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Figure 2.2: Basic Tourism System Model<br />

Source: Adapted from Leiper, 1990; Cooper et aI, 1998.<br />

Leiper's model consists <strong>of</strong> three basic elements, tak<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>to account <strong>the</strong> activities <strong>of</strong><br />

tourists, allow<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>dustry sectors to be located and provid<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> geographical<br />

dimension which is <strong>in</strong>herent to all travel (Leiper, 1990; Cooper et aI, 1998).<br />

1. Tourists: The tourist is <strong>the</strong> actor <strong>in</strong> this system as <strong>tourism</strong>, after all, is a very<br />

human experience which is enjoyed, anticipated and remembered by many<br />

as some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> most important times <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir lives (Leiper, 1990; Cooper et<br />

aI, 1998).<br />

2 Geographical elements: Leiper identifies three geographical elements <strong>in</strong> his<br />

model: <strong>the</strong> traveller-generat<strong>in</strong>g region; <strong>the</strong> tourist dest<strong>in</strong>ation region and <strong>the</strong><br />

transit route region (Leiper, 1990; Cooper et aI, 1998). The traveller­<br />

generat<strong>in</strong>g region represents <strong>the</strong> generat<strong>in</strong>g market for <strong>tourism</strong> as it is from<br />

here that <strong>the</strong> tourist searches for <strong>in</strong>formation, makes <strong>the</strong> book<strong>in</strong>g and<br />

departs. This region, <strong>in</strong> a sense, provides <strong>the</strong> 'push' to stimulate and<br />

motivate travel (Leiper, 1990; Cooper et aI, 1998).<br />

The tourist dest<strong>in</strong>ation region, <strong>in</strong> many respects, represents <strong>the</strong> 'sharp end'<br />

<strong>of</strong> <strong>tourism</strong>. It experiences <strong>the</strong> full impact <strong>of</strong> <strong>tourism</strong>, and plann<strong>in</strong>g and<br />

17

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