Strategy For Limiting Risks Human Health Draft of ... - ECHA - Europa
Strategy For Limiting Risks Human Health Draft of ... - ECHA - Europa
Strategy For Limiting Risks Human Health Draft of ... - ECHA - Europa
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
Table 2.2 Irritation and Corrosivity, respiratory tract<br />
Inhalation<br />
Starting point for MOS calculation 0.2 mg/m 3<br />
Reference MOS 2<br />
Critical exposure level 0.1 mg/m 3<br />
1. Production <strong>of</strong> synthetic cryolite<br />
dust<br />
Production <strong>of</strong> synthetic cryolite<br />
granules<br />
2. Aluminium industry<br />
3. Use in other industries<br />
4.<br />
Abrasives, grinding discs<br />
EASE<br />
Abrasives, grinding discs<br />
analogous data<br />
Dermal contact<br />
Exposure<br />
(mg/m 3 )<br />
MOS Conclusion<br />
5 0.04 iii<br />
1 0.2 iii<br />
2 01 iii<br />
10 0.02 iii<br />
1 0.2 iii<br />
0.1 2 iii borderline<br />
No data are available concerning local effects after repeated dermal contact with cryolite. The<br />
acute skin tests did not show local irritating or sensitizing properties. From epidemiological<br />
data no observations on skin reactions from workers have been reported. In summary local<br />
effects by prolonged skin contact <strong>of</strong> workers are not expected. There is no reason for concern.<br />
18<br />
Conclusion: ii<br />
Systemic effects<br />
Repeated dose studies in mice and rats with oral and inhalation application demonstrated that<br />
prolonged exposure to cryolite causes accumulation <strong>of</strong> fluoride in teeth and bones with<br />
striations <strong>of</strong> the teeth and development <strong>of</strong> abnormally structured osseous tissues. From a wellconducted<br />
90-day inhalation study in rats the systemic NOAEC is identified as 0.21 mg<br />
cryolite/m 3 . With oral application fluoride accumulation in bone and teeth was observed in<br />
rats from the lowest dose tested upwards. The respective LOAEL is 50 ppm, corresponding to<br />
3.8 mg cryolite/kg/day for male and 4.5 mg cryolite/kg/day for female rats. In a 5-month rat<br />
study a NOAEC for toxic effects on bones, teeth and for local effects on the respiratory tract