Teacher Learning in a Community of Practice: A Case Study of ...
Teacher Learning in a Community of Practice: A Case Study of ... Teacher Learning in a Community of Practice: A Case Study of ...
interaction among peers about their practice and guided by questions posed by myself and fellow participants. From a situative perspective, the curriculum for teacher learning would support ongoing inquiry about ideas presented in the new Revised National Curriculum Statement and their implications for day-to-day EMS practice. It included not only subject matter knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge, but also practical knowledge to translate EMS ideas into practice. By adopting this (situative) perspective on teacher learning, my implicit assumption was that the curriculum for teacher learning would be stretched over an array ofartefacts and events, a position supported by Rogoff (1990). It was envisioned that a combination ofthese artefacts and events would form an integrated curriculum for teacher learning. The curriculum for teacher learning would then be situated across the new Revised National Curriculum Statement with special reference to EMS, classroom curricula materials, and teachers' attempts to implement EMS practice. Grossman et al (2001) refer to what they term the essential tension ofteacher community. There exists a tension between improving professional practice by improving pedagogic skills and the continuing intellectual development in the subject matter ofthe school curriculum. They state that the latter is a less familiar aspect and assumes that "teachers are lifelong students oftheir subjects..." (ibid. 2001:951). Teachers must continue to increase their knowledge and remain updated with regard to changes in their disciplines: "These two aspects ofteacher development - one that focuses teachers' attention on the improvement of student learning, the other focused on the teacher as student ofsubject matter- do not always mix harmoniously. Often they do not mix at all" (Grossman et al 2001 :952). These two approaches are essentially a contrast between the promise ofdirect applicability and the long-term goal ofpersonal intellectual renewal. Grossman et al suggest that "the challenge in creating... community is to heed both aims simultaneously: to maintain a focus on students while creating structures for teachers to engage as learners with the subject matters they teach" (ibid.:952). These two critical foci ofteacher learning must be carefully considered if there is to be any successful attempt to create and sustain 'teacher intellectual community'. Teacher community must be equally concerned with student learning and with teacher learning. They are at the essence of teaching, and 105
they represent key ingredients in successful professional development. Grossman et al (2001) note that while these two foci can be at odds with each other, they can be held in a productive tension. In the TEMS group, as will be seen presently, it was evident that not all teachers were equally interested in both foci. While some were interested in developing curriculum, others were there mainly to acquire subject matter knowledge. In the planning ofthe TEMS project, an attempt was made to weave both these foci into the agenda. However, the main thrust ofthe project was to develop subject matter knowledge in the EMS learning area. I envisaged that the motivation for teachers to learn resided in teachers' developing and sustaining identities as knowers and as learners in the TEMS project. The motivation for teachers to learn centred mainly but not exclusively on developing and sustaining teachers' identities as learners in the TEMS community ofpractice. It was important to for me to develop a 'critical mass' (Spillane 2000) ofEMS teacher leaders who would be able to convince other EMS teachers about the new EMS curriculum, its place in the school curriculum, and the importance ofEMS knowledge for their pupils. I envisaged that peer encouragement would motivate participants to engage with meaningful EMS teaching. I also hoped that teachers, trying out new ideas in their classrooms, with the support of their colleagues (addressing implementation difficulties) and observing the response of their own pupils would be another really important motivating factor and an incentive for teacher learning, an idea supported by McLaughlin and Talbert (2001). In becoming a part ofthe TEMS project, teachers would learn in a supportive community ofpractice and that it would translate into teachers creating supportive learning communities within their classrooms, and that they would be motivated by their own pupils' learning ofthe EMS learning area. 106
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they represent key <strong>in</strong>gredients <strong>in</strong> successful pr<strong>of</strong>essional development. Grossman et al<br />
(2001) note that while these two foci can be at odds with each other, they can be held <strong>in</strong> a<br />
productive tension.<br />
In the TEMS group, as will be seen presently, it was evident that not all teachers were<br />
equally <strong>in</strong>terested <strong>in</strong> both foci. While some were <strong>in</strong>terested <strong>in</strong> develop<strong>in</strong>g curriculum,<br />
others were there ma<strong>in</strong>ly to acquire subject matter knowledge. In the plann<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong>the<br />
TEMS project, an attempt was made to weave both these foci <strong>in</strong>to the agenda. However,<br />
the ma<strong>in</strong> thrust <strong>of</strong>the project was to develop subject matter knowledge <strong>in</strong> the EMS<br />
learn<strong>in</strong>g area.<br />
I envisaged that the motivation for teachers to learn resided <strong>in</strong> teachers' develop<strong>in</strong>g and<br />
susta<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g identities as knowers and as learners <strong>in</strong> the TEMS project. The motivation for<br />
teachers to learn centred ma<strong>in</strong>ly but not exclusively on develop<strong>in</strong>g and susta<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g<br />
teachers' identities as learners <strong>in</strong> the TEMS community <strong>of</strong>practice. It was important to<br />
for me to develop a 'critical mass' (Spillane 2000) <strong>of</strong>EMS teacher leaders who would be<br />
able to conv<strong>in</strong>ce other EMS teachers about the new EMS curriculum, its place <strong>in</strong> the<br />
school curriculum, and the importance <strong>of</strong>EMS knowledge for their pupils. I envisaged<br />
that peer encouragement would motivate participants to engage with mean<strong>in</strong>gful EMS<br />
teach<strong>in</strong>g.<br />
I also hoped that teachers, try<strong>in</strong>g out new ideas <strong>in</strong> their classrooms, with the support <strong>of</strong><br />
their colleagues (address<strong>in</strong>g implementation difficulties) and observ<strong>in</strong>g the response <strong>of</strong><br />
their own pupils would be another really important motivat<strong>in</strong>g factor and an <strong>in</strong>centive for<br />
teacher learn<strong>in</strong>g, an idea supported by McLaughl<strong>in</strong> and Talbert (2001). In becom<strong>in</strong>g a<br />
part <strong>of</strong>the TEMS project, teachers would learn <strong>in</strong> a supportive community <strong>of</strong>practice<br />
and that it would translate <strong>in</strong>to teachers creat<strong>in</strong>g supportive learn<strong>in</strong>g communities with<strong>in</strong><br />
their classrooms, and that they would be motivated by their own pupils' learn<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong>the<br />
EMS learn<strong>in</strong>g area.<br />
106