the role of tourism in natural resource management in the okavango ...

Table 7.4: Main Stakeholders, Land and Resource Use Activities and Conflicts
in the Okavango Delta Area
Main Stakeholders Land Use and Resource Activities Land Use and Resource Conflicts
1. Local Communities
- Basarwa (San) and - collection of natural resources such - conflict with the DWNP and
Bantu-speaking groups as veld products, firewood, fishing etc government wildlife conservation
such as the Hambukushu policies, especially over protected
and Wayeyi areas such as the Moremi Game
Reserve
- subsistence hunting activites by local - conflict with DWNP and government
communities enforced hunting restrictions
- expansion of crop and livestock - competition for land between locals,
farming in wildlife areas. DWNP and government, and tourism
sector
- Batawana in Maun - desire to gain control over Moremi - conflict with government over control
Game Reserve (as area is considered of the area and its resources
Batawana territory)
2. Government of
Botswana
- Department of Wildlife - implementation of government wildlife - conflict with the socio-economic
and National Parks conservation policies activites of local communities e.g.
(DWNP) arable and livestock farming, hunting
and gathering etc
- Department of Tourism - promotion of government laws on - conflict with local communities over
tourism, e.g. the development of resource use, and conservation groups
consumptive and non-consumptive over the influx of tourists into the
tourism sensitive Okavango Delta
- Ministry of Agriculture - implementation of agricultural policies - conflicts with DWNP and tourism
sector over land, water and grazing
- erection of veterinary fences - competition for land between wildlife
and livestock; fences block wildlife
migratory routes; fences also help
keep livestock numbers in the Delta
low
- Department of Lands - implementation of government land - the zoning of land into WMAs and
policies in the area CHAs conflicts with local people's
traditional land use patterns
- The Tawana land - allocation and distribution of - allocation of land for agriculture and
Board communal land human settlement in wildlife areas
leads to conflict with DWNP and
conservation groups
- leasing of communal land to tourism - conflict between local communities
operators and the tourism sector
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