the role of tourism in natural resource management in the okavango ...

cheaply from communities in Ngamiland District. For example, in 1998, a single
elephant that a safari hunting operator bought at Pula 22 000 (US $ 4500) from a
community quota, was sold at US $ 50 000 (Pula 250 000) to spot hunters from
Europe. In 2000 an elephant cost Pula 40 000 (US $ 8000) to buy from community
quotas, which was then sold for US $ 80 000 (Pula 400000) to international
commercial hunters (Mbaiwa, 2002).
7.3.7.3 Poor Distribution of CBNRM Financial and Employment Benefits
The poor distribution of financial and employment benefits from CBNRM projects is
one of the critical issues affecting the sustainability of the CBNRM programme in the
Okavango Delta. Many community members who are involved in CBNRM projects
receive no financial, employment or food benefits from CBNRM at a household level.
For example, according to Mbaiwa (2004), 52.1 percent of the households in the
three villages of Ditshiping, Khwai and Seronga, who are involved in the OKMCT,
KDT and OCT community-based projects respectively (Table 7.10) stated that they
do not receive any benefits from the CBNRM projects in their villages. The highest
figures were in Ditshiping and Seronga where 78.1 percent and 50.9 percent,
respectively, said that they derived no benefits from CBNRM projects. The rest of
the respondents stated that they derive benefits in the form of meat, income and
employment from CBNRM.
According to Mbaiwa (2004), at a community level, the village of Ditshiping does not
benefit significantly from CBNRM through the OKMCT. Community members noted
that they do derive the expected benefits such as the use of trust vehicles and the
establishment of community-projects that were promised when joint-venture
partnerships with safari operators were made. Most members of the Ditshiping
community are also not clear as to whether they should receive benefits through the
CBNRM project as individual households or as a community as a whole, from their
trust (Mbaiwa, 2004).
The Gudigwa community, which is part of the OCT (Table 7.10), and consists largely
of Basarwa or San (Bushmen) individuals, also does not receive any significant
benefits from CBNRM. According to Taylor (2001), the Gudigwa community do not
receive their fair share of the benefits that accrue to the OCT from the sub-leasing of
338