the role of tourism in natural resource management in the okavango ...
the role of tourism in natural resource management in the okavango ... the role of tourism in natural resource management in the okavango ...
Tourism in the Okavango Delta is directly dependent upon the utilisation of the region's natural resources of wildlife, water and natural vegetation areas for the industry. As such, tourism has increasingly impacted upon the way, and degree to which, these resources are managed and utilised, hence being identified as a key factor effecting the resource sector. If the Government of Botswana is to develop a tourism industry which fosters environmental and natural resource preservation, rather than maintaining a heavy dependence on limited and fragile resources, a better understanding of the relationship between the two sectors is necessary. Enhancing the positive linkages between tourism and natural resource utilisation in the Okavango Delta region represents an important means to stimulate increased natural resource and environmental protection, and improve the distribution of tourism benefits to rural communities. 111
TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.1 1.2 Motivation Study Aim and Objectives CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW PAGE 2.1 Introduction 11 2.2 Definitions of Tourism 12 2.3 Tourism: Subject or Discipline? 13 2.3.1 Basic Approaches to the Study of Tourism 15 2.4 Tourism as an Industry 19 2.5 International Tourism 20 2.6 Mass Tourism 21 2.7 Alternatives to Mass Tourism 23 2.7.1 Ecotourism 26 2.8 The Costs and Benefits of Tourism to Host Destinations 28 2.8.1 Economic Benefits of Tourism 28 2.8.1.1 The Multiplier Effect 30 2.8.1.2 Creation of Employment 32 2.8.2 Negative Economic Impacts of Tourism 34 2.8.3 Social Benefits of Tourism 35 2.8.4 Negative Social Impacts of Tourism 36 2.8.5 Environmental Benefits of Tourism 39 2.8.6 Negative Environmental Impacts of Tourism 40 2.9 Natural Resource Management 41 2.10 Tourism and Natural/Environmental Resources 43 2.11 The Nature of Tourism Impacts 45 2.11.1 Impacts on the Natural Environment 46 2.11.1.1 Floral and Faunal Species Composition 46 2.11.1.2 Pollution 51 2.11.1.3 Erosion 55 2.11.1.4 Natural Resources 56 IV 1 7
- Page 1 and 2: ;q::a THE ROLE OF TOURISM IN NATURA
- Page 3: ;;;4 ABSTRACT In recent years the u
- Page 7 and 8: 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.8.1 4.8.2 4.8
- Page 9 and 10: 5.4.1.6 Batawana and Natural Resour
- Page 11 and 12: CHAPTER SEVEN: NATURAL RESOURCE UTI
- Page 13 and 14: 8.2.1 Migration in the Okavango Del
- Page 15 and 16: REFERENCES APPENDICES XIV 417 459
- Page 17 and 18: Table 6.15: Room and Bed Occupancy
- Page 19 and 20: LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1: Study o
- Page 21 and 22: ACP ADP AE10 AIDS ALDEP ARAP BAMB B
- Page 23: SPSS STMT TGLP UB UNDP UNEP UNRISD
- Page 26 and 27: Empirical evidence, however, does n
- Page 28 and 29: norms of its people. To date, the g
- Page 30 and 31: numbers (Appendix One). Investigati
- Page 32 and 33: 4. Establish the extent of natural
- Page 34 and 35: detailed in chapter five. The insti
- Page 36 and 37: destinations, concentrating on its
- Page 38 and 39: serious academic consideration. The
- Page 40 and 41: Figure 2.1: Study of Tourism and Ch
- Page 42 and 43: management strategies are implement
- Page 44 and 45: Tourism should thus be regarded as
- Page 46 and 47: exchange, investment, income and em
- Page 48 and 49: problem. He states that it is time
- Page 50 and 51: The first assumption is largely bas
- Page 52 and 53: However, as Western (1993) points o
Tourism <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> Okavango Delta is directly dependent upon <strong>the</strong> utilisation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
region's <strong>natural</strong> <strong>resource</strong>s <strong>of</strong> wildlife, water and <strong>natural</strong> vegetation areas for <strong>the</strong><br />
<strong>in</strong>dustry. As such, <strong>tourism</strong> has <strong>in</strong>creas<strong>in</strong>gly impacted upon <strong>the</strong> way, and degree<br />
to which, <strong>the</strong>se <strong>resource</strong>s are managed and utilised, hence be<strong>in</strong>g identified as a<br />
key factor effect<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> <strong>resource</strong> sector. If <strong>the</strong> Government <strong>of</strong> Botswana is to<br />
develop a <strong>tourism</strong> <strong>in</strong>dustry which fosters environmental and <strong>natural</strong> <strong>resource</strong><br />
preservation, ra<strong>the</strong>r than ma<strong>in</strong>ta<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g a heavy dependence on limited and fragile<br />
<strong>resource</strong>s, a better understand<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> relationship between <strong>the</strong> two sectors is<br />
necessary. Enhanc<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> positive l<strong>in</strong>kages between <strong>tourism</strong> and <strong>natural</strong><br />
<strong>resource</strong> utilisation <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> Okavango Delta region represents an important means<br />
to stimulate <strong>in</strong>creased <strong>natural</strong> <strong>resource</strong> and environmental protection, and<br />
improve <strong>the</strong> distribution <strong>of</strong> <strong>tourism</strong> benefits to rural communities.<br />
111
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