the role of tourism in natural resource management in the okavango ...
the role of tourism in natural resource management in the okavango ... the role of tourism in natural resource management in the okavango ...
eference to the Okavango Delta region. The Department of Tourism (2001) and the Central Statistics Office (2004) notes that tourist and visitor arrivals in Botswana have grown considerably from 484 960 in 1997 to 826 193 by the Year 2000 (Table 6.4). These findings correspond with those of the World Trade Organisation (2001) which noted that approximately 800 000 individuals visited/holidayed in Botswana in 2000. This increase in visitors between 1997 and 2000 represents an annual growth rate of approximately 15 percent. However, as can also be seen from Table 6.4, visitor/tourist numbers to Botswana experienced a decline after 2000, from 826 193 to 757 273 in 2002, a decline of 8.3 percent, or 4.2 percent annually. Several factors can be mentioned which may have contributed to this decline: the global economic recession during this period; the political instability in Namibia's Caprivi strip and Zimbabwe, and Botswana's presidential elections in 2002. Table 6.4: Number of TouristsNisitors to Botswana From 1997 to 2002 Year Number of TouristsNisitors Annual Growth Rate 1997 484960 1998 524586 7.6% 1999 669208 21.6% 2000 826193 19.0% 2001 791 120 -4.2% 2002 757273 -4.2% Source: Adapted From Republic of Botswana Tourism Statistics, 2001; Republic of Botswana Statistical Bulletin, 2004. According to a report by the Republic of Botswana Department of Tourism (2001), in 2000 the Okavango Delta received 12.1 percent of the total visitors/tourists to Botswana. However, this report does not explain the methodology used to calculate or conclude that 12.1 percent of the tourists/visitors to Botswana went to the Okavango Delta. As can be seen from Table 6.4, the total number of tourists and visitors to Botswana in 2000 amounted to 826 193, of which 12.1 percent comprised 99969 individuals. Based on this result, it can therefore be stated that 99 969 people visited the Okavango Delta in 2000. 232
However, the number of tourists that visit or pass through Moremi Game Reserve can also be used to provide a more accurate estimation of the number of tourists that visit the Okavango Delta each year, as all movement into or out of the reserve is recorded. Table 6.5: The Number of Visitors to Moremi Game Reserve From 1995 to 2001 Year Number of TouristsNisitors 1995 36074 1996 38204 1997 42987 1998 49556 1999 46707 2000 30835 2001 31 076 Source: Adapted From the Department of Wildlife and National Parks, 2002; Mbaiwa, 2002. As shown in Table 6.5,30835 individuals visited the Moremi Game Reserve in 2000, which is a much lower figure than the 99 969 individuals that the Department of Tourism (2001) estimated visited the whole of the Okavango Delta in 2000. As such, figures from the Moremi Game reserve do provide a reliable source of information, yet should be used with care as they can be a gross underestimate of the total number of tourists visiting the Okavango Delta each year. This is because the Okavango Delta as a whole is large, and most areas allow for the entry and exit of people into the Delta without the information ever being recorded (such as in the Panhandle area). However, if the data from the Department of Tourism (2001) and that from the Moremi Game Reserve is considered, it can be assumed that an average of around 65 000 people visit the Okavango Delta each year. Since it is difficult to accurately estimate the number of tourists that visit the delta annually, the ideal situation would be a complete sample of all people who stayed in all accommodation areas (camps, lodges, hotels, etc.) in the Okavango in a particular year (Department of Tourism, 2001; Mbaiwa, 2002). 233
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However, <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> tourists that visit or pass through Moremi Game Reserve<br />
can also be used to provide a more accurate estimation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> tourists<br />
that visit <strong>the</strong> Okavango Delta each year, as all movement <strong>in</strong>to or out <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> reserve is<br />
recorded.<br />
Table 6.5: The Number <strong>of</strong> Visitors to Moremi Game Reserve From 1995 to 2001<br />
Year Number <strong>of</strong> TouristsNisitors<br />
1995 36074<br />
1996 38204<br />
1997 42987<br />
1998 49556<br />
1999 46707<br />
2000 30835<br />
2001 31 076<br />
Source: Adapted From <strong>the</strong> Department <strong>of</strong> Wildlife and National Parks, 2002;<br />
Mbaiwa, 2002.<br />
As shown <strong>in</strong> Table 6.5,30835 <strong>in</strong>dividuals visited <strong>the</strong> Moremi Game Reserve <strong>in</strong><br />
2000, which is a much lower figure than <strong>the</strong> 99 969 <strong>in</strong>dividuals that <strong>the</strong> Department<br />
<strong>of</strong> Tourism (2001) estimated visited <strong>the</strong> whole <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Okavango Delta <strong>in</strong> 2000. As<br />
such, figures from <strong>the</strong> Moremi Game reserve do provide a reliable source <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>in</strong>formation, yet should be used with care as <strong>the</strong>y can be a gross underestimate <strong>of</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> total number <strong>of</strong> tourists visit<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> Okavango Delta each year. This is because<br />
<strong>the</strong> Okavango Delta as a whole is large, and most areas allow for <strong>the</strong> entry and exit<br />
<strong>of</strong> people <strong>in</strong>to <strong>the</strong> Delta without <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>formation ever be<strong>in</strong>g recorded (such as <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
Panhandle area). However, if <strong>the</strong> data from <strong>the</strong> Department <strong>of</strong> Tourism (2001) and<br />
that from <strong>the</strong> Moremi Game Reserve is considered, it can be assumed that an<br />
average <strong>of</strong> around 65 000 people visit <strong>the</strong> Okavango Delta each year. S<strong>in</strong>ce it is<br />
difficult to accurately estimate <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> tourists that visit <strong>the</strong> delta annually, <strong>the</strong><br />
ideal situation would be a complete sample <strong>of</strong> all people who stayed <strong>in</strong> all<br />
accommodation areas (camps, lodges, hotels, etc.) <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> Okavango <strong>in</strong> a particular<br />
year (Department <strong>of</strong> Tourism, 2001; Mbaiwa, 2002).<br />
233