the role of tourism in natural resource management in the okavango ...

spot guides, waiters, night watchmen, cooks and housekeepers. In terms of monthly
payments, builders were paid Pula 800 each, road construction workers were paid
Pula 450 each, night watchmen got Pula 500 each and supervisors were paid Pula
750 each (Mbaiwa, 2002, Mbaiwa, 2004).
7.3.6.5 The Okavango Kopano Mokoro Community Trust (OKMCT) and Other
Community-Based Organisations (CBOs) in the Okavango Delta
In 1998 the Okavango Kopano Mokoro Community Trust (OKMCT), which
comprises the six villages of Ditshiping, Boro, Xaxaba, Daunara, Xharaxao, and
Xuxao (see Figure 5.4 in chapter five), was established, and received the CHA of
NG 32. In 2001 the OKMCT received Pula 1.1 million (US $ 183333), as revenue
generated from the sub-leasing of their CHA and sale of their wildlife quota to a
safari company. Like the OCT, and most other CBOs in the Okavango, the OKMCT
has also followed the DWNP model of implementing CBNRM projects, which
includes the promotion of joint venture partnerships with safari operators. In 2001,
the OKMCT provided employment for a total of approximately 100 people from the
six different villages (Mbaiwa, 2004).
In terms of raw income, CBNRM as a whole has been relatively successful in the
Okavango Delta region. In 2001, CBNRM projects generated an estimated total of
Pula 4.8 million (US $ 800 000) through contracts and joint venture partnerships with
safari operators, sale of hunting quotas, crafts and veld products, and small-scale
tourism ventures. Additionally, a total of around 840 jobs for community members
involved in CBNRM projects were created in 2001. CBNRM projects in the
Okavango Delta, in particular, the OCT, OKMCT and the KDT, have also been able
to spawn community-based tourism enterprises such as campgrounds, cultural
tourism sites, guesthouses and craft outlets which generate revenue and create
employment opportunities in rural villages (North West CBNRM Forum, 2001 ;
Mbaiwa, 2004).
The considerable amount of revenue and employment opportunities that local
communities receive from their involvement in CBNRM reflects that the initial
intentions of the CBNRM programme are, to varying degrees, being achieved.
These include the involvement of local communities in resource management, while
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