the role of tourism in natural resource management in the okavango ...

4.9.2 Conceptual Framework
The conceptual framework (Figure 4.2) was derived from preliminary readings for
the research topic, which defines the scope of the literature review in chapter two,
where its theoretical elements are considered. The elements of the framework that
deal with tourism, natural resource management and their related socio-economic
and environmental impacts specifically related to the area of study are presented in
chapter five. The framework is grounded in the concept that collaborative resource
utilisation and management based on concepts of sustainability and local/community
based development are critical to the long-term preservation of the area's natural
resources and the future growth of the tourism industry.
International, national and regional policies, act and protocols contribute to a means
of developing and reaching solutions to resource management constraints and
problems. However, such instruments must be integrated with the emerging
principles of environmental and natural resource management (de Chazournes,
1998). These principles provide a framework for resource management institutions,
while national law gives effect to these principles and ensures the rights of local
users are upheld. As such, an integration of legal instruments and natural resource
management principles can aid the development of collaborative management
systems for areas, such as the Okavango Delta, whose economic mainstay is reliant
upon the utilisation of natural resources (Tompkins, 2002).
The conceptual framework, therefore, essentially comprises both elements of
legislation and resource management and tourism theory, as well as the practical
elements of resource utilisation and management and its resultant impacts.
An analysis of selected international environmental conservation agreements and
national governmental policies and Acts were analysed from sources including the
text of the agreements, policies and Acts themselves, scientific papers, conference
session proceedings, project proposals and natural resource management reviews.
The major themes that arise from the conceptual framework include: national and
regional management structures present in the area of study; tourism management
in the area of study; natural resource management in the area of study; and the
related socio-economic and environmental impacts resulting from tourism
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