Pathar Ton Rang Takk - Dr. Harpal Singh Pannu

gZEo s'I ozr sZe
jogkb f;zx gzB{
1

;wogD
nkgD/ pugB d/ fwZso irfszdo d/ Bkw
2

sseok
1 - wkJhebJ/Iib' ------------------------ (7)
2 - tkB rkr ------------------------ (37)
3 - ekcek dh gsBh d'ok ------------------------ (72)
4 - Jhdh ------------------------ (101)
5 - nzfwqsk F/ofrb ------------------------ (115)
3

tkech
fiBQK Fy;hnsK B/ w/o/ T[go n;o ehsk, bZfrnk j'oK d/ fdbK T[go n;onzdk}
j'DrhnK pFofs fe w/oh gzikph dh fbys ftu ;kdrh nk ikt/. pkbgB d/ fdBK ftu w?B{z
vkH jfoGiB f;zx, ;[ypho, ;zs f;zx ;/y'I ns/ s/ok f;zx uzB d/ nB[tkd uzr/ bZr/.
jfoGiB f;zx B/ ;BksBh :{BkBh ebkf;e; Bkb gSkD eotkJh ;h. T[d'I w?I ;e{b ftu ;K
id'I nko;h ftu T[BQK dk bVhtko f;wo wBkJh f;oiDk Sfgnk gVQdk j[zdk. ;[ypho ns/
uzB B/ o{;h fbysK d/ nB[tkd ehs/. ;/y'I B/ o{;' d/ eBc?FBi dk soiwk nkgphshnK d/
Bkw j/m ehsk. r[opyF f;zx co?Ie dk o{;h ftu'I nB[tkd tXhnk j?.
r[ofdnkb pb B/ wkJhebJ/ Iib' ns/ tkB rkr T[go fbyD bJh fejk sK w?B{z
nkgD/ T[go ftFtk; BjhI ;h feT[Ife w?I nkoN dk ftfdnkoEh BjhI jK. d/o sZe ;'uD s'I
pkd fJ; f;ZN/ s/ g[Zik fe w?I nkoN efofNe d/ s"o s/ fJBQK dk w[bKeD eoKrk jh BjhI,
e/tb ihtB fbyKrk. nzro/}h ftu fJBQK dhnK ihtBhnK gqkgs jB.
fJoftzr ;N'B B/ wkJhebJ/ Iib' dh ihtBh, #d n?r'Bh n?Iv n?e;N?;h fbyD bJh
gfotko ;w/s cb'o?I;, o'w ns/ j'o ;GBK EktK s/ fiE/ fiE/ ebkeko fojk, nkgDk fNekDk
pDkfJnk. fiE/ wkJheb B/ gZEo eZN/ T[BQK gjkVK ftu'I gZEo eZND dk ezw f;Zfynk, g/IN
eoB dk ezw f;Zfynk. fJoftzr B{z nfijh rbscfjwh BjhI ;h fe T[j wkopb sqkFD ftu
T[;skd j' ikJ/rk. ikDBk ukj[zdk ;h fJj o;sk fezBk fpyVk j?. T[;B/ gqshs ehsk fe
wkJheb pqfjwzvh u/sBk dk wkbe ebkeko ;h fi;dk ezw nBzs j?. gZEo ;o eo fbnk sK
;z;ko T[s/ cfsj jk;b j' rJh. fit/I wkJheb e[dos B{z ;wMD ftu ;cb j'fJnk T[t/I
fJoftzr ;N'B wkJhebJ/ Iib' dh o{j sZe g[Zik. T[;B{z g[ZfSnk frnk - s[jkB{z wkJheb dh fe;
uh} B/ gqGkfts ehsk< ;N'B B/ fejk - jo/e uh} B/. T[j nzsookFNoh nkswk tkbk pzdk
;h. jo ;w/I, jo d/F d/ b'e ikDBr/, T[;dh fBg[zBsk nBzs j?. T[;B/ fizBk ;zxoF ehsk,
T[j nikJhI BjhI frnk.
;N'B dh fJ; fbys T[go poBkov p/o?B;B dh fNZgDh j?- e/tb ;N'B T[;dh o{j
sZe g[Zi ;fenk.
tkBrkr T[go fbyD tk;s/ fJoftzr ;N'B dh feskp b;N cko bkJhc ftu'_ B'N;
bJ/, T[;dh gfjbh n?vh;aB n?o' p[e; B/ 1935 ftu Skgh s/ ;skoQth_ n?vh;aB 2001 ftu.
;N'B B/ nkgDh ;wZroh jiako s'_ tXhe ysK s'_ gqkgs ehsh. fJeZb/ EhU B{z fby/ 700 ys
fszB fibdK ftu gqkgs jB. jkb?_v, p?bihnw ns/ coK; ftu tkB d/ gfotko, r{gb ezgBh,
T[;d/ fiT[_d/ d';s ns/ ;B/jhnK Bkb w[bkeksK ehshnK. joihs frZb B/ BktK s/ EktK
dkco?_u T[ukoD r[ow[yh ftu fby e/ fdsk, fJBQK dk ;aa[eokBk .
ekcek dh gsBh d'ok d/ ihtB pkps fbysK gqkgs jB go e?Eh dkfJwzs dh fbys
;G s'I tXhe Go';/:'r j?. feskp dk Bkw j?, ekcek*} bk;N bt . fJj feskp T[;B/ w{b
;o's bZG e/ fbyh j? s/ T[BQK b'eK Bkb w[bkeksK ehshnK jB fijV/ d'ok d/ B}dhe oj/,
fJBQK ftu T[; d/ gfotko d/ w?Ipo th jB. :j{dhnK d/ g[oksB Xow rqzE fjpo{ GkFk ftu
jB go fijVh p'bh j[D :j{dh p;shnK ftu p'bh iKdh j? T[j f:ZfdF j? i' fjpo{ d/ B/V/
j?. fjpo{ ns/ noph th nkg; ftu fJe d{ih d/ pj[s B/V/ jB, fjpo{ d/ gfjb/ nZyo
nfbc, p/, t/, ihw, dkb, j/, nkfde jh jB. d'ok dhnK f:fdF fbysK ftu'I jtkb/ fdZs/
jB. T[;B/ iowB ftu th nkgDhnK fbysK SgtkJhnK, T[BQK dk nfXn?B j?. e?Eh B/ o{;,
fJ}okJhb, g'b?Iv, iowB ns/ nwohek d/ g[ok-y'i e/Ido SkD/ jB. e?Eh dZ;dh j? id'I T[j
1971 ftu ekcek dh ejkDh w?Nkwkoc'f;; B{z nB[tkd eo ojh ;h sK T[;d/ nfXnkge B/
g[ZfSnk, s{z th dkfJwzs j?I e?Eh, s{z d'ok dkfJwzs dh foFs/dko j?I < e?Eh B/ fejk- w?I sK
fJj Bkw gfjbh tko ;[fDnK j?, e"D ;h d'ok< nfXnkge B/ fejk- ekcek d/ ihtB ftu
nkyoh n"os, T[;dhnK pkjtK ftu ekcek B/ nkyoh ;kj fbnk, d'ok B/ T[;dhnK fbysK B{z
nZr bk fdZsh ;h. nfXnkge dh rZb ;[D e/ e?Eh B/ w?e;po'd fbys ekcek dh ihtBh
gVQh sK ikfDnK fe d'ok id'I ekcek B{z fwbh, T[ZBh ;kb dh ;h. fJjh j[D e?Eh dh T[wo.
4

e?Eh fbydh j?- fJj feskp fbyD ftu ;jkfJsk pj[s Gb/ b'eK B/ ehsh go ;u
ikDBk, d'ok w/oh ;j/bh pD rJh, T[j jo tes w/o/ Bkb Bkb s[odh, w?I T[; s'I f;Zfynk,
fe;/ d/ ezw fet/I nkT[Dk j?, nkgD/ nkg B{z pdbhdk fet/I j?. ;kb 1948 ftu ekcek pko/
T[;dh gfjbh fJzNoftT{ Sgh ;h fi; ftu T[;B/ fejk ;h- w?I fBogZy BjhI jK, j' Jh BjhI
;edh, fJ; eoe/ fijV/ sZE dZ;Krh T[BQK dk e'Jh wjZst BjhI, fJe gftZso wkj"b f;oiKrh
w?I. fijVh ejkDh s[jkB{z ;[DktKrh T[;d/ X[o nzdo tZyoh soQk dk ;Zu j? s/ w? I T[; ;Zu dk
fBZek fjZ;k jK, ;' fBogZy BjhI. fJj ;soK fbydh j'Jh e?Eh nkydh j?, **w?I d'ok d/
dkfJwzs gfotko B{z fwbh, T[BQK s'I pj[s j";bk fwfbnk. w?B{z ;p{s sK BjhI fwb/ go
nfj;k; j'fJnk fe w?I d'ok dkfJwzs dh foFs/dko jK, ;' w?I th fBogZy BjhI jK.**
nkoN s'I pzdrh sZe feskp ftu nkofN;N jod/t f;zx Bkb ikD gSkD eotk u[Zfenk
;K, gkmeK B{z mhe bZrh. fpzd{ (point) i/ ;[szso j;sh j? sK nB/e fpzd{ i[Ve/ beho fet/I
pD iKdh j?< FkfJd fpzd{ nkg; ftu i[Vd/ BjhI. fJe fpzd{ s[oB bZrdk j? sd T[;dh
rsh dk fBFkB fdykJh d/D brdk j? fi;B{z beho nkyd/ jK. ihtB rshFhb j?, e[M Fy;
w"s T[gozs nkgDh rsh dhnK behoK SZv rJ/ jB. fJj' fBFkB gkmeK B{z fdykT[D dk
:sB ehsk. ;cbsk fwbh fe BjhI, fezBh e[ fwbh, fJ;dk c?;bk gkme eo/rk. ofj rJ/
B[e;K pkps ikDekoh fwb/ sK nrbh tko ;'X eoK.
Jhdh b/y tk;s/ ikDekoh sfjwhBk d[okBh dh fbyh feskp, J/e nkJhBk
BkphB' e/ bhJ/ ftu'I gqkgs ehsh. d[okBh B/ Jhdh Bkb ukbh xzN/ fJzNoftT{ foekov eoe/
;wZroh fJeZmh ehsh. Jhdh dh t?p;kJhN th w"i{d j?. d[BhnK Go ftu c?bhnK nkgDhnK
f;js ;z;EktK dh y[d fBrokBh eodk j?. Gkos ftu T[;dh Fkyk pzrb"o ftu j?.
g'qH G[fgzdo f;zx dh ;bkj ;dek feskp ftu jw/F pdbkU nkT[Idk j?. nzfwqsk
F/ofrb T[go fbyD tk;s/ T[BQK B/ fejk. uzrh rZb fJj j'Jh fe nzfwqsk T[go ;q's ;wZroh
dh xkN BjhI. T[;d/ ;wekbhnK B/ T[;d/ fiT[Id/ ihn B'N; b?D/ F[o{ eo fdZs/ ;B.
fJepkb f;zx ns/ pbd{B YhIrok T[BQK ftu'I jB. y[Ftzs f;zx tXhe fbyD d/ ;woZE ;h
go pj[s E'VQk fbfynk. nzfwqsk T[go fbyD bJh feskpK Bk gVQdk sd w?B{z T[;d/ gsh
fteNo J/rB dh cehoh dk gsk Bk brdk. nkyoh ;kj sZe fteNo B{z uzrh bZrdh ojh
sK w?I nzfwqsk d/ ftjko ftu B[e; SKND dk jZedko fet/I j'fJnk <
jogkb f;zx gzB{
5

ye dhnK j'o g[ekFBktK
1H r[o{ BkBe dk e[dos f;XKs - gzikph :{Bhtof;Nh, gfNnkbk.
2H Gkos d/ g[oksB Xow - T[jh -
3H ofpzdoBkE N?r'o - T[jh -
4H f;y doFB ftu ekb ns/ nekb - B?FBb p[eFkg, uKdBh u"Ie fdZbh.
5H r"sw s'I sk;eh sZe - b'e rhs gqekFB, uzvhrVQ
6H nkoN s'I pzdrh sZe- f;zx pqdo} nzfwqs;o
gqekFB nXhB
1H ig[ Bh;kD[ (;zgkdB) gzikph :{Bhtof;Nh, gfNnkbk
2H fwfbzd-gqFB (nB[tkde) - T[jh-
t?p;kJhN - Harpalsinghpannu.com.
Jhw/b - Harpalsinghpannu@yahoo.com
c'B - xo - 0175-228-2832
w'pkfJb- 094642-51454
ekgh okJhN - b/ye
6

1 - wkJhebJ/Iib'
(6 wkou 1475 - 18 cotoh 1564)
cb'o?I; Ffjo d/ B}dhe nzrhbkok fgzv nkgD/ wekB d/ u[pko/ ftu s/oK ;kb dh
T[wo/ FhF/ nZr/ p?m e/ e?Bt; T[go wkJhebJ/ Iib' nkgDk fujok T[skoB bZrk. u"Vk, u"o;
wZEk, v{zxhnK rZbQK T[go tZvhnK jZvhnK ekb/ x[zrokb/ tkb, G{ohnK nZyK T[go w'NhnK
gbeK. jZ; fgnk - w/oh gsbh m'vh ns/ fBe/ w{zj T[gobk Y/o e[M f}nkdk tZvk j?. fi;
B/ w?B{z xfVnk, T[; B{z Bk iw?Noh nkT[Idh j? Bk ;kjb, Bk r[DhJ/I dh tos'I eoBh nkJ/. w?I
nkgD/ fujo/ dh g/IfNzr w[ezwb feT[I eoK, fJj fte/rh BjhI.
T[;B/ fJe rhs dhnK X[BK ;[DhnK sK ;wM frnk T[;dk d';s rqK;h nk frn?.
cNkcN g"VhnK T[so e/ rbh ftu nkfJnk. rqK;h T[Bh ;kb dk ;h, ;hBhno j'D eoe/ T[j
wkJheb B{z g/IN eoB dk ;kwkB fdzdk ns/ g/IfNzr d/ w[Yb/ n;{b dZ;dk. T[;skd
frobKvhU e'b'I ezw f;Zy fojk ;h, nkT[D ;ko p'fbnk - ub/Irk fco nZi w/o/ Bkb<
wkJheb B/ ufjefdnK fejk - nZi w/ok iBw fdB j?, w?B{z frobKvhU Bkw dh poE-v/
frcN d/ d/j.
- mhe j?, p; fJe rZb dk fynkb oZyhI, T[;skd r[;skyh g;zd BjhI eodk, fBwo
ojhI, ;bhe/ Bkb ezw f;ZyhI. d't/I iD/ s[o gJ/. u"e gko eofdnK froik fdZf;nk, ;zs wkoe
dk p[Zs d/fynk sK fejk - p[ZssqkFh fejh r}p dh ebk j? rqK;h.
- j[D s[o th, ezw uZb/ jK, ;?o BjhI fJj. d't/I iD/ ;N{vhU nzdo dkyb j'J/.
ozrK dhnK ;[rzXhnK Bkb Gfonk j'fJnk tZvk jkb ;h, nZXh e[ doiD w[ zv/ ;N{bK s/ p?m/
nkg' nkgD/ ezwhI bZr/ j'J/ ;B. e'B/ ftu p?mk fJe pzdk yob ftu ozr ghj fojk ;h.
fJXo T[Xo ;e?u Nzr/ j'J/ ;B. ;kjwD/ T[u/ dhtkB T[go ukbh e[ ;kbK dk pzdk fJj
;kok e[M d/y fojk ;h, T[;d/ fJod frod BeF/, p[oF, g?Bf;bK nkfde ;kok ;kwkB
soshp nB[;ko fNekfJnk j'fJnk.
T[;skd B{z ;bkw eoB pkd rqK;h B/ fejk - ;qhwkB frobKvhU, fJj j? T[j w[ zvk
wkJhebJ/Iib', ihjd/ pko/ w?I rZb ehsh ;h. T[;skd B/ T[; tb o[y ehsk sK wkJheb B{z
bZrk fit/I d/yD dh EK x{o fojk j?. fXnkB Bkb e[M d/o d/ydk fojk. wkJheb B/ BhthI
gk bJh.
- ehjdk w[zv?I s{z<
- ih bhUBkod' p'BkoNh f;w'Bh dk.
- fJj Bkw ;[fDnK brd?. fezBh T[wo n?I s/oh<
- ih s/oK ;kb.
- n;hI nkgD/ pZfunK B{z d; ;kb dh T[wo/ ezw f;ZyD s/ bk fdzd/ j[B/ nK. s{z
fszB ;kb eh eodk fojk<
- ;e{b/ bkshBh ns/ :{BkBh p'bhnK f;yD ftu ;wK popkd ehsk.
- T[;skd osk w[;eqkfJnk, g[ZfSnk - wkVh w'Nh beho tkj[Dh nkT[Idh n?<
- ih w/o/ ftu f;ZyD dh g{oh skes j?.
- fJjdk jZE fNfenk j'fJn? T[;skd ih, fJ;d/ xo w?I fJjd/ pDkJ/ ;e?u d/y/ B/,
rqKFh p'fbnk.
T[;skd B/ fejk - w/ok fuso pDk ;ed?I<
- s[jkvk feT[I< ;koh toeFkg dk pDk ;edK, wkJheb B/ T[so fdZsk.
- fJjB{z e?Bt; ns/ g?Bf;b d/j rqK;h.
T[;skd ns/ Fkfrod dh fJj tkoskbkg gVQ e/ w?B{z thj ;kb g[okDh xNBk :kd
nkJh. tZvk p/Nk j[;Bpho gzithI ftu gVQdk ;h, T[;d/ iwksh nk e/ dZf;nk eoB - nzeb
fJj tXhnk rkT[Id?. w?I nky fdzdk - ;ko/ Jh pZu/ rtZJhJ/ j[zd/ B/. fJe fdB T[;dh
nfXnkgek xo nk e/ g{oh rzGhosk Bkb efjD bZrh - fJ; w[ zv/ B{z fe;/ T[;skd e'b
fbikU. fJ; ftu gqfsGk j?. T[;skd itkjo bkb d/ xo b? frnk. T[;B/ fejk - w?I fJe
nbkg btKrk p/N/, eh s{z dZ; dJ/Irk fe jkow'Bhnw T[go w/ok ;k feZE/ j?< j[;Bpho B/
7

fejk - nkgK B{z ekoK, pZ;K, NoZeK dhnK nktk}K ;[DkJh d/ ojhnK jB, w?B{z T[BQK d/ ;k dk
th gsk j?. s[;hI nbkg bU. T[;skd B/ nbkg fbnk. w[ zv/ B/ j{pj{ nbkg d[jokfJnk ns/
jkow'Bhnw dh ;jh ;[o T[go T[Irb oZyh. tZvk d;thI ftu ;h, S'Nk ;[yBpho nZmthI ftu,
;e{bK d/ w[ekpb/ j'J/, tZv/ B/ ebk;heb t'eb ftu, S'N/ B/ ebk;heb fJz;No{w?IN; ftu
gzikp gZXo d/ ;'B srw/ fiZs/. T[;skd pkeo j[;?B B/ f;oK s/ jZE oZy/, fejk - fonk}
eoh ub', fonk} eofdnK i[nkB j't'r/ sK d/y'r/ s[jkvk rkT[Dk s[jkv/ s'I gfjbK i[nkB j'
ikJ/rk.
wkJheb dhnK B}oK fJXo T[Xo x[zwD bZrhnK fit/I u'ohUI nzr{o s'VB/ j'D. jZEK
dh nZyK Bkb uzrh d';sh ;h. nZX e[ gfjo pkd T[;B{z bZrk, fgS/ yb' e/ w'Y/ T[go dh
e'Jh d/y foj?. w[ zv/ B/ T[Xo d/y e/ T[;skd B{z fejk - ni/ g{oh Bh j'Jh. T[;skd B/ fejk
- b'V Jh Bh g{oh eoB dh. ;jh n?I s{z. rqK;h B/ ;jh fejk, s/ok jZE fNfenk j'fJn?.
;[De/ wkJheb B/ yZp/ jZE Bkb ;Zih ebkJh cV e/ wkD Bkb fejk - don;b fJj jZE
J/Bk w}p{s j? fe p[ssqkFh tk;s/ pfDn? T[;skd ih.
- n;hI fJE/ gZEo dk ezw BhI eod/. ozrK dk ezw f;yktKr/. s?B{z gfjb/ ;kb tk;s/
S/ w[joK d/DhnK g?DrhnK.
- w?I s[jkB{z e[M BjhI d/ ;edk ;qhwkB.
- p'BkoNh rohp BjhI, w?I ikDdK. ezw f;ZyDk j? sK pkg{ s'I g?;/ wzr.
- id'I w?I g/IfNzr dh rZb eodK, fgsk e[ZND bZr iKd?.
- id'I T[;B{z ypo fwbh fe w?I s?B{z dkyb eo fbn?, c/o wko Bk gJ/rh<
- gfjb/ ;kb S/ w[joK, d{i/ ;kb nZm s/ shi/ ;kb s[;hI fgsk B{z d; w[joK d/
fdnk eo'r/ sK pukT[ j' ikJ/rk.
- nZi sZe fJE/ fJ; soQK ed/ Bh j'fJnk, T[;skd B/ fejk.
- c/o sK w?I ezw f;Zy Jh Bh ;edk.
- mhe n?, pkg{ B{z b? e/ nk ikJhI. w/o/ tb'I dkyb j?I.
rqK;h T[;B{z fJe gk;/ b? frnk, w'Y/ s/ jZE Xo e/ j"bh d/Dh fejk, nZi ewkb j'Jh n?. s{z
nkoN ;e{b dk jo/e n;{b s'fVn?, go dkybk fwb frnk. xo tkg;h s/ dKs/ dk gZEo
dk pfDnk xo s/ uou d/fynk, ;'uD bZrk - fJBQK ebkekok dhnK T[IrbK B/ gZEo fJT[I
S{j/ ;B, fit/I e'Jh nkgDh gq/wek B{z gfjbh tko S{j/.ebkeko Bkb d/ gjkV ftu'I gZEo eZN
e/ rZv/ s/ bZdd/, fco fbnk e/ N[eV/ eod/, sokFd/, xo, uou, wfjb ns/ ftjV/ dhnK
ezXK T[;kod/. fd;dhnK fJwkosK ftu'I eJh pj[s g[okDhnK ;B.
j}koK ;kb gfjbK, d/y e/, S[j e/, ;[zx e/, T[j dZ; fdnk eod/ ;B fe fJj gZEo
fezBk e[ ;ys j?, fJ;dk ozr fezBk e[ gZek j?. froi/ d/ r[zpd tZb d/yfdnK, j}koK ;kbK
s'I cb'o?I; tk;h gqD efonk eod/ ;B - w?I fJ; r[zpd dhnK B}oK s'I T[jb/ BjhI j'tKrk.
xo g[Zik, ;[nkdb/ ykD/ dh ;[rzX nkJh. wso/Jh wK B/ fejk - s/o/ bJh nZi nfijk
;bkd pDkfJn? fe yKfdnK s/o/ w{zj ftu rhs rkD bZr/rk. wkJheb ;tys/ T[Zm e/ fsnko
j[zdk, wK th p}ko'I ykD ghD dhnK sk}hnK uh}K yohdD tk;s/ fsnko j' ojh j[zdh. g?;/
d/D bZfrnK fgsk p[V p[V eodk - s?B{z sK jo o'} wD gZeh wZSh s/ j}ko ;zso/ ukjhd/
B/. wK nkydh - s/ s/ok ;[Gkn fJj fe i/p ftu g?;/ s/ g/N ftu G[Zy jw/FK ofjD/ ukjhd/
B/.
- ;kv/ ykBdkB ftu fszB ;" ;kb s'I fe;/ B/ fJe vzr dh G[Zy BjhI d/yh, oZi e/
ykXk, gfjfBnK.
- c/o p[V p[V eoB dh eh b'V<
fgsk nkgD/ ewo/ ftu p?mk tjh yksk eo fojk ;h fe wkJheb nkT[Idk d/fynk.
id'I fes/ iKdk, fJ; ewo/ B{z fszB izdo/ wko e/ iKdk. ;'udk - w?I b/N izfwnK, ;" ;kb
gfjbK ;?IeV/ J/eV }whB s/ fezBk XB j[zdk ;h, j[D tzv do tzv ekoB d; J/eV ofj
rJh j?. w[ zv/ B/ nk e/ fgsk B{z ;bkw fejk, dZf;nk - fgsk ih w?I frobKvhU dh toeFkg
8

ftu'I nkfJnK, T[jB/ w?B{z dkyb eo fbn?. fgsk B{z bZrk fit/I w[zv/ B/ ykBdkB d/ w{zj s/
ug/V wko fdZsh j?, :kBh fe fJe fw;soh dk, w}d{o dk ezw eo/rk.
- w?I s?B{z wfjzr/ ;e{b ftu dkyb eokfJn? wkJheb sK fe tZvk j' e/ T[ZB dk eko'pko eo/I,
XB ewkJ/I, w"i eo/I. s/ok fynkb n? w?I s?B{z T[; fw;soh e'b ikD dh nkfrnk fdnKrk<
;kv/ ykBdkB d/ pzd/ jZEhI ezw Bh efonk eod/.
w[ zv/ B/ fejk - ftnki yk yk e/ fiT[D ftu eh tfvnkJh j?<
- feT[I wkVk eh n? fJ; ftu< n;hI cb'o?I; d/ ;/m jK, eo}k d/Dk ;kvh FkB j?, d[BhnK
;bkwK eodh n?.
- w/o/ ekoB ykBdkB dh fJZ}s tX/rh fgsk ih. fit/I g[oksB p[s xkfVnK B{z :kd ehsk
iKd?, fJT[I :kd eoBr/ b'e, fit/I v'B/N?b' s/ frob?IvhU dh FkB j?. fgsk B/ fejk - fJj
d't/I w}d{o ;B s/ w}d{o oj/. nkoN T[s/ ;wK popkd eoBk fJt/I j? fit/I ;'uDk fe y's/
B{z ;kpD bk e/ B[jkD Bkb T[j ;[jDk j' ikJ/rk. ;wK s/ ;kpD d'tK dk Bk;.
- w?I wo iktKrk, nkoN BjhI SZvKrk.
- tZfvnK nZr/ S'efonK dh r[;skyh ep{b BjhI j[zdh fJ; xo ftu, fJj efj e/ fgsk B/
ug/V iVB/ F[o{ eo fdZs/. u[Zg ukg BhthI gk e/ wkJheb fJT[I FKs yb'sk fojk fit/I s/}
s{ckB ;kjwD/ ikBto f;o M[ek e/ yb' iKdk j?. dkdh ekjbh ekjbh nkJh, g's/ dk f;o
pkjtK ftu b? fbnk, p'bh - gkrb j' rJ/ UI s[;hI ;ko/< fi; s'I fejVk ezw b?D?, izwD s'I
gfjbK oZp c?;bk fby fdzd?. s[;hI e"D j[zB/ U pZu/ B{z e[ZND tkb/< j[D jZE bk e/ fdykJ/
e'Jh. dkdh B/ nkgD/ g[Zso B{z fejk - feT[I yg gk oyd?I jo o'}< s/o/ e'b gzi psyK
gkbD i'r/ sK g?;/ BhI, gzi w[ zfvnk B{z fejVk tgko fdtk dJ/Irk< d; feZb/ tzvD pkd d' d'
ofj ikDr/. J/; w[ zv/ dk fdb eod? nkoN f;y/, s{z pf}d n?I pJh y's/ s/ bZd e/ T[ZB
t/udk fco/. w?B{z dZ; e'Jh coe j'fJnk< d't/I w}d{ohnK B/, fijVk i' wo}h eo/. wkJheb
j";b/ ftu j' frnk, fejk - fgsk ih w?B{z dkyb eotk e/ nkT[. T[;skd ch; BjhI bJ/rk,
;r'I s[jkB{z e[M dJ/rk. T[;B/ w/o/ jZEK dh skes d/y bJh j?.
fgsk Bow g? frnk - s/oh wo}h wkJheb. pdwkF B{z jok ;edk jK ;kX B{z BjhI.
fgsk dkyb eotk nkfJnk. frobKvhU B/ fejk - g/IfNzr dk wB'oE ;[zdosk j?, doFe dh
nZy fiZsDh j?, fJj' ;cbsk j?. e[dos s'I f;y', jo o'} ezw eo'.
fJe fdB wkJheb toeFkg ftu frnk, F[G ;t/o ejh, T[;skd dh ykw'F p/u?Bh
d/yh. :Z;{ dk fuZso pDkT[Dk ;h, B?D BeF wBg;zd d/ pD BjhI oj/.
ngq?b 16, 1488 B{z gfjbh sBykj b? e/ wkJheb p/jZd y[F j'fJnk. pkeh f;yKdo{
nkg; ftu e[M x[;o w[;o eod/ d/y/. BkBpkJh dk w[ zvk ie'g' nky fojk ;h - mhe j?, j'
ikJ/ w[ekpbk. fijVk fis/, T[j ;kfonK B{z Fkw dk fvBo dJ/. d/y' nj[ ezX d/ Bkb yb'sk
doys. ;wK j't/rk d; fwzN. S/ iD/ fsnko j' e/ p?m rJ/. wkJheb B/ g[ZfSnk - w?B{z
feT[I BjhI obkT[Dk< ie'g' B/ fejk - eh ckfJdk< fis/Irk BjhI fco w[ekpbk eoB dk eh
wsbp< wkJheb B/ fejk - fiZsK BK fiZsK, w[ekpbk eoB dh nkfrnk sK fwb/< mhe j?,
w[ zfvnK B/ fejk - nkik, p?m ik s{z th. ezw F[o{. ;ko/ i[N rJ/. fco ie'g' B/ fejk - ;wK
ysw. g?Bf;bK oZy fdT[. oZy fdshnK. ie'g' B/ ;kohnK fJe fJe eoe/ d/yhnK, id'I
wkJheb dh tkjh FhN d/yh, j?okBh Bkb efjD bZrk - r}p ! d/y' sK ;jh. fJj c;N
nkfJn?. ewkb n? pJh. ;kfonK B/ tXkJhnK fdZshnK sK T[j y[F j' frnk. j[D fynkb
nkfJnk - d' fbNo tkJhB s/ ;Zs ifDnK dk tXhnk ykDk. j'Nb d/ dotk}/ nr/ yb's/ w[ zv/
jZ; oj/ ;B. wkJheb ;wM frnk. T[; Bkb mZrh j' rJh. sBykj p'M/ ftu gJh d/ye/
w[ zfvnK B/ ;ehw xVh ;h. r[Z;/ Bkb T[;B/ rqK;h B{z fejk - w/ok T[b{ pDkfJn? s[;hI ob e/<
rqK;h jZf;nk - BftnK Bkb fJ; soQK j'fJnk Jh eod?, fJj th Nq/fBzr Jh n?. nZSk fJj
dZ; - i/ s?B{z gsk j[zdk, eh c/o s{z G?Vk ;e?u pDk d/Dk ;h<
- fpbe[b BjhI, p/FZe xkNk gJ/, w?I xNhnk ezw BjhI eoKrk edh.
- p; fco, gqtkj BjhI. y[F j'. s/o/ e'b youD tk;s/ e[ZM j? Bk, ;kv/ e'b sK
fe;/ e'b e[M j?Jh Bh, fco ;kv/ Bkb mZrh fet/I j' ;edh n?<
9

T[;skd B/ dZf;nk - f;o d/ fszB fjZ;/ B/ wkJheb. gfjbk tkb ns/ wZEk, d{ik
BZe, shik p[ZbQ s/ m'vh. jZE, gZNK d/ nZX sZe iKd/ j[zd/ B/. d't/I pkjtK c?bkT[, nkdwh dk
eZd J/Bk jh j[zdk j? ns/ nZm f;o i'V e/ fwD', fJj th nkdwh dh bzpkJh fiv/ j'Dr/.
w'w dk f;o pDkT[Dk j't/ sK gfjb'I pK; d/ shfbnK iK skoK dk co/w pDkT[, fco T[;
T[go w'w dk T[SkV ukjV'. w'w iK N?oke'Nk d/ p[ZsK ftu b/g T[go e[M fugekT[Id/ ofjDk
j? id'I fe gZEo T[go'I e[M brksko y[ouDk j[zdk j?. iBkBhnK fJBQK fj;kpK s/ g{ohnK BjhI
T[sodhnK, ;kohnK dk fi;w nZv' nZv sohe/ Bkb p/Ypk j?.
wkJheb B/ fJj iw?Noh f;yfdnK fejk - iw?Noh eZcB j?, fJe bkF fJ; iw?Noh
d/ vZp/ ftu fcZN j' ;edh j?. toeFkg ftu ;/fBZBh dh gzesh ezX s/ Nzrh j'Jh ;h -
ebkeko ezw B{z g{ik ;wM/, ykD ghD ftu ;ziw oZy/, iBkBhnK s'I d{o oj/, fJe rbsh
s[jkv/ poZF B{z nfijk eKpk S/V dJ/rh fit/I MZyV gZfsnK ftu S/V fdzdk j?. wkJheb B/
ie'g' B{z fJj gzesh ;[Dk e/ fejk - s{z jo/e jokw}drh eod?I. e'm/ tkbhnK sZe s/o/ edw
g[Zi iKd/ B/. ie'g' y{p jZf;nk - sK jh sK fezB/ fdBK s'I w?I e'Jh g/IfNzr BjhI pDkJh, w?I
T[;skd dhnK g/IfNzr} ftu eKpk BjhI S/VBk.
rqK;h Bkb fJe Fkw nk fojk ;h, wfjb d/ B/V/ GhV d/yh. s[oeh dk ;[bskB fJe
ihokc frcN eoB nkfJnk j'fJnk ;h. wkJheb B/ fejk w/ok ih eod? w?I fJ; ;ko/ e[M B{z
g/IfNzr ftu T[sko btK, wfjb dk fgS'eV, cb'o?I; dk jkew, ;[bskB, s/ }hokc fit/I ;sozi
dh gZNh ftSh j't/, fuZN/ ekb/ tor, n?I brd? fit/I frnkB ns/ nfrnkB fyZbo rJ/ j'D
go j?B nk; gk; fJe d{i/ d/.
fJe ;t/o T[j ezw s/ frnk, d/fynk T[;skd d/ N/pb T[go ekr}K dk pzvb fgnk
j?. y'fbQnk, pj[s y{p;{os ;e?u ;B. T[;B/ Beb eoB/ F[o{ eo fdZs/. S/ T[sko/ eo
u[Zfenk sK T[;skd nk frnk. rofink - fe;B/ nkfrnk fdZsh j? s?B{z T[sko/ eoB dh<
wkJheb FKs fojk, wip{s ntk} ftu fejk - S/sh f;ZyKrK, s[jkB{z e'Jh ckfJdk j'J/rk,
s[jkv/ ckfJd/ tk;s/ eo fojK. T[;skd Bow j' frnk. ty ty nkekoK d/ vze jZE ftu
cVkT[IfdnK dZf;nk fe pohe fBZp fe; tk;s/ s/ w'Nk fe; tk;s/ j[zdk j?.
- w/ok edh edh ih eodk j[zd? w?I Bzr/ wkvb fuZsoK, wkJheb B/ fejk.
- feT[I< T[;skd B/ fejk - fbpk; ftu fuZso. gkrb :{BkBh Bzr/ fuso fusod/ ;B ;kv/
fJj fotki BjhI. s?B{z gsk jh j? wB[ Zyh ;oho pdFeb j?. fJj eZgfVnK ftu Jh Yfenk
;'jDk fd;d?, Bkb/ n;hI Jh;kJhnK tk;s/ g/IfNzr eod/ nK ezioK tk;s/ BjhI. d/y, w?I fbpk;
B{z fezBh ;{yw S[j fdzdk jK, fJ;/ soQK mhe brd?.
- T[;skd ih w/ok ih eod? w?I T[; soQK pDktK fit/I oZp B/ nkdw ns/ Jht pDkJ/ ;B.
T[;B/ f;Zfynk poZF fet/I pDkT[D/ jB, feBQK feBQK ikBtoK d/ tkb ezw nkT[Id/ jB.
vze ns/ ozr nkg pDkT[ID/ jB. gbk;No fet/I gZXok eoBk j?, nZi fijVk fjZ;k nX{ok ofj
frnk, nrb/ fdB pkeh fjZ;k w[FebK yVQhnk eo/rk. nZi tkb/ ozr Bkb'I eZbQ B{z fusoB
tkb/ ozrK s'I tZy fd;Dr/, fJj yZg/ g{o/ eoB/ f;Zy/. d[gfjo t/b/ poZF s/} uZbDk ukjhdk j?
feT[Ife fJ; t/b/ rowh eoe/ gbk;No tXhe ozr ;'eh iKdk j?, ;t/o Fkw ocsko jbeh
eo fdU.
frobKvhU nkgD/ Ffjo cb'o?I; B{z XVkXV fuZso fojk ;h jkew Fkjikd/,
FkjikdhnK, wfjb, g[ikoh, nkw b'e. fejk eodk - w/ok :/o'Fbw sK w/ok cb'o?I; jh j?,
w/ok g{ik ;Eb.
fJe fdB Fw;kBxkN tZb noEh d/ fgZS/ ekotK iKdk d/fynk, ;GBK n"osK wodK d/
;c?d fbpk; d/y e/ wkJheb B/ fejk - ;zrwowo d/ s[od/ fcod/ p[Zs fezB/ ;'jD/ brd/ B/.
;G s'I gfjbk p[ZssqkF oZp j?, T[;B/ wB[Zy dk p[Zs xV e/ d; ewKvw?IN; fdZshnK. wB[Zy B/
T[j feZE/ fbyhnK< gZEo T[go. o'wB ;bsBs ftu fJe th uZi dk p[ZssqkF BjhI. ew}'o
jZEK ftu ew}'o poZF u[Zeh fcod/ B/ nkoN d/ Gr"V/. p[Zs sqkFD bJh skes ns/ ;kXBk
ukjhdh j?.
10

ie'g' jZf;nk. rqK;h B/ fejk i/ skes Bkb ebk dh fwDsh eoBh j?, fco T[j
nkdwh seV? fi;B/ tZv/ jE"V/ s/ tZvh S?Dh Bkb gjkV ftu'I ;b?p eZNh. p[ZssqkF sK fBZehnK
fBZehnK jE"VhnK s/ S?DhnK tosdk j?, fco ;[fBnko Bkb'I b[jko tZX seVk j'fJnk.
- go nkoN goc?eN j[zd? Bk< e?Bt; T[gobh ebk cb?N j?. gZEo dh ebk B{z
u[c/o/ x[zw e/ d/y ;ehdk j?. jo gkf;T[I goc?eFB fdy/rh.
i?e'g' B/ fejk - gZEo ftu'I eh eZY bUr/ s[;hI< pzdk, n"os, x'Vk, fFekoh, pZ;<
g/INo g{ok pqfjwzv fuZso ;edk j?. uzd, sko/, gjkV, doys, dfonk, g{ok Ffjo, g{oh
;ZfGnsk, ;ko/ p[Zs xkV/ p'o j' j' wo/.
wkJheb B/ fejk - g/IfNzr ysw j' ;edh j?, nZr, gkDh, f;T{Ie, X[Zg, rowh ;odh,
ozr T[vh iKd/ jB. s/ gZEo< gZEo nwo j? s/ nBzs j?. fd;dk BjhI, j}koK ;kb gfjbK
pDkJ/ o'wB p[Zs fJT[I jB fit/I nZi pDkJ/ j'D.
- wkJheb s?B{z gs? p[ZssqkFh s'I feBkok feT[I eo rJ/ jB ebkeko< rqK;h B/ fejk -
;zrwowo ns/ eK;h wfjzr/ jB, fe; e'b g?;/ jB< ozr s/ ekr} ;;s/ jB. o'Nh sK ykDh
j'Jh fe Bk<
fJe ;t/o T[j gjkVh tZb ubk frnk fiE/ fJwkosK tk;s/ gZEo d/ tZv/ N[eV/ eZN/
ik oj/ ;B. ekfwnK dk fJj ;z:[es tZvk gfotko fe;/ fprkB/ B{z nkgD/ ftu Fkwb BjhI
eodk ;h, fJE'I sZe fe ftnkj FkdhnK th nkg' ftu j' iKdhnK. wkJheb T[BQK B{z ezw
eofdnK d/ydk fojk, gZEo eZNd/ rZbK BjhI eod/ ;B, jE"V/ s/ S?DhnK, p; Ne Ne dhnK
ntk}K. ntk}K T[; B{z ;w'fjs eoB bZrhnK. gZEo xkfVnK dk tv/ok wkJheb d/ fgsk B{z
ikDdk ;h. T[;B/ w[ zv/ B{z fgnko Bkb p[bk fbnk, g[fSnk, fet/I nkfJn?I< wkJheb B/ fejk -
w/ok gZEo eZND B{z fdb eod?. p}[or B/ fejk - pj[sh nkwdB tkbk ezw sK j? BjhI
fJj, go fdb eod? sK nk ikfJnk eo. fj;kp f;o fdjkVh d/ fdnKr/.
- nZi Jh F[o{ eo fdnK<
- e[M jE Jh tNkJ/Irk, w?B{z eh jo}< eo d/j. T[;B/ ezw F[o{ ehsk sK ;ys
uNkB fit/I nkg/ Bow j[zdh ik ojh j't/ HHHH T[;B{z nkgD/ nkg T[go wkD j'fJnk. ezw eod/
B{z d/yD bJh p}[or B/V/ nkfJnk, fejk - ezw eofdnK s?F ftu BjhI nkT[Dk, s/ok Bow
fdb gZEo B{z Bow eo dJ/rk. jo/e gZEo dk nkgDk nkgDk ;[Gkn j[zd? ekek, s?B{z nk
ikJ/rk ;G e[M ;wM. fJT[I ;wMhI fit/I gZEo s/ok T[;skd j't/ s/ s{z T[;dk ftfdnkoEh.
fe;kB gF{nK B{z e[ZND bZr/ sK w{oy ;kps j[zd? Bk< gZEo ftu ndG[s ikd{ j[zd? fi; ;dek
fJ; Bkb d';sh j' iKdh j?.
d[gfjo fJe n"os o'Nh b? nkJh. wkJheb ;D/ ;kfonK B/ ykDk ykXk. fJ; n"os B/
fejk - s/oh wK w/oh ;j/bh ;h wkJheb s{z w/o/ pZfunK tKr j?I fJZE/. i' b'V j't/ wzr
bthI. id'I s/oh wK wo rJh ;h, fBe/ fij/ B{z s?B{z w?I gkfbnk. ;ko/ T[m/, p}[or nZr/ nZr/
s/ ekw/ fgZS/ fgS/ s[o gJ/. p[ZYk gZEo B{z d/y e/ efjD bZrk - fJ; T[go rw'VhnK jB,
:kBh fe fJ; ftu b'jk j?, fJj d{ik nzdo'I E'Ek j?. nkj d/y', fJj j? ;jh gZEo, fJj
efj e/ T[;B/ r?Ish Bkb u"o; beho dh fBFkBh bk e/ eZND dk fJFkok ehsk. Fkw sZe
gZEo dk tZvk u"o; N[eVk fJe gk;/ ;oek fdZsk.
nrb/ fdB wkJheb frobKvhU dh toeFkg ftu frnk. ni/ sZe :;{ dk wB
g;zd fi;w BjhI pfDnk, fezB/ ;e?u fJXo T[Xo gJ/ d/y/, mhe BjhI bZr oj/. wkJheb B/
e?Bt; s/ g?Bf;b u[Zeh, :;{ dk ;e?u pDk e/ T[;skd B{z fdykfJnk. T[;skd B/ fejk -
fJj eh pDk fdZsk< Gkoh fujok, u"V/ w'Y/, tZv/ g?o, fJj sK e'Jh w}d{o brd?, cb'o?I;
w}d{o :;{ B{z g;zd BjhI eo/rk.
- go :;{ j? Jh fw;soh ;h T[;skd ih< wkJheb B/ fejk. e[M d/o sZe T[;skd
;'udk fojk, c/o ezw bZr frnk. nyho ftu fijVh tZvh g/IfNzr froi/ bJh w[ezwb eoe/
ezX Bkb oZyh s/ f;fynkoEhnK B{z fdykJh, wkJheb B/ d/fynk - fJj sK T[jh :;{ j? fijVk
w?I pDkfJnk ;h HHH wip{s :;{. Bk T[;skd B/ fJ; pko/ e[M fejk Bk wkJheb B/. id'I
wkJheb B{z :;{, wohnw iK fe;/ ;zs dh s;tho pDkT[D tk;s/ fejk iKdk, wfonkdk d/
11

T[bN gfjbK fBot;so ;e?u pDkT[Idk fco fbpk; gfjBkT[Idk. T[; tk;s/ fJj' fJe sohek
;h. T[;skd B/ T[; B{z fJe fdB fejk - fJE/ S'eo/ petk; eo oj/ ;B fe w?B{z s/o/ Bkb
e'Jh Jhoyk j?. w{oyk ni/ s?B{z eh nkT[Id?< fJj w?I ikDdK, fJe fdB s{z w/o/ s'I nZr/
bzx/Irk.
fJe fdB rqK;h B/ wkJheb dh pKj cVh, fe;/ gk;/ b? s[fonk. pkr ftu g[Zi rJ/.
fJe pj[s y{p;{os p[Zs d/fynk, w[zvk nkgD/ g?o ftu'I ezvk eZY foj?. e[M i[nkB gZEo sqkFd/
d/y/. wkJheb B/ g[ZfSnk fJj eh j? ;G< rqK;h B/ dZf;nk, cb'o?I; d/ jkew b'o?I}' dk c?;bk
j' frnk j? fe g[oksB o'w dh so} dk p[ZssqkFh ;e{b ;Ekgs eoB?. p[ZY/ p[ZsxkV/ poN'bv'
B{z j;gskb'I gkbeh ftu fpmk e/ b? nkJ/ B/. T[;B/ f;yKdo{ w[ zv/ oZy/ B/, nkj fijV/ ezw
eo oj/ B/. T[;B/ d/fynk ew}'o ;oho tkbk poN'bv' gZr pzBQh wzih s/ p?mk jdkfJsK d/
fojk ;h.
- rqK;h, fJe ;kb w?I frobKvhU e'b bk fbnk, d' ni/ j'o pkeh B/. fuZsoekoh
tk;s/ id'I w?I pfDnk Jh Bh fco d' ;kb yokp feT[I eoK< w?B{z sK bZrd? w?I fJe ;kb th
}kfJnk jh ehsk, go T[; s'I nkfrnk fet/I btK<
- w?B{z sK nkg Bh ;[Mdk eohJ/ eh.
wkJheb dhnK nZyK Go nkJhnK - w?I gZEo tk;s/ jK rqK;h, f;oc gZEo tk;s/.
g[oksB p[Zs T[;B{z fJT[I fyZu oj/ ;B fit/I u[zpe b'j/ B{z HHHHH p/;[ZX fijk j' e/ g{oh j;os
Bkb T[j fJe fJe p[Zs d/yh frnk. b'o?I}' B/ pj[s ;ko/ p[Zs fJE/ fbnk oZy/ ;B.
nZXh oks sZe BhId BjhI nkJh HHHHHfrobKvhU s'I fet/I w[esh fwb/< e'Jh jZb BjhI.
fsnko j' e/ toeFkg tZb uZb fgnk. T[;skd BhthI gkJh nkgD/ ezw ftu wrB d/fynk,
F[G ;t/o dk itkp th BjhI fdZsk. e[M d/o pknd T[;B/ f;o T[go u[Zfenk s/ fejk - eZbQ
jkew B/ ;Zfdnk ;h w?B{z. efjzdk d' tXhnk w[ zv/ T[;d/ p[ZssqkFh d/ ;e{b tk;s/ ukjhd/ B/.
w?I th sK nkgDk eko'pko ubkT[D?, go jkew B{z BKj e"D eo ;ed?< s{z ikJ/Irk wkJheb<
- eZbQ w?I T[j ;e{b d/fynk ;qhwkB, fe;/ ikBto dhnK G[ZyhnK nZyK tKr w/ohnK
nZyK oZihnK Jh Bk.
- s/ s{z rqK;h<
- jK ih, i/ nkfrnk fwb/ sK HHH.
- mhe n?. s[jkB{z d'tK B{z w/o/ tZb'I S[ZNh. ub' pJh pkeh ezw s/ bZr'.
fJBQK d'tK dk fdb ehsk F[eokBk eohJ/, go fJ;dk wsbp rbs fBebDk ;h HHH
p/u?Bh ftu, T[bMD ftu yb's/ oj/. nkyo T[;skd B/ }[pkB y'bQh - w?I s?B{z d/y fojK
wkJheb, sz{ gZEo tk;s/ pfDn?I. N?oke'Nk ns/ w'w th s{z gZEo tKr sqkFD bZr ikB?. s/o/
pDkJ/ fuZso th nfijk gqGkt fdzd/ B/ fit/I poZF BjhI S?Dh uZbh j?. s/o/ bJh b'jk s/ gZEo
mhe jB. go :kd oZyhI s/ok gfjbk T[;skd frobKvhU j?.
d'tK B/ ndp Bkb f;o M[ekfJnk s/ pkjo nk rJ/. d't/I wkJheb d/ fgsk e'b rJ/
s/ g/IfNzr dh EK p[ZssqkFh f;ZyD dh ypo fdZsh. fgsk B/ g[ZfSnk - go fJj sK fpbe[b
nBgVQ w}d{o dk feZsk j?. bZeV sokF bJh iK gZEo, fJ; ftu eh coe< nZSk eh
sBykj fwb/rh<
- sBykj< gsk BjhI, n;hI g[ZSh BjhI.
- w?I g[ZfSnk ;h, rqK;h B/ dZf;nk - e'Jh sBykj BjhI.
- ;koh T[wo w?I jh Gko Y'Idk fcoK s/ok< w?I nkfrnk BjhI fdnKrk. jofr} BjhI.
fJj efj e/ r[Z;/ Bkb Gfonk fgsk T[m e/ ubk frnk.
pr?o nkfrnk bfJnK d'tK B/ pkr ftu ikDk, ezw f;ZyDk F[o{ eo fdZsk. T[;skd
poN'bv' fBg[zB ebkeko sK j? Jh ;h, pVk j;w[Zy ;h, ne;o T[;skd r[;?b/ j[zd/ jB, fJj
fgnkok p}[or ;h. dZf;nk, pZfuU pj[sh tko nkoN f;ykfJnK BjhI f;Zyhdk. v'B/b' w/ok
T[;skd ;h. w?I T[;dk tko; th jK, sK th w?I T[; tork BjhI, T[;B/ fJj nk; th BjhI
oZyh e'Jh T[; tork j't/. jo/e nkgD/ nkg tork j't/. s[;hI fezBk e[ gukDk j?, fJj
s[jkvh ;woEk nB[;ko j't/rk T[;skd dh ;woEk nB[;ko BjhI.
12

;ko/ iD/ ezw s/ bZr/ j'J/ ;B fe jkew b'o?I}' nkgDh Fkj}kdh ;w/s pkr ftu
nkfJnk. T[;B/ bkshBh :{BkBh dhnK d; j}ko feskpK fJeZmhnK eoe/ :'og dh gfjbh
bkfJpq/oh ;Ekgs ehsh ;h. e/tb XB d"bs okjhI BjhI, T[j cb'o?I; B{z ftfdnk, ebk ns/
;zrhs d/ y/so ftu th nwho eoB dk fJS[e ;h. G'ok j?IeV BjhI, gfjb'I T[;skd Bkb
fco f;yKdo{nk Bkb fBehnK fBehnK rZbK eoB bZrk. T[; dh Xh T[;d/ fgZS/ fgS/, s[odh
nkJh, ;[pe fijh, gsbh ezN?f;Bk. fgsk ns/ Fkjikdh B/ jo/e Bkb e'Jh Bk e'Jh rZb
ehsh, wkJheb bkfrT[I u[gukg bzx rJ/. edh d' edh fszB fdBK pkd nk iKd/. jo tko
fgsk BjhI edh e'Jh nc;o T[; Bkb j[zdk. fJe fdB wkJheb B{z fe;/ tZb'I ckbs{ ;wM e/
;[ZfNnk j'fJnk ;zrwowo dk gZEo bZG frnk, T[;B{z ukn uVQ frnk. jE"Vk, S?Dh, o/sh Bkb
ezw eofdnK n?Bk r[nku frnk, fe gsk Bk bZrk fezBk ;wK phs frnk. Bkb d/ ;G ;kEh
ik u[Ze/ ;B. okie[wkoh Nfjbdh j'Jh B/V/ nk yb'sh.
- w/ok BK wkJhebJ/ Iib' j? Fkjikdh, -- ezw eofdnK rZbK eoh frnk.
- s/ w/ok Bkw ezN?f;Bk.
Fkjikdh B/ fJe gZEo u[Ze e/ ;[zxfdnk fejk - gZeh nziho torh ;[rzX, fco fJe
j'o gZEo u[Ze e/ BZe B}dhe fbnk e/ fejk - fJ; ftu e'Jh ;[rzXh BjhI. T[;dh fJ;
joes s/ wkJheb y{p jZf;nk, e[Vh th jZ;h.
- J/Bk ;ys ezw eoe/ s{z EZedk BjhI wkJhe <
- BjhI HHHH ;r'I gZEo w?B{z skes fdzd?. fJj nkgD/ tork pDk dJ/rk w?B{z. w/o/ jZE
ftu nk e/ fJ; ftu ikB g? iKdh j?.
- w/o/ tk;s/ e'Jh uh} pDkJ/rk wkJhe<
- :ehBB. ibdh.
;ys gZEo T[go gkDh gkT[Dk ;h, fJXo T[Xo d/fynk, gkDh BjhI ;h, b'VhIdh EK
T[go E[Ze e/ orVkJh eoB bZr fgnk.
- i/ s/ok w{zj ;[Ze ikt/ wkJheb, s/ gkDh th Bk j't/, c/o <
- p[ZssqkF dk w{zj edh BjhI ;[Zfenk eodk Fkjikdh. d't/I fco jZ; gJ/. wkJheb B{z
gsk bZrk fJ; e[Vh dh BkBh s/ wK dh w"s sgfde Bkb j'Jh. fJ; dk th fJj' nzs
j't/rk, fJ; bJh fgsk T[;dk tXhe fynkb oZydk. rqK;h g/IfNzr ftu mhe ;h go gZEo dk
ezw T[;d/ t; dk Bk fojk. jkew d"o/ T[go nkfJnk sK fJj rZb ehsh. jkew B/ T[;B{z
pkr dk w?B/io fB:[es eo fdZsk sK T[j pj[s y[F j'fJnk. wkJheb B{z fJj rZb uzrh
BjhI bZrh.
fgsk wkJheb T[go toQdk ofjzdk - s/o/ Bkb d/ w[zv/ ewkJh eoB bZr gJ/. s{z
gzdoK ;kb dk j' e/ ftjbk fcod?I. ed'I ezw f;Zy ikJ/Irk<
- gsk BjhI fgsk ih.
- gsk BjhI bZrdk fJj w[zv/ izw/ eh eoB bJh B/. gzi/ fBezw/.
- fgsk ih, G[Zb ikU fe w?I y's/ s/ T[ZB t/udk fcoK.
wkJheb ;kok fdB ;ys fwjBs eodk go ni/ T[;B{z gZEo sqkFD dh nkfrnk BjhI fwbh.
p[ZsxkfVnK B{z wfjb ftu fbik e/ g[oksB p[Zs fdykJ/ iKd/, fe;/ B/ T[;B{z Bkb ikD bJh
BjhI fejk. T[;B/ rqK;h e'b rZb ehsh s/ fejk - s{z T[;skd B{z nky w?B{z th wfjb d/yD
dh nkfrnk dJ/. rqK;h B/ fejk - id'I s?B{z ekpb ;wM/rk, nkg/ G/i dJ/rk. T[;skd
poN'bv' B/ d/fynk, wkJheb B/ fJe vokfJzr s[ofrnkBh dh F?bh ftu pDkJh, u[eh, N[eV/
eoe/ ;[NfdnK fejk - bzrV/ Bkb ;kb Go s[odk oj/Irk sK s{z th bzr wkoB bZr ikJ/Irk.
fBozso ezw ftu wrB, XhoitkB, nkfrnkekoh, wkJheb d/ w'Y/ s/ jZE oZy e/
T[;skd B/ nkyo efj fdZsk - j[D gZEo S[jD dk tes nk frn?. eo d/j ezw F[o{ g[Zso.
oZp B/ fgZm fJ; eoe/ seVh pDkJh j? sK fe Gko Y' ;e/I.
fJe fdB wfjb ftu ikD dk ;Zdk fwb frnk, b'o?I}' B/ fe;kBK d/ d/ts/ ckB dk
p[Zs bZG e/ fbnKdk i' 500 ;kb g{op Jh;k t/b/ dk ;h. T[j d/yDk ;h. tZv/ dotk}/ ftu'I
bzx e/ nZr/ rJ/. d' tZv/ p[Zs nkjw' ;kjwD/ yb's/ ;B. d't/I dkT{d, fJe v'B/N?b' dk, d{ik
13

t/o'ehU (Verrocchio) dk pDkfJnk j'fJnk. nkoN r?bohnK d/y e/ wkJheb dzr ofj
frnk. nkyo ckB dk f;o (Bust) d/fynk. T[;skd B/ fejk - uzrh soQK goy fJ; B{z
wkJheb. wkJheb B/ T[; d[nkb/ eJh uZeo eZN/. s[os ekr} g?Bf;b eZYh. eJh ;e?u
pDkJ/. nkgD/ nkg B{z fejk - fJj d' j}ko ;kb g[okDk ckB j?, w?I nZi dk ckB
pDktKrk. ezw ftu wrB ;h sK gsbh ;[ohbh ntk} ;[Dh - wkJheb< fgZS/ Fkjikdh yb'sh
;h. T[;d/ wz{j'I nkgDk BK ;[D e/ ;[rzfXs j' frnk. g[ZfSnk - fezB/ fdB j' rJ/, j[D pkr
dk d"ok BjhI ehsk Fkjikdh<
- w?B{z fejk frnk ;h ni/ w";w mhe BjhI w/oh f;js bJh.
- s{z fpbe[b mhe j?I ezN?f;Bk. eJh g[ZsoK dh wK j'J/Irh d/y bJhI. jZ; gJh - s/o/
Bkb d/ w[zv/ d;d/ ;B s{z T[b{ j?, s{z sK pVk f;nkDk j?I wkJheb. w/ok fdb eodk ofjzd?
pkr ftu nkD bJh.
- pkr th s/o/ fpBK T[dk; j? Fkjikdh.
- ezw fet/I uZb foj?<
- eoh ikBk wkVk w'Nk.
- pkr ftu'I bzxfdnK w?I s?B{z d/ydh s{z u[Zg ofjzdk. i/ s{z J/Bk jh ykw'F j?I fco
nZyK s/ th gZNh pzBQ, fJj rZbK eoB'I Bh jNdhnK. d't/I jZ; gJ/, Fkjikdh B/ Bk}[e jZE
T[;d/ ;ys w'Y/ s/ oZfynk s/ fejk - uzrk wkJheb. fwjBs eo.
tkg; nk e/ ezw eoB bZrk, Fkw g? rJh ykDk yk e/ ;G ;"I rJ/. wkJheb B{z
BhId Bk nkJh. NfjbD bZrk. t/fynk, ;zrwowo dk N[eVk fgnk ;h. J/Bk e[ j?rk ;h fe
ckB dk f;o pD ;e/. fJ; B{z u[Ze e/ T[j nkgD/ ewo/ d/ fgStkV/ ftu b? nkfJnk.
T[;skd dh nkfrnk fpBK gZEo S[jD dh fJik}s BjhI ;h, go d/yh ikJ/rh. S?Dh jE"Vh
u[Zeh, oks Go ezw eodk fojk, Bk feXo/ BhId, Bk EekD, fdB t/b/ eZgV/ Bkb Ye fdzdk,
oksK B{z ezw eodk, w'wpZsh dh wZXw b'n ftu. id'I g{ok j' frnk, nkgD/ ezw eoB tkb/
w/} T[go fNek e/ nzsw S[jK d/D bZrk, gkfbF eoB bZrk. w[ezwb eoe/ T[;skd B{z
fdykJ/rk, T[;skd ni/ nkfJnk BjhI, d/fynk, jkew b'o?I}' nk foj?, wkJheb B/ nkdkp
fejk. jkew B/ g[ZfSnk - fJj eh j?<
- ih ckB, j'o eh, w/ok ckB.
- go ekek wfjb ftu fijVk ckB s{z d/y e/ nkfJn?I T[;d/ sK dkjVh ;h. s/ok
fpBK dkjVh s'I j?. dkjVh pr?o pZ[Yk BjhI bZrDk.
- feT[I BjhI bZrDk j}{o< wfjb tkb/ ckB ftu B[e; j?. dkjVh tb'I p[ZYk brd?
go dzd g{o/ jB ;ko/. w/ok ckB d/y'. pr?o dkjVh s'I p}[orh Mbedh j?, fJe dzd
T[gobk, d' j/mb/ N[ZN/ j'J/ jB.
- s/o/ e'b fJj fynkb feE'I nkT[Id/ B/<
- fiE'I jo/e ebkeko e'b nkT[Id/ B/, X[o fdb dhnK v{zxkDK ftu'I.
- ewkb dk p[Zs sqkfFnk j? s{z i[nkB, y{p, FkpkF.
nrb/ fdB T[;skd B/ nkgD/ e'b ;Zd e/ fJe ekr} cVkfJnk, j[ewBkwk ;h -
wkJheb J/Iib' wfjb ftu s[jkvh }o{os j?. - b'o?I}.
fJe tko sK vfonk th - fes/ T[;skd B/ gZEo u'oh eoB dh fFekfJs Jh Bk eo
fdZsh j't/ ! d/yh ikJ/rh. ikDk sK g?Dk Jh n?.
- fezBh T[wo j? s/oh wkJhebJ/ Iib'<
- ih gzdoK ;kb.
- T[;skd B/ s/oh pj[sh f;cs BjhI ehsh edh, nky fdzdk ;h - f;Zy foj?. f;Zy
ikJ/rk. w?I s/oh skes gSkD bJh j?. nkj cV vqkfJzr}. r}p dhnK, fJe s'I fJe
uVQdhnK.
- ih fJj w/ohnK B/<
14

- j'o ehjdhnK B/< n;hI s?B{z wfjb ftu oZy fbn?. s/o/ tork fJe th j'o BjhI
nZi. go fJj dZ;, F[jos t; iK tXhe g?;/ d/ bkbu t; ;kB{z SZv e/ ubk sK BjhI
ikJ/Irk<
wkJheb s'I e'Jh itkp Bk fdZsk frnk, rZb Jh e[M fJ; soQk dh j'Jh ;h. jkfew
B/ fgnko Bkb fejk - s{z w/o/ gfotko dk fJe w?Ipo j'J/Irk. s/ohnK ;kohnK b'VK dk Gko
w/o/ f}w/. s{z e/tb pZ[s sqkF/Irk, e/tb wkopb. w?B{z g[oksB o'w dk tko; fwb frn?. w?I
y[F jK. s/ s{z y[F BjhI wkJheb<
Sksh s/ jZE oZy e/ M[efdnK wkJheb B/ fejk - g{ok y[F. jkew B/ fejk - eZbQ B{z
nkgD/ fgsk B{z b? e/ nkJhI.
fgsk ;w/s b'o??}' ;kjwD/ wkJheb yb'sk ;h, wkDwZsk, y[F. fgsk e[M f}nkdk fBwo,
tXhe M[fenk j'fJnk. g[Zso B{z fgsk dh fJj dFk mhe BjhI bZrh. b'o?I}' B/ fgsk B{z fejk
- s[jkvk p/Nk j[D w/ok g[Zso j?, wfjb ftu oj/rk. w? I s[jkB{z th e[M d/Dk j?. dZ;' eh
fJZSk j?. fMiefdnK fMiefdnK fgsk B/ fejk - ih e;Nw dcso ftu fJe n;kwh ykbh
gJh j?, i/ fwb ikt/< b'o?I}' jZ; fgnk - F[eo n? Gok, fJj sK e[M th BjhI, s{z e[M pj[s
tZX wzr b?Idk T[j th fdzdk. ikU. e;Nw nc;o dh B"eoh eo'. d'tK B/ wkJhebJ/ Iib' d/
fujo/ s/ wk;{w ib"n dh Mbe d/yh.
tZv/ p[Zs tZb T[Irb eofdnK b'o?I}' B/ fejk - ;Zm ;kb gfjbK w/ok pkpk e';hw',
wjkB p[ZssqkF v'B/N?b' B{z fJ; wfjb ftu b? e/ nkfJnk ;h, fJE/ jh T[;B/ fJj f;oiDk
ehsh ;h.
fgsk ubk frnk, fJe nfjbeko B/ wkJheb B{z nkgD/ Bkb s[oB bJh fJFkok
ehsk. ;[jD/ ewo/ ftu g[Zi/ fiE/ T[;skd p'oN'bv' T[; d/ ;tkrs bJh yb'sk ;h - b'o?I}'
d/ wfjb ftu s[jkvk ;[nkrs j? wkJheb J/I}b'. r}p d/ gbzr s/ coBhuo, nkdw eZd
FhFk vq?f;zr N/pb T[go ;fink j'fJnk. doih w/u b?D nkfJnk. fszB fdB pkd Bt/I eZgV/
;h e/ d/ frnk. row ;{N T[go }oh dh eYkJh, y{p;{os pNB, j?N gfjB e/ FhFk d/fynk
sK bZrk fit/I eZd ns/ t}B d't/I tX rJ/ j'D. T[;B{z dZf;nk frnk - fijVk ;{N j[D
gfjfBnK j?, fJj fbpk; yk; yk; w"fenK tes gfjBDk, fJj ezw eoB t/b/ gfjBD tkb/
fbpk; jB, fJj okshI ;"D t/b/ d/. T[;skd B/ nkgDhnK s/ g[okDhnK ;G vqkfJzrK T[;d/
;g[od eo fdZshnK. nkgDk Fkjh fbpk; T[skofdnK wkJheb B/ fejk - jb tkj[zd/ x'V/
T[go e"D ehwsh g[FkeK gkJ/rk<
FkwhI vkfJfBzr jkb ftu fbikfJnk frnk, :{ F/g w/} d[nkb/ ;Zm e[o;hnK.
Fkj}kdh B/ Bkb gJh ykbh e[o;h tZb fJFkok eofdnK T[;B{z fejk - fJZXo, fJE/. uKdh d/
Ekb, ;'B/ dhnK feBkohnK, n?B ftueko ;'B/ dk c[ Zb, rtZJhJ/ s/ Fkf}zd/ nkgD/ ezw ftu
wrB. gfotko dhnK B{zjK XhnK g[ZsoK s'I fJbktk ftd/FK d/ tgkoh, ftdtkB, okid{s, jo
soQK d/ tZv/ b'eK B{z tZv/ nzvkeko EkbK ftu ykDk go'f;nk ik fojk ;h. fJe i[nkB B/
fBZeh wZSh u[Zeh, e'Jh rZb ehsh s/ o'D bZr frnk. eh j'fJnk< b'o?I}' B/ g[ZfSnk - ih w/ok
pkg{, eJh ;kb gfjbK r[nku frnk ;h. w?I fJ; wZSh B{z g[ZfSnk, - s{z fes/ d/fynk T[;B{z<
fJ;B/ fejk - w/oh sK T[wo pj[s E'VQh n? ni/, fe;/ tZvh wZSh B{z g[ZS. ;ko/ jZ;/. b'o?I} B/
fejk - mhe j?, pJh, fJj B{z tZvh wZSh fdT[ j[D. pkg{ bZGDk }o{oh j?. wkJheb T[s;[esk
Bkb d/ydk fojk. Fkj}kdh B/ dZf;nk - fJj wfjb dk w;yok j?. s?B{z Bh jk;h nkJh<
s[;hI xo ftu j;d/ BjhI edh< wkJheb B/ fejk - pj[s xZN ! i/ jZ;Dk j't/ T[; d/ j'o
Jh ekoB j[zd/ B/ fJ; soQK d/ BjhI. jkb/ w?I f;yDk th sK j? fe wfjb ftu fet/I jZ;hdk
j[zd?.
wkJheb dh pKj ftu pKj tb e/ ezN?f;Bk B/ g[ZfSnk - s?B{z gs? fgnko eh j[zd? <
wkJheb B/ fejk - pj[sk BjhI, dkdh B/ E'Vk e[ f;ykfJnk, pkeh sK fMVeK fdzd/ oj/.
- fJE/ wfjb ftu ;ko/ fJe d{i/ d/ d';s B/ wkJheb s/ c/o th e'Jh fe;/ dk
d';s BjhI. Fkj}kdh dh fJ; rZb dk wsbp gsk Bk bZrk.
15

nrb/ fdB T[;skd wfjb ftu nk e/ wkJheb B{z fwfbnk, fejk - w?I tZvk ebkeko
BjhI go Nhuo pj[s tXhnk jK. w?B{z tXhnk ebkeko fwb frn?, s?B{z tXhnk Nhuo. w?I s/o/
;ko/ tb ftzr d{o eo fdnKrk. ekohroh sK f;yDh gt/rh jh. ;kv/ ebkeko nkgD/ ;zd
th nkg pDkfJnk eod/ ;B, fejk eod/ - fijVk ;zd pDkT[D Bh ikDdk T[j p[Zs fet/I
sokF/rk< s/o/ s'I fJj Fos jNk bJh j?. pkr ftu s/oh toeFkg d/ fJe gk;/ b[jko
j'Dr/, d{i/ gk;/ soykD. s/oh b'V nB[;ko n"}ko pDBr/. rqK;h B{z nky fdZs?, i' fJE/ Bk
pD ;e/, T[;dk fJzs}kw feXo'I j'o eo/. w/oh fBrokBh ftu sqkFD dk ezw eoBk j't/rk.
w/oh fBrokBh E'VQk e[ fuo j'o j?. T[wo phs rJh j?. p; i' j' frnk eoKr/.
nrbh ;t/o T[m e/ pkr ftu wkopb pb"eK B/V/ nkfJnk sK T[; B{z fJT[I bZrk
fit/I T[; dh gkodoFh B}o gZEo nzdo dh gko j' rJh j?, gZEo nzdobh jo/e uh} dk
fdqF. gZEo d/ o/F/ fe; fdFk tb s[o oj/ jB, d/y/. jE"Vh dh jbeh N[Deko gZEo pko/
;kok e[M dZ; fdzdh.
fJe Fkw wfjb ftu ftdtkBK dh ;Gk p[bkJh rJh. fJ; B{z gb?N' nekdwh fejk
iKdk ;h. T[;skd Bkb p?m e/ d' xzN/ T[BQK dhnK rZbK g{o/ fXnkB Bkb ;[DhnK. nyho
ftu j"bh d/ e/ fejk - ;qhwkB, w?B{z fJBQK ftu'I fe;/ dh e'Jh rZb gsk BjhI bZrh. T[;skd
jZ; fgnk - fJBQK B{z fejVk wkopb sokFDh nkT[Idh n?<
T[j Ffjo d/ pkjob/ fj;/ dhnK rohp p;shnK tZb ubk iKdk. n"osK uZeh
ghIjdhnK, skDh sDdhnK, MkV{ fdzdhnK, e[o;hnK p[DdhnK, f;bkJh eYkJh eodhnK d/ydk,
Bkb Bkb nkgD/ pZu/ B{z dZ[X u[zxk ojhnK jB. fXnkB Bkb pZu/ ns/ wK d/ fujo/ d/ydk,
ekr} s/ T[skodk. fJj rohp n"osK T[jbk Bk eodhnK, p[ok Bk wBkT[IdhnK. T[;B/ w/oh
dh r'd ftu :;{ d[X u[zxdk fdykT[Dk ;h Bk. fi;w fJBQK n"osk s/ dZ[X u[zxd/ pZfunK
tkb/ j'Dr/, fujo/ T[j nkgD/ fdb ftu'I eZY/rk. ipokJhb cfoFs/ B/ id'I w/oh B{z oZp dk
;[B/jk fdZsk fe s/o/ ftu'I, e[nkoh e[Vh ftu'I pZuk g?dk j'J/rk, T[;B/ e'Jh fJsok} BjhI ehsk<
T[;B/ nfijk Bk eoB dh gqkoEBk BjhI ehsh< s/ :;{ dk eh jFo j'J/rk< w/oh d/ wzr/so
B/ FZe feT[I Bk ehsk< i/ FZe j' iKdk< i/ pZu/ B{z wK ;w/s ngBkT[D s'I BKj eo fdzdk
c/o< fJj ;kok e[M gZEo okjhI gqrN eoBk gt/rk. w/oh B{z pbtkB fdykDk g?Dk j?, :;{ dk
iBw nihp, T[;dh Fjkds nihp. fJj d' MNe/ wK d/ fujo/ T[go ;kc fd;D/ ukjhd/ jB
s/ MNe/ yk e/ FKs fd;/, ;z;ko B{z n;h; fdzdh. fJ; tk;s/ wkopb dh u'D eoBh th ;"yk
ezw BjhI, r}p dk wkopb bZGKr/, fes'I th, fizBh wo}h ehws d/Dh gt/.
ezw ftu wrB ;h, b'o?I}' dk p/Nk nkfJnk, fejk - fFeko y/vD uZbhJ/ wkJheb<
;fseko Bkb ;bkw no} ehsh s/ fejk - ezw ftu o[fMnk jK. fywk eoBk.
- ezw< ;kok fdB ezw< edh nkokw eoB B{z fdb BjhI eodk<
- ezw ftu w?B{z nkokw fwbdk j? ;qhwkB.
- go edh edkJhI fFeko dk w}k th sK b?Dk j[zd?.
- w?I wkopb dk fFekoh jK ;qhwkB.
- eh s?B{z gZEo sqkFDk ns/ fFeko y/vDk fJe' rZb brdh j?<
- i/ p[ok Bk wBkT[ sK jK, ;r'I gZEo sqkFD/ fFeko Bkb'I tXhe wB'ozie jB.
Fkj}kdh nkJh, fejk - fgSb/ wjhB/ s{z w/o/ tZv/ Gok GoikJh B{z Bkok} eo fdZsk,
GoikJh dk p[Zs BjhI sqkfFnk. nZi S'N/ B{z Bkok} eo fdZs?. w?B{z vo brd? wkJheb fes/
fJj s?B{z wfjb s'I d{o Bk eo d/D. nzdo eh eh j[zdk ofjzd? s?B{z gsk BjhI. wkJheb B{z
gsk Bk bZrk eh ej/, ;' S?Dh s/ jE"Vh dh me me s'I fpBK ezN?f;Bk B/ e[M BjhI ;[fDnk.
fJe fdB b'o?I}' B/ wkJheb B{z p[bk e/ gzikj w[joK fdzfdnK fejk - fi; d/F ftu
p[Zs d/yD ikDk j't/ ikJhI. fszB w[joK jo jcs/ dh s/oh sBykj s'I fJbktk B/. F[eokBk
eoB ;ko xo GZik, fgsk d/ w/} T[go Y/oh bk fdZsh. ;kok gfotko w{zj nZvh d/ydk fojk.
fgsk B/ fejk - fJ; Bkb gbkN yohdKr/. tZvk gbkN. S'Nk wekB th fwb ;ed?. j'o p[Zs
pDk cNkcN wkJheb. fJt/I Jh g?;/ fwbd/ ofjDr/.
16

- go fJj gbkN yohdD bJh BjhI fdZs/ fgsk ih. fJj sK w/oh ftd/F :ksok
tk;s/ B/.
- ftd/F :ksqk< T[j feT[I<
- sK fe x[zw fco e/ p[Zs d/y e/ nktK.
- x[zw', p[Zs d/y' s/ p[Zs d/y e/ tkg; nk ikU< fJj eh ezw j'fJnk< fJj sK c}{b
youh j'Jh. gbkN dh ehws tXh ikDh ;h. go ub'. w/oh sK wzBDh Bh s{z.
fgsk B/ Bk FkpkF fdZsh, Bk y[F j'fJnk, nkyo wkJheb B/ fejk - fJj s[jkv/ B/
fgsk ih. w?I ;?o ;gkNk eoB ikDk Jh Bh. i/ ikDk j'fJnk, j'o fwb ikDr/. w[joK rZb/
ftu ;[ZN e/ fgsk B/ cNkcN izdo/ dh ukph x[wk fdZsh.
gjkV dh B[Zeo ftu gZEo eZNd/ fdjkVhdkoK B{z d/yD frnk, doys j/m p?m e/ T[BQK
d/ ;e?u pDkT[D bZrk - g;hB/ ftu so, fit/I gZEo d/ p[Zs, gZEo eZNd/ j'D. d[gfjo j'Jh,
T[BQK SK ftu p?m e/ o'Nh ykXh, nkokw eoB bJh b/N rJ/, ;"I rJ/, ;[ZfsnK d/ ;e?u
pDkJ/.
fJe fdB ezN?f;Bk pkr ftu nk e/ wkJheb Bkb rZbK eoB bZrh, fejk - ;kvk
Ffjo fezBk ;[jDk j?. wkJheb B/ fejk - g{oBwkFh dh oks B{z T[uh EK s'I fezBk ;[jDk
bZrdk j?. s{z edh d/fynk< - BjhI edh BjhI. nZi FkwhI wfjb d/ fgSb/ dotk}/ tb
nktKrk, T[E'I T[uh u'Nh d/ g[Zi e/ d/yKr/. fwE/ tes s/ d't/I uVQkJh uVQB bZr/. T[uh EK s/
p?m e/ Ffjo dh ;[zdosk dk nkBzd wkDfdnK ezN?f;Bk B/ T[;dk jZE nkgD/ jZEK ftu x[ZN
fbnk. tkg; gos nkJ/.
nrbh ;t/o id'I wkJheb B{z wfjb nzdo nkT[D bJh fejk frnk, ekoB ikD
frnk. b'o?I}' rzGho d/fynk, ;bkw fgS'I wkJheb BhthI gk e/ ;kjwD/ yb' frnk.
- okshI mhe BjhI ehsk.
- w?I ;j[z yKdk jK wkbe, w?I e[M th BjhI ehsk.
- s?B{z b'eK dk gsk BjhI. jBQ/oh tKr ypo EK EK g[Zidh j?.
- go wkbe, wk;{w e[Vh ns/ w[zv/ d/ fybkc Ffjo feT[I j't/rk<
- s?B{z gsk BjhI, s{z ni/ S'Nk j?I. s{z w?B{z uzrk brdk j?I fJ; eoe/ nky fojK. ;ktXkB
ofjDk gt/rk. ezN?f;Bk itkBh tb edw oy ojh j?.
gfotko ftu'I e[M pzfdnK B/ b'o?I}' B{z fejk - wkJheb tork nkw w[ zvk Fkjh gfotko
ftu oj/, mhe BjhI. b'o?I}' B/ Xh d{o nkgD/ fe;/ foFs/dko d/ wfjb ftu G/i fdZsh.
wkJheb B{z ypo fwbh fe T[;dk gkdoh Gok fpwko j?. T[;B/ fwbDk ukfjnk sK i[nkp
fwfbnk - w'Bk;Noh (nkFow) ftu nkw pzfdnK d/ dkyb/ dh nkfrnk BjhI.
gkdoh Gok B/ fJe fdB y[d ;Zdk gZso G/fink sK nkFow ftu frnk.
-wkJheb, s{z wfjb ftu ofj e/ th wfjb dh nB?fsesk s'I pfunk j'fJnk j?I, F[eo j?.
- s?B{z w/o/ pko/ eh gs?<
- wfjb nzdo tkgodh jo/e xNBk, jo rZb dk gsk j?. ;kX{nK dh fdZp fdqFNh pqfjwzv
d/ydh j?. uzrk j? nZr/ B{z th pu e/ oj/I. ebk d/ Bkw s/ F?skB nkgD/ ezw eo fojk j?.
nkFow dk c?;bk j? fe uouK ftu p[Zs ns/ s;thoK BjhI j'DhnK ukjhdhnK, ckdo
;t'Bo'bk, b'o?I}' Bkb Bkok} j?, T[jh jo p[o/ ezw bJh f}zw/tko j?. ft;c'N j'J/rk Gok, i/
nkgD/ nkg B{z puk ;ed?I puk b?. Ffjo nZr dh bg/N ftu nkJ/rk.
- go w?I p[Zs Bk sqkF/ sK wo iktKrk<
Gok B/ T[Zso BjhI fdZsk. ubk frnk.
wkJheb, T[;skd e'b frnk, sphns mhe BjhI ;h, ezpb ftu fbgfNnk b/fNnk
j'fJnk ;h. wkJheb B/ ;jkok d/ e/ p?mk ehsk, fBZxh tkJhB dk rbk; fgbkfJnk. T[;skd
B/ fejk - wkV/ fdB nk oj/ B/. gkdohnK B/ jVd[zr wuk oZfyn?. T[BQK dh feogk ;dek i/
b'oz}' jko frnk, nkoN ;[nkj j' ikJ/rk. e/tb nkoN BjhI, g[ikohnK B{z jo uh} p[oh
bZrD bZr gJh j?. ezw ikoh oZyhI, s{z w/ok tko; j?I wkJheb. T[;skd dk nkyoh p'b.
wfjb ftu ezw eod/ e'b ezN?f;Bk nk rJh.
17

- ed'I nkJh Fkjikdh<
- eZbQ. w/ok wzrDk j' frn?. j[D/ ftnkj eoB bZr/ ;B, w;K o'e/, w?I tk;s/ gkJ/ fe ni/
w/oh T[wo xZN j?, fJe ;kb tk;s/ wzB rJ/. T[; dhnK nZyK Go nkJhnK sK wkJheb B/
nkgD/ d'tK jZEK Bkb T[; dhnK nZyK g{zMhnK, Fkjikdh B/ T[;d/ jZEK T[go nkgD/ jZE oZy
fdZs/.
- s{z ;zs[FN j? ezN?f;Bk<
- e[M t; Jh Bh. f;nk;h fj;kp feskp, i'V xNk eoe/ foFs/ i'Vd/ B/ fJE/. pzd/
d/ nkgD/ t; e[M BjhI.
gsk bZrk fe ysoBke :[ZX fSV/rk. b'o?I}' e'b XB, skes ns/ jfEnkopzd ;?Bk ;h
go g[ikohnK Bkb b'eK dh jwdodh ;h. b'o?I}' fpwko j' frnk, nkokw eoB bJh gzi whb
d{o fgzv ubk frnk. Bkb jehw ns/ gkdoh ub/ rJ/. nkoN rkovB ftu o"De Bk ojh,
e[M ebkeko, fiBQK B{z ;jh p[ZssqkFh BjhI nkT[Idh ;h, ezw SZv e/ g[ikohnK Bkb ik ob/.
e[M jcfsnK pkd wkJheb B/ ezw SZv e/ b'o?I}' dh ypo b?D tk;s/ x'Vk phfVnk, g[Zi
frnk. gkdoh gkm eo fojk ;h, jehw pKj cVh p?mk ;h. B}dhe ik e/ M[fenk, ;bkw
no} ehsh, g[fSnk - fet/I j' wkbe<
T[so fwfbnk - fit/I woB t/b/ j'Jhdk j?, T[;/ soQK. t;hns fbytkJh.
- gho' w/ok tko; j'J/rk. gho' M[e frnk. fJB;kc eohI gho'. ;ko/ b'e y[F BjhI j'fJnk,
eod/. ;jh o;s/ s/ uZbhI. cb'o?I; dhnK gozgoktK ekfJw oZyhI.
wkJheb j?okB j' frnk id'I d[FwD gkdoh ;t'Bo'bk nzdo nkfJnk.
- s[;hI w?B{z :kd ehsk w?vh;h d/ b'oz}'<
- jK ckdo. w?I s[jkB{z cb'o?I; dk ukoi fdZsk ;h, j[D nkyoh tko dh gqkoEBk s[jkB{z jh
eoBh gt/rh.
gkdoh M[fenk, pkDh gVQh, nodk; ehsh s/ ubk frnk. e[M d/o pkd b'o?I}' th
ftdk j' frnk. wkJheb o[e Bk ;fenk, T[;B{z fejVk fe;/ B/ ;Zfdnk ;h< nkg/ nkfJnk,
fe;/ B{z fpBK dZf;nK tkg; pkr tZb ubk frnk. pkr ftu thokBrh SkJh j'Jh d/yh.
BtK jkew gho', wkJheb B{z g;zd BjhI eodk ;h. wkJheb dh fJZSk ;h T[j nkgD/
;ogq;s b'o?I}' dk ftFkb ekfJnk p[Zs pDkJ/ go j[D g?;/ feE'I nkT[Dr/< Bkb/ gkdohnK B/
nZs u[Ze oZyh j?, T[j fJ; ykBdkB B{z ysw eoB s/ s[b/ j'J/ jB, nfijk j' frnk sK
FkfJd cb'o?IF Ffjo Jh SZvDk g? ikJ/. T[dk;, bZsK g;koh p?m/ B/ d/fynk, ezN?f;Bk nk ojh
;h. fujok g{ok T[dk;.
- fezB/ fdB j' rJ/ s{z wfjb ftu BjhI nkfJnk< fJE/ pkr ftu th jo o'} uZeo
bkT[Idh ojh.
- s{z ;Zfdnk j[zdk }o{o nkT[Idk ezN?f;Bk. j[D wfjb ftu w/ok e"D j?<
- w?I e'Jh fJzs}kw eoKrh.
ubh rJh. gzit/I fdB gosh. nZyK bkb ;B - w?I efj efj e/ EZe rJh, gho' e'Jh
itkp BjhI fdzdk. u[Zg eo iKd?. T[;dk BKj eoB dk fJj' sohe?.
- w?B{z gsk ;h ezN?f;Bk, w?B{z fJ;dk gfjbK jh gsk ;h.
;kb Go fJXo T[Xo GNedk fcodk fojk. T[;B{z fJe tv/oh T[wo dk nkgDk
gkdoh d';s :kd nkfJnk. T[; e'b ik e/ nkgDk jkb dZf;nk. gkdoh B/ fejk - w?I tXhe
e[M BjhI eo ;edk, ;kB{z fJE/ eokZ; ukjhdk j?. e[M fdB bk e/ eokZ; pDk d/j. uzr/ g?;/
fdtk fdnKrk. bZeV wzrtkJh, nkohnK, o/shnK uke{ nk rJ/. ezw F[o{ eo fdZsk. d[pkok
pkJhpb gVQh. id'I gfjbk feZb, fco d{ik, fco shik, fco u"Ek feZb rZv/, dod sK
j'fJnk. wzfBnk o{j pbpkB ;h, go ;oho sK ;oho j?. nkyo fynkb nkfJnk - j[D sZe
d/ eokZ;K ftu :;{ f;ZXk ;gkN bNfenk fdykfJnk frnk j?. w/o/ :;{ dk w{zj ;Zi/ gk;/
j't/rk s/ r'v/ EZb/ yZp/ gk;/. dod ekoB fJt/I j[zdk j?. fujo/ T[go d[Zy ns/ FKsh, d[Zy
ns/ fywk, d't/I T[eo/, dfJnktkB nZyK pDkJhnK. gkdoh B/ g?;/ uzr/ fdZs/, go T[;B{z T[;
eokZ; dh BthI F?bh Bkb e'Jh ;o'eko BjhI ;h, eh BtK j?, gsk BjhI.
18

fJE/ uou ftu ofj e/ fdB eNh eo fojk ;h sK fJe fdB wfjb ftu g[ZiD dk
;Zdk nkfJnk, eh ekoB j' ;edk j?< gho' w?B{z ep{b/rk jh BjhI, gZek gs?. ubk frnk.
d/fynk fe;/ dk iBw fdB wBkfJnk ik fojk j?. ;odh dh o[Zs ekoB e'fBnK ftu poc
gJh ;h. gho' w[;eok e/ s/ ezN?f;Bk ufje e/ fwbh. gho' B/ fejk - s{z w/o/ fgsk dk
g;zdhdk ebkeko jI?, nZi y[Fh d/ fJ; w"e/ s/ joe[bh; dk poc dk p[Zs pDk d/j.
wkJheb d/ fdb s/ ;ZN tZih - sK eh fJBQK B/ p/fJ}s eoB bJh p[bkfJn?< id'I jK Bk
ehsh sK ezN?f;Bk ;kjwD/ nk e/ yb' rJh - n;hI ;ko/ s/oh wZdd eoKr/, wkJheb, w/oh
p/Bsh wzB. pDk d/j. s/o/ bJh sK wkw{bh uh} j?. ;ko/ y[F j' ikDr/.
wkopb s'I pkd bZeV, bZeV s'I pkd poc, fJ; s'I pkd sK jtk ofj rJh e/tb.
jtk d/ p[Zs pDkJ/rk< go ezN?f;Bk efj ojh j?. pZu/ poc Y'D bZr gJ/, wkJheb p[Zs
pDkT[D bZr frnk. d' xzfNnK pkd tZvk joe[bh; ;kjwD/ yb'sk ;h s/ pZu/ T[;d/ nkb/
d[nkb/ BZud/ r/V/ eZY oj/ ;B.
gho' B/ fJ; pZZ[s d/ fJBkw dhnK d' ;" w[joK fdzfdnK fejk - fJE/ jh nk ik
wkJheb, s{z w/o/ fgsk dk ebkeko j?I. ;'uD bZrk - j'o eh ukok j?< gho' B{z nkoN dh
e'Jh edo BjhI, go w/ok e'Jh j'o j? th sK BjhI. d/D tk;s/ fgsk e'b rkbK, skjfBnK s'I
fpBK e[M BjhI. jK eo fdZsh. ezN?f;Bk dk ftnkj B/V/ nk fojk ;h, wfjwkB nk oj/ ;B,
rhs ;zrhs uZbdk ofjzdk. ghD ykD d/ d"o. Fkj}kdh dk ftnkj fJfsjk; ftu fJe
:kdrko pD/rk. FokpK d/ c[jko/ ubd/ d/y/. rqK;h ns/ wkJheb fJeZm/ yb's/ j}koK
wfjwkBK B{z d/yd/ oj/.
fJe fdB T[;B{z fgsk B/ xo ;Zfdnk. d[nk ;bkw j'Jh. fgsk T[; B{z T[;d/ gkdoh
Gok d/ ewo/ ftu b? frnk s/ Noze y'bQ e/ ;'B/ d/ rfjD/ o[Zr Go e/ fdykT[IfdnK g[ZfSnk
- s?B{z gs? j'D?, dZ; wkJheb, T[j vke/ wkoB bZr frn?< - BjhI fgsk ih, T[j ;t'Bko'bk
dh gftZso c"i dk egskB j?. ckdo B/ fdykt/ T[s/ gkpzdh bkJh j'Jh j?. fi; n"os d/
rfjD/ gfjB/ j'J/ fdykJh d/D, fJj e[Nd/ jB s/ rfjD/ T[sko b?Id/ jB. ckdo fJBQK B{z
;c?d cfoFs/ dZ;dk j?. fJBQK dh XkV sK ftnkj FkdhnK tkb/ xoK ftu ik tVdh j?.
- go fJj rfjD/ fJE/ feT[I jB< fgsk B/ g[ZfSnk.
- w/o/ fj;kp fJj uou dh gokgoNh j?, T[E/ d/D/ ukjhd/ ;B fgsk ih.
coK; d/ ukob; nZmt/I B/ fJNbh fiZsD bJh e{u eo fdZsk. gho' s'I o;sk wzfrnk,
T[;B/ BKj eo fdZsh. ;t'Bo'bk B/ uou ftu fJeZso j'J/ p/F[wko b'eK B{z roidh nktk}
ftu fejk - w?I dZf;nk eodk ;h gob'I nkJ/rh s/ gob'I gho' d/ ykBdkB d/ gkgK ekoB
nkJ/rh. ukob; dh shj j}ko c"i nk ojh j?. gho' e'b e/tb fJe j}ko ! gho' dh
w{oysk ;dek :[ZX j'J/rk s/ wko/ ikDr/ Ffjo d/ p/F[wko b'e. spkjh wZu/rh. b'eK B/
d/fynk, gho' fFeko y/v e/ gos fojk ;h. b'e uhe/ - cV bT[ fJ; gkgh B{z ! gho' B/
fwnkB ftu'I sbtko fyZuh, b'eK d/ gEokT[ s'I puD bJh x'Vk Gik e/ wfjb ftu tV
frnk, r/N pzd j' frnk. GhV r/N s/ nk g[Zih.
- e'Jh gho' dk f;o dJ/, uko j}ko w[joK fJBkw fdnKr/. gho' dk f;o HHHgho' dk
f;o.
gho' B/ Fokp d/ rbk; nzdo ;[ND/ F[o{ eo fdZs/. b'e dotk}k s'VB bZr/ sK
gfotko d/ ihnK ;w/s T[j fgSb/ dotk}/ ftu'I dh pkjo d"fVnk. GhV dotk}k s'V e/
nzdo bzx nkJh. wkJheb BjhI d"fVnk. FKs yb'sk fojk. ;kfonK B{z ikDdk ;h. uzr/ Gb/
;B, j[D fit/I fizB uzpV frnk j't/. wjkB p[ZsK B{z ftzBQD bZr/. T[j GZi e/ b'oz}' dh
bkfJpo/oh ftu tfVnk s/ e[zvk wko fbnk. gkrb fes/ fJXo nZr Bk bk d/D. go T[BQK B/
y}kB/ dk skbk s'V fbnk. w[joK dh b[ZN F[o{ j'Jh sK fJe d{i/ B{z e[ZND bZr gJ/. b[ZNwko
eoe/ oks gJh s'I b'e nkg' nkgD/ xoK B{z gos rJ/. sp/b/ ftu d' x'V/ yb's/ ;B, fJe
T[BQK dk oytkbk. wkJheb B/ fejk - d/ydk eh j?I< fJE/ yso?. GZi uZbhJ/. x'V/ phV.
d't/I iD/ ;tko j' e/ fBeb rJ/. Ffjo d[nkb/ tbh ezX d/ dotk}/ dk gfjo/dko th d"V
frnk ;h.
19

p'b'Bk Ffjo nzdo dkyb j'J/ sK g[bh; N[eVh B/ o'e bJ/, niBph j'< - jK
cbo?I; s'I. - ekr} fdykT[. - ekr} BjhI jB. - gzikj gzikj w[joK eZY'. - ;kv/ e'b
fJzB/ g?;/ BjhI.
- sK fco gzikj fdB i/bQ dh jtk ykT[. T[j ni/ nrbk tke efjD jh bZr/ ;B - fe
;hBhno nc;o nk frnk. fXnkB Bkb d/yfdnK wkJheb B{z g[ZfSnk - Gbk s{z p{Bko'Nh
gfotko dk BjhI< f;gkjhnK B{z fejk - T[J/ fJj cb'o?I; d/ e;Nw nc;o dk w[ zvk j?. p;
eo'. f;gkjh fgZS/ jN rJ/. nc;o B/ fejk - w?I s?B{z b'o?I}' d/ wfjb ftu fvBo tes
d/fynk ;h, nkgK e[M rZbpks th ehsh ;h.
- jK, s[;hI dZf;nk ;h p'b'Bk ftu th T[;skd p[ZssqkF jB. fJjh rZbpks ehsh ;h.
fJjh e[M d/yD tk;s/ s[jkv/ Ffjo nk g[Zik. s[;hI Bk j[zd/ p[Zs d/yD dh EK i/bQ d/yd/
fcod/.
- nZi Fkw dk ykDk w/o/ xo wkJheb. Ffjo dk uZeo bkT[ s/ ;w/I f;o e;Nw
nc;o d/ xo g[Zi ikDk.
Ffjo d/yd/ d/yd/ wfjb sZe g[Zi rJ/. T[uh EK s/ fszB wz}bh FkBdko fJwkos fe
pzdk d/yD'I Bk jN/. FkwhI e;Nw nc;o nbd'oK e'mh g[Zi/. nbd'oK B/ dZf;nk - eZbQ gho'
s/ T[;dk Gr"Vk gfotko th fJE'I dh bzfxnk ;h. ;[nkdh ykDk yk e/ rZbK eoe/ ;"D ub/
rJ/. nrbh Fkw ykD/ dk ;Zdk T[;d/ Gshi/ wkoe' B/ d/ fdZsk. Ffjo d/ tZv/ uou ftu
p[Zs sqkFfdnK pZ[sxkV/ dh w"s j' rJh, T[; tork j'o e'Jh Bk fwfbnk, nX{ok fgnk ;h.
fJ; gfotko B/ w'Nh oew s?n eotk e/ ezw fdtk fdZsk.
cb'o?I; dhnK ypoK g[idhnK ofjzdhnK ;B. ukob; B/ Ffjo ftu'I FKs bzxD tk;s/
pkoK j}ko w[joK bJhnK ;B s/ wfjb ftu nkgDh fJe c"ih N[eVh SZv frnk.
fJe fdB T[;B/ c?;bk ehsk fe ezN?f;Bk B{z fwb e/ nktK. T[;dk wfjb fJe fdB
dk g?Ivk j?. uZb fgnk. x'V/ s/ p?mk ;'udk frnk - j[D Fkj}kdh B{z BjhI :[tokDh B{z
fwbKrk. dopkB B{z nkT[D dk ekoB dZf;nk. d' pKdhnK nzdo b? rJhnK, efjD bZrhnK -
:[tokDh nZi eZbQ fwbdh BjhI, roGtsh j?. s[jkB{z nkfrnk d/ fdZsh j?. y[F j' e/ fwbh,
jZ;dh B/ fejk - s/oh rZb ;Zu j'J/rh wkJheb, w?I eJh g[ZsoK dh wK j'tKrh.
- go s{z y[F BjhI brdh :[tokDh.
- mhe j? ;G. nZi fet/I fynkb nkfJnk ezN?f;Bk B{z fwbD dk <
- s[jkB{z cb'o?I; d/ jkbks dk gsk Jh j?. s[jkv/ uu/o/ Gok gkdohnK Bkb ob rJ/
jB, T[BQK dh e"I;b pD/rh, T[jh oki eoBr/. w/o/ e'b T[BQK dk ;[B/jk nkfJnk j?, T[j w?B{z
T[jh gfjbK tkbk ezw d/D d/ fJS[Ze jB. w?I b'o?I}' wjkB dk foie ykXk j?. T[BQK dh
g/FeF gqtkB eoBk T[; ykBdkB Bkb rdkoh eoBk j't/rk.
- tkg; ik wkJhe, tkg;. w?I nkfrnk fdzdh jK. s?B{z w?vh;h ykBdkB tb'I w/o/ okjhI
nkfrnk fwb rJh j?. s/o/ Bkb fgsk dk f;nk;h ;wM"sk E'Vk ;h< s{z cb'o?I; tk;s/ j?I s/
cb'o?I; Ffjo s/o/ tk;s/. w/o/ tk;s/ BjhI fojk sK eh< s/ohnK ;'jDhnK nZyK okjhI w?I cb'o?I;
d/yKrh. nrb/ fdB ;[rksK, ;BwkBK Bkb ftdkfJrh fdZsh.
Ffjo tkg; nk frnk, wfjb ftu frnk, T[BQK B/ ;tkrs ehsk sK wkJheb B/
fejk - i/ nkfrnk j't/ sK T[E/ pkr ftu ofj btK< T[E/ tXhe ezw j't/rk, fJE/ nzdo w?I
eh eoB?< - mhe j?, fit/I wo}h, fiZE/ wo}h. p[Zs sqkFdk frnk, e[M p[Zs o'wB yohd e/ b?
rJ/. o'w ftu T[BQK dh F[jos c?bh sK T[E'I wfjb ftu'I ;Zdk gZso fwfbnk. T[BQK B/ gq/wd/tsk
feT[gv dk p[Zs pDtkT[Dk ;h. fJE'I nkfrnk b? e/ T[Xo ukb/ gk fdZs/. ekovhBb
ohnkohU d/ wfjb ftu ;tkrs j'fJnk. fonkohU B/ nc;oK B{z fejk - y[nkD fgnkD fgS'I
wfjb d/ p[Zs fdykU. d/y e/ tkg; nk e/ g[ZfSnk - fet/I bZr/<
- ndG[s BFk d/D tkb/.
- fJBQK tork j' ;ed? e[M j'o<
- fJBQK tork sK BjhI, w/o/ e'b j'o soQK dh ebk j? fijVh FkfJd s[jkB{z g;zd nk
ikJ/. i' f;Zfynk j'fJnk j?, E'VQ/ fdBK ftu fdyk fdnKrk.
20

- w?B{z s[jkvk itkp uzrk bZrk wfjwkB, fBwosk ns/ nksw-ft;tkF d't/I fJe' EK.
fJE/ ofjzfdnK T[;B/ pj[s ezw ehsk. gq/w-d/tsk (Cupid) dk tZvk p[Zs pDkfJnk,
c/o ;'wd/t (Bacchus) dk. uzrk XB fwbD bZr fgnk. ypo fwbh fe cb'o?I; dh ;oeko
B/ g[ikoh ;t'Bo'bk ns/ T[;d/ e[M u/fbnK B{z frqcsko eoe/ cK;h d/ fdZsh. tXhe yo{d
ekoB g'g B/ T[BQK B{z S/e d/D dk cstk d/ fdZsk s/ ;oeko joes ftu nk rJh.
wkJheb B/ pkJhpb ftu'I ikDBk ukfjnk, id'I fwqse :;{ B{z eqk; s'I T[sko e/ wK
w/oh d/ ;kjwD/ oZy fdZsk frnk sK T[d'I T[;B/ oZp B{z eh fejk < e[M BjhI fbfynk fwbdk.
fbfynk th fet/I iKdk< ibkd nkgDk ezw w[ek e/ ub/ rJ/. wK bkF d/ B}dhe p?mh j?.
d/yD tkbk ;[DB tkbk shik e'Jh j? Jh BjhI ;h id'I. e'Jh d/tsk BjhI T[sfonk, ipohb
th BjhI nkfJnk. fijVk oZp dk fJj ;zd/F b? e/ nkfJnk ;h - s?B{z e[nkoh B{z gZ[so
fwb/rk, fJj j[ew j?, T[;B{z sK nkT[Dk ukjhdk jh ;h. fBZe/ :;{ B{z r'd ftu fpmk b?Idh,
u[edh, s[o g?Idh, itkB g[so dh bkF B{z fet/I u[e/< t?;/, i/ T[E/ b'e j[zd/ th sK th fJ;
pko/ eh fby j[zdk< d' fi;w jB - fJe fiT[Idk, fJe fwqse. fijVh fiT[Idh j? T[j tk;st
ftu bkF pD rJh j? s/ fwqse fiT[Idk j?, fiT[Idk oj/rk.
w/oh p/FZe gzikj ;kb s'I T[go dh j?, go T[j :;{ dh wK j? Bk, e[nkoh wK, fJ;
eoe/ nX/V T[wo dh iBkBh BjhI pD ;edh. T[;dk wk;{w fujok edh BjhI Yb/rk.
brksko w/oh d/ fujo/ d/ ;e?u pDkT[Idk s/ oZd eodk. o'wB wodK n"osK B{z ezw eofdnK
fXnkB Bkb d/ydk, fi;w ns/ fujo/ fBozso e?Bt; T[go T[sod/ ofjzd/.
s/oK u"dK ;kbK dk fJe w[zvk noihIN' cb'o?IF s'I f;ckoF dk ys b? e/ nkfJnk, ezw
f;yDk ukj[zdk ;h, efjD bZrk - fszB ;kb ezw f;Zy u[Zek jK pkeh s[jkv/ e'b'I f;yKrk, w/ok
ofjD ;fjD dk s/ i/p dk youk s[jkB{z d/Dk gt/rk. wkJheb B{z nkgDk pugB :kd nk
frnk - w/o/ tork jh j? fJj. fejk - e[M fdB ezw eo fco dZ;Kr/. d' fdBK ftu
ftrV/ fsrV/ xo B{z fJ; w[zv/ B/ fiT{Idk ikrdk eo fdZsk. y{p fwjBs eodk. fJe fdB
S?Dh j/m'I fsVe e/ wkopb dk N'Nk nZy ftu ik fvZrk sK w[ zv/ dh uhe fBeb rJh.
T[;skd B/ sysg'F s/ fbNk e/ fBZx/ gkDh dhnK pE/ohnK u{bhnK wkohnK, ftnoE. ;koh
oks wkJheb T[;d/ ;ojkD/ p?mk Ne'o eodk fojk. nrbk fdB s/ oks th fBeb rJh sK
o'w dk gqf;ZX ;oiB p[bkfJnk. nkgD/ Bkb T[j fJe ep{so fbnkfJnk ;h. ep{so d/ yzG
j/m'I fJe B; eZN e/ y{B dhnK p{zdK d[ydh nZy ftu gkJhnK. Fkw B{z fJe j'o ep{so
fbnk e/ fJj' ehsk. ;t/o ;ko w[ zv/ B/ dZf;nk fe gZEoh ;oeD bZrh j?. d[gfjo t/b/
fBeb rJh. pjZso xzN/ d't/I iD/ ikrd/ oj/. id'I fpbe[b mhe j' frnk sK wkJheb B/
fejk - e[M fdB S[ZNhnK wko. EZe frn?I. w[ zvk y[Fh Bkb ufjfenk. -fJ; npkdh ftu
ikBto BjhI jB. w/ok x'V/ d/yD B{z fdb eod?. x'V/ d/y e/ nk iktKrk.
wkJheb B/ tZvk pbke sqkFDk F[o{ eo fdZsk. r'd ftu itkB fwqse g[so dk f;o
s/ T[; tZb M[fenk wK dk f;o. d[ZX u[zxkT[D tes th osk M[fenk j'fJnk fdykfJnk ;h
go T[j ;"yk fdyk fdZsk ;h. j[D tkbk ezw Gkoh j?, T[BK Gkoh fizBk itkB fi;w dk f;o,
T[BK Gkoh fizBk wohnw dk fdb. fJj ;ko/ Gko i/ p[Zs ftu Bk fdykJ/ rJ/ fco ebk
T[go bkjBs. ukj/ bZy ;e?u pDkT[D/ g?D, goc?eFB sZe g[ZiD dk ;wK nk frnk j? fJ;
bJh e'Jh ekjb BjhI.
fJe fdB fpFg T[;dk ezw d/yD nkfJnk. d/y dky e/ g[ZfSnk - e'Jh yk; w[Feb
sK BjhI nk ojh<
- pj[sh sK BjhI, go wK dh T[wo itkB :;{ s'I tXhe BjhI fd;Dh ukjhdh. T[;
T[go tes n;o BjhI eo/rk. w/oh T[go ;wK n;o BjhI eo/rk. w/oh ;w/I T[go n;ozdk}
j'J/rh. fpFg n;h;K d/ e/ ubk frnk.
ezw tXhe ;h, fizB/ e[ g?;/ fwbd/ xo G/i fdzdk. cN/ fbpk;, wzd/ jkb, pKe/
fdjkV/, T[;skd s/ Fkfrod ezw ftu bZr/ ofjzd/. eokZ; T[go :;{ B{z dod wfj;{; j'fJnk
;h. j[D wK dh r'd ftu T[; dk fujok FKs oZyDk j?. wK dk d[Zy ns/ g[Zso dh FKsh,
oZp d/ tosko/ torh fet/I j't/, gsk BjhI brdk. sK th pqfjwzv ftu e'Jh fJe;[osk sK
21

j?. p[Zs ;zg{oB j' frnk, g{ok :;{ wK d/ r'fvnK T[go. wK dk ;Zik jZE T[;d/ f;o j/m,
:;{ dhnK bZsK wK d/ yZp/ r'v/ T[go dh j/mK bNedhnK, w;hj/ dk f;o osk e[ fgS/ tZb
Ybfenk j'fJnk, wK dk f;o j/mK tZb B{z.
gkdoh B{z ypo eo fdZsh. gZEo eZND tkb/ nZm w}d{o p[bk bJ/. wekB ftu fizB/
eZgV/, ezpb ;B T[j nkb/ d[nkb/ bg/N fdZs/. o/jVk fbnKdk. pj[s ;ktXkBh Bkb p[Zs
bZfdnk, ;fji/ ;fji/ uou tZb s[o gJ/. jcd/, o[ed/, ;kj b? e/ fco s[o g?Id/. fJE'I sZe
sK mhe ;h, j[D wkopb dhnK g?Ish g"VhnK T[go uVBk gt/rk, sK eh< T[;skd, u/bk, fJe
d' j'o nkg/ wZdd bJh nk rJ/. fNekD/ s/ g[Zi e/ ;G B/ nZyK s'I g;hBk g{zfMnk. wkJheb
B/ w}d{oh d/D tk;s/ g?;/ eZY/, fe;/ B/ e'Jh g?;k Bk fbnk, jo/e B/ Sksh s/ jZE oZfynk,
M[fenk ns/ ubk frnk. pkeh ;G ub/ rJ/, wkJheb p?mk nkgDh f;oiDk d/ydk fojk.
Fkw fJe nwho i'Vk nkfJnk, p[Zs d/fynk, gq;z;k ehsh, n"os B/ fejk - U;NhB' dk
pDkfJnk j'fJn? brd?. pj[s tXhnk. wod B/ fejk - BjhI fwbkB dk T[;skd efo;N'c'o',
T[; tork e'Jh BjhI. T[;d/ jZEK ftu'I bzfxnk j? gZEo. T[BQK dhnK rZbK ;[D e/ wkJheb
nkgDh toeFkg ftu'I ;G s'I fBZeh S?Dh s/ fBZeh jE"Vh b? e/ nkfJnk. w/oh d/ d[gZN/ d/ gZb/
T[go fBe/ fBe/ nZyoK ftu fbfynk - cb'o?I; d/ wkJheb J/ Iib' p{Bko'Nh feqs.
o'w dh fvT{Nh ysw eoe/ d't/I cb'o?IF tkg; gos nkJ/. gzi ;kb d"okB Ffjo d/
B?D BeF pdb rJ/ ;B. T[iV/ ebkeko fco fJXo nkT[D bZr/. g[ikohnK B/ fijVk
B[e;kB ehsk ;h, p[Zs s'V/ ;B, g/IfNzr} ;kVhnK ;B, T[j xkNk g{ok eoBk gt/rk.
ypo fwbh fe ;skoK c[ ZN T[uk wkopb pbke ;oeko B/ FkBdko p[Zs sokFD fjs
oZfynk j'fJnk j?. fgSb/ ;fwnK ftu fbT[Bkod' d ftB;h B{z fejk frnk ;h sqkF, T[;B/
fejk - w?I g/IfNzr eoKrk. gZEo xVBk w}d{oK dk ezw j?, w?I ebkeko jK. wkJheb fJj
rZb ;[D e/ jZ; fgnk, fejk - ftz;h tZvk nkofN;N j?, T[;d/ w[ekpb/ w?I w}d{o jh jK, ;'
eoKrk fJj ezw. rtoBo ;'dohBh d/ dcso ftu frnk, tZv/ ewo/ ftu T[uh e[o;h s/
p?mk ;h.
- fet/I j' ebkeko wkJhebJ/Iib'<
- mhe jK ih. ezw nkfJnK.
- dZ;', ;[DB tk;s/ jh p?mk jK.
- s[jkv/ w'Y/ w}p{s jB ;'dohBh, seVk Gko u[e ;ed/ jB. i/ w?Bz{ wkopb dk tZvk gZEo
nbkN eo fdT[ sK FkBdko v/ftv xVKrk, n?B T[jh fijVk g[okDh fJzihb ftu j?.
- fgnko/ ebkeko, e?;o p'orhnk B/ cb'o?I; T[go jZbk eoB dk ;[B/jk G/fink. SZsh j}ko
w[joK d/ e/ T[;B{z nfijk Bk eoB bJh wBkfJnk.
- pb?ew/b, ;kc pb?ew/b, wkJheb B/ fejk.
- jK pb?ew/b j?. eohJ/ eh< fijVk jZE e[jkVh Bkb tZY e/ ;[ZND B{z fdb eodk j't/, T[j
jZE u[zwDk g? iKd?. eoBk j[zd? fJj ;G. edh g[ikoh edh je{wsK, cb'o?I; B{z b[NdhnK
T[ikVdhnK nkJhnK jB. sK th. puDk pukDK sK gt/rk. ni/ w?I sk}k sk}k pb?ew/b j'
e/ jfNnK jK. ;'uD tk;s/ E'Vk ;wK d/ fdT[. eoKrk e[M. cb'o?I; d/ t;Bhe fiT[Id/ fet/I
ofj ;ed/ B/, ftT[IsK pDk fojK.
go wkJheb nZr/ e/tb ;skoK c[ZN T[uk wkopb ;h fi; ftu'I dkT{d xVBk ;h.
T[;B/ pkJhpb gVQh. fezr} nfXnkfJ ftu ;"b (Saul), dkT{d B{z g[ZSdk j?, w[;hps g?D
tes s{z eh eodk j[zB?< dkT{d nkydk j? - w?I nkgD/ fgsk d/ gF{ ukodk j[zdk, edh e'Jh
F/o iK foZS nk e/ G/v{ B{z u[Ze e/ d"Vdk sk w?I fgZSk eodk, izrb ftu d{o sZe fgZSk, id'I
sZe T[;d/ ipkfVnK ftu'I w?I nkgDk ikBto tkg; Bk fyZu fbnkT[Idk, T[d'I sZe bVdk, F/o
j'J/ iK foZS, w?I tkY gk fdzdk.
- pkJhpb ftu J/Bk db/o j? sK fusoekoK ns/ p[Zs sqkFK B/ T[;B{z Bkie feT[I
fdykfJnk j?< wkJhebJ/ Iib' dk dkT{d pbtkB ns/ c[oshbk j't/rk.
22

gsk bZrk ezN?f;Bk ns/ T[;d/ gsh B/ fe;/ fe;kB d/ xo FoD bJh j'Jh j?. dZ;/
gs/ s/ fwbD ubk frnk. tZvk pZuk y/v fojk ;h, S'Nk S/ e[ wjhfBnK dk r'd ftu ;h.
fgnko ;fjs fwb/, tZv/ tZb fJFkok eofdnK fejk
- S/ e[ ;kb dk j' frnk j'D?<
- jK wkJheb, S/ ;kb dk.
- w?I fJ; dk nfXnkge j'tKrk, fJ; B{z wkopb sqkFDh f;yktKrk. ezN?f;Bk dk gsh fov'bch
p'fbnk - p[o/ fdBK ftu'I bzx oj/ jK, s{z ypo;ko b?D nk frnk F[eokBk wkJheb.
wkJheb B/ wkopb d/ fBe/ fBe/ fyv"D/ pZu/ B{z fds/, fejk - s/o/ BkBk d/ pkr ftu fit/I
T[;skd poN'bv' w?B{z f;ykfJnk eodk ;h w?I s?B{z gZEo sqkFD/ f;yktKrk.
fbUBkod' d ftz;h FkBdko fbpk; ftu g{oh nkeV Bkb s[odk s/ rZb eodk.
FkfJd T[; nzdobk ezgb?e; fe T[j ;oK wkbe dh Xh dh BkikfJ} n"bkd j?, nfijk e[M
eotkT[Idk j't/. go fJj ;ko/ wzBd/ ;B fe rfDs Fk;so, we?fBe; ns/ g/IfNzr dk T[j
T[;skd ;h. p[ZssqkFK pkps T[;dk B}ohnk wkVk ;h, wkJheb bJh u[GtK. wkJhebJ/ Iib' B/
fejk - T[;dhnK fNZgDhnK dk }pkBh itkp eh d/Dk, w/ok ezw itkp dJ/rk. bhUBkod' B/
fejk ;h - fijVk wkopb wkJheb B/ fbnk j? w?B{z fwb ;edk ;h. w?I w}d{oK tork ezw
eoBk Jh Bh. fJj fNgDh fJeZb/ wkJheb tk;s/ BjhI, ;ko/ p[ZssqkFK tk;s/ ngwkBiBe ;h.
j}ko feb' Gko dh ;b?p pkr ftu g[ukJh rJh. gfjbK T[;B/ 16 fJzu fwZNh dk dkT{d
pDkfJnk, B?D BeF ;jh ehs/, fJ; fBe/ wkvb d/ nkXko s/ tZv/ dh ;{os pD/rh.
ezN?f;Bk B{z Ffjo nzdo nkT[D dh nkfrnk BjhI ;h, T[j jZd d/ pkjo ofjD bZ|
gJh fiE/ wkJheb T[; d/ p/N/ B{z fBe/ fBe/ ;zd d/ e/ f;ykT[D bZrk. jcs/ d; fdBK pkd
uZeo bk nkT[Idk. fejk - fJj w[ zvk fsZyk fBeb/rk ezN?f;Bk. ezN?f;Bk p'bh - s?B{z th oZp
fJj' fijk jh g[Zso d/t/. jZ; fgnk - w/o/ tofrnK e'b xo t;kT[D dh Bk neb Bk
c[o;s, e'ok ;zfBnk;. dkT{d w/oh ;zskB j't/rk. bzwh T[wo tkbh ;zskB.
ezw eod/ e'b frbhB' nk frnk - w//o/ bkfJe e'Jh ;/tk wkJheb< wkJheb B/ fejk
- jK :ko fJe ezw s/o/ eoB tkbk j?. d' j}ko g"Iv Gko d/ wkopb j/m x[zwD tkbk
;N?Iv pDk. o"FBh tk;s/ w?B{z x[wkDk gJ/rk fJj. bZeV dh jbeh T[uh x'Vh ukjhdh j?,
gzdoK c[ ZNh. wkJheb ns/ T[;dk u/bk noi/IN' ezw ftu i[N rJ/.
rtoBo ;"doBh nkfJnk, bZrk fe ;[jDk pD foj?, uko ;" w[joK d/ frnk.
wkJheb B/ jZ; e/ fejk - T[; fdB w?I s[jkv/ e'b g?f;nK dh rZb th eoBh ;h go id'I
dk fJj ezw eoB bZrk jK, G[Zb frnK fe g?;/ th ukjhd/ B/. w?B{z c/o :kd BjhI ofjDk,
s[;hI nkg/ :kd oZfyU, nkg/ d/ ikfJnk eo'.
rtoBo s'I ypo fwbh fe fbUBkod', e?;o p'orhnk e'b ubk frnk j? s/ cb'foBk
s/ jwbk eoB bJh T[e;k foj?. ;[D e/ wkJheb B/ fejk - jokwh jh fBefbnk nkyo. sK
jh sK XBtkB j?. rZdko ns/ dbkb n?F eoBr/.
g[okDk d';s v'Bh fwbD nkfJnk, dZf;nk eko'pko mhe ub fBefbnk j?. T[;B/
g/IfNzr j'bh c/fwbh pDkT[D bJh fejk. wkJheb B/ fejk - s?B{z BjhI gsk, tfoQnK s'I w? I
poZF B{z jZE BjhI bkfJnk. - s{z id'I jZE bkJ/Irk, poZF ns/ ozr s/o/ r[bkw j' ikDr/. shj
w[joK fdnKrk. wkJheb B/ fejk - ub' mhe n?, wkopb dk Ee/tK T[skoB tk;s/ g/IN eo
btKrk go ;" w[joK s'I xZN BjhI. ;Zso s/ ;"dk j' frnk.
g/IfNzr fsnko j' rJh, i[nkB e[Vh, r'd ftu pZuk, ;Z; ;j[ok, ;w[zdo dk feBkok,
uko Bzr/ pZu/. v'Bh d/y e/ fuZbkfJnk
- fJj eh pDkfJn?< fJj w[zv/ Bzr/ feT[I pDkJ/ B/<
- ;w[zdo s'I Bjk e/ fBeb/ B/ .
- w?I fJj ezioykBk BjhI yohdDk.
- s{z fJeoko s'V Jh Bh ;edk.
- uzrk c/o, g?Ish w[joK fdnKrk. fJj w/oh g;zd dh j? Jh Bh.
23

- fJ; dk wsbp s{z tkndk s'V fdZsk< mhe j?I. w?I th nkgDk tkndk s'fVnk. fJ; dh
ehws ;Zso BjhI, j[D fJe ;" ukbh j?. fJj seoko uZb fojk ;h fe ezN?f;Bk dk ys
fwfbnk, fbfynk ;h - gsk bZrk j? j'bh c?fwbh g/IN ehsh j?. fJj w?I b?Dh j?. fe;/ j'o
B{z BjhI d/Dh.
- nkj fumh gVQ v'Bh, s/ dck j' ikj. v'Bh B/ fuZmh gVQB ;ko fJe ;" ukbh w[joK ;[ZN
fdZshnK s/ g/IfNzr u[e e/ GZi frnk, efjzdk ik fojk ;h - b'e efjzd/ B/ ebkeko p/neb
j[zd/ B/. w?B{z, ekw:kp tgkoh B{z mZr fbnk fJ; pdwkF B/. wkJheb B/ ;[oyo{ j' e/ fejk
- ezN?f;Bk tk;s/ j'o pDk fdnKr/.
nkyo dkT{d w[ezwb j' frnk. bZeV d/ co/w ftu oZf;nK Bkb B{fVnk sK fe fe;/
gk;/ ;ZN Bk tZi ikJ/. fJe whb dh d{oh s/ fbikD tk;s/ g{o/ uko fdB bZr/. ;kok Ffjo
i'F Bkb d/ydk fojk. gzithI ;t/o wkJheb p[Zs e'b frnk, co/w T[go ;?IeV/ ekr} bNed/
d/y/, gVQ/ - s{z ;kB{z ;kvk ;BwkB d/ fdZsk wkJhebJ/ Iib'. cb'o?I; B{z s/o/ T[s/ wkD j?
wkJheb. e/jk FkBdko wB[Zy xfVn? wkJheb . nkfde nkfde.
fJe fbys ikDh gSkDh d/yh, fbfynk ;h - cb'o?I; tk;s/ fijVk w/o/ fgsk B/ ;[cBk
fbnk ;h, T[j g{ok j' frnk wkJheb J/Iib' -ezN?f;Bk. j}koK nZyK d/ e/Ido d' ;B, dkT{d
ns/ wkJheb. ;N/N tb'I n?bkB ehsk frnk fe wkJheb d/ ofjD tk;s/ wekB fsnko ehsk
ikJ/rk. XVk XV ezw d/ nkovo fwbD bZr/.
xo fsnko j' frnk. ;[yh tZ;D dh n;h; d/D tk;s/ gkdoh nkfJnk. wohnw dh
s;tho ;kjwD/ r'v/ N/e/, fco yVQk j'fJnk, d't/I jZE wkJheb d/ w'fYnK s/ oZy e/ fejk -
fi; pzd/ dk fdb wk;{w BjhI, gftZso BjhI, T[j fJj' fijh wohnw pDk Jh Bh ;edk. fJj
s/ok fdb j? ezX T[go wkJheb J/Iib'. n;h;K d/ e/ ubk frnk.
gfjbK ypo ;[Dh fe fbUBkod' B{z cb'o?I; uou dh nZXh ezX T[go pkJhpb ftub/
fJe g[oksB :[ZX dh g/IfNzr eoB bJh d; j}ko w[joK fdZshnK rJhnK jB. fco ypo
;[Dh fe g/IfNzr doFeK bJh y'bQ fdZsh j?, fe d[BhnK d/y d/y gkrb j' ojh j?. wkJheb
d/yD tk;s/ ubk frnkHH fBofttkd, d[BhnK dh ;G s'I ;'jDh g/IfNzr, xw;kB dk :[ ZX, }ywh
x'V/HHH. T[;d/ fdb ftu d[y ns/ Jhoyk d't/I ikr/HHHHHHeh j[D fbUBkod' jho' j't/rk<
rtoBo e'b ubk frnk - ;qhwkB T[; ezX d/ ;kjwD/ tkbh ezX dk nZX w?B{z fdU. nZXh
ezX s/ d; j}ko w[joK dk gqpzX eo'.
- go s{z nkg nkydk j[zdk ;?I wkJheb fe s/ok jZE g/IN bJh BjhI wkopb bJh
pfDnk j?. j[D s?B{z eh j'fJn?< pZfunK tKr f}ZdK BjhI eohdhnK, s{z wkopb dk T[;skd j?I,
bhUBkod' poZF dk.
- BjhI, w?I poZF dk th Uvk jh T[;skd jK fiZvk wkopb dk. fJj d/yfdnK fe
n"y/ ezw B{z gfjb d/Dh ukjhdh j? w?I sqkFh F[o{ ehsh ;h. fJ; dk noE fJj BjhI fe w?I
g/INo BjhI. fJjh ;kps eoBk j? fe w?I ;G e[M jK. ub' fJj ;wM bU fe w[ekpbk j'
frnk.
- d/y wkJheb s{z wkopb dk gfjbK jh tXhe ezw jZE ftu b? p?mK jI?. s/ok fdwkr feT[I
yokp j' frnk ykjwykj.
- fdwkr ;jh j' frnk w/ok. w?I gfjbK F[o{ ehsk j'fJnk ezw w[ek e/ g/IN eoKrk. nZi sK
w?I f;oc nkgDh nZXh ezX fo}ot eotkT[D tk;s/ nkfJnK.
- mhe j?HHmhe j?HHHd/yKr/ eh pDd?. wkJheb p}ko ubk frnk, tX s'I tX bzp/ u"V/ ekr}
dh fijVh FhN fwbh, yohdh, ozr s/ poZF yohd/. ;kok ;wkB u[etk e/ rtoBo d/ xo b?
frnk. ezX d/ pkjob/ gk;/ ekr} fugek e/ g/IN eoB bZrk. g[okD/ ;w/I gh;k dh c"i B/
cb'o?I; T[go jZbk eo fdZsk ;h. wkoB' dfonk ftu ;?fBe Bjk oj/ ;B, e[M feBkfonk s/
b/N/ nokw eo oj/ ;B fe Gid"V wu rJh. o"bk g? frnk fe gh;k dh c"i uVQ nkJh j?.
pj[s/ c"ih eZgV/ th BjhI gfjB ;e/. eZgfVnK tZb ikD dh EK T[BQK B/ jfEnko u[Ze/ s/
x'fVnK s/ ;tko j' e/ Bzr/ fi;wK Bkb bV/, gh;k B{z jko j'Jh. cb'o?I; B{z fJ; fiZs dk
jw/FK cyo fojk j?. wkJheb B/ g/IfNzr w[ezwb eo fdZsh. rtoBo B{z efjD bZrk, w/ok
24

oc ezw d/y' ;qhwkB. rtoBo nkfJnk - d/fynk, dzr ofj frnk - fJj j'Jh Bk w/oh
cb'o?I; dh FkB. r}p. w?I s/o/ Bkb fdb Ykj{ rZbK ehshnK wkJheb, fywk eohI. s{z jo
EK bkfw;kb j?I. e/tb fszB fdBK ftu fJj e[M. fe;/ soQK th dkT{d s'I xZN ebk BjhI.
s?B{z nZXh ezX fwb rJh. y[F oj'.
fszB wjhfBnK ftu uou dh nZXh ezX ozr fdZsh, fejk w?B{z e/tb fszB j}ko d/
fdU, Bkw oZfynk, BjkT[Id/ f;gkjh- gfjb'I gkDh ftu BjkJ/ fco y{B ftu. tzrko, vo,
nksze, bkukorh, wodkBrh, j?okBh, spkjh, fti?, ;ko/ d/ ;ko/ i}p/ w[ezwb. d[BhnK d/yD
tk;s/ T[wv nkJh. wkJheb B/ fejk - fJj ezw sK r[Z;/ ns/ Jhoyk dh g?dktko j?,
fbT{Bkod' dk ftz;h d/y/rk w/ok poZF fet/I uZbdk j?, ni/ th w?I ikDdk jK p[ZssqkFh s'I Gr"V/
ebkeko poZF u[Zed/ jB, go id'I }wkBk fJj' wzr eo foj? fco eh eohJ/. b'o?I}' B/ fijVk
;e{b nkc nkoN F[o{ ehsk ;h, T[j w[V ;[oihs eoe/ wkJheb B{z vkfJo?eNo Ekg fdZsk
frnk.
g'g tb'I o'w nkT[D dk ;Zdk fwfbnk. gZso b? e/ rtoBo e'b ubk frnk, fejk -
w?I BjhI ikDk T[E/. w/o/ fJE/ tkb/ ezw gSV ikDr/. rtoBo B/ fejk - g'g dk nkyk BjhI
w'V ;ed/. cb'o?I; f;nk;h s"o s/ w[;hps ftu g? ikJ/rk. ikDk gJ/rk. fJE'I tkb/ m/fenK
dh fwnkd tXk fdnKr/. s/oh tkg;h sZe s/ok xo w[ezwb j' ikt/rk.
gZso b? e/ o'w g[Zik, g'g d/ wfjb ftu frnk. nB/e ekovhBb fpFg, ;eZso,
rtoBo, okid{s rZb eoB tk;s/ tkoh dh T[vhe eo oj/ ;B. T[u/ f;zxk;B T[s/
fpokiwkB ;h. wkJheb B/ ;Zdk gZso G/fink sK s[os p[bk fbnk. ik e/ ;fseko ti'I
M[fenk, g'g B/ fejk
- w?I s/oh fJ; o'w ftu pDkJh wohnw dh w{osh d/yh. s{z w/ok wepok pDk.
- fe; soQK dk ;qhwkB< w?B{z osk ;wMk fdU.
- eK;h mhe oj/rh. eK;h T[go ejkDhnK tZX s'I tZX fusohnK ik ;edhnK jB. iBw s'I
b? e/ j[D sZe w/oh s/ w/o/ gfotko dh ejkDh eK;h dh gZNh s/ fuZso. wkJheb u[Zg fojk,
;'udk fojk - ejkDhnK gkT[DhnK GzvK dk ezw j[zd? fJj w?B{z Gzv ;wMd?<
T[;B/ g'g dk iBw ;EkB d/fynk, gfotko B{z fwfbnk. fco epo;skB d/fynk fiE/
92 g'g gfjbK dcBkJ/ ik u[Ze/ ;B, fJj 93tK j'J/rk. SZsh c[ ZN bzwk, s/Jh c[ ZN u"Vk, shj
c[ ZN T[uk, fszB wz}bK T[go r[zpd. wkopb T[go eK;h dh gZNh. coF s'I J/Bh e[ T[uh fe
ejkDhnK d/yhnK ik ;eD. mhe j?. T[go r[zpd d/ nzdob/ gk;/ g[oksB s/ BthI pkJhpb
dhnK g/IfNzr} eoKr/ s/ gZNh T[go g'g. g'g dk J/i?IN i?e'g' Bkb Bkb fcodk g[ZS fojk ;h
- nkdw s/ Jht e"D pDkJ/rk< s/ yzGK tkb/ cfoFs/< cfoFs/ fijV/ g'g dk skp{s u[Ze e/
;{oi tZb T[vd/ iKd/ fd;D, e"D eo/rk fJj J/B/ ezw< fezB/ e[ ekohroK dh b'V gt/rh<
fezBk ;wK bZr/rk<
ekBz{B-dksk w{;k wod dh ;zg{oBsk dk gqshfBZX gfjbh wz}b d/ fJe e'B/ ftu
fdykJ/rk. ;kjwD/ ;zs gkb, uou dk fBowksk. wkopb yohd fbnKdh. ezw eoh ik foj?,
BeF/ pDkJh iKd?, g'g B/ fJe g?;k BjhI fdsk ni/. g'g B{z fwbD frnk s/ g?f;nK dh rZb
ehsh. g'g B/ fejk - ysw, ;G :'iBktK ysw. w?B{z f;nkfDnK B/ dZ; fdZs? fe ihT[Id/ ihn
nkgDk wepok nkg Bh pDkJhdk, fJj pdFrBh j[zdh n?. T[dk; wkJheb tkg; s[o fgnk,
o'wBk pko/ w[jktok :kd nkfJnk - o'w d/yD frnk pzdk, w{oysk ftu o'w ofjz/d/ pzd/ Bkb'I
fet/I nZr/ bzx ;edk j?<
nkT[D s'I gfjbK g'g B{z ys fbfynk - nfsnzs ;fsekfos fgsk, s[jkv/ j[ew ;dek
w?B{z wfjb ftu'I pkjo XZe fdZsk frnk, fJ; eoe/ edh w/oh }o{os gt/ sK w?I o'w s'I pkjo
fwbKrk.
x'V/ s/ ;tko j' e/ cb'o?I; tZb ukb/ gk fdZs/. oks gJh, ;oK ftu ;"I frnk. ;t/o/
nrb/ ;co bJh fsnko j' frnk sK x'fVnK dhnK NZkgK dh nktk} ;[Dh. g'rhpz;h gzi x'V
;tkoK ;w/s ;kjwD/ d/fynk.
- fet/I g'rhpz;h< feXo uZfbn?<
25

- p; fJE/ s/o/ sZe. g'g B{z gsk j? nkgK fwZso jK, w?B{z fej? s?B{z g/F eoK.
- feT[I< w/ok wsbp Jh Bh g'g Bkb e'Jh. w?I BjhI ikD.
- frqcsko eo bJhJ/ ;qhwkB< rkod B/ g[ZfSnk.
- BjhI g'g dk j[ew j? ;ysh BjhI eoBh. wkJheb, g'g B{z s/oh fuZmh mhe BjhI bZrh, p;
fywk ikuBk eo b?, ;G mhe. T[j s?B{z wkc eoB dk fJS[Ze j?.
- dck j' ikT[ ;ko/ g'g ;D/. w?I BjhI iKdk.
T[j tkg; ub/ rJ/, wkJheb cb'o?I; nk g[Zik. e[M fdBK pkd rtoBo dk ;Zdk
fwfbnk, frnk. rtoBo e'b g'g dk gZso nkfJnk j'fJnk ;h, j[ew ;h wkJheb B{z g/F
eo'. wkJheb B/ fejk - w/oh p/fJ}sh j'Jh j? T[E/, fywk w/o/ s'I g'g wzr/rk. rtoBo B/
fejk - s?F ftu Bk nk wkJheb. cb'o?I; s/ eo'gh nk ;edh j? s/o/ eo'X ekoB. FfjohnK
B{z fJj ypoK gsk jB. wkJheb r[Z;/ ftu pkjo nk frnk. nkgD/ xo tb ik fojk ;h
sK d/fynk b'e, ;bkw eoB dh EK T[; tb'I w{zj w'V b?Id/ jB. d' jcs/ bzx rJ/.
rtoBo jkT{; ftu'I fco ;Zdk fwfbnk. rtoBo B/ dZf;nk - w?I gZso ftu s/ohnK f;csK
eoB fgS'I fbfynk ;h fe cb'o?I; T[; T[go ikB fBSkto eodk j?, T[j tZvk ebkeko j?
fi; dk ;BwkB j'Dk }o{oh j?, T[j ;kvh ;ZfGnsk dk B[wkfJzdk j?. g'g B/ itkp ftu nkj
ys G/fink j?. wkJheb B/ ys gVQBk F[o{ eo fdZsk.
- p[Zs sqkF wkJheb J/Iib' n?t/I Bok} j' e/ ubk frnk j?. n;hI T[;B{z tkg; nk e/ fwbD
d/ ;[B/j/ G/i/, T[;B/ wzB/ BjhI, FkfJd T[;B{z brdk j't/ fe n;hI T[; Bkb Bok} jK. ;kB{z
T[; nzdobh gqfsGk dk gsk j? s/ n;hI T[;d/ ekfJb jK. T[; B{z ;kv/ e'b G/i', T[;dk
fdb d[ykT[D dk fJokdk BjhI, T[; T[go o[jkBh pyfF; eoB dh wBFk j?. - g'g.
rtoBo B/ fejk - ni/ th s;Zbh BjhI j'Jh<
- BjhI. s[oeh d/ ;[bskB B/ ;Zdk gZso G/fink j?. s[oeh iktKrk. w?B{z fJBQK gkyzvhnK dh
e'Jh gotkj BjhI.
- s?B{z ikDk gt/rk wkJheb.
- i/ Bk iktK<
- s?B{z ;t'Bo'bk tKr S/e fdZsk ikJ/rk. s/o/ ;ko/ m/e/ oZd.
- s/ fco T[; tkr{z Ykj/ bk e/ bkF d/ N'N/ eoe/ nZr ftu<
- jK fJt/I j[zdk nkfJn?. s{z cb'o?I; B{z ;zeN ftu Bk gk. d[BhnK T[go g'g dk oki j?.
pkeh oki/ sK BK d/ jh B/.
rtoBo B/ wkJheb dh T[;ss ftu g'g B{z fbfynk BtK ys fdykfJnk - wkJheb
s[jkB{z fwbD nkJ/rk g{iBhe fgsk. fgnko Bkb fJ; wjkB pzd/ s'I i' wo}h eotk bU.
wjkBsk i/ fgnko dh wzr eo/ sd T[; ftu'I eh rbs<
d[yh wB Bkb o'w tZb s[o fgnk. w[bkekshnK tkb/ jkb ftu ik p?mk. tkoh nkJh
sK o;w nB[;ko B}dhe ik e/ r'fvnK s/ M[eDk s/ g'g dh w[zdoh B{z u[zwDk j[zdk j?.
nfijk eoB dh EK s/ yb'fsnK fejk - j'bh ckdo, o'w ftu s[jkv/ tZb'I w/o/ Bkb i'
toskU ehsk frnk w?B{z T[;dh T[whd BjhI ;h.
fJe gkdoh cNkcN yVQk j' e/ efjD bZrk - j'bh ckdo, ebkekoK tZb BowkJh
mhe ofjzdh j?. fJBQK B{z T[u gZXo d/ ekfJfdnK, ;bhe/ dk e'Jh gsk BjhI j[zdk.
r[Z;/ Bkb roifdnK g'g B/ fejk - ekfJd/ s/ ;bhe/ don;b s?B{z f;ZyD/ g?Dr/. i'
fJ;B/ f;Zfynk j'fJn? s{z ;" iBwK ftu BjhI f;Zy ;edk. w?I fJ;B{z fJE/ fJ; bJh BjhI
p[bkfJnk fe ;bhek f;Zy/, fJ; bJh p[bkfJnk j? fe fJ; B{z fwbD ftu ;kvh FkB j?. n?B/
fdB feT[I bkJ/, wkJhebJ/Iib'< n;hI p/skph Bkb T[vhed/ oj/. s[jkvk ;[nkrs j?. y}kBuh,
fJj ;kvk wfjwkB j?, fynkb oZyhI. e'Jh s'N Bk oj/.
tkg; cb'o?I; nkfJnk sk rtoBo B/ dZf;nk - w/o/ e'b s/o/ nkT[D s'I gfjbK g'g
dk ys nk frnk. y[F n?. fe;/ B/ dZf;nk, g'g nkydk ;h - fJzBk }'o g/o{rhnk s/ p'b'Bk
fonk;sK B{z fiZsD t/b/ BjhI bZrk ;h fizBk fJ; p[Zs sqkF B/ btk fdZsk.
- go w?B{z fJj ;kok swkFk p/s[ek bZrk ;qhwkB. eh coe fgn?<
26

- coe< fJe pzdk g'g dk j[ew Bk wzB/ ! tkj, s?B{z fJBQK rZbK ftu coe dk gsk BjhI<
fes/ jBQ/oh uZb gt/ sK s/o/ fJeZb/ eoe/ g'g dh rZdh ik ;edh j?. g'g esb j' ;ed?,
s?B{z f;nk;s dk eh gsk. s{z th pu frnk s/ g'g th. g'g fybkc Bcos }'o cV ojh j?.
cb'o?IF dk Bkrfoe g'g dh p/fJ}sh eo d/t/, cb'o?I; T[go c"iK uVQ ;edhnK ;B. w/oh
BhId jokw j'Jh ojh fezB/ jcs/. j[D nkgD/ xo ikj. w[ezwb eotk fds?. nkokw Bkb
ezw eo. fe;/ B/ dotk}k yVekfJnk. wkJheb B/ nc;o ns/ f;gkjh d/y/. g'g dh Nk;e
c'o;. - j[D e'Jh j'o fJb}kw bZrk< wsbp fe frqcskoh< nc;o jZ; fgnk - s{z jo
tes p/fJ}sh dh T[whd feT[I eodk j[zB?< c/o fejk - g'g s?Bz{ fgnko eodk j?, efjzdk
jz[d?, w/ok r[DhI g[Zso, j? sK ftrfVnk j'fJnk go uZb', gfotko ftu eJh soQK d/ ihn j[zd/
B/. T[;B/ w?B{z fJj efj e/ G/fink j? fe fe;/ th rZb ;edk wkJhebJ/ Iib' d/ fdb s/ ;ZN
bZrh j't/ sK w? I fywk ikue jK. wkJheb B/ fejk -Fo/nkw p/fJ}sh eoB fgS'I fJT[I fe;/
okjhI S[g e/ ehsh fywk ikuBk dk eh noE< nc;o B/ fejk - d[BhnK pj[s S'Nh j?
;qhwkB. fJE/ e'Jh rZb S[gh BjhI ofjzdh.
coK; dh ;N/N B/ g'g d/ j[ew BjhI wzB/. g'g B/ ;pe f;ykT[D bJh coK; T[go
jwbk eo fdZsk. xw;kB dk :[ZX j'fJnk. coK;h;hnK B/ g'g dh ;?Bk yd/V fdZsh, x'V/,
n;bk ;G e[M b[Nk e/ jkfonk g'g tkg; gofsnk. wkJheb B{z fJ; rZb dk eh ;o'eko<
T[;B{z d[Zy e/tb fJ; eoe/ j'fJnk fe ;tk ;kb dh fwjBs Bkb T[;B/ g'g dk eK;h dk
p[Zs pDkfJnk ;h, T[;B{z Ykb e/ s'g pDkJh rJh, s'g dk BK th g'g d/ BK T[go i{bhn;
oZfynk frnk.
fJ; jko d/ ;dw/ B{z pj[sk ;wK podkFs Bk eo ;eD ;dek i{bhn; dh w"s j'
rJh. Bt/I g'g bhU d;t/I dh skig'Fh j'Jh, iFB d"okB gkdohnK B/ doFeK T[go w[joK dh
pkoF ehsh. sk}g'Fh fgS'I tkg; gosfdnK T[;B/ nkgD/ eohphnK B{z fejk - pugB d/
w[Yb/ ;kbK ftu w?I ns/ wkJhebJ/ Iib' iwksh oj/ jK. T[;B/ nkgD/ ;bkjekoK s/ y}kBuhnK
B{z fejk - wkJheb B{z fwb'. T[;B{z ej' i' g/IN eoBk ukj[zdk j?, fiE/ eoBk ukj[zdk j? eo/,
T[;B{z g?;/ ns/ tes dh szrh BjhI j'Dh ukjhdh. wkJheb tXkJh d/D tk;s/ frnk sK g'g
B/ wk;No nkc dk tobv dh T[gkXh Bkb ;BwkfBs eofdnK fejk - w/ok g{oti i{bhn;
izrK T[go XB youD dk F"ehB ;h, w?I :[ ZX d/ fybkc jK. w?I nkoN T[go you eoKrk.
ypo fwbh fe cb'o?I; ftu fbUBkod' nihp gq:'r eo fojk j?. p[ZM/ j'J/ gjkVK dhnK yZvK
ns/ r'bkJhnK B{z sqkF e/ T[j T[seb s/ ntsb b?B}K dk gqGkt fdzdhnK g/IfNzr} eo/rk.
T[;B/ feZbK dh EK s/ g/uK dh ekY eZYh j? i' eokwks s'I xZN BjhI. eZN/ doys d/ sD/ d/
o/F/ d/ x/o/ frD e/ T[j dZ; ;edk j? fJ;dh T[wo fezB/ ;kb j?. fJj ;[D e/ wkJheb
nkydk - T[j fezBk uzrk g/INo j? g/IN eo/, c}{b uh}K wro nkgDh skes }kfJnk Bk eo/.
ezN?f;Bk B{z cb'o?I; ftu ofjD dh nkfrnk fwb rJh go T[;dh f;js fBozso
ftrVdh rJh. T[;B/ wkJheb B{z fwbD tk;s/ ;Zdk G/fink. ;odh BjhI ;h, sK th ezpb
ftu fbgNh gJh ;h, ew}'o pkjK, ghbk fujok, B/V/ p?mD dk fJFkok ehsk, wkJheb B/
ew}'o jZE nkgD/ jZE ftu b? fbnk, p'bh - gfjbh tko pkr ftu fwb/ ;K, w?I g[ZfSnk ;h
J/Bk ezw EekT[Idk BjhI wkJheb<
- w?I fejk ;h BjhI, gZEo w?Bz{ Fesh fdzdk j?.
- w?I fejk ;h id'I s{z B/V/ j[zB?, w?I skesto j' ikBh nK.
- w?I fejk ;h s?B{z B/V/ d/y e/ w?I xpok ikBk.
- id'I ;kfonK dk fynkb ;h w/oh T[wo pj[sh BjhI, e/tb s{z fejk ;h w/oh bzwh
T[wo j't/rh, w/o/ eJh g[Zso j'Dr/.
wkJheb B/ T[;dh rZbQ EgEgke/ fejk - w?I s?B{z fgnko ehsk. ezN?f;Bk.
- w?I th s?B{z fgnko eodh ojh wkJheb. w/o/ pZu/ s/o/ d';s j'Dr/. fJj nkyD
fgS'I T[;B{z ipod;s yzx fSV rJh, d{i/ gk;/ w{zj eo fbnk. wkJheb nbftdk nky e/
tkg; s[o fgnk. e[M fdBK pkd w"s dh ypo fwbh.
27

Bt/I g'g B/ NeokU dh f;nk;s BjhI ehsh. wkJheb d/ gfotko dh wkfJe wZdd
ehsh. wkofNB b{Eo, g'g B{z tzrko fojk ;h, - :;{ w;hj s'I fpBK n;kvk e'Jh Xowr[o{
BjhI j?. d{i/ gk;/ w?ektbh nkgDk rqzE *d fgqz;, ou fojk ;h. cb'o?I; d/ fJfsjk; T[go
T[;dk gfVQnk g/go ;[DB tkfbnK ftu wkJhebJ/ Iib' th ;h. fJBQK jh ;fwnK ftu r[o{
BkBe d/t ih J/Fhnk d/ d"o/ T[go s[o/ j'J/ ;B. fJj :'og ns/ J/Fhnk d/ g[Bo-ikroD dk
ekb ;h.
90 ;kb dh T[wo fpsk e/ fgsk ;z;ko SZvD s'I gfjbK wkJheb B{z fJj efj e/
frnk - w?I gfotko ftu J/ek oZfynk. j[D s{z nkgD/ GoktK dh wZdd eodk ojhI. uko/
BkbkfJe GoktK dh wdd T[j eodk jh fojk, nkgD/ nkg dh ;ko sK edh bJh jh BjhI.
id'I GoktK B/ fejk - ;kv/ s'I w}d{oh BjhI ehsh iKdh, sK T[ZB dk F'n o{w yohd e/ d/
fdZsk. fJ; eko'pko ftu th T[j ekw:kp Bk j'J/. wkJheb y[F ;h, fgsk dh fJZSk ;h fe
p'Bko'Nh ykBdkB dk Bkw T[uk j't/, fJZSk g{oh j'Jh.
id'I g'g ebhw? IN ;Zst/I dh w"s j'Jh T[d'I cb'o?I; dk jkew nb?;Kdo' ;h i' }kbw
ns/ nZ:kF ;h. d';s wkJheb e'b rJ/ s/ fejk - jo/e g'g s[jkvk ;fseko eodk j?, fe;/
soQK fJ; }kbw jkew s'I fBiks fwb/ wkJheb. s{z wZddrko j'. wkJheb B/ fejk -
pkdFkj ukob; gzit/I dh wdd fpBK e[M BjhI j' ;edk. d/yd/ nK, BtK g'g gkb shik
T[;dk ;fseko eodk ;h. FkBdko todhnK ftu d' rkov nkJ/, fejk - j'bh ckdo s[jkB{z
fwbD ns/ s[jkvk ezw d/yD nkT[Dr/ wkJheb, eZbQ ;t/o.
g'g ns/ T[;d/ ekovhBb nkJ/, r'fvnK Gko w{;k dh g/IfNzr nZr/ M[efdnK g'g B/
fejk - fJe' g/IfNzr s[jkB{z ;dk ;iht oy/rh wkJheb, fJe' Bkb nwo j' frn?I, go n;hI
nkdwh j'D eoe/ bkbuh jK, v/ nkc iZiw?IN th g{oh eo'.
s'wk;' Bkw dk o'wB i[nkB fszB ;kb gfjbK T[;B{z fwfbnk ;h, T[d'I T[;dh T[wo 22
;kb dh ;h. fJj' fijk ;[jDk, bzwk s/ ;[v"b, fit/I wkopb ftu'I xfVnk j't/. p[ZssqkFh dk
F[ehB ;h, wkJheb B{z T[;skd Xko e/ f;yD nkfJnk ;h. wkJheb B/ efj fdZsk ;h - jkb/
d' ;kb o[e ik. w/ok ezw J/B/ }'oK s/ j? fe w?I s/oh f;ybkJh tb fXnkB BjhI d/ ;eKrk.
fszB ;kb pkd j[D 25 ;kb dk ;h sK j'o ;[jDk j' frnk. o'w ftu'I d't/I fJe d{i/ d/
w[oFd s/ w[ohd j' rJ/. s'wk;' B/ nkgD/ w[oFd B{z toeFkg fdykJh. nZXk fdB fJBew-
N?e; nc;o ti'I B"eoh eodk ;h, nZXk fdB p[ZssqkFh s/ g/IfNzr. T[; d/ ezw ftu ;ckJh
;h, ;wekbh okiBhsh dh th T[;B{z ;wM ;h.
fJe fdB s'wk;' B/ dZf;nk - pkdFkj ukob; gzitK g'g B{z fwbD nkJ/rk. gfjb'I
phph ftN'ohnk dh jt/bh T[skok j't/rk. nkgK T[E/ iktKr/.
- s[;hI fJ; phph B{z ikDd/ j'<
- jK T[;skd. d/o s'I. T[;dk ioB?b gsh ftnkj s'I E'VQ/ fdBk pkd :[ZX bVB
frnk wkfonk frnk ;h. p; ;kXthnK tork ihtB fpsk ojh j?. eftsk fbydh j?. s[jkvk
;fseko eodh j?. w?I Jh T[;B{z ;[Mkn fdZsk ;h fe pkdFkj dh ftf}N tes wkJhebJ/Iib'
B{z ;Zdk d/Dk mhe oj/rk. T[jB/ y[F j' e/ w/o/ okjhI fJ; n?stko s[jkB{z ;Zfdnk j?. fJ;
gfotko Bkb pkdFkj d/ g[okD/ fBx/ gfotkoe ;pzX jB. fJ; fwbkg okjhI nkgK cb'o?I;
Ffjo pko/ th e[M eotk ;eKr/.
wkJheb jt/bh ftu frnk sK nZXh doiD pzfdnK ftu p?mh ftN'ohnk B/ TZ[m e/
;tkrs ehsk. gzikj e[ ;kbK dh fJj n"os J/Bh ;[jDh j't/rh HHH wkJheb d/ydk ofj
frnk. BhbhnK nZyK, bzw/ ;[Bfjoh tkb, sokF/ B?D BeF, d[gfjo d/ ;{oi tork u[zfXnk
d/D tkbk fujok.
- s[;hI ;kv/ g[okD/ fwZso j' wkJheb, s[jkv/ nkoN B/ d/o gfjbK s[jkB{z fJ; xo dk w?Ipo
pDk fdZsk ;h.
- w/o/ nkoN dh fe;ws w/oh fe;ws Bkb'I uzrh j? ftN'ohnk.
- s[jkB{z FkBdko ezw tk;s/ u[fDnk j? wkJheb.
28

fJ; w[bkeks B/ wkJheb B{z fjbk fdZsk, T[j ftN'ohnk Bkb fJeZfbnK rZb eoB dk fJS[e
;h, go T[j fJeZbh j[zdh jh BjhI ;h. edh edkJhI nkgDhnK eftsktK G/i fdzdh. T[BQk
eftsktK ftu nfijh GktBk j[zdh ;h fit/I e'Jh o{j fgzio/ ftu e?d j? go e?d s'I w[es
j'D dh fJS[e BjhI. pkd ftu gsk bZrk fe TZ[Bh ;kb dh T[wo ftu fJ;dk ftnkj
j'fJnk. T[;dk ioB?b gsh fe;/ :[ZX ftu BjhI wfonk. T[j :[ ZX dk pjkBk xV e/ ;ojZd
s/ ubk frnk. ;ojZd'I gko d[FwD Bkb th okpsk oZyD bZrk, vpb i;{;h eoB brk sK
ykD/ ftu }fjo d/ e/ wko fdsk frnk s/ ypo g[uk fdZsh fe :[ ZX bVfdnK wkfonk frnk.
ftN'ohnk dh FkfJoh tk;st ftu fgnko fto[ZX Bcos ;h. j[D wkJheb i' wo}h ;'u/, T[j
d{ih tko fe;/ wod T[go fJspko BjhI eo/rh. fJjh ekoB ;h fe uou ftu ;kXth dk
ihtB pshs eo ojh ;h. fJ; tes wkJheb dh T[wo ;Zm ;kb j' rJh ;h.
g'g gkb B/ wkJheb dh ;[oZfynk tk;s/ c[owkB ikoh ehsk, - wkJhebJ/Iib' t?NheB
dk p[ZssqkF, g/INo ns/ fJwkos;k} j?. T[;B{z skT[wo g'g tb'I g?BFB fwbdh oj/rh. fgSb/
gzdoK ;kbK s'I fJj o[spk nBN'BhU e'b ;h i' j[D y[Z; frnk. fJE'I ;k}FK dk d"o uZb
fgnk. wkJheb B{z XwehnK fwbD bZrhnK.
pkdFkj g'g B{z fwbD nkfJnk, g'g B/ FkBdko ;tkrs ehsk. pkdFkj B/ ftN'ohnk
dh jt/bh ;[B/jk G/fink fe g'g d/ wfjb ftu nk ikU, fJE/ fwbKr/. ftN'ohnk
wkJhebJ/Iib' ;w/s g'g d/ wfjb ftu rJh. id'I ftN'ohnk nkJh s/ wkJheb Bkb tkech
eotkJh, pkdFkj B/ yVQ/ j' e/ ;[nkrs eofdnK fejk - s[jkv/ j[Bo s'I tkec jK wkJheb,
;z;ko d/ FkBdko ebkeko B{z nZi fwfbnk jK. w?I e[M eo ;edk j'tK sK dZ;Dk. wkJheb
B/ fejk - jK ;qhwkB, s[jkv/ eoB tkbk ezw j?, w/o/ cb'o?I; B{z d[FN jkew s'I ;[oyo{ eo'.
- w?I s[jkvh toeFkg ftu nktKrk, T[E/ cb'o?I; ftu, fi; pko/ ;[fDnK ;h, T[j ezw
nZyhI d/yKrk. fijVk uou s[;hI g/IfNzr} Bkb fFzrkfonk, s[;hI s/ fbUBkod' d ftzB;h B/, T[;
ftu nkgDh Fkj}kdh dk ftnkj eoKrk. cb'o?I; dk jkew pkdFkj s'I vodk ;h. T[;
tk;s/ fJ; Ffjo ftu pkdFkj dh dybnzdk}h ysoBke ;h. Fkj}kdh dk ftnkj sK
j'fJnk, go GkV/ d/ pzfdnK s'I T[;dk gsh esb eotk fdsk. wkJheb B{z j'o e[M eoB dh
eh }o{os< cb'o?I; dk }kbw s'I S[Nekok j' frnk. jkew feXo/ GZi frnk.
fJe fdB ftN'ohnk B/ wkJheb B{z fejk - uou d/ ;[Xkotkdh, g'g d/ ns/ s/o/
fybkc jB. Bk T[BQK B{z g'g dh FkB' F"es g;zd j?, Bk f;nk;s ftu T[;dh o[uh. T[j s?B{z
th ekco ;wMd/ jB wkJheb, s/ohnK g/IfNzr} T[BQK B{z ezioykBk brd?. i/ fes/ T[j skes
ftu nk rJ/, s?B{z b[e e/ ikB pukT[Dh gJ/rh s/ s/ohnK ;G feosK T[go e{uh c/o d/Dr/.
ftN'ohnk dhnK eftsktK pdb/ wkJheb nkgDhnK vqkfJzr} G/i fdzdk. bk;N iZiw?IN
g{oh j'D tkbh ;h, fpBK fJsbkj ehfsnK g'g uou ftu nk frnk, g/IfNzr d/yh sK d/ydk
ofj frnk. wkJheb B{z n;h;K fdZshnK, r'fvnK s/ M[e e/ nkoN B{z ;idk eofdnK fejk -
s/o/ eoe/ w?B{z :kd efonk eoBr/ b'e, w?I s/ok nfj;kBwzd jK wkJhebJ/ Iib'.
go nkb'ue nky oj/ ;B - uou ftu nkoN okjhI e[eow j' fojk j?. g[zBhnK ns/
gkghnK ftueko coe BjhI fd;dk. Bzr/ fuso feT[I pDkJ/ jB< phr' B/ g'g B{z fejk - T[j
Bzr/ fuso feT[I jB j'bh ckdo< g'g B/ fejk - nkgK Bzr/ izw/. id'I oZp d/ dopko ftu
g/F j'tKr/ T[d'I Bzr/ iktKr/.
phr' B/ r[Z;/ ftu fejk - fJe fdB fJBQK g/IfNzr} dk G'r g? ikD?.
- w?I T[;B{z S/e fdnKrk fi;B/ fJXo T[Irb T[mkJh, g'g B/ fejk.
phr' B/ fejk - d/y' ckdo fJ; g/IfNzr ftu wkJheb B/ w/ok wy"b T[vkfJnk j?,
fJ; ;Zg d/ B?D BeF w/o/ tor/ pDk fds/, d/y' fJj eh eVQh x'bh j? fJ; B/.
wkJheb B/ fejk - s?B{z :kd sK eoBk jh ;h. i/ s?B{z Bzrk yVQk eo fdzdk g/IfNzr
ftu, c/o f}nkdk p/fJ}sh ;h. w?I sK s/oh fJZ}s jh ehsh j?.
phr' rZfink - j'bh ckdo, fJjB{z ej' w?B{z fJE'I jNk d/t/.
g'g B/ fejk - Boe ftu'< Boe ftu'I s?B{z e"D pkjo eZY/rk< s?B{z fJ;B/ fgzio/ ftu
pzd ehsk j[zdk, w?I fojk eotk fdzdk, Boe ftu'I e"D fe;/ B{z eZY ;fen?<
29

ftN'ohnk dk ;[B/jk nkfJnk - fwb'. wkJheb ubk frnk. dZf;nk - w?I uou ftu
;[XkoK dh jwkfJsh jK wkJheb. ekovhBb B/ w?B{z t?NheB s'I pkjo fBeb ikD dk j[ew
fdZs?.
- feZE/ ikUr/ c/o s[;hI<
- ftNop', ;zs e?EohB d/ nkFow ftu. s/oh bk;N iZiw?IN d/yDh ;h. gsk BjhI
ed'I d/yKrh. T[dk; wkJheb B/ nbftdk ejh s/ tkg; s[o fgnk.
25 d;zpo 1541, feq;fw; d/ fdB g'g B/ bk;N iZiw?IN gpfbe tk;s/ y'bQh sK o'w
ezp frnk. gkdohnK, g/INoK, nc;oK, nkw BkrfoeK Bkb jkb yuk yu Gfonk j'fJnk.
wkJheb B/ fXnkB Bkb d/fynk - T[;d/ d[FwDK ftu'I e'Jh BjhI nkfJnk.
fto'Xh bkwpzd j'D bZr/, ;zs poBkofdB' B/ g'g B{z fbfynk - fiE/ uou ftu
pkJhpb d/ GiBk dk ehosB j't/, T[E/ nFbhb s;thoK fezBhnK Fow;ko eodhnK jB.
ftN'ohnk ys fbyD'I jN rJh. wkJheb B/ ekoB g[ZfSnk, gZso nkfJnk, i/ nkgK
ys' fyskps pzd Bk ehsk sK w?B{z e?EohB nkFow ftu'I s/ s?B{z o'w ftu'I eZY d/Dr/.
- s{z gZEo fdb j?I ftN'ohnk. wkJheb B/ fbfynk.
- w?I jwdod jK wkJheb. s/o/ ;[oZfyns GftZy tk;s/ fuzsks[o.
- ihtB }kbw j? ftN'ohnk, fgnko fJe' ;jkok j? pzd/ dk.
- BjhI, wkJheb fgnko ns/ }[bw fJe' uh} d/ d' Bkw jB. w?I s?B{z fJ; }[bw s'I
pukfJnk j?. d/y fojI? fezBh S/sh p[ZYh j' rJhnK< fJjh jkb s/ok j'Dk ;h. s{z pu/Irk, s{z
ni/ j'o ezw eoB/ jB. w?I eh eoB?I< t?NheB s'I fywk wzrD nkJh jK fe ;[XkotkdhnK Bkb
obDk w/oh rbsh ;h.
- fJj s?B{z eh j'fJn? ftN'ohnk<
- w?I woB s'I gfjbK ns/ w"s s'I pkd FKs ofjDk ukj[zdh jK, Xow s'I prkts eoe/ nfijk
BjhI j' ;edk. s/o/ fdb s/ edh p'M gt/, s{z th fywk wzrh. nkdw}ks fywk wzrD bJh
g?dk j'Jh j?.
- w?I e'Jh nb{nK S'eok BjhI ftN'ohnk, fit/I w?B{z fe;/ rZb dh ;wM Bk j't/, w?I s/o/ s'I
T[wo ns/ nB[Gt ftu tZvk jK. s{z w?B{z uzrh bZrh ;h, e'Jh ekoB ;h fJ;dk. fwbkg Bkb
;kv/ d'jK dk wko{Eb jok j' ;edk ;h.
- pj[s g[okD/ }yw s/o/ p'bK Bkb e[M ok}h j'J/ wkJheb. uzrk, j[D y[dk jkfc}. fJj
nky e/ T[j nkFow dh fpbfvzr tZb uZb gJh.
wkJheb nkgD/ i[nkB ;kEh s'wk;' Bkb fBozso ezw ftu i[fNnk ofjzdk. edw
vrwrkT[D bZr gJ/ ;B go jZEK ftu jE"Vh s/ S?Dh cV b?Idk sK brdk i[nkB j?. fJe
fdB g'g B/ fejk - ;zs ghNo dk uou th fsnko eoB? wkJheb. wkJheb jZ; fgnk -
npokjw tKr w/oh T[wo 175 ;kb j[zdh, fJj th eo fdzdk. d/y' sK ;jh w/oh T[wo.
g'g B/ fejk - w/oh T[wo 78 ;kb j?, w?I ni/ mhe jK, ;' 78 ;kb sZe sK T[wo
dh rZb Bk eohI.
fJe fdB ftN'ohnk B[z fwbD frnk, ew}'o j' rJh ;h. dZf;nk - p; j[D sK
wkw{bh ezw ofj frn?, ;zs ghNo dk wepok.
- jK, fJj sK wkw{bh fijh gVSZsh jh j't/rh Bk wkJheb, sK fe ;zs dh epo s/
eDhnK Bk fvZrD.
d't/I jZ; gJ/ - s?B{z j;dh d/y e/ w?I y[F jK ftN'ohnk.
- jK wkJheb, w?I y[F jK feT[Ife oZp Bkb fwbkg B/V/ nk frn?.
- s?B{z woBk uzrk brd?< :kBh fe fijV/ s?B{z fgnko eod/ B/, T[BQk B{z d[yh eoBk
tXhnk ezw j?< s[;hI ;tkoEh j' ftN'ohnk. ftN'ohnk B/ wkJheb dk jZE nkgD/ jZE ftu b?
e/ fejk - w?I fe;/ G[b/y/ ftu BjhI. w?B{z BjhI fwfbnk ;h, s{z T[d'I th FkBdko ;h. w?I Bk
ojh, s{z pkd ftu th FkBdko oj/Irk. w/oh jk}oh iK r?ojk}oh s/o/ tk;s/ p/wkfJB/ j?. eh
w?I ikDdh BjhI fe wkopb s'I fpBK s?B{z fe;/ j'o Bkb fJFe BjhI, j' Jh BhI ;edk, j'
iKdk, c/o s{z wkJhebJ/Iib' fet/I j[zdk<
30

jcs/ pkd ftN'ohnk dh f;js mhe Bk j'D dh ypo fwbh. fwbD frnk. jehw B/
dZf;nk - p/j'F j?. eZbQ B{z ;{oi uVQdk BjhI d/y/rh. nrb/ fdB dcB eoB tk;s/ g[Zik.
T[;dh bkF T[; Bkb'I itkB bZrh. fJ; soQK fd;h wkJheb B{z fit/I gfjb/ fdB fd;h ;h.
;p{s fwb frnk - T[; B{z ihtB Bkb'I w"s tXhe uzrh brdh ;h. fijVh rZb wkJheb B{z
uzrh BjhI bZrh, T[j fJj fe otkfJs nB[;ko T[;B{z nkgD/ gsh dh epo B/V/ dcB ehsk
ikJ/rk HHHH nrb/ ;z;ko ftu HHHH;ko/ ;z;koK ftu fJeZm/ ofjD. wkJheb dk fdb ehsk -
fJ; B{z w/oh epo B/V/ :kBh fe w?B{z fJ; d/ bkr/ dcB j'Dk ukjhdk ;h HHHHHHgo fJj fet/I
j' ;edk j?<
d{o d{o s'I T[;B{z m/e/ fwbD bZr/. BeF/ pDk e/ nkgD/ ftfdnkoEhnK B{z G/i fdzdk,
x'V/ s/ ;tko j' e/ d"ok eodk. ;/XK fdzdk. g/IfNzr eodk EZe iKdk sK gZEo sqkFdk.
nkgDh epo T[go fce; ehs/ ikD tkbk eokZ; xVB bZfrnk. fJ; T[go nkdw dk ;[or
ftu'I eZfYnk ikDk T[eoBk ;h- d ckZb .
f;js mhe Bk ofjzdh, sphns mhe Bk j'D ekoB sbyh, fyM ;[Gkfte ;h. fJe
fdB s'wk;' B{z fejk - w?I fJ; soQK dk MrVkb{ fJ; eoe/ j' frnK feT[Ife ;Zsfonk
pjZsfonk j' frnK< s'wk;' B/ fejk - BjhI, s[jkvk pugB dk d';s rqK;h dZf;nk eodk,
s[;hI pugB ftu th fJ;/ soQK d/ ;T[. ;ko/ y{p jZ;/. wkJheb B/ rqK;h B{z d' fszB rkbK
dk gqFkd fdZsk.
g'g gkb dh w"s pkd ekovhBb ;qtBh (Cerveni) g'g gkb u"Ek u[fDnk frnk.
T[j pj[s pdswh} pdfwik} pzdk ;h. ne;o fejk eodk ;h - w?B{z sK y[d BjhI gsk w/o/
tor/ pzd/ B{z fet/I u[D fbnk. fJ; dk wsbp fJj j'fJnk Bk fe fJj oZp dk c?;bk j?.
pzd/ sK w?B{z Bcos eod/ jB.
fJj T[BQK b'eK dk gqfsfBX ;h fijV/ nkoN d/ d[FwD ;B. pj[s ;ko/ b'eK B/
wkJheb B{z fejk - d"V ikj, fto'XhnK B{z fiT[IfdnK nZr d/ GKpVK ftu ;[ZN oj/ ;B.
wkJheb BjhI wzfBnK, sK eh< i' eoB? eoB. wkJheb B{z g'g B/ p[bkfJnk, fejk - nc;';
wkJheb, e";b s/o/ ezw eki B{z e[co ;wM e/ fwNkDk ukj[zdh j?. s/o/ ezw dk g{oB
;ckfJnk.
- s/ bk;N iZiw?IN th j'bh ckdo<
- jK, T[j th e[co j?. nkj d/y s/o/ nkoN fto[ZX ysK dk pzvb. ;kX{nK ;zsK ns/
FjhdK d/ B}dhe Bzr/ fuso BjhI pDkJhd/ wkJheb, s?B{z fJzBk e[ th gsk BjhI< fJj
F?skBhns j?.
- sK c/o ;G e[M ysw<
- BjhI wkJheb. ezX ofjD fdnKr/. gfjbhnK g/IfNzr} s/ ;c?d ozr c/o fdnKr/.
T[; T[go d[pkok nebwzdh Bkb e[M uZi dk pDk d/JhI. rbsh fe;/ s'I th j' ;edh j?. i'
j'fJnk ;' j'fJnk. s?B{z ;}k th j' ;edh j?. go n;hI s/oh gqfsGk s'I tkec jK. ;' ofjw
eod/ jK.
wkJheb d/ jwkfJshnK B/ o'wBk B{z ;wMkT[D dh w[fjzw ubk fdZsh. pj[s tZvh
frDsh wkJheb d/ nkoN B{z fgnko eoB tkbh ;h. e[M fdBK pkd wkJheb dk g/INo d';s
v/Bh nkfJnk, pV/ T[sFkj ftu, y[F. efjD bZrk - pukn j' frnk wkJheb. gpfbe dk
dpkn s/o/ jZe ftu pD frn?. BtK g'g fJj rZb wzB frn? fe pkeh mhe j?, Bzr/ fusoK
d/ eZgV/ g[nk fdT[. bk;N iZiw?IN pu rJh wkJheb.
wkJheb nkgDh e[o;h T[go fvr fgnk, fejk - j[D w?I g"Vh s/ uVQe/ eZgV/ gfjBkD
bZr iktK<
- BjhI wkJheb. n;hI s?B{z e'Jh eFN BjhI fdnKr/. eZgV/ gkD dk ezw sK w?I eo
fdnKrk. w/o/ e'b fJ; soQk d/ ozr B/ fijV/ brd? gZe/ B/ go eZu/ B/. w?I eZu/ ozrK Bkb
ezw eo fdnKrk. fJj g'g sK uko fdB d/ wfjwkB j[zd/ B/. s/ok nkoN j}koK ;kbK sZe
oj/rk. gp pukDk th sK j? Jh Bk. fJBQK d/ bZe d[nkb/ goB/ pzBQ fdnKrk.
31

- w?I ;koh T[wo nkdwh dh y{p;{osh sbkFdk fojk, fco g/IN okjhI T[skoh, fco
wkopb ftu. j[D fco pd;{osh pD rJh j?, FowBke, nFbhb. nzXeko ftu'I w?I ukBD
ftu b? e/ frnk ;K wB[ysk B{z, go wB[ysk d[pkok nzXeko ftu gosD dh fJS[e j? fJ;
dh wo}h.
- fceo Bk eo wkJheb fgnko/, fJ; g'g d/ woB ;ko w/o/ tb'I bg/N/ goB/ T[v
ikDr/, fJe' p[Zb/ Bkb.
82 ;kb dh T[wo ftu r[od/ dhnK gEohnK d/ dod B/ nk x/fonk. fJe fJe
xzNk vzr wkodk dod j[zdk. ;/IN ghNo d/ wepo/ B{z T[j T[E/ sZe T[;koBk ukj[zdk ;h fiE/
pkd ftu e'Jh fJwkos;k} T[;dk p[fBnkdh YKuk pdb Bk ;e/. T[; T[go r[zpd j'J/rk.
n;wkB dk r[zpd Xosh dh jZd B{z S[zjdk brdk j? go fit/I fit/I s[;hI d{o ubh ikT[, jZd
j'o go/ jNdh iKdh j?. fJt/I ;zs ghNo dk r[zpd j'J/rk, doFe gqshs eo/rk T[j nBzs
j?, T[;dhnK jZdK sZe ngVBk n;zGt j?. fJj 335 c[ ZN T[Zuk j'J/rk.
nkoN dk d[FwD g'g gkb u"Ek nukBe wo frnk. b'eK B/ oZp d/ F[eokB/ d/
ib{; eZY/. T[;dk p[Zs s'V e/ rbhnK ftu f;o Gko x;hfNnk s/ dfonk ftu ;[ZN nkJ/.
pj[s ;ko/ pzdh, fiBQK B{z ekco n?bkB e/ nZr ftu ;kVBk ;h, fojkn ehs/ rJ/. g'g gkfJ;
u"Ek u[D fbnk frnk, 62 ;kb dk fJj ;zs[fbs ftnesh ekBz{B-Fk;soh ;h. fBwosk, FKsh
dk wkj"b f;ofink frnk, ;ko/ :'og ftu FKsh. wkJhebJ/ Iib' dh Nhw i'F ftu ekoiFhb
j' rJh. Bt/I wkj"b ftu f;oiDk Fesh gos nkJh.
fJe fdB yb'sk ezw ftu wrB ;h fe nZyK nZr/ jBQ/ok Sk frnk. ;fji/ d/Dh p?m
frnk. fco b/N frnk. ekohroK B/ wzi/ s/ fbNk fdZsk. nZyK y'bQhnK, yZph pKj ns/ yZph
bZs ;[zB ;B. id'I T[;B/ fejk swk;' B{z p[bkU sK ihG bVyVkJh. swk;' jehw ;w/s nk
frnk. pepeh dtkJh fgbkJh s/ fejk - nokw eo', nokw ;G mhe eo fdnk eod?.
- nkokw eoB Bkb p[Y/g/ dk fJbki BjhI j'fJnk eodk vkeNo.
- w?I fJE/ ojKrk T[;skd, id'I sZe ;"I BjhI iKd/ fJE/ jK, swk;' B/ fejk. nZXh oks
T[;dh nZy y[ZbQh. nkb/ d[nkb/ ;G ;[Zs/ gJ/ d/y/. T[fmnk, f;odod ysw, w'wpZsh pkbh,
gZEo sqkFD bZrk, ;t/o j[zfdnK swk;' nzdo nkfJnk sK jZ; fgnk - U oZpk, w?I fe; jkbs
ftu okshI SZv e/ frnk ;h, w[V Ujh mZe mZe c/o< nkokw BjhI eo j[zdk T[;skd<
- w/o/ BZe tk;s/ wkopb dh y[Fp{, w/o/ wZE/ tk;s/ wkopb dh X{V s/ w/o/ g?oK T[go wkopb
dhnK fuZgoK fdB oks fvZrh ikD sK w?I u?B ftu ojK swk;'. wkopb dh S[j Bk j't/ sK
w/ok dw x[ND brd?.
- go jehw efj e/ frn? nkokw }o{oh j?.
- nrb/ ijkB ftu nkokw jh nkokw j? swk;'.
;kok fdB ezw eod/ oj/. Fkw dk ykDk yk e/ ;"I rJ/. T[;B{z BhId Bk nkJh.
nkgDk eokZ; w[ezwb eo u[Zek ;h, j[D nkgDk p[Zs w[ezwb eoBk ;h. fSbsoK T[vdhnK
ojhnK. nkyo wzih s/ fvZr fgnk. id'I nZyK y'bQhnK, ewok ekohro d';sK Bkb Gfonk
j'fJnk ;h. doFe wkJheb dk p[Zs d/y oj/ ;B, wkJheb ;'u fojk ;h - nkdwh r[}o
iKdk j? T[;dk ezw T[;B{z fiT[Idk oZydk j?.
T[;dk fdb ehsk x'V/ s/ ;tko j' e/ nkgDhnK feosK B{z nkyoh tko d/y nkt/.
:sB ehsk, x'V/ s/ ufVQnk Bk frnk. fJe fJe eoe/ b'e fwbD nkT[D bZr/, fiBQK B{z
fwbD dh nkfrnk Bk fwbh T[j r[bd;s/, frcNK oZy iKd/. wkJheb p[Vp[VkfJnk - w/ok
fgsk 90tK iBw fdB wBk e/ ftdk j'fJnk, T[; fj;kp w/o/ ni/ fJe ;kb d' jcs/ pkeh
gJ/ B/. ekjbh feT[I<
swk;' B/ g[fSnk - x'V/ s/ BjhI ufVQnk frnk sK eh< oZE ftu fpmk e/ okT{Iv btk
dJhJ/<
wkJheb B/ fejk - ihtB GkrK tkbk fojk, oZp B/ w/ok ezw o[eD BjhI fdZsk. w?I
wkopb B{z fgnko ehsk, g/IN B{z fgnko ehsk. fJwkos;k}h ns/ FkfJoh B{z fgnko ehsk.
gfotko, d';sK ns/ oZp B{z fgnko ehsk. ;[or ns/ Boe B{z fJzBk fgnko ehsk fe gZEoK
32

ftu, ozrK ftu, d't/I Xosh s/ T[sko fdZs/. w?I ihtB B{z fJzBk fgnko ehsk fco w"s B{z
fgnko fet/I Bk eoK< w/ok gfjbk ;ogo;s cb'o?I; dk b'o?I}' ;zs[;N j? fe T[;B/ w/o/ s'I i'
T[whd oZyh, yok T[sfonK jK, wko{ FeshnK spkj j'JhnK, f;oiD FeshnK ftiJh j'JhnK.
swk;' w?B{z w/o/ gfotko Bkb ;Ksk eo'u/ ftu dcB eoBk.
- go g'g B/ ukfjnk j? s[jkv/ nkgD/ fgnko/ ;zs ghNo ftu<
- BjhI s'wk;', nkokw sK pzdk nkgD/ gfotko ftu jh eo/rk Bk. w?B{z cb'o?I; ftu
dcB efoU. mhe j? swk;'<
- mhe j?. nzsw fJZSk T[;skd< t;hns<
- t;hns< o{j oZp d/ Bkw, fi;w Xosh d/ Bkw s/ w/ohnK feosK ;z;ko d/ Bkw.
uzrk sZwk;', F[eokBk. EZe frnk jK. j[D nkokw eoB d/j.
s'wk;' B/ wZE/ B{z u[zfwnk. nkgD/ nkg T[go ipod;s ekp{ gkJh oZfynk. nZyK ykbh
;B p/FZe, go y[ZbQhnK ;B. pugB s'I b? e/ j[D sZe d/ ;ko/ fdqF nZyK nZr/ x[zw rJ/ HHH
fgsk dhnK, T[;skdK dhnK fMVeK, ebkekoK dh Jhoyk d/ Bkb Bkb fwjopkB b'o?I}',
ezN?f;Bk, uzr/ wkV/ j[ewokB, uzr/ wkV/ g'g, ftN'ohnk HHHHHnyho ;zs ghNo. ;zs ghNo dk
fXnkB nkT[IfdnK T[;B/ nkyoh ;kj fbnk, ;z;ko s'I nkokw Bkb o[y;s j'fJnk.
J/ a;N'e; dh feskp wkJhebJ/_ib', J/ ;NZvh fJB dh B/uo nkca nkoN o[Nfbi B/ bzvB s'_
1955 ftu Skgh, n;h_ fJ; dh 2002 tkbh n?vh;aB dk ;jkok fbnk. fJj feskp w[ ZbtkB j?
feT[_fe ;N'e; B/ Bk e/tb wkJheb dh p[ssqk;ah ns/ g/fNzr dk w[ ZbKeD ebk d/ fdq;aNhe'D
s'_ ehsk ;r'_ wkJheb dh ekftebk dk ft;Eko th fdsk j?. fwjBs T[go fezs{ gqzs{ Bjh_
go gZSw dk fdwkr ;jh fd;ak tZb ikD dh EK ekw tk;Bk tZb d"Vdk j?, fJ; feskp
ftu th gqsZy j?. wkJheb nkgDh eftsk d/ fJe pzd ftu nkydk j?- yzG j[zd/ sK c?bkn
e/ T[vdk, s/o/ sZe nZgV iKdk, nc;'; nfijk Bjh_ j?. ;N'e; fJ;d/ noE eodk j? fe
fJj p[ZY/ wkJheb dh ekw[e fBopbsk dk ;p{s j?. yzGK d/ c?bkn s'I Gkt fbzr dh :'rsk
tb ;ze/s j?. ;kvk nkw gkme ;dhnK s'_ b'e rhsK ftu yzGK dk fiaeo ;[Ddk nkfJnk j?,
r[opkDh d/ tke jBL
yzG fteKdV// i/ bjK fxzBk ;kkth s'b .
szfB iVKJh nkgD? bjK ;[ ;iD[ N'b. (w$ 5)
fJt/_ jh ;N'e; fJe eftsk dk gkm fdzdk j?w?_
;[Zeh bZeV ;K.
s/o/ Bkb fwbkg ;dek jok Gok j' frnk.
fJ; ftu th T[; B{z ekw-tk;Bk fd;dh j?. ;[Zeh bZeV, T[; ftu ikB, :kBh fe ekw.
gzikph ;o'sk g{oB Grs dk feZ;k fBozso ;[Ddk nkfJnk j?. g{oB Grs d/ f;nkbe'N ftu
nkT[D dh ypo ;[Dh sK wK fJZSoK d/ ;[Ze/ pkr jo/ j' rJ/. fJE/ ntu/sB ftu th feXo/
ekw dh GktBk g?dk Bjh_ j[zdh. b{Dk, ekw dk fuzBQ j'D eoe/ gzikph wB B{z g;zd Bjh_.
gZSwh fdwkr fJe' fd;ak tZb ;/fXnk j'fJnk j? fi; ftu ;N'e; brksko T[bM fojk j?.
wkJheb 6 ;kb dk ;h id'_ T[;dh wK 1481 ftu r[iao rJh. ;kafrod ezfvth
(Condivi) B/ wkJheb d/ fiT[_fdnK T[; dh ihtBh 1553 ftu Sgtk fdsh ;h fi; ftu
fbydk j?- wkJheb dZf;nk eodk ;h fe ;/shnkB' nkpkdh ftu w/oh gfoto;a fi; n"os B/
wK dh w"s pkd ehsh, T[j p[Zssqk;a dh Xh ns/ p[ssqk;a dh gsBh ;h. T[; dk d[ZX u[zfxnk,
T[;d/ jZE dk gekfJnk ykDk ykXk, fJ; eoe/ w/ohnK orK ftu S?Dh jE"V/ dhnK ntkiK dk
s[oBk fcoBk e'JhH nb'eko rZb Bjh_.
wkJheb B/ 73 ;kb dh T[wo ftu nkgD/ Gshi/ B{z yas fbfynk- nkgD/ fgzv d/
gkdoh B{z nkyh_ fe f;oBkt/_ T[go w/ok Bkw wkJhebJ/_ib' p[ZsxkVk Bk fbfynk eo/. w/ok
Bkw wkJhebJ/ _ib' p{Bko'Nh j?. (p{Bko'Nh T[;dk ykBdkB ;h, fit/_ e'Jh ej/ w?_ ;zXktkbhnk
jK, w?_ ;Z:d jK, nkfdeHHH.) Bkb/ T[jB{z ejh_ w?_ GkV/ d/ ezw Bjh_ eodk, fszB g'gK Bkb
33

fJ; eoe/ ezw ehsk feT[_fe fbjki ;h. w?_ T[; tk;s/ e'Jh ezw Bjh_ eoBk. w?_ nkgD/
ykBdkB dh r[nkuh ;akB pjkb eoKrk.
T[;B/ nkgD/ Gok B{z fbfynk, "gsk bZr? s{z o'w ftu ike/ pVh cia{b youh ehsh.
s/oh ewkJh sK j? Bjh_, c/o fJj ;a/yhy'o toskT[ fe; tk;s/? w/o/ f;o s/? s?B{z fJ; rZb dk
gsk Bjh_ w?_ fe; jkbs ftu ofj e/ s[jkB{z g?;/ G/idK? T[/;d/ Gshi/ B/ fJe tko fby fdsk
fe fizB/ g?;/ s{z G/idk j_?_, ;kvk T[; Bkb r[iakok Bjh_ ubdk. wkJheb B/ T[so fdZsk- s?B{z
fJE/ GZi e/ g?;/ wzrD o'w nkT[D dh eh b'V ;h? nk e/ d/y bJh Bk w/oh jkbs? w/o/ e'b
g?;/ j'D th, s/ w?_ s?B{z d/D/ ukjK, i/ nDy j?, s?B{z Bjh_ b?D/ ukjh_d/. go s{z j?_ Jh x[D.
w/oh jkbs d/y e/ s?B{z ukjhdk ;h nkydk- ukuk nkg oZith_ o'Nh yk, gfjB, n;h_ nkgDk
r[ikok nkg s'oKr/, pE/ok b? fbnk s[jkE'_. fgzv w/o/ fjZ;/ dh iwhB s/ xo T[go s[jkvk
epiak j?, w?_ edh dkntk Bjh_ iskfJnk. ;N/N B/ w?B{z cb'o?_; BtK xo d/ fdsk, s[;h_ T[;
T[s/ ekpia j' rJ/. j[D o'w ftu th w/o/ rb'_ Bjh_ bfjzd/. s/ s[jkv/ e'b w?B{z d/D tk;s/
fJe uzrk bcia sZe Bjh_.
wfjb nzdobhnK rshftXhnK dk gsk bZrD ;ko nkgD/ xo ;[B/jk G/i fdzdkcNkcN
fBeb ikT[. ikB puDh ukjhdh j?. XB d"bs dk bkbu eoe/ p?m/ Bk ofjU. XB
d"bs w? _ j'o d/ fdnKrk. nkdwh ehwsh j[zdk j? g?;k Nek Bjh_. w/o/ tk;s/ fJe gk;/ ;ko/
;z;ko dk ;'Bk j't/ d{i/ gk;/ s[;h_, s[;h_ tXhe ehwsh j'.
d' GoktK ns/ fgsk dh w"s fgS'_ nkgD/ Gok B{z fbfynk - Gok Bkb fgnko, fgsk
tZb coia fBGkfJnk. Gok fJ;soK jB fit/_ e?Bt; T[go g/fNzr. fgsk w/ohnK :kdK ftu
sqk;a/ p[Zs tKr j?, fdb d/ n?B ftueko, g[oksB gZEo tork, gfjb'_ fe;/ B/ fJ; B{z xfVnk
fco fJj w?B{z xVB bZr fgnk :kBh fe ;iak gkJh s/ ;iak fdZsh. nrb/ ;z;ko ftu n;h_
fJe d{i/ B{z fgnko eoKr/. fij' fijk th ;h, uzrk ;h, T[;/ eoe/ fgzv nk iKdk ;K. j[D
w?_ fgzv Bjh_ nkT[Dk edh.
pugB d/ ;ogq;s b'o?_i dk p/Nk id'_ g'g pfDnk, T[;B/ wkJheb dh EK o/fcb B{z
w[ Zy fJwkos;kia fB:[es eo fbnk. id'_ g[ZfSnk frnk fe wkJheb ftu eh B[e; j? ?
o/fcb dhnK nZyK Go nkJhnK. fejk- T[j w/ok Gok j?. ;kvh wfjb ftu fJeZfmnK dh
gfoto;a j'Jh. go T[j vok fdzdk j?, g'g B{z th.
nkgD/ fwZso cN[Zeh B[{z ekft ;zrqfj G/ifdnK fbfynk- gVQe/ s?B{z bZr/rk fit/_ wkJheb
p[ZYk j' frn?, gkrb j' frn?. fJe fdB w/oh rZb wzB ikJ/_rk fe j';a ftu nkT[D bJh,
;zs[bB ekfJw oZyD bJh, gkrbgD s'_ tXhnK o;sk j'o Bjh_.
fJe gq;z;e B/ e[M finkdk f;csK ehshnK sK T[Zso fdsk- rohp ns/ bkuko fJj
pzdk ukj[zdk j? fe oZp B/ i' j[Bo fdsk, T[; ftu ;kok ihtB fybko e/ tX s'_ tX ;w/
she ihtB bzwk eo ;eK.
;N'e; dh fJj fNZgDh ;koEe j?- nkoN gdkoEe XB Bjh_ j?, fJj T[whd dk Bkw
j?_. ;ko/ ;[y j[zfdnK i/ wB Bk-T[whd j' frnk sK ihtB ysw. nkofN;N dk ft;atk; j?
fe T[; dk xo EwfbnK, ezXK d/ ;jko/ Bjh_ yb'sk, e'fJb dh e{e ekoB fEo j?.
wkJheb B/ fbfynkw?_
w"s dh gjkVh T[go ihtB pshs ehsk. fi; B{z gsk Bjh_ fe p/u?Bh ns/ w"s
nzdo fet/_ ihthdk j?, T[; nZr ftu ckb wko e/ d/y/ fi; B/ w?B{z oky eo fdsk.
T[;dh eftsk dk pzd j?L
s/oh s;tho w/o/ fdb T[go jw/;a SkJh ojh
j[D, id'_ fe w"s eohp j?, nkgD/ B?D Be;a w/oh nkswk T[go y[D d/j.
eok; fit/_ d?_sK s'_ pukT[_dk j?, s/oh s;tho w/oh o{j dk pukT[ j?.
;[or ftu g[Zi e/ s/oh s;tho w?_ d/tfsnK d// ;g[od eoKrk
s/ nkyKrk- fJ; B{z c/o Xosh T[go fbik e/ T[dk; wB[ysk dk Gbk eo'.
34

;Zs ;kb d/ pZu/ ;ahwkB (Schliemann) B/ n?bkB ehsk fe T[j NokfJ (Troy)
bZG/rk, ukbh ;kb bZrk fojk, NokfJ bZG fbnk, i/ c?;bk eodk p[Zs sok;aKrk sK T[j
wkJheb J/_ib' tork j' iKdk.
T[;dh eftsk ftubk fJ;ae nZr j?, fe;/ B{z oky eo fojk, fe;/ B{z Å[X eo fojk
j?. eth B{z o";aBh Bkb'_ ;/e tXhe uzrk brdk j?,
s/oh nZr ftu ;V e/ i/ w?_ oky Bjh_ j'fJnk sK fJ; ftu nZr dk eh e;{o? w?_
g{ok Bjh_, fco s/o/ fBe/ nz;a B{z fgnko ehsk. i/ fBek fjZ;k jh pDBk j? sK fco
w?_ pkia j'tKrk i' ;{oi dh nZy ftu nZy gk e/ d/ydk j?, i' ;{oi B{z gzfinK ftu
b?D tk;s/ T[; tZb T[vkoh wkodk j?. nZr, gZEo B{z u{Bk eo fdzdh j?, fJ; soK
w/o/ gZEo fdb B{z w'w eo d/j. w?_ nZy dh g[sbh jK s/ s{z o';aBh j_?.
o";aBh d[;awD j?, ;aKs oks J/Bh ;aKs fe i[rB{z fJ; B{z iaywh eodk fco/ sK th
r[Z;k Bjh eodh_. oks ;aKsh fdzdh j?, Bh_d fdzdh j?, ;[jD/ ;[cB/ fdzdh j?, fco
nkgD/ nkg B{z i[rB{nK s'_ feT[_ Bjh_ pukT[_dh?
g/_fNzr ns/ wkopb ftu T[; dh ebk ftubk fynkb ;g;aN j?, eftsk eJh tko
;g;aN Bjh_.
eftsk dh pzfd;a riap j? go eftsk ftubk fynkb ;kc Bjh_, fJjh eftsk dh
gqkgsh j? feT[_fe eftsk fynkb Bjh_ gqGkt f;oidh j?.
;N'e; dk nkyDk j? fe y[p;{os fJskbth pzd;a dk T[; B/ ;kdh tkose ftu
soiwk gfVQnk j?. tXhnk eftsk dk tXhnk soiwk th e[M Bjh_ ;tko ;edk. fco th
o{ge, eth dk ;[B/jk g[ukD ftu e[M ekw:kp j' iKdk j?. eth B{z gsk Bjh_ brdk fgnko
B/ T[; B{z poc tKr iwk fdsk j? fe nZr ftu ;kV fdsk j?.
e'Jh f;yo dk nk;ae j? fe f;yo dk ;akfJo, fJ; dk nsk gsk T[; dh p//ypoh
dZ;/rh. eth nkydk j?i/
w?_ f;nkDk j[zdk, u/szB j[zdk, c/o w?_ fiT[_dk Bjh_ ofj ;eDk ;h, fJj rZb th
gsk Bjh_ w?_ fiT[_dk jK fe w[odk, u/szB jK fe iVQ. w?_ Bjh_, e'Jh j'o fJj c?;bk
eo/. ;tkb eodk j?- e[dos ;z[dosk ns/ ia[bw B{z fJe' gzikbh ftu feT[_ i'Vdh j?
id'_ fe d'tK dk e'Jh w/b Bjh_. d[y ns/ fwmk; w/o/ fdb ftu fJeZm/ feT[_ dkyb
j[zd/ jB? i/ e'Jh w?B{z ej/ d'tK ftu'_ fe; dk fsnkr eoBk j?? fpBk ;'funK w?_
nkyKrk- fwmk; dk. ftS'Vk ;dhth j?, fi; dh T[wo bzwh j'J/, T[; Bkb d';sh
mhe oj/rh.
nkydk j?- d[y dk ekoB fJj j? fe w? _ Xosh B{z th fgnko eodk jK, n;wkB B{z th.
fijV/ e/tb fJe B{z fgnko eod/ jB T[; ;[yh ofjzd/ jB. Xosh B{z fgnko eoB tkb/
;cb d[Bhnkdko jB. oZp B{z fgnko eoB tkb/ ceho ;zs[;aN jB. w?_ fe;/ gk;/ dk Bjh_.
fJe gk;/ j' iKdk, fJj w?B[z{ d/o gfjbK c?;bk eoBk ukjhdk ;h. go fJj c?;b/ eotkT[_dk
e"D j?, T[; dk f;oBktK sK gsk bZr/? fJ;/ T[X/Vp[D ftu'_ T[; d/ pkia dk ne; T[Godk j?
i' Xosh s/ p?mk ;{oi Bkb nZy fwbkT[_dk j?, fco gzfinK ftu cVB tk;s/ ;{oi tZb T[vkD
Godk j?. gkme ;wM fojk j?, fJ; pkia dk Bkw wkJheb/_ib' j?.
T[;dh gzesh j?- s{z X'yk Bjh_ ykXk, jkoK Bjh_ d/yhnK, wsbp fe s{z y/v Bjh_ y/vh
fwZso. jkfonK j'fJnK d/ edw S[j, T[j s/o/ Bkb'_ pj[s tZv/ jB. i' ;wM frnk fe ;G
e[M fwb frnk, T[j ;G s'_ tZvh rbs cfjwh dk f;eko j'fJnk. ikDeko T[j j? i' ikD
frnk fe eZy Bjh_ fwfbnk. w/o/ Bkb jwdodh isk e/ w?B{z iaywh Bk eo', s[jkvh G/ih
wZdd w?B{z ;aofwzdrh fdzdh j?_. Xotk; d/ e/ w?B{z b[ZN' Bk, w/o/ e'b pkeh pfunk jh eh j??
ftZN'ohnk B{z :kd eofdnK fbydk j?- ;[zdosk T[j gZEo j? fijVk w/o/ f;o T[go
tZik. fJj gZEo pfDnk jh w?B{z esb eoB tk;s/ ;h. nZr B/ gZEo B{z u[{Bk pDk fdsk.
w/o/ jzM{nK Bkb fJj u{Bk j[D y[o ikJ/rk. j[D fJj j'o gZEoK B{z i'VB d/ ezw nkJ/rk.
fJ;ae d/ Gko B/ w?B{z dZp fbnk. fJ; d[y s'_ puD tk;s/ edh w?_ ozrK tZb d"Vdk jK edh
S?Dh s/ jE"Vh bGdk jK. o'w dhnK wjkB ezXK T[go w?_ nkgD/ d[y d/ fB;akB SZv iktKrk.
35

fJe j'o eftsk ftu - id'_ s?B{z ikfDnk T[d'_ s'_ w?_ nkgD/ nkg B{z fgnko eoB bZr
fgnk, w?B{z bZrk, w?_ th e[M jK, fit/_ xfVnk j'fJnk gZEo nDxV/ Bkb'__ tZy j' ikJ/. fit/_
g/_N ehsk j'fJnk ekria ykbh ekria s'_ tZyok fdZ;/. s/oh S?Dh ns/ jE"Vh B/ w?B{z B?D Be;a
d/ fds/. w/oh e[M ehws g? ;edh j? j[D. s/ohnK ;ZNK d[ydkJh brdhnK ;B, j[D gsk
bZrk s/oh S?Dh d/ iaywK ekoB b'e w/o/ tZb f;o M[ek e/ bzxd/ jB. w?_ ikd{wJh ;aeshnK
Bkb nfijk jfEnkopzd j'fJnk jK fae gkDh, nZr w?B{z fwNk Bjh_ ;eDr/, s/ok Bkw b? e/ w?_
nzfBQnK B{z Biao d/ ;eKrk, s/ok Bkw b? e/ nkgD/ j'mK Bkb ;z;ko dk iafjo u{; btKrk.
ftN'ohnk dh :kd ftu fbfynk- w?_ fwNh dk ykbh ;Kuk ;K fi; ftu ;'Bk Ykb e/
gkfJnk frnk. ;Kuk s'V e/ ;akBdko w{osh fBeb/rh. w?B{z fJ; rZb dk ozi Bjh_
fe ;Kuk feT[_ s'fVnk. Yb/ ;'B/ B{z o{g d/ frnk, j'o ;Ku/ dk eh eoBk ;h? w/o/
fJ;ae dh nZr B/ ;'Bk Ykfbnk, fwNh d/ ;Ku/ B{z ;'Bk fwfbnk, ;'B/ B{z o{g fwfbnk,
s{z s/ w?_ ;zg{oB j'J/. nZyK okjh_ s{z w/o/ nzdo T[soh. jT[fenK ns/ jzM{nK okjh_ pu
e/ pj[s E'Vh pkjo rJh, s{z w/o/ nzdo j?_ s/ oj/_rh.
w?_ gZEoK B{z nkgD/ fgS/ s[oB bkfJnk, w?_ bk;a B{z p'bD bk fdZsk. cfo;afsnK B{z w?_
n;wkB' iawhB T[go T[sko b?_dk jK, go s{z sK bj{ wk; j?_, ;kv/ ftu'_ j?_ fJe, s/o/
ftu fezBhnk ;zGktBktK jB, s?B{z eh gsk.
- w/ohnK BiaoK s/o/ ti[d ftu'_ dh gko bzx iKdhnK jB go w/o/ g?o fJe fJzu
nZr/ Bjh_ tXd/. fiE/ o{j ik ;edh j?, fi;w Bjh_ ik ;edk. i' uZb Bk ;e/ T[j
w[odk j?. w/ok fi;w e/tb nZy j[zdk, w?_ ;zg{oB j' ikDk ;h.
e'Jh fwZso fwbD nkT[_dk, wkJheb dhnK nZyK so j' iKdhnK go S/sh p/u?B j' e/
T[m yb'_dk, nkydk- w/ok ezw pekfJnk fgnk j?, eoBk g?D?, pj[shnK rZbK Bjh_ eo ;edk.
d';s ykfDnK dh dknts fdzd/, fBwosk Bkb BKj eo fdzdk, nkydk- e/tb ezw Bjh_, nkj
d/y' doiDk f;yKdo{ w/o/ w[{zj tZb, jZEK tZb d/yd/ ofjzd/ B/, fJBQK dk ;wK th ehwsh j?,
w/o/ nX{o/ ezw fJjh g{o/ eoBr/. fywk wzr b?_dk.
eo'u/ dh okfJ j? - wkJhebJ/ _ib' tZvk eth Bjh_ go T[; dh eftsk d/ pzdK ftu
wjkB wkJhebJ/_ib' fdZ;h iKdk j?.
_______
36

2 - tkB rkr
(30-03-1853 - 27-07-1890)
**T[m tkB, ;t/ok j' frn?,** T[o;[b B/ fejk. ukj d/ rJh, wK dk ys cVk rJh.
T[o;[b dh ftXtk wK B/ fBek fijk Bo;oh ;e{b y'fbQnk j'fJnk ;h. e[Vh T[Bh ;kb dh
;[jDh S?b Sphbh ;h, u[bp[bh. tkB B/ fJ; xo ftu ewok feokJ/ s/ fbnk j'fJnk ;h.
;?ezvoh gk; eoe/ s;thoK t/uD tkbh ezgBh r{gb} ftu B"eo j' frnk. fJj e[Vh T[jB{z
pVh uzrh brdh. tkB pkJh ;kb dk j' frnk ;h s/ gzi g"Iv jcsk dh B"eoh. T[;B/
c?;bk eo fbnk fe T[o;[b Bkb rZb eo/rk. c?;bk sK eJh tko eo b?Idk, go rZb eoB
dh fjzws BjhI gJh. eJh s;thoK pVhnK ;[jDhnK brdhnK, go yohddko w{oy j[zd/. fJe
fdB fJe i'Vk g/IfNzr yohdD nkfJnk. nkdwh B{z fJe ;hBoh ;[jDh bZrh, n"os p'bh - go
fJj e[Zsk sK fpbe[b T[;/ soQk dk j? fi; B/ w?B{z tZfYnk ;h. dck eo' fJjB{z.
T[o;[b tk;s/ tkB fJe ;[jDh g/IfNzr yohd e/ fbnkfJnk. d'jK B/ ob e/ ezX T[go
Nzrh, e[Vh B/ ufjefdnK fejk - J/Bh ;[jDh g/IfNzr pDkT[D tkbk pzdk fezBk fgnkok j'J/rk
tkB ! nZXk xzNk s;tho NzrD ftu bzx frnk go tkB s'I e'Jh rZb Bk j'Jh. T[o;[b
wzwh e'b ikD tk;s/ s[o gJh sK tkB B/ fgS'I tki wkoh - T[o;[b ! T[o;[b o[e rJh.
tkB d/ jZE ezpD bZr/. T[o;[b B/ fejk - mzY j? tkB, nzdo uZbhJ/. tkB B/ sK e'Jh rZb
eoBh ;h, T[j nzdo feT[I iKdk< - BjhI T[o;[b, nzdo BjhI ikDk, s/o/ Bkb rZb eoBh j?.
- eh rZb eoBh j? tkB< tkB B/ fejk - t?;/ s?B{z gsk Jh n? fijVh rZb eoBh n?I w?I.
T[o;[b w?B{z s{z uzrh brdh n?I, w?I s?B{z nkgDh gsBh d/ o{g ftu d/yD dk fJS[e jK.
- s/oh gsBh tkB< fJj fet/I j' ;ed?< n;zGt. fJe ;kb gfjbK w/oh sK wzrDh
th j' u[Zeh j?.
- fe; Bkb<
-T[j', eh s{z w/o/ wzr/so B{z fwfbnk BjhI edh< eh w?I s/o/ Bkb rZb BjhI ehsh< fi;
ewo/ ftu s{z ofjB?, fJ;/ ftu fojk eodk ;h T[j. w?I ;'funk s?B{z gs?.
- go T[o;[b w?I s?B{z fgnko eoB bZr fgnk jK.
- fJ; ftu w/ok eh e;{o< w?I s?B{z d';s ;wfMnk e/tb.
- id'I dk w?I fJ; ewo/ ftu nkfJnK, T[j nkfJnk edh<
- Bk, ;kb j' frn? rJ/ B{z t/b} ftu. fJBQK rowhnK dhnK S[ZNhnK ftu nkJ/rk
fwbD.
- go ;kb ftu sK s{z G[Zb rJh j'J/Irh T[jB{z< tkB B/ s/}h Bkb T[o;[b B{z
rbteVh ftu b? e/ u[zw fbnk. nkgD/ nkg B{z S[vk e/ T[o;[b s/} edwh rJh, fco o[e
e/ fejk - bkb w{zjK w{oy.
w[V e/ T[o;[b B/ T[;B{z ukj dk eZg BjhI fdZsk, Bk po/eck;N tes fdZ;h. T[j
u[gukg ezgBh dh d[ekB ftu ubk iKdk go rkjeK Bkb o[Zyk tshok j' frnk. tkg; FkwhI
xo nkfJnk sK wK Xh j"bh j"bh rZbK eo ojhnK ;B, T[; d/ nkT[D s/ u[Zg eo rJhnK.
T[; Bkb gfjbK tork tshok BjhI fojk.
fJe Fkw T[;B/ T[o;[b prhu/ ftu fJeZbh yb'sh d/yh, B}dhe ubk frnk, fejk -
w?B{z nc;'; j? T[o;[b, w?I T[; fdB s/o/ Bkb tXheh ehsh. mzY/ bc}K ftu T[o;[b B/ fejk
- SZv go/ T[; rZb B{z. G[Zb ikj.
- go i' w?I fejk ;h T[o;[b, T[j fdb'I fejk ;h, ;Zu fejk ;h.
- go j[D, d[jokT[D dk eh bkG<
- w?I ikDdK T[o;[b, T[; w[zv/ B{z s{z fgnko eo Jh Bh ;edh.
- tkB s{z ed'I ikD?I S[ZNhnK eZND nkgD/ xo<
- i[bkJh ftu.
- mhe j'fJnk. i[bkJh ftu Jh nkT[D? T[jB/. s/o/ tkb/ ewo/ ftu oj/rk.
- go w?I fejVk ykbh ehs? ewok<
37

- eoBk gJ/rk. fJj ewok ;kB{z ukjhd?. s{z nkgDk ;wkB p/FZe Bkb b? ikj, p/Fe
fes/ j'o oZy. j[D s?B{z ikDk gJ/rk. i/ Bk ikJ/Irk sK wK s?B{z j[ew dJ/rh.
xo tk;s/ o/b rZvh s/ ;tko j' frnk. fgsk fEUv'o ;N/FB s/ g[Zso B{z b?D
nkfJnk j'fJnk ;h. T[j gkdoh ;h, FkBdko ;c?d fbpk; gfjBdk. froi/ d/ Bkb ;[jD/
prhu/ ftu wkfgnK dh fojkfJF tk;s/ e'mh pDh j'Jh. wK n?Bk eoB'bhnk s/ uko ;kb
S'Nk Gok EhU. FKs wkj"b. wK B/ g[Zso B{z Sksh Bkb x[ZN fbnk - w/ok ftB;?IN. wK ;kdh
fijh ;h, T[;B{z bZrdk d[BhnK ftu e'Jh pzdk p[ok BjhI. fgsk T[bN, T[;B{z ;kok ijkB u'oK
mZrK Bkb Gfonk fd;dk.
d' e[ fdBK ftu wK B{z bZrk tkB mhe BjhI e[M. ew}'o fijk th bZrdk j?, rZbK
eofdnK fe;/ j'o gk;/ ubk iKdk j?.
- s{z mhe j?I tkB< wK B/ g[fSnk. fgsk B/ fejk - i/ bzvB ftu s/ok fdb BjhI
brdk w?I s/oh pdbh g?fo; ftu eotk fdzBk.
- BjhI, e'Jh rZb BjhI, tkB B/ fejk. mhe n? bzvB.
fgsk B/ fejk - tkB, w/ok gkgk th gkdoh ;h. w/ok ih eodk j[zd? s{z th gkdoh
j'J/I, pVh fJ}s j?. go J/Bh ;ys fwjBs e"D eo/< s{z gVQB'I esokT[Idk j?I. n?w;Novw
ftu s/ok ukuk ofjzd?. w?I T[; Bkb rZb ehsh ;h. i/ s{z gVQBk ukj/I, T[j y[Fh Bkb s/oh
wZdd eo/rk.
- BjhI, jkb/ w?I B"eoh BjhI SZvDh.
S[ZNhnK w[ZehnK, tkB ikD tk;s/ fsnko j' frnk. wK B/ g[ZfSnk - T[;/ f;oBkt/I s/
ys fbfynk eoK tkB<
tkB B/ fejk - BjhI. w?I j[D EK pdbKrk.
- mhe j? tkB. w? I T[; gfotko B{z ikDdh nK s/o/ wkbe wekB tkbhnK B{z. T[j
b'e ;jh BjhI. T[BQK d/ G/s e'Jh BhI ikDdk. tkB T[j e[Vh ;jh BhI. s?B{z pVh tXhnk vZu
e[Vh Bkb ftnkjKr/.
tkB j?okB j[zdk rZvh uVQ frnk - wK B{z fJBQK rZbK dk fet/I gsk bZrk<
bzvB ik e/ T[;B/ j'o ewok feokJ/ s/ b? fbnk i' T[o;[b d/ xo'I pj[s f}nkdk
d{o BjhI ;h. T[; gk;/ ikD tk;s/ p/u?B ofjzdk. d[ekB T[go fdb Bk brdk. rkjeK Bkb
mhe g/F Bk nkT[Idk. w?B/io B/ T[; dh fJe d' tko MkV Mzp th ehsh. tkB B/ fejk -
w/ok ihn BhI eodk fe p/te{c b'eK dh ewkJh w?I b[ZN btK. d/y' sK ;jh fej' fij/ p/eko
fuZsoK T[s/ w{zj wzrh oew d/D tk;s/ fsnko B/.
-w?B/io B/ fejk w?I ezgBh wkbe B{z ejKrk s/oh pdbh eo d/D. fi; B{z i' uh}
uzrh bZr/, T[j T[jh yohd/rk fe s/oh wo}h uZb/rh< jZd j' rJh j[D.
;odhnK i'pB s/ ;B. tkB T[o;[b tkbh rbh ftu'I dh bzfxnk iKdk ;h, d/fynk
gfotko feq;fw; wBkT[D dh fsnkoh ftu j?. B/V/ nkfJnk sK gsk bZrk gkoNh uZb ojh
j?. g{ok o"bk oZgk, jk;k w}ke. s/}h Bkb xo frnk, F/t ehsh, ;{N gfjfBnK s/ T[o;[b
d/ xo tZb s[o fgnk. xzNh tikJh. T[o;[b B/ p{jk y'fbQnk, jok rkT{B gk e/ y{p ;ih
j'Jh.
tkB B/ fejk- T[o;[b.
- ubk ikj fJE'I. s[os. fJj efj e/ T[;B/ cNkZe p{jk pzd eo fdZsk.
tkB B/ bzvB SZvD dk, B"eoh SZvD dk c?;bk ehsk s/ xo gos nkfJnk. nk e/
fgsk B{z fejk - s[jkvh fJZSk nB[;ko Xkofwe ftZfdnk jk;b eoKrk fgsk ih. fgsk B/ y[F
j' e/ n?w;Novw G/i fdsk fiE/ T[; B{z dkybk fwb frnk. ;ys gkmK B{z oZN/ bkT[Idk,
uou dhnK ohsK o;wK f;ydk. fJe n?stko ;ko/ ezw fBGk e/ bzvB ikD tk;s/ rZvh cVh.
T[o;[b dh rbh ik e/ d/fynk HHHHHHH o"DeK jh o"DeK. T[;B/ rtKYh B{z g[fSnk - T[Xo fe;
rZb dk F'o Fokpk j?< dZf;nk
38

- T[o;[b dk ftnkj j' foj?. fJj rZbK j' Jh ojhnK ;B fe T[o;[b nkgD/ gsh dk jZE
cVh pZxh ftu ;tko j'D bJh p{fjUI pkjo nkJh. tkB u[g ukg d{i/ gk;/ fy;e frnk.
tkB dk ukuk B/th nc;o foNkfJo j'fJnk ;h. pZu/ nkg' nkgD/ fNekfDnK s/
o[}rko ftu bZr/ j'J/ ;B, tZv/ xo ftu nkokw Bkb fdB fpsk fojk ;h. fe;/ Fkw todh
;ik b?Idk sK g{ok o'np j[zdk, fJe fdB wk;V ;NfoZeo nkfJnk efjD bZrk, s?B{z bkshBh
s/ :{BkBh f;ykT[D tk;s/ w?I fpjsohB nfXnkge bZG fbn? tkB, ;'wtko B{z T[; e'b
fbiktKrk. eZbQ n?stko d[gfjo dk ykDk ;kv/ tZb. s/oh wk;h s/ ;kvh r[Zvh e/ s?B{z :kd
eodhnK ofjzdhnK B/. mhe<
- wk;h B{z s/ ef}B e/ B{z w/ok ;bkw nkyDk nzeb, tkB B/ fejk.
wk;V dk xo pVk tZvk s/ FkBdko ;h. xo d/ Bkb yfjzdh j'Jh Bfjo tr ojh
;h, gNVh T[go whbK sZe o[ZyK dh esko. Bfjo ftu feFshnK s?o ojhnK ;B. wk;h pj[s
fgnko Bkb fwbh. rZbK eofdnK ;[DZyh gsbh r'oh e[Vh nkJh s/ fejk - s{z w?B{z ikDdk
BhI tkB, w?I s/oh e}B nK e/. d/y SZph ;kb dh j'e/ s?B{z fwbh, s/ s{zHHHHHHHHs{zHHHHHHHH< - w?I
u"th ;kb dk jK. wk;h B/ w?B{z eJh tko ys fby e/ fejk ;h tkB fe s[jkB{z fwbD nktK.
p;, nZi eZbQ s/ rZb g?Idh g?Idh fJE/ nk rJh. tkB B{z T[;dhnK rZbK uzrhnK bZrhnK.
pVh ;bhe/ tkbh e[Vh bZrh.
- oKpK s?B{z d/y b?Idk sK pVh tXhnk s;tho pDkT[Idk e/.
- feZE/, T[j sK pd;{os iBkBhnK dhnK w{osK pDkT[Idk pDkT[Idk wo frnk.
- BjhI e/, s?B{z T[;d/ j[Bo dk gsk BjhI, T[;dhnK ;kohnK g/IfNzr} ;[jDhnK n"osK
dhnK B/ fiBQK d/ fujfonK T[go dod ns/ ;'r g;fonk j'fJn?. T[j nzdobk d[y pkjo
fdykT[D d/ ;woZE ebkeko ;h.
fJzB/ B{z fJe i[nkB B}dhe nkfJnk, e/ B/ dZf;nk - fJj w/ok gsh j? tk;, s/ tk;
fJj w/ok e}B tkB j?. ;ko/ iD/ ykDk ykD bJh nkg' nkgDhnK e[o;hnK s/ ik p?m/.
FkwhI tkg; g[Zi e/ gVQkJh F[o{ ehsh. ;koh gVQkJh n"yh ;h go tkB fdb SZvD
tkbk BjhI ;h. nZXh nZXh oks sZe dhtk pbdk.
e[M jcfsnK bJh uku/ B/ d{o ikDk ;h. fJe Fkw tkB nkgDh wk;h d/ xo ubk
frnk. ;ko/ sgke Bkb fwb/, fejk - fizBk fuo s/ok ukuk tkg; BjhI nkT[Idk, Fkw dk
ykDk fJE/ ;kv/ e'b ykfJnk eo s/ n?stko d/ fdB ;ko/ fJeZm/ fojk eoKr/. ykDk yk e/
pkeh b'e skF y/vD bZr/. tkB B{z skF nkT[Idh BjhI ;h, T[j feskp b? e/ p?m frnk.
fJe fdB ukuk T[; B{z j/mK rohp p;shnK tZb b? frnk - d/y tkB, fJj J/B/
rohp B/ fe fpwko j' ikD, dtkJh tk;s/ g?;/ BjhI, fBeh fijh M"IgVh ftu ;ko/ fJeZm/, e'Jh
gqkJht/;h BjhI. nZi ;ys w}d{oh eoBr/ sK eZbQ B{z o'Nh fwb/rh. oZp dh b'V fJBQK B{z
pj[sh j?. ;kv/ tkb/ gk;/ d/ T[u/ b'eK tk;s/ sK oZp nwho p[ZYk j? fijVk nkokw Bkb
gkJhg ghJh iKd? - d[BhnK dk fceo eoB tk;s/ T[; e'b ;wK BjhI.
- :kBh fe nwho b'e petk;h j[zd/ B/, tkB B/ fejk .
- w?I fJj rZb BjhI ejh tkB, uku/ B/ fejk.
- w?I ejh j? nzeb. fJj rZb sK w?I nkyh j?.
tkB B{z bzvB d/yhnK rohp p;shnK :kd nk rJhnK. fezBh ;ys f}zdrh. fJE/
nwho uouK ftu gkdoh nwhoK B{z :Z;{ dhnK, oZp dhnK rZbK ;[DkT[Idk j?. fJj rZbK
Xotk; fdzdhnK jB. go nwhoK B{z Xotk; dh b'V Jh Bh. fJj rZbK sK rohpK tk;s/
fbyhnK ;B tv/fonK B/. nwhoK bJh pkJhpb F[rb dk ;wkB j?.
fJe ;t/o uku/ B/ fejk - B"eo B/ dZf;nk tkB fe s{z ;koh ;koh oks BjhI ;"Idk.
;t/o/ uko ti/ sZe s/oh bkbN?D irdh ofjzdh j?.
- jK nzeb. gk; j'Dk gt/rk. - fezB/ xzN/ gVQdk j[zB?<
- thj xzN/ n";sB. - go s/o/ wkfgnK B/ w?B{z fJj th sK fej? Bk fe s/ok fynkb oZyK. -
go nzeb gk; j'D? Bk. BhId nkokw, jwdodh, y[Fh pr?o ezw uZb iKd?. oZp dh fJZSk
nwb ftu fbnkT[D tk;s/ ;ysh eoBh gt/rh nzeb.
39

ukuk fJj ;'udk ubk frnk - tkB rkr gfotko edh c/bQ BjhI j[zdk. tkB d/
fdwkr ftu fJe fynkb fBozso x[zwdk ofjzdk - nbipo/ d/ ;tkb, iw?Noh dhnK fse'BK,
bkshBh, :{BkBh dh rokwo nkdwh d/ d[y fet/I d{o eoBr/< ikjb, fpwko, T[dk;, fdFkjhD,
rohp wB[Zysk B{z FkfJd w/oh b'V j't/. T[;B/ nkgD/ nfXnkgeK B{z fejk - w/ok fdb chbv
toe eoB B{z eodk j?. fszB wjhfBnk pkd ghNo;B B/ fejk - s?B{z p?bihnw G/i e/
d/yKr/ eh eod?I.
pkeh pZu/ oZN/ wkod/. nfXnkge id'I nkydk - fJj uou j?, pZfuU, gqG{ d/ p'b
;[DkU, gqtuB ej'. pZu/ cNkcN fpBk o[e/ gkm ;[Dk fdzd/. tkB e'b Fpd Bk j[zd/, o[e o[e
p'bdk, fdb'I p'bdk, go fJE/ GktBk dh b'V BjhI, cNk cN tke p'bD dh iKu nkT[Dh
ukjhdh j?. nfXnkge r[Z;/ ftu nkydk - tkB fJjh fsnkoh j? s/oh< s/ok eh pD/rk< pkeh
pZfunK B{z gk; eoe/ ty ty EktK s/ uouK ftu G/i fdsk. tkB ni/ fJ; ekpb BjhI
j'fJnk. T[; d/ fdb nzdo s{ckB T[mD bZrk sK T[;B/ fJj nky e/ o'fenk - :;{ s{ckBK
ftu FKs ofjzdk ;h. w?I fJeZbk BjhI jK. w/o/ Bkb oZp j?.
fJe fdB nfXnkge gkdoh ghNo;B B/ fejk - nZi w/o/ xo ykDk ykD nkJhI tkB.
tkB B/ F[eokBk eofdnK jK fejk. ykDk yKfdnK gkdoh B/ fejk - p?bihnw d/ dZyD tb
ykD w}d{oK dh p;sh j? tkB. pj[s rohp jB. ;ys fwjBs eoe/ th g{oh o'Nh i'r/ g?;/
BjhI fwbd/. oZp dh pj[sh b'V T[BQK B{z j?. fJ; EK dk Bkw p'oB/i j?. i/ s{z T[E/ ubk
ikJ/I<
tkB B/ g[ZfSnk - go u'D ew/Nh B/ sk w?B{z n:'r eoko d/ fdZsk j?. gkdoh B/
fejk - w?I gqpzX eoKrk. s{z ik e/ ezw F[o{ eo. w? I ew/Nh B{z wBk e/ s?B{z fB:[esh gZso
fGitk fdnKrk. w?B{z :ehB n? tkB, s/o/ ;[Gkn s'I tkec jK, s{z ekw:kp j'J/Irk, u'D ew/Nh
fJ
e fdB gSskJ/rh fe s?B{z T[;B/ n:'r ;wM fbnk ;h. fiE/ w?I s?B{z G/i fojK, T[BQK b'eK B{z
s/oh b'V j?. oZp y[F j'J/rk.
tkB dZ;h rJh EK g[Zi frnk. o/b dh fyVeh ftu'I T[u/ T[u/ ekb/ gjkV d/y/. Bkb
p?m/ pzd/ B{z g[ZfSnk - fJj ekb/ feT[I jB< T[;B/ dZf;nk - fJ; nkpkdh ftu e'b/ dhnK
ykDk jB. p/eko e'bk, p/eko ;[nkj T[go sZe ;[ZNh iKd/ jB, nj[ d/y, fJe Nokbh ekbh
e/oh Y/oh eoe/ j/mK tZb nk ojh j?. ;[nkj Y/o T[go ;[ZNh j?, rodr[pko dk ekbk pZdb
T[fmnk j?. w?I gzikj ;kb s'I fJj gjkV T[u/ T[md/ d/y fojK.
tkB fgzv ftu nk g[Zik. M"IgVh B[wk N[ZN/ GZi/ xo sK jB go J/Bh thokBrh feT[I
j?< e'Jh pzdk fd;dk Jh Bh feXo/. e'Jh e'Jh n"os y[Fe j'm, T[dk; fujok, ykbh nZyK
tkbh d/yh. fJe wekB e[M uzrk ;h. fJj p/eoh tkb/ v?fB; dk ;h. tkB fJ; xo frnk.
v?fB; B/ dZf;nk fe s/o/ nfXnkge dk ys nk frnk ;h. o'Nh y[nkJh. fJe fBZek fijk
ewok ofjD bJh fdZsk.
fdB fSgD t/b/ yZvK ftu'I ehfVnK tKr ekb/ w}d{o pkjo fBebd/, xoK tZy gosd/
d/y/. j"bh j"bh tkB B{z gsk bZrk fJj ykDk pj[s ysoBke jB. ezw eoB T[sod/, uVQd/,
r?; okjhI, ft;c'N okjhI, gkDh ftu v[Zp e/, ezXK YfjD ekoB pV/ w}d{o wod/. nZm/ gfjo/
T[uhnK fuwBhnK ekbk X{nK ybkodhnk. X{J/I ekoB doys ;[Ze rJ/. g{oB thokBrh dk
nkbw. fJ; npkdh B{z ekbk fgzv th fejk iKdk ;h. ;kok fdB j/mK jB/o/ ftu ezw eoe/
pkjo fBebd/ sK u"IXe brdh, nZyK ftu'I gkDh trh iKdk. ;Zs ;" whNo v{zx/ gskb ftu
;kok fdB fgzv S[fgnk j'fJnk ezw eodk ofjzdk. g?Ish e[ ;kb dh T[wo sZe pzfdnK d/
c/cV/ mhe ofjzd/ jB p; fco ezw swkw.
Fkwh v?fB; B/ xo c'ow?B i?e ykD/ tk;s/ p[bk fbnk. T[;B/ dZf;nk - wK B/ uko
nZyo gVQB fbyD d/ f;yk fdZs/ ;B fi; eoe/ ezgBh B// w?B{z jk}oh j{ioh bkT[D d/ ;"y/
ezw s/ bk fdZsk. p; o'Nh fwbh iKdh j?. fJj efjzfdnK T[; B{z T[j yzx fSVh fe d/o
sZe Bk o[eh.
40

nrb/ fdB i?e nkfJnk s/ fejk - nk tkB nkpkdh d/yhJ/. fJe M"IgVh dk dotk}k
yVekfJnk, ew}'o fijh n"os B/ p{jk y'fbQnk. fszB pZu/ ezpb ftu fbgN/ p?m/ ;B. wzi/
j/m pZeoh p?mh ;h. fJe y{zi/ ftu yor'FK B/ yZv g[ZNh j'Jh ;h. eZuk coF, SZs T[go
T[Zbh. fJe fBek ;N?Iv gzi ;Zs GKv/. SZph ;kb dh T[wo ftu jh phs uZbh ;h. p'bh -
fezB/ fdBK pkd nkfJn?I i?e. s/ok s/ s/o/ d';s dk ;[nkrs. n"os dk gsh d/eo{ F/yh
wkfonk eodk ;h - w?B{z BhI e[F j[zdk. w?I p[ZYk j' e/ nkokw Bkb wzih s/ Jh wo{zrk. d/y
fbT[ p/Fe. ykD YfjD ekoB T[;d/ Bkb d/ 29 w}d{o dpe/ wo rJ/ ;B, gzi fdB pkd
fJeZbk fiT[Idk fBefbnk. bZs N[ZN rJh ;h. sK th g{ok ezw eodk. T[;B/ fejk - d/y
tkB rkr, n;hI r[bkw BjhI, n;hI sK ikBto jK. nZm B"I ;kb d/ pZu/ ezw s/ bZr iKd/
B/. u"dK u"dK xzN/ ezw. d[gfjo/ o'Nh ykD tk;s/ 15 fwzN p;. sBykj ftu'I i/ nmZBh eZN
b?D, n;hI G[Zy Bkb wo ikJhJ/. i/ wo rJ/ fco ezw fet/I uZb/rk< ;' woB sK BjhI d/Dr/,
go ;kvk fiT[Dk d/y. fpwko j'D T[s/ dtkJh BjhI fwb/rh, pzd/ e[Zs/ dh w"s wod/ jB, T[BQK
d/ pZu/ wzrs/ j' iKd/ B/. nZm ;kb dh T[wo ftu ezw F[o{, pZsh ;kb fBozso w[FZes eoB
pkd n";sB ukbh ;kb dh T[wo/ w"s. f;oc n?stko tkb/ fdB ;{oi fd;d?.
p/eoh d/ fgSb/ gk;/ dk EK ;kc eoe/ tkB B/ cZN/ oZy bJ/ s/ n?stko d/ gqtuB
;[DB tk;s/ M"IgVhnK ftu ;[B/jk G/i fdZsk. e[M cZN/ p?mD tk;s/ oZy fdZs/. shj ukbh tZv/
S'N/ nk p?m/. ;kfonK B/ mzv s'I puD bJh nkgDhnK w[ Zehnk eZSK ftu dZp oZyhnK ;B.
tkB B/ pkJhpb y'bQh - gVQh - okshI gkb B/ fJe B}kok d/fynk, wed{BhnK dk fJe pzdk
yb'sk T[;B{z efjD bZrk - ;kvh pKj cVB tk;s/ wed{BhnK nk gkb. fJ; p;sh d/
w}d{oK tor/ jh ;B wed{BhnK d/ pkfFzd/. oZp rohpK T[go ofjw eodk j?. nZ:kF b'eK
B{z ;}k fwb/rh. nkyoh fdB s[;hI ;G pyF/ ikUr/. ;[or dh je{ws fwb/rh.
fdB tes T[j fpwkoK dh ypo b?Idk, gqkoEBk eodk. T[;B/ d/fynk fe mzY Bkb
ezp oj/ jB, eZgV/ BjhI, w?I fJzB/ eZgV/ eh eoB/ B/< b'VtzdK ftu tzvh iKdk. T[;B/
x[zwfdnk fJe fdB tZvk ;kok sp/bk ykbh d/fynk. e'Jh BjhI tosdk ;h. T[;B/ fJ;/ dk
froik pDk fbnk. ;" nkdwh nkokw Bkb p?m ;ed/ ;B.
fJe fdB T[; B{z ckdo ghNo;B dk ys fwfbnk. fbfynk ;h - fgnko/ tkB, gsk
bZr/ s{z uzrk ezw eo foj?I. n;hI s?B{z S/ wjhfBnK tk;s/ oZy fbn? i{B sZe. jo wjhB/ s?B{z
50 coKe fwbd/ ofjDr/.
tkB pj[s y[F j'fJnk. bT[ ih nkgDk youk sK fBeb/rk j[D nkokw Bkb. ;r'I
fJ; ftu'I dtkJhnk th yohfdnk eoKrk woh}K tk;s/. w"iK bZr rJhnK. fgsk B{z pj[s
fgnkok ys fby e/ fJj y[Fypoh dZ;h. Fkw B{z uko s'I nZm ;kb d/ pZfunK B{z gVQBk
fbyDk f;ykD bZrk. froi/ ftu ebk; bZrh.
n"osK dh fJe N'bh s[oh ik ojh ;h. o;s/ ftu tkB nk frnk, ;kohnK B/ ;bkw
ehsk. tkB B/ g[ZfSnk - feE/ uZbhnK j'< dZf;nk - e'bk u[DB. p/eko nky e/ ;[ZN/ rJ/ e'b/
ftu'I e[M fijVk ezw dk j[zdk j? T[j n;hI nkgD/ tk;s/ u[r fbnkT[IdhnK jK. ;kv/ Bkb nk
ikj, s?B{z dZ;KrhnK fejVk pbD:'r j[zd?. s?B{z th sK nZr dh b'V gJ/rh. tkB T[BQK Bkb
s[o fgnk. e[VhnK B/ tZy tZy F/v d/ e'fJb/ fdyk e/ dZf;nk - fJ; ozr tkbk mhe j?,
pkeh p/eko. j[Dk cNk cN nkg' nkgDhnK N'eohnK Go'. E'V/ fdBK pkd tkB d/ fujo/ T[go
ekbhnK behoK B}o nkT[D bZrhnK. nkpkdh ftu fe;/ d/ xo ;kpD BjhI ;h, Bk d[ekB
ftu'I fwb ;edh ;h. tkB B{z fJ;dk fceo BjhI. T[j fJBQK b'eK ftu fJBQK tork pDe/
ofjDk ukj[zdk ;h. i?e B/ fejk - s?B{z brd? s{z ;kB{z ikD frn?I< s{z Xosh d/ T[gobh
f}zdrh d/yh j?. fe;/ fdB }whB j/m b? e/ iktKrk, c/o d/yhI.
n?stko B{z froik g{ok Go frnk. tkB B/ T[gd/F fdZsk, GkJhU n;hI niBph sK jK
go fJeZb/ BjhI jK. ;kvk fgsk ;kv/ Bkb j?. Xosh ;oK j?. j"bh j"bh nkgK ;oK SZv e/
nkgD/ xo ;[or ftu iktKr/. y[FhnK dh wifb; s'I d{o oj'. fiBQK B/ :Z;{ T[go ftFtk;
fbnKdk T[BQK B{z gsk j? jo/e d[y ftu T[whd t;dh j?. jBQ/o/ ftu'I ukBD sZe o;sk
41

fwb/rk. n;hI nodk; eod/ jK fgsk, Bk d[y fwb/ Bk nZ:kFh. ykD i'rh o'Nh d/j p;.
nkwhB. ekbw{zjhI ;zrs B/ d[jokfJnk - nkwhB.
fJe ;t/o i?e B/ tkB B{z fejk - j/mK b? e/ iktKrk. jo/e ekw/ e'b nkgDh
nkgDh ;/cNh bkbN?D j[zdh j?. fi;dk fJe Bzpo jz[d?. id'I d[oxNBk tkgodh j?, T[d'I rz[w
bkbN?DK d/ BzpoK s'I gsk brd? fejVk fejVk ekwk wo frn?. uko iD/ fJe fgzio/ ftu
r[ZSwr[ZSk j' e/ p?m rJ/. fgzio/ B/ g"Dk whb yZv dk ;co s? eoe/ j/mK ikDk ;h. fgziok
nzXeko ftu j/mK T[soB bZrk sK tkB vo frnk. T[;B/ g[ZfSnk - s?B{z sK nkds g? rJh
j? i?e, s?B{z sK vo BhI brdk< i?e B/ fejk - s/sh ;kb s'I T[sodk nk fojK jK sK th
ohVQ dh jZvh vo ekoB ezp iKdh j?. e'Jh nkds BjhI gJh. j/mK ik e/ fgzio/ ftu'I pkjo
fBeb/. T[go d/fynk sK n;wkB fJe fBeh fijh w'oh ftu'I sko/ tKr fd;dk ;h. nkb/
d[nkb/ gkDh f;zw fojk ;h. r'fvnk Gko w}d{o e'fJbk g[ZN oj/ ;B, fBehnK fBehnK
fojVhnK GohnK ik ojhnK ;B.
tkB B/ g[fSnk - J/Bh ;ys fwjBs, ysoBke ezw, ezgBh J/Bh xZN sBykj feT[I
fdzdh j?< i?e B/ fejk - wkbe p/tZ; jB. w[ekpbk ;ys j?. pkeh ezgBhnK e'b tXhnk
wFhBoh j?. n;hI wkbeK B{z sBykj tXkT[D tk;s/ nkyd/ Jh Bh feT[Ife c/o c?eNoh pzd j'
ikDh j?. tZX ezw eoe/ woBk mhe j? BjhI sK G[Zy/ wo iktKr/. fJE/ jVskb j' Jh BjhI
;edh. wkbe pj[s/ nwho BjhI jB. fBehnK fBehnK bkbN?DK fJXo T[Xo fjbi[b ojhnK
;B. edh r?; nZr cV b?Idh j?, Xwkek j[zdk j?, ;G d/ d[y ysw.
tkB S/ xzN/ e[zGh Boe d/ydk fojk, fpBK ezw eoB s'I T[; B{z g;hBk S[Ndk fojk.
w}d{o yzxd/, E[Zed/, ekbh E[Ze, ekbk X{znK, ekb/ b'e. i?e B/ d[yh tkB B{z d/y e/ fejk -
fJj' ;kvk ihtB j?. jo ;t/o w"s d/ ipkV/ ftu tVBk. wbkj ikDd/ jB fJe fdB s{ckB
x/o e/ wko/rk. c/o fejVk T[j feFshnK m/bD'I jN iKd/ jB<
jcs/ wjhB/ phsd/ rJ/. fJe fdB i?e d/ xo frnk. w?vw ns/ pZu/ mzY Bkb Bhb/
j'J/ p?m/ ;B. w?vw B/ fejk - fJe ezpb ftu bg/N fdzBh nK. p?m/ ofjzd/ B/. i/ s[oB
fcoBr/ BjhI tXDr/ fet/I< tkB nkgD/ ewo/ ftu frnk. nkgDk fJe' fJe pfunk ezpb
T[BQK B{z d/ frnk. tkg; nk e/ ;'uD bZrk - Bkb dh M"IgVh ftu woh} }whB s/ b/fNnk
sVg foj?. w?I wzik eh eoB?< wzik T[;B{z ukjhd?. i/ w?I wZeko BjhI, i/ w?I :ehBB gqG{ dk
pzdk jK, c/o fJBQK uh}K d/ jZedko j'o b'e B/. T[;B? v?fB; dk ewok SZv e/ fJe fBek
fijk ewok ;;sk feokJ/ s/ b? fbnk. fJe fdB fwf;i v?fB; nkJh, d/fynk, rd?b/ dh EK
tkB B/ }whB s/ xkj c{; ftSk oZfynk j?. row eZgV/ rkfJp jB, p'bh, tkB j'F eo
j'F. fJj :;{ w;hj dk }wkBk BjhI j[D. wo ikJ/Irk fJ; soQk sK. ;G B{z gs? s{z uzrk
pzd?, B/e, jwdod n?I, s/o/ tork pzdk woBk BjhI ukjhdk. s{z ;kv/ bJh T[whd b? e/
nkfJn?I.
fJe fdB ezgBh dk wkbe nkfJnk, tkB T[;B{z fwfbnk, ekfwnk dh ;fEsh ;[XkoB
bJh fejk. wkbe p'fbnk - g?;k ftnki s/ fwbd?. w[ekpb/ dk }wkBk j?. ;kvk e'bk
tXhnk BjhI. c/o th t/uDk sK j? Jh. i/ ezw d/ xzN/ xNk d/JhJ/ sK fJjdk T[jh wsbp
n? i' sBykj tXkT[D dk j?. n?e;hv?IN xZN eoB bJh you/ dh b'V j?. g?;k BjhI. edh
edh sK w?I ezgBh pzd eoB pko/ ;'uD bZr ikBk. c/o eKpk fSV iKd?. ;?IeV/ xo G[y
Bkb wo ikDr/. w/oh rZb dk p[ok Bk wBkJhI tkB. w?I e?E'fbe jK. j[D w?I Bk;se j[zdk
ikBk fdB pfdB. ;kvh fJj jkbs n? sK oZp eh eod? c/o< oZp dk n;hI eoBk eh n?<
fJe fdB ;'uD bZrk - pZfunK B{z gVQkT[D ftu ;wK }kfJnk eodk jK. eh ezw
nkJ/rh fJj gVQkJh< pZfunK Bkb obe/ M"IgVhnK ftu pkbD i'rk e'bk feT[I Bk fJeZmk
efonk eohJ/< ekb/ b'eK ftu ezw eofdnK fdB pfdB T[;dh uwVh ekbh j[zdh rJh. mzY
ekoB e'Jh nzr Bhbk j' iKdk e'Jh ekbk. fijVh sBykj fwbdh E'Vh e[ oZy e/ pkeh
g?f;nK dk b'VhIdk ;wkB, dtkJhnK, wZbQw, gZNhnK, g/B feZbo nkfde fbnk e/ tzv fdzdk.
woh}K B{z row gkDh Bkb B[jk fdzdk. y[d ykDk ghDk, gfjBDk G[Zb iKdk, Bshik ew}'oh,
p[yko, nZyk nzdo X; rJhnK. v?eo{ d/ fszB pZfunK ftu'I fJe B{z NkJhckJhv j' frnk tkB
42

nkgDk nkyoh ezpb T[; tk;s/ b? nkfJnk sK v?eo{ B/ fejk - fszB ftu'I fJe wo frnk,
d' sK ofj ikDr/. ;kvh ;koh p;sh ftu e/tb fJe gkdoh j?, ;z;ko ftu f;oc fJe
fwjopkB pzdk, T[j j? tkB, tkB BjhI woBk ukjhdk.
w?vw v?fB; Bz{ gsk bZrk, T[j s/} edwh nkJh, fejk - ;kv/ xo nk ikj tkB.
p/eoh ftubh T[jh S'Nk ewok ykbh j?. e'Jh feokfJnk BjhI. n;hI yktKr/ s{z o'Nh yk fbnk
eohI. s{z df;nk sK eodk j?I ;ko/ gqG{ d/ pZu/ Gok jB. tkB B/ fJBeko eo fdZsk. w?vw
ipoB fJe ezpb ;[ZN rJh.
ngq?b uVQ frnk, ;odh xNh. p[yko T[so frnk. n"osK e'bk u[rD gjkVhnK T[go
uVQB bZrhnK, pZu/ y/vD tk;s/ rbhnK ftu nk rJ/. tkB B/ froi/ dh ;zrs B{z fejk -
oZp B/ fJwfsjkB b? fbnk, gk; j' rJ/. d[y xNDr/. ;{oi sg/rk, c;bK gZeDrhnK. pZu/
gzShnK fgZS/ d"VBr/. oZp fdnkb{ j?, fJB;kc g;zd j?. s[;hI Go';k oZfynk, T[;dk cb
fwb/rk, Gb/ fdB nkT[Dr/.
nrbh Fkw tkB B/ d/fynk, S'N/ tZv/ ;ko/ ykD tZb d"V oj/ ;B< eh j'fJnk< fJe
w[ zv/ B/ dZf;nk - n?e;hv?IN. ykD ftu e'Jh n?e;hv?IN j[zdk j? sK fJT[I jh d"V GZi wudh
j?. gsk bZrk, ;Zm iD/ dp rJ/ jB fiBQK ftu d; d; ;kb d/ w[ zv/ e[VhnK th ;B. E'e
ftu w"sK. uko/ gk;/ ftobkg, jkjkeko. oZp B/ eh eo fdZsk fJj<
pkoK fdB bkFK gqkgs eoB tk;s/ bZr rJ/, ftnoE. e'Jh BK bZGh. jko e/
c'ow?B efjD bZr/, feT[I skes ftnoE bkJhJ/< pkjo eZY e/ th dcB eoB/ ;B. j' rJ/
nkg/ dcB. ;po eo'. pkoK fdB ezw BjhI j'fJnk, pkoK fdBK dh sBykj BjhI fwb/rh.
tkB ;Zm pzfdnK d/ ;;eko bJh gqkoEBk eoe/ nkgDh M"IgVh ftu gofsnk, g{ok N[ZfNnk
j'fJnk, X[nKfynk j'fJnk. dotk}/ s/ d;se j'Jh. d' gkdoh nzdo nkJ/, o?tozv :K ns/
o?tozv pfoze, tkB d/ fo}edks/, fiBQK B/ S/ wjhfBnK tk;s/ B"eoh fdZsh ;h. tkB dh jkbs
d/y e/ fejk - nc;';! d[ydkfJe, ;dw/g{oB. tkB B/ ;wfMnk fJj E'e ftu wo/ w}d{oK dk
d[Zy gqrN eo oj/ jB, ;' fejk - s[;hI th ftSVhnK o{jK bJh gqkoEBk eo' ckdo.
**eh n;hI s?B{z izrbh ncohek ftu SZfvnk ;h tkB< fJE/ eh eo foj?I s{z fJBQK
ikjb b'eK ftu< fJBQK B{z eh gsk Jh;kJhns eh j[zdh j?< T[wo Go BjhI ikDBr/. s{z fJj
xkj c{; T[go fet/ b/fNnk j'fJnI?< s/o/ eZgV/, U rkv, fJj gkdoh j?< ;kvk fB:[es ehsk
j'fJn?< sk jh s?B{z S/ wjhfBnK bJh bkfJnk ;h. j[D s/oh S[ZNh, p; pj[s j' frnk.
gkrb pzdk uou dh f}zw/tkoh fet/I fBGk ;edk j?< uou dh jZse j'Jh j?. fJBQK e[fsnK
ftu ojh frnk s{z< fJe gkdoh B/ nkgD/ ;kEh B{z fejk - feT[I ;wK yokp eoBk ckdo,
fJE/ sK nkgD/ ofjD bJh uzrk j'Nb th BjhI. cNkcN tkg; s[o gJhJ/ sK fe oks sZe
nkgD/ fNekD/ s/ g[Zi ;ehJ/.
nrbh ;t/o w}d{o tkB e'b nkJ/, fejk - i?e toBh, ;kvk ;bkjeko jw/F bJh
dp rJ/ w}d{oK Bkb oZp e'b ubk frnk. T[; fgZS'I j[D s{z j?I fi;dh rZb wzfBnk eoKr/.
dZ; ezw s/ ub/ ikJhJ/ fe G[Zy Bkb wo ikJhJ/< tkB B/ fejk - ezw. w[V ezw s/ ikT[.
tkB ;'uD bZrk, c?eNoh d/ wkbe d'Fh BjhI, oZp d'Fh j?. j[D pkJhpb d/ T[gd/F
fJBQK dk eh ;ztkoBr/< oZp nzBQk ns/ p'bk j' frn?. i/ T[j w/oh, fJe gkdoh dh gqkoEBk
BjhI ;[Ddk, c/o fJBQK ekfwnK dh rZb fet/ ;[D/rk< oZp dh rZb eoBh petk; j?. uzrk j'
frnk w?B{z gkdoh dh f}zw/tkoh s'I w[es eo rJ/ s/ w?I cokv eoB'I jN frnk. co} eo'
T[j nk e/ pjkb eo d/D, w?I fJj fvT{Nh BjhI eoKrk. feE/ j? oZp< vo/ j'J/, jko/ j'J/,
jBQ/o/ ftu NZeoK wkod/, o'Id/, G[Zy/ b'e HHH d[y, o[dB, fpwkoh, }[bw d/ fFeko. tZvk d[y,
ftnkge ;'r.
T[; B{z ypo fwbh fe e/ d/ gsh dh nukBe w"s j' rJh ;h. tkB B{z fe;/ j'o
rZb dk J/Bk d[y BjhI ;h fizBk oZp y[Z; ikD dk. Gok EhU th ys fbyD'I jN frnk ;h.
;z;ko ftu T[j j[D fJeZbk ofj frnk. w}d{oK d/ xoK ftu ikD'I jN frnk, e'Jh nkT[Idk
iKdk ;bkw eodk sK f;o fjbk fdzdk BjhI e'Jh BjhI. fJ; nkpkdh Bkb e'Jh fgnko g?
frnk j't/, nfijh e'Jh rZb BjhI go j'o feXo ikt/<
43

w[V ;odhnK nk rJhnK. feskpK gVQdk ofjzdk p;. tZv/ pzfdnK dhnK fiZsK jkoK
gVQBhnK uzrhnK brdhnK. fgsk ysK ftu g[ZSdk - ihtB ftu eh eoB?, eh pDB? ;'fun?<
T[j eh T[so fdzdk< T[;B{z eh gsk ;h eh pDB?< edh fgsk edh EhU, E'V/ pj[s g?;/ G/id/
ofjzd/.
fJe fdB T[;B/ d/fynk, }whB T[go gJ/ b'j/ d/ tZv/ gjhJ/ T[go fJe p[ZYk p?mk
;h. tkB dh i/p ftu g?Bf;b ;h s/ fgsk dh fuZmh dk fJe gk;k ykbh. T[;B/ ykbh ekr}
T[go p[ZY/ dk fuso tkj fdZsk. d{o fJe w}d{o yb'sk fdf;nk. ekb/ w}d{o d/ fgS/ ekb/
gjkV ! d{ik ;e?u pD frnk. d/fynk. mhe pD/. v?fB; d/ xo pj[s e'o/ ekr} gJ/ ;B.
;ko/ u[Ze fbnkfJnk. g?Bf;b s/ opV d't/I ezw bZrhnK ofjzdhnK. T[;d/ fujo/ s/ o"De
gosD bZrh, FkfJd T[;B{z ezw fwb frnk. e'Jh }wkBk ;h id'I T[j s;thoK t/funk eodk
;h. T[d'I T[j oKpoK, f;Zb/, i{b ns/ wkoh nkfde fusoekoK B{z fwfbnk eodk. T[;B{z bzvB
ns/ n?w;Nvow dhnK g/IfNzr} :kd nkJhnK. e?Bt;K, poF, ozr :kd nkJ/ s/ fJBQK
;'jDhnK :kdK Bkb BhId nkJh.
;t/o ;ko ;[tys/ nZy y[ZbQh. Bjksk, ekr} g?Bf;b u[Zeh s/ eZbQ tkb/ b'j/ d/ gjhJ/
s/ p?m e/ ykD ftu T[sod/ w}d{oK B{z d/y d/y ;e?u pDkT[D bZrk. g?db uZb e/ pkoQK
whb d{o fJe e;p/ ftu'I ekr}, ozr s/ poF b?D uZb fgnk. fJe d[ekB g/IfNzr} Bkb
Goh d/yh. nzdo bzx frnk. fJe fJe s;tho B{z d/o sZe d/fynk. nkfyo ikD bZfrnK
d[ekBdko B/ fejk - g?;/, w/o/ e'b g?;/ j[zd,/ w?I e'Jh g/fNzr yohddk. d[ekBdko B/ fejk -
g?;/ Bk j'D sK th nkfJnk eo' ;qhwkB. yohdD tkb/ th nk ikDr/. gfjbK d/yD tkb/ sK
nkT[D.
nrb/ fdB e'fJbk u[rdhnK n"osK d/ ;e?u pDkJ/. FkwhI ykDk yk fbnk sK fejk -
w?vw v?fB;, osk p?m/ oj'. E'Vh e[ d/o. T[j p?m rJh. fuso pDk fdZsk. fuso d/yfdnK
y[F j'Jh w?vw p'bh - w?B{z gsk jh BjhI ;h tkB s{z fusoeko n?I. ewkb j?. tkB B/ fejk
- feZE/, p; y[F j'Jh ikBk ykjwykj. fdb B{z Yko;. -go fJj mhe j?, fJj sK w?I Jh
p?mh jK ekr} T[go. ;ko/ j; gJ/. jZE ftu pkJhpb cV e/ x[zwD Bkb'I rohp p;sh ftu
ekr} g?Bf;b b? e/ nktkokrodh eoBh uzrh. y/vd/ pZfunK d/ ;e?u, ykDk fsnko eodhnK
n"osK d/ fuso. w}d{o y[F j' iKd/, nkfyo tkB T[BQK dk j?, T[BQK e'b fco nkT[D bZr
fgn?.
EhU dk ys nkfJnK ;kb j' frnk ;h. tkB B/ fbfynk fgnko/ Gok, s/o/ e'b fwZb/
d/ ;e?uK dk ;zrqfj fgnk j[zdk ;h. E'VQ/ ;w/I bJh T[Xko/ d/ d/. w?I g/IfNzr f;ZyD bZrk jK
d/y/Irk sK s?B{z w/ok ezw fJzBk wkVk BjhI bZr/rk. s/ok Gok - tkB.
;e?u ezX T[go fugek e/ d{o d/y e/ nkydk - e'Jh }kbw, p/dod nZy ukjhdh j?
fJBQK B{z goyD tk;s/, p/rkBh nZy, eosk dh BjhI, d[FwD dh, fijVh fJB;kc eo/. nfijh
nZy dk fJzs}kw eoBk gt/rk. eJhI eJhI fdB fdB g/N dh G[Zy ;fj u[Zek ;h, j[D w[oFd
dh G[Zy j?, Gkb eoBh j't/rh. eJh wkoh iK w't tork T[;skd ukjhdk j?. ghNo;B dk
fynkb nkfJnk, T[;B{z fwbD po;/b} tZb s[o fgnk. i/p ftu e/tb fszB eqkT{B, nZ;h whb
dk o;sk, g?db uZb fgnk. oks B{z th s[odk ofjzdk. p{N cN rJ/. e'N T[go fwZNh dh
sfj, tkb T[bM/ j'J/. G[Zyk, fsjkfJnk, EZfenk j'fJnk go y[F, fJe tZv/ fusoeko B{z
fwbKrk.
dotk}/ s/ g[Zi e/ xzNh tikJh. ghNo;B dh i[nkB Xh B/ dotk}k y'fbQnk sK tkB
dh Feb, gfjoktk d/y e/ d"Vh nzdo rJh. fgsk dotk}/ s/ nkfJnk. gfjbK sK gSkfDnK
Bk. fco j'mK s/ w[;ekB nkJh fejk - tkB rkrk< s{z< nk g[Zso, nzdo nk. d't/I p?m rJ/.
ghNo;B B/ fejk - r[nKY ftu w/o/ d';s e'b fJe ykbh ewok j?. T[E/ ubd/ nK. s{z
Bjk, X', nkokw eo, eZgV/ pdb.
- jK, j[D w?B{z bZfrn? w?I EZfenk j'fJnK, tkB B/ fejk.
- nZi nkokw eo. eZbQ fvBo ;kv/ e'b eohI. pVhnK rZbK eoKr/. ewo/ ftu g[Zi
e/ G[Zyk ;"I frnk. nrbh ;t/o wkbe wekB T[;sok, ezxk, p[oF d/ frnk. Fkw B{z
44

ghNo;B d/ xo p/FowK tKr Gkoh fwedko ftu ykDk ykXk. fco tkB B/ nkgD/ ;e?u
fdykJ/. ghNo;B B/ fejk - ni/ B[e; jB. s?B{z vokfJzr d/ w[Yb/ n;{b f;ZyD/ g?Dr/. s?B{z
iw?Noh dk gsk BjhI. d/y, w?I s?B{z dZ;dK eh rVpV j?. d/y fJ; n"os dk f;o d/y !
opV d/j f;o dk fJe gk;k opV Bkb fwNk e/ d[pkok g?Bf;b tkjh sK n"os ;[jDh fd;D
bZr gJh.tkB ;'uD bZrk - ;'jDh sK j' rJh, go fJj ykD w}d{o n"os Bk ojh. fJj
sK nkw ;[jDh n"os j?. fJj sK w?I pDkJh jh BjhI.
tkB B{z p/u?B d/y e/ ghNo;B ;wM frnk - T[j' tkB, j[D w?I s/oh rZb ;wfMnk.
w?I goc?eFz} wro d"Vdk jK, s{z i' j?, T[j fdykT[D dk fJZS[e j?I. j? Bk< tkB B/ jK ftu
f;o fjbkfJnk.
u[ZbQ/ tZb M[eh n"os dk ;e?u d/y e/ ghNo;B B/ fejk - fJj pDh rZb. behoK
;G e[M ;kc efj ojhnK B/. fujok mhe BjhI, fujok sK j? Jh Bh, go s{z i' dZ;Dk ;h
mhe dZf;nk frnk. y{p j? fJj. nkgD/ wB' fijVh s/oh vokfJzr w?I mhe ehsh, T[j yokp
eo fdZsh. fpBK w[Yb/ n;{b f;ZyD d/ th s{z ewkb j?I.
e[M fdB pkd tkB B/ tkg; ykD tZb ikD dk c?;bk ehsk. ckdo ghNo;B B/
nkgD/ g[okD/ p{N, g[okD/ eZgV/ ns/ o/b dk feokfJnk d/ e/ s'fonk. ;co d"okB tkB ;'udk
frnk - fJ; B/ w?B{z gqukoe ti'I c/bQ j' ikD dk d'Fh BjhI wzfBnk, w/oh fJe vokfJzr
nkgDh ezX T[go Nzr bJh. fJ; nkofN;N B{z w/oh w[Ybh feos uzrh bZrh, edh pkeh
d[BhnK B{z th uzrh br ;edh j?. ;' ;NkoN eoB tkbh feZe tZi rJh j?.
tkg; nkfJnk sK EhU B/ ;e?uK dk i' pzvb G/fink, T[j fwb frnk. Bkb e'ohnK
FhNK th ;B. tkB B/ Beb eoe/ d; ;e?u fsnko ehs/. mhe pD/. jZE fNeD bZrk,
fijVh vqkfJzr tXhe uzrh brdh, EhU e'b G/i fdzdk.
xkj c{; d/ coF s/ nXb/fNnk p?mk ;h, dotk}k y'fbQnk, EhU nzdo nkfJnk. s/Jh
;kb dk j' frnk ;h s/ nkoN dh gSkD j'D eoe/ uzrh sBykj b?Idk ;h. tkB dh jkbs
d/y e/ vo frnk. - s{z nkgD/ nkg Bkb eh eo fbn? tkB< tkB B/ fejk - e[M BjhI.
fpwko j' frnk ;h. j[D mhe nK. w}d{oK dk fdZsk ykDk yk b?Bk.
- w?B{z fywk eohI tkB. w?B{z s/oh fJ; jkbs dk gsk BjhI ;h. fJE/ e'Jh d[ekB j?<
w?I e[M yohd fbnktK.
- jK j/mK E'Vh d{o j?. go p?m. eh ekjb j? d' ;kb pkd fwfbn?I. g?fo; fet/I
j?<
fe;/ rZb dk T[so fds/ fpBK EhU d[ekB s/ frnk. ykD ghD dk ;wkB yohfdnk.
dtkJh yohdh. eZgV/ yohd/. nk e/ T[;B{z row gkDh Bkb B[jkfJnk. Bt/I eZgV/ gfjBkJ/.
fco ykDk ykXk. EhU B/ fejk - w?I s?B{z nkgD/ Bkb wkfgnK e'b b? iktKrk. nkokw Bkb
ofjD B{z EK sk j?. - BjhI EhU, fgsk w?B{z nktkokrod, fBezwk, w{oy ;wMdk j?. w?I BjhI
T[E/ ikDk. - uzrk fJT[I eod/ jK tkB, w/oh sBykj j}ko eokT{B j' rJh j?. w?I fJzBh eh
eoBh j?< g?fo;, poZ;b, j/r, fiZE/ wo}h ofj. w?I s?B{z g?;/ G/idk ojKrk, s{z w?B{z ;e?u,
g/IfNzr} G/idk ojhI. s/ohnK uh}K edh fteD bZrDrhnK sK w?I nkgD/ g?;/ t;{b eo
btKrk.
- U EhU, fJj ;"dk mhe n?. w?
I gzi ;kb ftnoE r[}ko fdZs/. j[D i/bQ dk
dotk}k y[bQ/rk, w?I y/sK, pkrK, npkdhnK ftu ik e/ fuZso pDktKrk.
- jkb?Iv uZbKr/ tkB. Fkwh B"I ti/ dh rZvh cVKr/. fsnko j'. fsnko j'D dk eh
wsbp< tkB T[fmnk s/ EhU Bkb ;N/FB tb s[o fgnk. e[M fdB EhU e'b fojk, fco
;'funk wkfgnK B{z fwb nktK. xo frnk, fgsk j'o pZ[Yk j' frnk ;h go wK ni/ seVh
;h. eJh fdB ;[nkdb/ ykD/ pDk pDk y[nkT[Idh ojh. E'V/ fdB pkd T[j fpbe[b mhe j'
e/ ezw eoB i'rk j' frnk. T[;B/ c?;bk eo fbnk - i' wo}h j't/, T[wo Go g/IfNzr
eoKrk, j'o e[M BjhI. ;t/o/ ;tys/ T[mdk, nkgDk g/IfNzr dk ;kwkB u[edk, fiE/ e'Jh ;hB
;'jDk d/ydk T[E/ o[e e/ ezw eoB brdk. fJe fdB wK B/ fejk - tkB, w't nkgDk
foFs/dko j?. T[j s;thoK pDk pDk nwho j' frn?. fezBk e[ ;wK brd? fJe s;tho
45

pDkT[D B{z< - e[M xzfNnk ftu th pD ;edh j? wK, s/ ;kb th bZr ;ed/ B/. -eh fejk<
;kb< fJe s;tho B{z ;kb< - jK wK fJj gsk BjhI brdk j[zdk. fgsk B/ g[ZfSnk - eh
fJ; feZs/ Bkb s?B{z o'Nh fwbh ikt/rh tkB< tkB B/ fejk - ni/ ;wK bZr/rk. T[d'I sZe EhU
g?;/ G/idk oj/rk. - mhe j? tkB, e'Jh c?;bk sK ehsk s{z nkyo. j[D sZe sK bzwh GNeD
;h e/tb. j[D fNe e/ fJj' ezw eohI. - jK fgsk, j[D T[wo Go fJj' ezw eoKrk, j'o
e'Jh BjhI.
b'eK tk;s/ T[j fBezwk, nktkokrod w[ zvk ;h. ;kok fdB ozr Goh ikD/ eh ezw
j'fJnk< e'Jh e'Jh fe;kB, w}d{o o[e e/ j?okBh Bkb d/ydk eh pD foj?< fJe fdB tkB B/
fe;kB B{z g[ZfSnk - s?B{z w?I eh brdK< p/fMie fe;kB B/ fejk - w{oy. j'o eh< bkb
w{oy. fgzv fJj' efjzd? s?B{z.
fJe fdB fgsk B/ d/fynk, tkB B/ fJe' ;hB d; tkoh tkfjnk, g;zd Bk nkfJnk,
d;/ tko gkV e/ fco pDkT[D bZrk. fgsk B/ fejk - tkB, s/o/ s'I eh rbsh j' iKdh j?<
- fJe BjhI fgsk ih, nB/e rbshnK j' iKdhnK jB. - fco th s?B{z brdk j? fe s{z
ebkeko j?I< ebkeko sK T[jh j[zd? fijVk rbsh Bk eo/. i/ s/o/ ftu g/IfNzr dk e[dosh
r[D j[zdk c/o rbsh j'Dh Jh Bh ;h.
- fgsk ih e[dos id'I d/ydh j? pzdk ;cb j' foj?, fJwfsjkB ti'I T[j o[ektNK
yVQhnK eodh j?. ;G o'eK s'V e/ w?I ftiJh j'tKrk.
- w?B{z sK fJj rZb ;jh BjhI brdh. p[okJh ftu'I B/eh BjhI fBebdh.
- s[jkv/ Xow Fk;so nB[;ko s[;hI mhe j', ebk Fk;so nB[;ko w?I mhe jK.
- go rbs fuso pDk pDk ihtB popkd eoBk mhe j?I< - rbs fuso
pDkT[IfdnK nBzd nkT[Idk j't/ sK fpbe[b mhe j?.
- go nkyo i/ ebkeko ;cb Bk j't/< c/o tkB< fJ; i{J/ ftu'I g?;k jk;b j'D dh
e'Jh ;zGktBk edh j? th<
- nkgK B{z nkoN d/ cb;c/ pko/ rZb eoBh ukjhdh j? fgsk ih, bkG jkBh dh
BjhI.
EhU g?;/ G/idk, v/Y ;" eokT{B gqsh wjhBk, ekr} G/idk, ikBtoK s/ wB[ ZyK d/ fgzioK d/
;e?u G/i/, id'I sZe nzdobh pDso dk gsk BjhI, ;e?u mhe BjhI pD ;edk, nB/e soQK d/
poF s/ ozr G/idk.
tkB B/ fbfynk - ;cb j'tKrk fe BjhI, gotkj BjhI, tkndk j? fe jo o'} poZF
ub/rk, fpBk Bkrk, fBoftxB, fBozso. edh edkJhI - nypkoK fo;kfbnK B{z fuZso G/idk.
T[d'I sZe ezw eoh iKdk id'I sZe T[; B{z ftFtk; Bk j[zdk fe fuso ftu ikB g? rJh j?.
fJe fdB fgsk B/ fejk - tkB, i/ fusoeko pDBk j? sK pj[s ;kok ;wK ;kfjs
dhnK feskpK gVQB ftu feT[I }kfJnk eodk j?< ;kfjs j'o uh} j? g/IfNzr j'o. tkB B/
fejk - w?I vokfJzr wk;No BjhI pDBk fgsk ih. ihtB g/IN eoBk j?. feskpK ftu'I ihtB
d/ fbFeko/ fdykJh fdzd/ jB.
- go tkB, w?I uou ftu uzrk gqtuB eoBk j't/ sK w?I pkJhpb gVQKrk, s/oh wK
o;'Jh ftu eh ezw eo ojh ;h, fJj d/yD dk eh ckfJdk j'J/rk<
- fgsk ih nBkNwh w?B{z fi;wkBh pDsko f;ykJ/rh, ;' nBkNwh dhnK feskpk
gVQKrk. f;o ftu fe; fe;w d/ fynkb T[m oj/ jB, fJj ;kfjs dZ;/rk. ;kfjs dhnK
o{jkBh GktBktK B{z fusoeko ozrK Bkb nwb ftu fbnkJ/rk.
eZgV/ f;T[Idh n"os, nkb{ fSbdh n"os, MkV{ fdzdh n"os, ;'Nh T[go M[fenk uotkjk,
p[ZYk ew}'o fe;kB u[ZbQ/ B/V/ e[o;h s/ p?mk, e{jDhnK r'fvnK T[go s/ wZEk jZEK T[go
M[fenk. ejh ubkT[Id/, jb tkj[zd/, fpikJh eod/ fe;kB, n"osK, wod, fgzv dh jo/e t;s.
e[dos nr/ j[D bkukorh Bkb BjhI, fti/sk d/ o{g ftu fdykJh d/D bZrk tkB. gfotko
e[M BjhI nkydk ;h go fgzv nB[;ko T[j fBezwk w[ zvk ;h. fpikJh eod/ fe;kB dh g/IfNzr
d/yfdnk wK B/ g[fSnk - }whB feE/ ysw j[zdh j?, fe;kB feE'I F[o{ j[zdk j? gsk sK brdk
BjhI tkB. tkB B/ fejk - fwZNh ns/ wk; fJe' uh} d/ d' Bkw jB. fJBQK ftu'I fejVk feE'I
46

F[o{ j' e/ feE/ ysw j't/, fJ;dk fBoDk BjhI j' ;edk wK. w/o/ fuso, fuZso jB, c?;b/
BjhI, iiw?IN; BjhI.
fJe fdB wK B/ ;'funk - i/ fJj ftnkfjnk j'fJnk j[zdk, fJjdh iBkBh fJjB{z o;s/
s/ b? nkT[Idh. j[D w?I fJj ezw eoe/ d/ydh jK. T[;B/ tkB B{z fejk - nZi d' ti/ xo nk
ikJhI tkB. tkB B/ ekoB g[ZfSnk. wK B/ fejk - w/oh cbkDh ;j/bh d/ xo ukj gkoNh j?.
- wK w?I gkoNhnK s/ ;wK }kfJnk BjhI eoBk, T[E'I e[M BjhI fBebDk.
- go tkB T[E/ fgzv dhnK ;kohnK F/qFN n"osK j'DrhnK.
- wK fe;/ n"os ftu e'Jh ftF/Fsk BjhI j't/rh . ;kohnK fJe' soQK dhnK j'DrhnK.
fJe' soQK d/ fbpk;, fJe' fFFNkuko. T[BQK ftu fe;kBK w}d{oK torh tzBrh BjhI.
- fe;kBK w}d{oK dh tzBrh dk eh eo/Irk tkB, T[BQK e'b s/o/ fuso yohdD bJh
id'I g?;/ Jh BjhI. fJBQK iBkBhnK dhnK ;[jDhnK s;thoK pDk, wfjzr/ Gkn y[Fh y[Fh yohd
b?DrhnK.
tkB B/ jZ; e/ wK dh rZb Nkb fdZsh s/ nkgD/ ezw bZr frnk.
fJe fdB wkbh B{z fejk - uZb s/oh s;tho pDktK. wkbh B/ fejk - pkd d[gfjo
nktKrk. d[gfjo pkd Bjk X' e/ tXhnk e'N g?IN gk e/ T[j tkB nr/ e[o;h T[go p?m
frnk. fco fejk - fJe fwzN, fJe fwzN, nkgD/ nZr/ w/} sK oZy btK.
tkB B/ fejk - w?I fJ; soQK s/oh s;tho BjhI pDkT[Dh. T[jh ;t/o tkb/ eZgV/ gk
e/ y[ogh jZE ftu cV e/ r'vh eoB bZr.
wkbh B/ fejk - feT[I< w?I p/fJ}sh eokT[Dh n? T[; soQK d/ eZgfVnK Bkb s;tho
pDtk e/<
ubk frnk.
EhU B/ g?fo; nkT[D dk ;Zdk fdZsk sK tkB B/ fejk - ni/ w?I g?fo; i'rk BjhI
j'fJnk. ni/ j/r iktKrk. T[E/ uzr/ ebkekoK B{z fwbkrk. w't nkgDk foFs/dko j?, T[;B{z
fwbKrk. EhU B/ o/b d/ feokJ/ bJh g?;/ G/i fds/. gfjbK bzvB frnk. T[jh r?bohnK
d/yhnK fiE/ eboe j[zdk ;h. nZm ;kb ftu eh e[M pdb frnk. T[;/ r{gb ezgBh dhnK
r?bohnK ftu frnk, ezgBh T[;d/ uku/ dh ;h. i/ fNe e/ ezw eodk sK wkbe j' iKdk
feT[Ife uku/ dh e'Jh n"bkd BjhI ;h, T[j fejk eodk ;h, tkB w/ok tko; j't/rk. fJE/
eboeK d/ eZgV/ FkBdko ;B s/ tkB d/ w?b/ e[u?b/, ntkok fij/. fe;/ eboe B/ fJj th
g[SDk tkip Bk ;wfMnk fe eh ezw nkfJn?I. fJj sK fusoeko so;shr B/ gSkD fbnk s/
rowi'Fh Bkb jZE fwbkfJnk fejk - fd;dhnK B/ r?bohnK< fJe s'I fJe uVQdh s;tho.
so;shr B{z nkgDhnK e?Bt;K fdykJhnK, T[;B/ fejk - ni/ o;s/ T[go j?I. j'o fwjBs
eo. okj ;jh j? s/ok, fonki ukjhdh j?.
fco j/r ik e/ w't B{z fwfbnk. ;[jDk ;N{vhU ;h. pj[s ;kohnK g/IfNzr} g{ohnK,
e[M nX{ohnK bNe ojhnK ;B. ozrK dh ;[rzXh ;h. fJXo T[Xo feskpK fybohnK gJhnK
;B. gfotkfoe foFs/ Bks/, ;[y ;Kd dhnK rZbK ibdh ysw j' rJhnK. tkB B/ nkgDk
ezw w't B{z fdykfJnk, w't B/ th T[j' fejk - ni/ j'o fwjBs eoBh gt/rh. tkB B/ fejk
- w?B{z s{z ftfdnkoEh ti'I gqtkB eo b?. w? I j/r nk iktKrk. w't B/ fejk - d/y tkB,
jo/e ebkeko ;tkoEh j[zdk j?. ukjhdk th j?. w?I s?B{z ;wK BjhI d/ ;eKrk. tkB B/ fejk
- w?I ;wK ed'I wzrdk jK< p; fJE/ s/o/ B/V/ p?m yb' e/ w? I nkgDk ezw eodk ojKrk, s?B{z
ezw eofdnK d/fynk eoKrk. edhI edkJhI w/o/ ezw tZb Mks wko e/ B[e; dZf;nK eohI.
w't jZ; fgnk - s?B{z fJj ezw nk;kB brdk j?. fe;/ d/ ezw dh fBrokBh eoBh pj[s
p'Mb f}zw/tkoh j? tkB. Bkb/ w/oh nkds ezw eoB dh j?, ezw pko/ rZbK eoB ;[DB dh
BjhI. tkB B/ fejk - tkndk j? w?I p'M BjhI pDKrk. d/o sZe ;'uD pkd wkth B/ fejk -
ub' mhe n?. d/yd/ nK. j/r nk ikj. xo tkg;h tes o/b ;co d"okB fizBk nZi y[F
;h, tkB J/Bk y[F edh BjhI j'fJnk - w?B{z T[;skd fwb frnk nkyo. d[BhnK dk Bkwto
ebkeko ! T[;B/ jK eo fdZsh. j[D d/yDk w?I eh eh BjhI eodk. xo d/ p{j/ EkDh nzdo
bzfxnk sK d/fynk fe e/ nkJh j'Jh ;h.
47

e/ d/ fujo/ T[go ftXtk dh T[dk;h g/IN j'Jh ;kc fd;h. gfjbK tkbh u[bp[bh
;[jDh e/ feXo/ r[nku rJh ;h. ;kXthnK tork gqGktjhD fujok, ;'rwJh fJefjoh nktk}.
- e/, uzrk bZrk s{z fJE/ nkJh, tkB B/ fejk.
- F[eohnk tkB.
- s/ok p/Nk ikB th nkfJn?<
- jK pkr ftu y/v foj?.
tkB B/ ;'funk, eh fJ; d/ gsh dh rZb eoe/ Xotk; d/Dk mhe oj/rk< fco nkg/ c?;bk
ehsk - e'Jh ckfJdk BjhI. fJj rZb S/VBh mhe BjhI. s[oB fcoB pkr tZb s[o gJ/. tkB
B/ fejk - w?I fJE/ fusoekoh efonk eodK e/. s{z fJE/ nk ikfJnk eohI. pZuk th y/vdk
oj/rk. e/ B/ fejk - go fJT[I s/o/ ezw ftu ftxB gt/rk. - BjhI e/ BjhI, ;r'I w/ok ezw
s/oh jk}oh ekoB tXhnk j't/rk. e/ B/ tkB dk jZE cV e/ fejk - nkgK d';s j'tKr/.
tkB B/ fejk :ehBB.
T[;B/ nkgDh e?Bt; fcZN eo bJh. e/ d/ p?mD bJh p?Iu fbnk fdZsk. ikB B{z
fejk - o/s dk xo pDk. e/ B{z fwb e/ tkB J/Bk y[F, dZ;Dk G[Zb frnk fe T[; B{z wkth
fiZvk tZvk ebkeko T[;skd ti'I fwb frnk j?. id'I Fkw d/ ykD/ wro'I ;G B{z ypo dZ;h
sK wK B/ fejk - FkpkF. T[j nZi bZyK ftu y/vdk j?. T[; tork pD ikJ/Irk sK iBw
;ztfonk ;wM.
tkB g/IfNzr bJh pkjo chbv ftu iKdk sK e/ s/ ikB Bkb iKd/. tkB T[; dh
jk}oh ftu tXhnk ozr T[skodk. d[gfjo dk ykDk BjhI yKdk j[zdk ;h go wK e[M Bk e[M
g?e eo fdzdh. d[gfjo/ fszB/ iD/ ukdo ftSk yk gh b?Id/. e/ fdB' fdB j'o uzrh bZrD
bZrh, T[j nksw ftFtk; Bkb nkgDhnK :'iBktK dZ;dk frnk, e/ B{z T[;dh rZb ftu
fdbu;gh BjhI ;h go fJT[I p?mh ojh fit/I jo/e rZb ;wM ojh j't/. T[j nkgD/ gsh Bkb
G{sekb ftu ofj ojh ;h. e[M o/yk fuso e/ d/ fujo/ d/ pDkJ/. T[;B{z e/ s/ ikB d't/I
uzr/ brd/ go e/ ne;o nkgD/ fwqse gsh dh rZb S/V b?Idh sK tkB B{z pVh p[oh
brdh. G{sekb B{z T[j fgnko dh pkoF Bkb X' ;edk ;h. T[o;[b fJjd/ w[ekpb/ eh ;h<
BkdkB pkbVh. tkB fezBk w{oy ;h T[d'I. T[o;[b Bkb fpskJh f}zdrh e/ Bkb fpskJ/ fJe
xzN/ d/ pokpo th BjhI. dck j'Jh uzrk j'fJnk. ;odhnK nk ojhnK jB, j/r ikD s'I
gfjbK gfjbK e/ Bkb nkyoh rZb j' ikDh ukjhdh j?. ikB ;[Zsk fgnk ;h. nkgDh fJe
g/IfNzr fdykT[D tk;s/ T[j e/ tZb M[fenk, g/IfNzr fvr gJh, e[M Fpd ej/ fijV/ ;gFN
BjhI ;B, e/ B{z u[zwfdnK fejk - nkgK ;dk fJeZm/ ojKr/. s?B{z w[ Zdsk s'I fgnko eodk jK
e/. j/r fJeZm/ uZbKr/. w?I s/o/ Bkb ftnkj eokT[D dk fJS[Ze jK e/HHHHHH
e/ r[Z;/ Bkb T[mh s/ fejk - BjhI. edh BjhI. ;wfMnk< ;[Zs/ ikB B{z u[Ze e/ xo
tb d"V gJh. - e/ HHHHH e/HHHHH eh j'fJnk< tkB dh e'Jh rZb Bk ;[Dh. tkB fgS/ fgS/
d"fVnk sK o[eh HHHHHT[;dhnK fiBQK nZyk ftu E'Vk ;wK gfjbK vo ;h, T[BQK ftu Bcos Go
rJh ;h. pZuk ikr e/ o'D bZr fgnk s/ e/ dh rodB B{z uzpV frnk.
tkB B/ bzu dk fBek w'Nk ;wkB N'eoh ftu ;[ZfNnk, ekr} fJeZm/ ehs/, ;fji/ ;fji/
xo tb s[o fgnk. xo nkfJnk sK wksk fgsk B{z sDkT[ ftu d/fynk. fgsk B/ fejk -
fJj s{z eh ehsk. tkB e/ Bkb eh ehsk< tkB B/ fejk - eh ehsk< eh dZf;n? - T[;B/< -
s{z T[; Bkb ipod;sh ehsh. T[; B{z nkgDhnK pkjtK ftu x[ZN fbnk.
- jK, fJ; ftu eh rbs j'fJnk< w?I T[;B{z fejk w?I s?B{z fgnko eodK s/ s/o/ Bkb
ftnkj eoB dk fJS[e jK. fJ; ftu eh rbs j'fJnk< - go fJj fet/I j' ;ed? tkB<
fgsk B/ fejk - fJj BjhI j' ;edk. e/ s/oh c;N e}B j?. tkB rkr ykBdkB ftu
nfijk gkg BjhI j' ;edk.
wK B/ fejk - J/Bh ekjb feT[I eoBh ;h tkB. s?B{z gs? T[; d/ gsh dh w"s B{z
ni/ ;kb g{ok BjhI j'fJnk. s/oh e'Jh nkwdB th BjhI ni/.
d/o sZe tkB d/ ezBK ftu, BjhIHHHHHHedh BjhIHHHHHHdhnK nktk}K nkT[IdhnK ojhnK.
;t/o j'Jh, d/fynk wk o;'Jh ftu ykDk fsnko eo ojh j?. g[ZfSnk e/ feE/ j?< - s/o/ fgsk
48

T[;B{z rZvh uVQkT[D rJ/ jB. T[j nkgD/ xo ik ojh j?. j[D rZvh s[oB dk ;wK j'
frn?. T[;dk fdb ehsk nrbh rZvh cV e/ T[j e/ d/ xo ik e/ T[;B{z wBkJ/, go T[;
e'b feokJ/ i'r/ g?;/ BjhI. j[D wK s'I feokfJnk wzr/< T[;B{z nkgDh bkukoh T[go rZ[;k
nkfJnk. nmkJh ;kb dh T[wo j' rJh, i/p ftu X/bk BjhI. uko ;kb S'Nk Gok j}ko
eokT{B ewk foj?. bkjBs j?. j[D sK i/ e/ efj d/t/ fe g/IfNzr SZv e/ B"eoh eo, c/o w?I
s/o/ Bkb ftnkj eotkbKrh, w?I sK th jK Bk eoK. p/te{c e[Vh. w/oh vokfJzr T[; Bkb'I
tXhe FkBdko j?. fJj ;wM' fe d{ih tko w?I c/o izikb ftu c;D'I pu frnk. mhe
j'fJnk. i' j[zd? mhe j[zd?.
fgsk dk fynkb ;h i/ tkB ykBdkBh ;Ku/ ftu YbD bJh fsnko BjhI sK fJj
T[;dk e;{o j? ;Ku/ dk BjhI. fJe fdB fgsk B/ fejk - s/ok BjhI tkB, fJj T[BQk feskpK
dk e;{o j? fijVhnK s{z gVQdk j?I. co?Iu feskpK. tkB B/ g[fSnk - s[jkvk wsbp j?
fteNo fjT{r' s/ fwSb/< - jK tkB T[j u'oK vke{nK pko/ fbyd/ jB. T[BQK dhnk feskpK
rbs n;o gkT[IdhnK jB. - petk; ! fJBQK dhnK fbysK T[BhnK gftZso B/ fgsk fizBh
pkJhpb. - petk; s{z eo foj?I tkB, s{z e[co pe foj?I. T[BQK dhnK fbysK d[oukoh jB.
fJBQK ;dek s{z GNfenk j?I. tkB B/ fejk - i/ w?B{z ;bkj b?D dh b'V gJh sK w?I fwSb/
e'b iktKrk. w?B{z s[jkvh jdkfJs BjhI ukjhdh. - fco s{z fJE/ fJ; xo ftu ofj jh feT[I
foj?I i/ s/o/ nzdo fJ}s BjhI gfotko tk;s/<
T[;B/ e/ d/ fgsk B{z ofi;Nov ys fbye/ e/ dk jZE wzfrnk ;h. gkdoh fgsk B/
itkp G/fink - e/ fe;/ j'o B{z fgnko eodh j?. T[j w[ zvk ewkT{ j?, XBtkB j?. nr'I s'I
nfijk ys Bk fbyDk. tkB d/ fdb ftu nkfJnk - ;ko/ gkdoh Bk;fse s/ gZEo fdb j[zd/
jB, w/o/ fgsk ;w/s ;ko/ d/ ;ko/. d{ik ys EhU dk ;h, fbfynk - s/o/ ;e?u j"bh j"bh
fteDr/. thj eokT{B n?w;Novw ikD tk;s/ G/i fojK.
rZvh cV e/ T[j Ffjo g[Zik, e/ d/ xo dk dotk}k yVekfJnk. B"eokDh B/ dotk}k
y'fbQnk, tkB B{z gSkD e/ fejk - ckdo xo BjhI. tkB B/ T[;B{z goQ/ jNk fdZsk s/ nzdo
ubk frnk fiE/ gfotko ykDk yk fojk ;h. T[;B{z d/y e/, e/ nzdo ubh rJh. w/} s/ d'
w'wpZshnK pb ojhnK ;B. - w?I e/ Bkb rZb eoB nkfJnK nzeb. gkdoh B/ fejk - T[j
s/o/ tor/ nktkokrod w[ zv/ Bkb rZb eoB bJh fsnko BjhI. - s[;hI M{m p'bd/ j' nzeb.
gkdoh B{z r[Z;k nk frnk - s?B{z gsk BjhI s{z eh efj foj?I< w?I ckdo ;NfoZeo jK, ;[fDnK<
- fJe tko e/ Bkb rZb eoB fdU nzeb, fJj nkyfdnK T[;B/ jZE dk fgSbk gk;k
w'wpZsh dh bkN T[go eofdnK fejk - p; T[Bk e[ fuo rZb eoB fdT[ fizBk fuo w'wpZsh
dh bkN T[go jZE j?. wk; gfjbK ekbk j'fJnk, fco y{B d/ s[ge/ sV sV eoe/ j/mK
fvrD bZr/. wk; d/ ;VB dh d[orzX u[c/o/ c?bD bZrh. gkdoh B/ s/}h Bkb w'wpZsh u[Ze
e/ go/ ;[ZN fdsh s/ fejk - gkrb. ewo/ ftu jBQ/ok g;o frnk. - dck j' ikj. w[V e/
fJ; xo ftu edw Bk oZyhI. ;wfMnk<
tkB pkjo ;Ve s/ nk frnk. yzG/ T[go ird/ dht/ dh o'FBh ftu d/fynk, jZE d/
fgSb/ gk;/ N'nk g? frnk ;h. fizBk ;wK w'wpZsh dh bkN T[go jZE oZfynk, e/, T[BQK ;wK
th rZb eoB bJh fsnko BjhI ! ewkb ! ;ko/ ijkB tk;s/ w?I ntkokrod s/ fBezwk jK
p/Fe pkoK ;kb s'I fBozso fwjBs eo fojK. fenk fe;ws gkJh. E[Ze fdZsk go w{zj ftu'I
eVtkjN ysw Bk j'Jh.
w't d/ B}dhe u"dK coke wjhB/ dk uzrk ewok fwb frnk. fBZe ;[Ze yohd
fbnKdk s/ g?;/ w[Ze rJ/. fJe sohe B/V/ j?, EhU gzikj coKe G/i/rk sK wzih yohd/rk,
jkb/ j/mK ;"DK mhe j?. w't B{z fwfbnk sK T[;B/ fejk - mhe fco nk Jh frnk s{z g/INo
pDB. mhe j?, i' f;yk ;fenk f;yktKrk. ofjD dk j' frn? pzd'p;s< tkB B/ jK ftu
f;o fjbkfJnk. j[D fezB/ g?;/ B/ s/o/ e'b< - tkB B/ fejk, ysw j' rJ/. w't B/ ;" dk
B'N cVkT[IfdnK fejk - fJ; B{z T[Xko ;wM. id'I j'Dr/ d/ d/JhI.
- w/ok fdb g?;/ b?D B{z BjhI eodk Gok, s{z w/oh Nq/fBzr wB}{o eo bJh fJjh pj[s j?.
49

- BjhI tkB. pzd/ d/ ihtB ftu T[sok uVQkn nkfJnk eod/ B/. fJe fdB s/o/ tk;s/ ;G
e[M yohdDk nk;kB j' ikJ/rk. j[D g?Bf;b ;e?u dk ezw SZv. ;e?u BhI fted/. tkNo
eZbo s'I F[o{ eoe/ nkfJb eZbo} sZe gj[zu. nj[ w/o/ ozr, poZF, e?Bt; gJh j?. fdyk
iok fet/I ezw eodk j[zB?. fJE/ nkofN;NK dh fJe :{BhnB j?, s?B{z T[jdh w?IpofFg b?
fdnKrk. fJeZm/ j' e/ ezw ibdh eo j[zd?.
dp"e Bkb d';sh j' rJh. T[j uzrk ebkeko ;h go tkB tKr Gkte BjhI.
fdbu;g nkdwh. so;shr okjhI fJ; dhnK feosK fte iKdhnK ;B. dp"e B/ nkgDhnK
g/IfNzr} fdykJhnK, tkB B/ tkjtk sK nkyDk jh ;h go T[;B{z dofwnkB/ doi/ dk ezw
bZfrnk. nkyo tkB B/ j";bk eoe/ nky jh fdZsk - s[jkv/ fuZsoK ftub/ fi;wK dk nB[gks
;jh BjhI. dp"e B/ fejk - jK s{z mhe j?I, fJ;/ eoe/ w?I e[dos d/ B}ko/ tXhe fusodk
jK. tkB B/ fejk - s{z fwZso j?I, w/oh rZb dk p[ok Bk wBkJhI, s/ok o[spk w/o/ s'I T[uk j?
feT[Ife b'e s/o/ fuso yohd oj/ B/. s/ohnK ;hBohnK ftu th ikB BjhI, i}pk BjhI.
- fe; fe;w dk i}pk tkB< - fi; soQK dh GktBk fdqF d/yD t/b/ doFe dh j[zdh j?,
T[j fJ; ftu j'Dh ukjhdh j?. - go w/o/ fdb ftu fdqF d/yD t/b/ id'I e'Jh GktBk j[zdh
jh BjhI c/o fJ; B{z e?Bt; T[go fet/I T[skoK<
fJe fdB tkB d/ ewo/ ftu w't fwbD nk frnk sK T[; B{z ukn uVQ frnk.
tkNo eZbo pko/ pVk e[M dZf;nk fi; dk tkB B{z gsk BjhI ;h. w't B/ fejk - xZN' xZN
d; e?Bt;K yokp eoB fgS'I s/ok poF ;jh uZbD bZr/rk. fdyk iok eh pDkT[Idk fojk,
tkB B/ g/IfNzr} fdykJhnK. w't B/ fJj BjhI fejk fe rbs B/, ;r'I d;dk - fJ; B{z fJ;
soQK pDk e/ d/y, fJj gk;k }ok fJT[I fdyk. fijVk ;wK s{z g?Bf;b ;e?u pDkT[D T[go
bkfJnk, T[j }kfJnk BjhI j'fJnk, j[D s/o/ ozrK ftu ;jkJh j't/rk. s/o/ ftubk r[D w?I d/y
fbn?, s/o/ fuso fteDr/.
fJe sohe bzfxnK eJh fdB j' rJ/, EhU d/ g?;/ Bk nkJ/, fszB fdB G[Zyk fojk.
edh G[Zy T[; wro'I bZE/rh fe BjhI< so;shr nkfJnk, gZuh eokT{B d/ frnk s/ fejk -
fceo Bk eohI tkB - w?I s/ohnK feosK yohdKrk. fJj dkBh nkdwh f;yKdo{nK dh j";bk
nc}kJh eoB tk;s/ wkVhnK g/IfNzr} th yohd b?Idk, nkg mhe m{e eoe/ xkNk g{ok eo
b?Idk. s[os o'Nh ykD tk;s/ tkB pkjo fBefbnk. g/N Go ykDk ykD fgS'I p[yko ns/ EekB
d't/I jN rJ/ go BtK oZcV fSV fgnk. j[D e/ :kd nkT[D bZrh.
- fJjd/ Bkb'I sK G[Zyk woBk mhe ;h. G[Zy podkFs j' iKdh j? fJj :kd p[oh j?. ewo/
ftu nk frnk. pkjo poc g? ojh ;h go T[;d/ wZE/ s/ g;hB/ dhnK p{zdK ;B. T[;B/ skeh
y'bQ e/ f;o pkjo ehsk sK e[M mzY gJh.
fJe fdB s;thoK dk tZvk tgkoh T[;dk nwho ukuk ekoBhbhn; tkB rkr T[;d/
ewo/ ftu nk frnk, jkbukb g[ZfSnk dZf;nk. uku/ B/ fejk - EhU ewkT{ w[ zvk j?. s?B{z th
j[D o'Nh i'rk j' ikDk ukjhd?. tkB B/ fejk - o'Nh i'rk< o'Nh i'rk sK jK w?I. fJj w/ok
eh e;{o i/ w?B{z o'Nh BjhI fwbdh< w?I J/Bh fwjBs eodk jK fe o'Nh dk jZedko jK. w/ok
jZe w?B{z ni/ BjhI fwfbnk sK eh j'fJnk, fwb ikJ/rk. uku/ B/ fejk - eh pDkT[Idk j[zB?
fdyk. tkB B/ Ffjoh fJwkosK dhnK S'N/ nkeko dhnK g/IfNzr} fdykJhnK. ukuk y[F
j'fJnk. fJe s;tho tZb fJFkok eoe/ fejk - fJ; dhnK pkoK ekghnK pDk d/j. eh
bJ/ Irk< tkB B/ fj;kp bk e/ fejk - YkJh eokT[B s'I xZN gqsh ekgh sK BjhI j'Dh. ukuk
jZ; fgnk - gzi gzi ekqT{B fdnKrk w[ zfvnk. tXhnk ezw eo. gfjbh tko T[;B{z nfijk
nkovo fwfbnk, pj[s y[F j'fJnk.
jcs/ e[ pkd w't d/ xo frnk. T[j e'Jh fuZso pDk fojk ;h, tkB B{z d/yD ;ko
fuZso eZgV/ Bkb Ye fdZsk s/ fejk - w?I fszB oksK s'I ;[Zsk BjhI tkB. tkB B/ T[;dhnK
bkb nZyK d/y e/ ;wM fbnk ;h T[j Efenk j'fJn?. tkB B/ fejk - uzrk ubdK, fco
nktKrk. w't B/ fit/I rZb ;[Dh jh BjhI. fJe fdB fco frnk - fJ; fdB mhe sohe/
fwfbnk s/ fejk - fbnk fdyk eh pDkfJn?. tkB B/ g/IfNzr} fdykJhnK, w't B/ jT[ek
b?IfdnK fejk - s{z e[M BjhI f;Zy ;fenk tkB. s?B{z fJj ezw SZv d/Dk ukjhd?. nkgDh Feb
50

d/yh j? s{z fej' fijh pDk oZyh j?< tkB B/ fejk - i/ bzdB dhnK pkoFK MZbhnK j[zdhnK,
w}d{oK dhnK p;shnK ftu G[Zy d/yh j[zdh, s/oh Feb fJ; soQK dh j' ikDh ;h. w't B/
fejk - nj[ gJh j? e?Bt;, Bt/I f;o/ s'I F[o{ eo. fJj efje/ T[j ;"I frnk. tkB ;koh
oks ikrdk fojk s/ ;Zs fuso pDkJ/. w't B/ ;t/o/ T[m e/ d/y/ sK N[eV/ N[eV/ eo e/
fejk - s?B[z T{Vk nkVk Bh nkT[Idk.
thBpo[e B/ g[ZfSnk - s{z wkVk fbpk; gfjBd?I, wkV/ b'eK d/ fujo/ T[bhed?I, s?B{z
uzrk fdykJh BhI fdzdk< - wkVk fbpk; gfjBKrk feT[Ife g?;/ BjhI. fJ; dk ckfJdk j?, nkw
b'eK B{z wkvb pDkT[Dk sk T[j ;zrd BjhI. w?I th T[BQK tork Jh BK. ojh rZb w/oh F?bh
dh. w?B{z d[Zy nBzs brd?. w't B/ id'I w/o/ fuZso N[eV/ N[eV/ eoe/ fybko fds/ w?B{z d[y
BjhI j'fJnk feT[Ife fJ; s'I gfjbK e?Bt; T[go pDkJh T[; dh ouBk d/y e/ w?I ft;wkfds
j' frnk ;K. o/jVk wZShnK Bkb Go frnk, wS/ok x'V/ i'V fojk j?. x'V/ T[wo Go Gko
Y'j Y'j EZe/ j'J/, T[dk;, BhthnK gkJh o/jV/ nZr/ i[VB bJh fsnko jB. gsk BjhI fejVk
x'Vk feE/ fvr e/ wo ikt/ s/ w'uh yZbQ T[skoB bZr gt/. sK eh< x'V/ fsnko jB. Gko
Y'D bJh. yZbK T[sotkT[D bJh, fsnko po fsnko. fJ; B{z w?I T[jdk Fkjeko wzBdK. tZvk
pzd? T[j. jcsk bZr frnk ;h fJj g/IfNzr pDkT[IfdnK s/ T[j Bhw gkrb j' frnk ;h.
thB B/ fejk - rohph spkje[B j[zdh j?. ew}'o tk;s/ fJj fGnkBe j?. skesto
pzdk pu/rk s/ pukJ/rk. fijV/ rohph jZE'I fwN rJ/, fwND/ ukjhd/ ;B. d[Zy, G[Zy fi; B{z
wko dJ/ T[j ekjdk wod. id'I se pzdk fdb dh rZb g{oh BjhI eodk Bk oZp wko ;edk
j? Bk F?skB. go e'Jh rZb j't/ sK eoB tkbh.
tkB B/ fejk - w[ Zds s'I w?I G[ywoh dk fFeko jK. pkoF j'J/ iK poc, f;o T[go
SZs BjhI. d[y B/ w?B{z ni/ e'Jh ;pe BjhI f;ykfJnk thB.
thB - s?B{z gsk Jh Bh d[Zy eh j[zd?, s{z d[Zy B{z S[fjnk sZe BjhI. d[y nBzs j?
tkB, e/tb d[Zy nBzs j? j'o e[M BjhI. poZF u[Ze, fuso tkj, oZd j'Jh uZb. fJe fdB
nkJ/rk id'I ;z;ko e/tb tkB rkr B{z d/y/rk, pkeh ;G e[M b'g j' ikJ/rk.
go s{z nkokw Bkb ofjzB?. s{z rohph s/ d[y ed d/fynk< c/o th d[yK ftu'I bzxD
s'I fpBk d[y d/ ;[Gkn dk gs?. i/ gs? sK jh fJj w/ohnK feosK ftu T[sfonk. dp"e
tor/ fuso pDkT[Idk pDkT[Idk i/ w?I eo'Vgsh j' iKdk, w?I fusoK ns/ g?f;nK d'tK B{z nZr
bk e/ s/o/ torh f}zdrh ftu nk ikDk ;h. o'Nh Bkb oZi e/ th w?B{z G[Zy dk gsk j? fJ;
eoe/ w?B{z G[Zyk woB dh b'V Bh. s?B{z ni/ j'o d[Zy d/yDk gt/rk. ezw eo.
T[; B{z vo brdk n;cbskJhnK ekoB Gok EhU i/ ;" eokT{B G/iD/ pzd eo dJ/
- fco T[j eh eo/rk< EhU dh fumh nkJh, fbfynk - w/oh gow'FB j' rJh j?, sBykj tX
rJh j?, ;' nr/ s'I v/Y ;" G/fink eoKrk. j/r ftu T[;B{z fwbD nkfJnk, fuso d/y e/
fejk - j[D nkfJb g/IfNzr F[o{ eo. - go ozr wfjzr/ pj[s B/, tkB B/ fejk - ;'B/ d/
Gkn d/. EhU pj[s ;kohnK fNT{pK ns/ poZF yohd e/ d/ frnk. fgsk dk ys nkfJnk -
e[M fdBK bJh fgzv nk ikj.
fgsk dh pdbh B{Bh fgzv d/ uou ftu j' rJh ;h, xo d[nkb/ fBeh fijh prhuh
;h. tXhe frDsh i[bkfjnK ns/ fe;kBK dh. oZp s'I voB tkb/ rohp b'eK dh p;sh fgsk
g[oyh gozgoktK g[rkJh ik ojh ;h. froi/ tZb ;[Bfjoh feoBK d/ ozr ;[ZN e/ ;{oi ftdk
j'D bZrk sK tkB B/ rj[ Bkb ftfGzB goSkftnK dh FBkys ehsh. e[M fdB e/tb ykXk,
ghsk, ;[Zsk, nkokw ehsk. ;kfonK dk nkg; ftu fpBk rZb ehfsnK fJe ok}hBkwk fijk j'
frnk ;h fe j[D bVBk MrVBk BjhI, i' wo}h e'Jh eo/. fJe fdB gkdoh fgsk B/ fejk -
w?I r/N/ dk ckT{;N gVQBk F[o{ ehs?. feT[Ife g{iBhe ckdo e/N B/ nB[tkd ehsk j? fJ;
bJh brd? fJ; feskp ftu b[Zug[Dk BjhI j'Dk. tkB B{z r[Z;k sK pE/ok nkfJnk go gh
frnk. T[;B/ g/Iv{ ihtB T[go ezw eoB dk c?;bk ehsk.
fJe fdB p?fmnK p?fmnK fgsk B/ g[ZfSnk - s[jkv/ e'b ojh iktK fgsk ih< e'Jh
fJsok} BjhI<
- w?B{z eh fJsok}< ;r'I d/y fojK s/oh ebk ftu fByko nk foj?.
51

- fezBk fuo ojK<
- fizBk fuo s/oh wo}h.
- i/ nkg; ftu seoko j' frnk sK<
- nkgK fJe d{i/ B{z ;wMD dk :sB eoKr/.
- xo ftu sK ezw Bh eo ;edk. w?B{z ;N{vhU ukjhd?.
- T[; e'B/ ftu T[j u"o; ewo?. eZuk coF ;bQkfpnk j'fJn?. nkgK nZr pkb e/ ;[ek
fdnKr/, nkgDk ;kwkB fcN eo bJhI. nj[ pkoh S'Nh j?, s?B{z tXhe o"FBh ukjhdh j?. w/o/
e'b fJB/ e[ g?;/ j?r/ fe w?I tZvh eotk fdnK.
jo/e i[bkj/ d/ xo yZvh ;h, jcs/ ftu ;Zm r} eZgVk p[fDnK iKdk, jcs/ dh
ewkJh uko gzi coKe j' iKdh. ykD w}d{oK Bkb'I fJBQK dh f}zdrh FKs ;h, tkB S/sh fJBQK
ftu x[b fwb frnk. fJBQK dhnK s;thoK pDkT[D iKdk sk pZfunK bJh E'Vh fwmkJh b?
iKdk iK p[ZY/ bJh osk swke{. y/s d/ydk, gZehnK c;bK ;'B ozrhnK j' iKdhnK. fe;kB
wod n"osK d/ fi;w ;ys j[zd/, B?D BeF f;X gZXo/.
y/sK ftu yb'fsnK g/IfNzr eofdnK T[;B{z wfj;{; j'fJnk fit/I e'Jh T[;dk fgZSk
eodk j't/, e'Jh b[e S[g e/ d/ydk j't/. fJe fdB e?Bt; dk ;N?Iv fNek fojk ;h sK FZe
;Zu ftu pdb frnk, fJe e[Vh T[;B{z ezw eod/ B{z d/y ojh ;h, id'I tkB dh B}o T[;
T[s/ gJh, T[j s/}h Bkb nkgD/ xo tb ubh rJh, xo tkB d/ xo d/ B/V/ jh ;h. wK B{z
T[; dotk}/ tb fJFkok eoe/ g[ZfSnk - T[j feBQK dk xo n?< - fJj p?IikfwB gfotko j?.
- e"D B/ fJj< - pj[s gsk sK w?B{z th BjhI, gzi G?Dk s/ wK ofj oj/ jB. fgsk dh d/o
gfjbK w"s j' rJh ;h. fe;/ Bkb x[bd/ fwbd/ BjhI. g?;k Nek uzr? fJBQK e'b.
nrb/ fdB d[gfjo sZe g/IN eodk fojk. T[;B/ d/fynk, T[jh e[Vh ;fji/ ;fji/ T[;
tZb s[oh nk ojh j?, fit/I fjgB'NkJh}v j'J/, fit/I BhId ftu s[oh nkT[Idh j't/, fit/I e'Jh
Fesh T[;B{z Xedh fbnk ojh j't/. B/V/ nkJh sK fujo/ T[go vo d/ fBFkB th T[Go/. tkB
B/ ;'funk - e'Jh rZb eo/rh. u[g ukg J/Bh B/V/ nk yb'sh fe T[;dk rkT{B tkB d/ e'N
B{z S[j frnk. tkB B/ d/fynk, e[Vh B/ y[Fe p[ZbQK T[go ihG c/oh. p'bDk sK eh T[jB{z sK
fit/I ;kj b?D ftu th n"y j' ojh ;h.
- w?I tkB rkr jK. s/ok eh Bkw j?<
- wkor' p?IikfwB. fJBk e[ p'b p'fbnk, tkB dhnK pkjK cV bJhnK s/ p/j'F j' e/
}whB s/ Y/oh j' rJh. tkB B/ gkDh dh p'sb fbnKdh, o{z Bkb wZEk, fujok X'sk, e[Vh B/
nZyK y'bQhnK. shj e[ ;kb dh ;[jDh e[Vh ;h, j'F nkT[D fgS'I T[mh, tkB B{z pkjK ftu e;
fbnk s/ p[ZbQK s/ p[ZbQ fNek fds/. fi;w ezpD bZr fgnk. nrb/ fdB fwbD dk ;wK ns/
EK fBFfus eoe/ ubh rJh. d{i/ fdB fwb/ sK e[Vh B/ g[fSnk - w/oh eZbQ dh joes p[oh
sK BjhI bZrh tkB< ;j[z yKdh jK, gfjbh tko fe;/ wod B{z S[fjnk ;h w?I. s{z w?B{z uzrk
bZrk. dZ;, s{z w?B{z p[oh e[Vh sK Bh ;wMdk<
- fpbe[b BjhI.
- p[ok Bk ;'uhI tkB, w?B{z s/o/ Bkb fgnko j' frn?.
- fgnko j' ikDk pVk ;"yk ezw j? e[VhJ/, pdb/ ftu fgnko fwb/ fJj }o{oh BjhI
.
- n;hI gzi G?DK jK, g?;/ dh xkN BjhI, gzi/ nGkrhnK e[nkohnK jK. tkB B/ T[;B{z
nkgD/ fgSb/ ihtB pko/ dZf;nk, dZf;nk fe T[;B/ feE/ feE/ fezB/ rbs ezw ehs/, jkoK
ykXhnK. e[Vh B/ jZ; e/ fejk - okik e'Jh rbsh BjhI eodk, okik jko BjhI wzBdk. i'
j'fJnk T[jh j'Dk ;h. w/oh wK B/ fJe fdB w?B{z fejk - tkB G?Vk w[zvk j?. fJ; dhnK
nkdsK mhe BjhI, w?I T[;B{z efj fdZsk - tkB fpbe[b ;jh j?. b'e u[rby'o B/. d' ;kb
s{z fe;/ G?Vh iBkBh Bkb fojk, fJj ;[D e/ w?B{z s/o/ ftu'I :;{ w;hj fdZf;nk tkB. w/o/
fdb ftu fJe rZb nkJh ;h e/tb, T[jh d' ;kb s{z w/o/ Bkb fpskJ/ j[zd/ sK fezBk uzrk
j[zdk.
52

tkB B/ fejk - w?I d/fyn?, pVh fwjBs s'I pknd, pVh d/o pkd e'Jh ;cbsk
fwbdh j?.
wkor' p'bh - jK, J/B/ ;kbK dh T[vhe pkd s{z fwfbnk w?B{z. j[D ;koh T[wo fJeZm/
ojKr/.
d'tK xoK ftu fJ; ypo dk wkVk n;o j'fJnk. tkB d/ wkg/ fuzss j'J/ fe o'Nh
ykD i'r/ g?;/ sK EhU fdzd?, fco fJj ftnkj dk gzrk feT[I b? foj?< e[Vh dh wK dh dbhb
;h fe gziK ftu'I fJe dk ftnkj, wsbp pkeh ukoK dh p/fJ}sh! fszB fdB pkd id'I e[Vh
nkJh, o' o' T[;dhnK nZyK ;[ZihnK gJhnK ;B. fejk - T[j ;kohnK s?B{z r[zvk, pdwkF,
ntkokrod ;wMdhnK jB, s?B{z s/ w?B{z pj[s rkbK fdZshnK. tkB B/ fejk - fJj' j'Dk ;h.
FkwhI w?I nkg nk e/ rZb eoKrk.
tkB B/ xo d/ nzdo edw oZfynk, gsk BjhI fezB/ ;kb pkd e'Jh wod fJ;
}BkBykB/ ftu frnk. ;kohnK B/ T[; d[nkb/ M[owN gk fbnk. wK p'bh - s/oh fJe iBkBh
j/r ftu th ;h< tkB B/ rZb ;wMkJh. fco g[ZfSnk - s/oh T[wo< - fJeZsh ;kb. s?B{z
wkor' dh T[wo dk gs?< - jK j[D ukbh dh j'Jh n?. - s/oh nkwdB< -v/Y ;" eokT{B. -
go fJj sK s/ok Gok s/oh wdd eod?. - BjhI, fJj sBykj j?, fJjd/ pdb/ w?I T[jB{z
s;thoK pDk e/ fdzBk. - go fJzB/ e[ g?f;nK Bkb d' ifDnK dk fBopkj BjhI j' ;edk.
wkor' p'bh - eo btKr/. e[M g?;/ w/o/ e'b th sK jB. wK uheh - ypodko i/ s{z
r[;skyh ehsh p'bD dh - . fi; g?;/ s/ s/oh B}o j? w?I s?B{z T[; ftu'I p/dyb eo
fdnKrh. fJ; ntkokrod Bkb ftnkj dk e'Jh wsbp BjhI.
tkB T[m e/ ;N{vhU ftu nk frnk. eJh fdB wkor' BjhI nkJh. T[; T[go ;ys
gfjok bZrD bZrk. fJe Fkw T[j nZy puk e/ nk rJh, gfjb/ fdB dh w[bkeks tkbk
;c?d rkT{B gfjfBnK j'fJnk ;h. fejk - w?I s?B{z fgnko ehsk tkB. fJe tko fco T[;/
soQK u[zw fit/I gfjb/ fdB u[zfwnK ;h. tkB B/ pkjK ftu tb bJh. fco g[fSnk - fezBk e[
ezw ofjzd? nZi pkeh< - p; gzi d; fwzN. T[j fgS/ jNh. tkB poZF ubkT[D bZrk. T[;B{z
FhFh dk YZeD N[ZND dh ntk} ;[DkJh fdZsh. fgS/ w[V e/ d/fynk, wkor' B/ }fjo gh bJh
;h. uhe wko e/ }whB s/ fvr gJh. tkB B/ o"bk gkfJnk, e[Vh dh wK d"Vh nkJh, rkbK
pedh ojh - s{z eksb n? I w/oh Xh dk, d[FNk s{z. rZvh wzrtkJh, j;gskb b? rJ/. fJe
j'o fJFe dk G'r g? frnk. ;koh p;sh tkB B{z Bcos eoB bZrh.
EhU fgzv fwbD nkfJnk, dZf;nk - brd? ezgBh w?B{z j[D fe;/ pqKu dk w?B/io pDk
e/ G/i dJ/rh. c/o w/oh wo}h uZb/rh, w?I fJzgo?FfB;NK dhnK g/IfNzr} t/funk eoKrk. tkB
B/ g[ZfSnk - fJzgo?FB;N< fJj Fpd w?I gfjbK th ;[fDn? fes/. EhU B/ fejk - g?fo; d/
Bt/I ebkeko fit/I wkBh, d/rk, oBtko, ebkd, w'B/, f;;b/, e{[thJ/, u'Ir?, ;/}kB, f;T{o/. tkB
B/ g[ZfSnk - gqGkttkdh, fJ; Bkw dk eh wsbp< EhU B/ dZf;nk - 1874 ftu fJBQK Bt/I
ebkekoK B/ B[wkfJF bkJh. w'B/ B/ nkgDh s;tho j/m fbfynk j'fJnk ;h - gqGkt.
ebkgkoy{ b{Jh b/oh B/ nypkoK tkfbnk B{z fejk - fJj gqGkttkdhnK dh B[wkfJF j?. pZ;
fJj' Bkw uZb fBefbnk.
- T[j r{V//Q / ozr ozrd/ jB fe jbe/<
- jbe/. T[j efjzd/ B/ r{VQ/ ozr phs/ dh rZb j' rJh j?.
- go w?I fdB'I fdB jbe/ s'I r{VQk j[zdk ikBk.
- id'I s{z g?fo; nkJ/Irk, T[BQK B{z d/y e/ s/o/ ftu pdbkT[ nkJ/rk.
- T[BQK dhnK feosK ftedhnK jB<
- fteD bZrDrhnK. w?I ebk gkoy{ jK, w?B{z T[BQK dh skes dk gs?.
- j[D r[}kok fet/I eod/ B/ T[j<
- s/o/ tKr{z. e'Jh feXoI' wZdd b?Id/ e'Jh feXo'I. edh Bkb Bkb j'o ezw eod/ B/,
o{;' tkfJbB f;ykT[D dhnK ebk;K bkT[d?I. w?I nkgDh ezgBh B{z ni/ wBk BjhI ;fenk fe
fJe r?boh T[BQK dh th bk d/JhJ/. ezgBh sK d; c[N/ pK; Bkb T[BQK B{z S[jD bJh fsnko
BjhI. s{z g?fo; uZb.
53

;e/Irk.
- go w?I ni/ j'o ezw eoB?. e[M g/IfNzr} eo btK c/o nkkT{Irk.
- J/E/ fgzv ftu p?mk oj/Irk sK T[j s/o/ s'I J/B/ nZr/ bzx ikDr/ fe s{z ob BjhI
tkB dh B/Vsk ro{N gfotko Bkb j' rJh. wK, fgT{, gZ[so s/ d' XhnK dk fe;kB
gfotko. T[BQK d/ ozr sK G{o/ ;B go B?D BeF w'N/ w'N/, Bhro'nK tor/. y[oke nkb{
j[zdh. nkb{ phid/, g[ZNd/ s/ G[zB e/ yKd/. fJjh ihtB ;h. e[Vh ;NhB ;skoK ;kb dh ;h.
tkB T[BQK d/ xo ne;o ubk iKdk ;G s'I tXhe ;NhB jZ;dh. id'I ;NhB dh s;tho
pDkT[D bZrk sK fejk - d/fynk< e'Jh rZb j? Bk w/o/ ftu, sK jh s;tho pDkT[D bZfrn?
w/oh. tkB B/ fejk - w?I ;ko/ gfotko dh s;tho th pDktKrk. T[;B/ fJ; gfotko dh nkb{
yKfdnK dh g/IfNzr pDkJh fi; dk Bkw gN?N' JhNo} oZfynk. fJj g/IfNzr pkd ftu ;z;ko
Go ftu gqf;ZX j'Jh, go tkB d/ j[zfdnK BjhI.
fJe fdB y/s iKfdnK ;NhB B/ g[ZfSnk - T[; e[Vh B/ }fjo feT[I ghsk ;h. tkB B/
fejk - T[j w?B{z fgnko eodh ;h, xofdnK B{z fJj wB}{o BjhI ;h, p; fJ; eoe/. T[j
y{p jZ;h, fJ;/ eoe/ p;< s/o/ Bkb GZi iKdh< w?I sK Bk }fjo ghtK. w{oy f;o/ dh.
fJe fdB tkB B{z ckdo gkt/b B/ ;Zfdnk. - j[ew eo' ckdo< gkdoh B/ fejk- ezw
j? sK n"yk, go w?I eo ;edK. ;NhB e?E'fbe j?, s{z gq'N';N?IN, sK th e'Jh o;sk eZYKrk.
ftnkj tk;s/ fsnko j' ikj.
- eh fejk< ftnkj tk;s/< feT[I< eh wsbp ckdo<
- pjkB/pk}h dh eh b'V. ;NhB roGtsh j? s/oh eos{s ekoB. ;' ftnkj sK
eoBk gt/rk<
- fJj w/ok ezw BjhI ckdo. s[jkv/ e'b e'Jh ;p{s j?< eh ;NhB B/ s[jkB{z dZf;n?<
- BjhI, ;NhB efjzdh w?I Bh fJ;d/ fgsk dk Bkw dZ;Dk.
- sK c/o fJj wkD ;BwkB w?B{z feT[I fdZsk ik foj?<
- eh s[;hI fwbd/ BjhI oj/< s/o/ ;N{vhU ftu iKdh BjhI ;h T[j<
- jK iKdh ;h. go fJ; dk fJj wsbp BjhI ;h i' s[;hI eZY fbnk.
- eh s/oh rZb ;Zu wzB btK<
- jK ckdo fJedw ;Zu.
FkwhI id'I y/s dk ezw eoe/ tkg; nkJ/ sK tkB B/ fejk - ;NhB fJXo nk. s/oh
s;tho pDkT[Dh j?. jZ; gJh, fejk - E'V/ ;w/I pkd fJe ihn j'o nk ikJ/rk, T[;dh
s;tho th pDkJhI.
- eh fJj ;Zu j? ;NhB<
;NhB B/ tkB dk jZE nkgD/ tX/ g/N T[go fNek e/ fejk - nkg d/y b?. xpokJ/
tkB B/ fejk - ckdo gkt/b B/ w?B{z dZf;n? fJj w/o?< jZ; gJh - w/ok ih eodk ;h s/ok
j't/ go s{z fXnkB Jh Bh fdZsk w/o/ tZb. nZSk ckdo dk fynkb n? fJj s/o?< ewkb n?.
- fco fJj ehjd? ;NhB<
- fJj uou d/ gqpzXe dk j? tkB.
- s/o/ wkfgnK B{z gs?<
- jK gs?. go T[BQK B{z s/o/ T[go FZe BjhI.
tkB j?okB j' frnk. fJ; gfotko dh Xh roGtsh j' rJh j?, T[BQK s/ e'Jh n;o BjhI.
fit/I rK wZM nk; bZrh j't/. go g{ok fgzv tkB d/ fybkc j' frnk. tkB fto[ZX Bcos jh
J/Bh ;h fe jo/e gkg dk d'Fh T[jh j' ;ed? j'o e'Jh BjhI. tkB ro{N gfotko e'b
frnk. jZ; e/ ;tkrs ehsk. ;kfonK B/, e'Jh fFetk BjhI. fgzv d/ SZph ;" pfFzd/ bj{ d/
fsjkJ/. wK B/ tkB B{z fejk - ckdo B/ fej?- fe fgzv SZv ikj tkB. - mhe j?, tkB B/
fejk. ckdo B/ ro{N gfotko B{z fejk - i/ T[j s[jkB{z s;tho pDkT[D tk;s/ g?;/ fdzd?,
pzd eo'. w/o/ s'I g?;/ b? bT[. ro{NK B/ fejk - tkB ;fseko:'r j?. Bk n;hI T[; s'I g?;/
bJhJ/ Bk s[jkv/ s'I.
54

ghNo;B B/ dZf;nk ;h - e[dos B{z ekr} s/ T[skoB bJh iZd' ifjd eoh ikU,
e[dos wzBdh jh BjhI. fJe ;wK nkT[Id??, ;fji ;[Gkn ebkeko Bkb ;[o fwbk e/ e[dos
ekr} T[go nk p?mdh j? s/ nkydh j? - d/y w?I nk rJh. gN?N' JhNo} fJ;/ soQK dk
Fkjeko j?. T[j e[dos d/ ;Ku/ ftu YbD bJh djke/ s'I ;zxoF eo fojk ;h, e[dos B/
fejk - w?I s/o/ ;Ku/ ftu YbKrh tkB. ;t/o ;ko tkB B/ fJj g/IfNzr w[V d/yh - w?b/
eZgV/, X[nKyh ezX, y[odoh Fshoh s/ bNe ojh bkbN?D, ;NhB T[pb/ nkb{ tosk ojh j?,
wK rbk;K ftu ekch gk ojh j?, Gok rbk; Bkb p[ZbQ bk foj?, ;kfonK d/ fujo/ FKs,
e[dos d/ d?th ftXkB B{z ;theko eoe/ F[eokBk eod/ b'e. tkB s'I T[j j' frnk i' BjhI
j' ;edk ;h. ro{N gfotko nwo j' frnk, ro{NK B{z e'Jh gsk BjhI.
nkgDhnK ebk feosK ;zGkb e/ g?fo; B{z s[o fgnk. EhU B/ g[ZfSnk - w/ok nkyoh
ys fwb frnk ;h< - BjhI, eh yk; ;h< -w/oh soZeh j' rJh. r?boh dk w?B/io j' frnk.
- go s{z eZbQ Fkw dk j'o rZbK eoh frnk, fJj ypo feT[I BhI dZ;h< - s{z gN?N' JhNo}
ns/ j'o s;thoK s'I n?Bk y[F ;?I fe j'o y[Fh dh b'V Bh ;h. nZi uZbKr/, s?B{z gqGkttkdhnK
dh r?boh fdyktKrk, w'B/, d/rk, fg;ko', wkB/. d/yhI. s/o/ tor/ ;G. d/o dh fJZSk ;h s{z
g?fo; nkt/I. i{B ftu nkT[Idk sK f}nkdk uzrk jz[dk, T[d'I w?B{z ezgBh tZb'I tZvk xo fwb/rk.
j[D th mhe j?. EhU e'b fJe ewok, o;'Jh s/ e?fpB ;h. fejk - tkB w?I ;wkB fJXo
T[Xo eoe/ s/oh e?Bt; tk;s/ EK pDk fdnKrk. uZb j[D ukj ysw eo. g?fo; dh jtk
dh ;[rzXh ;t/o/ wkDB tkbh j[zdh j?. fi;B/ g?fo; BjhI d/fynk, eh d/fynk fco. ;{N p{N
NkJh e; e/ cNkcN EhU fsnko j' frnk. g[okDk e'N w'fYnK s/ ;[ZN e/ tkB uZb fgnk. -
fe;/ j'o Ffjo ftu s/o/ tor/ pzd/ B{z g[b; gkrbykB/ G/i fdzdh. fJj' fij/ fbpk; tkb/
g?fo; ftu feT[Ife nkw fcod/ jB fJ; eoe/ s?B{z e'Jh e[M BjhI ej/rk. tkB jZ; fgnk.
tkg; nk e/ EhU dh r?boh tZb s[o gJ/. r?boh d/ pkjo Sksh sZe fszB n"osK d/
gbk;No d/ f;o oZy/ j'J/ d/y/, fJe j/m fbfynk ;h - fv}kJhB, d{i/ j/m fbfynk ;h
p[ssqkFh s/ shi/ j/m - g/IfNzr. tkB B/ g[fSnk g/IfNzr tkbk p[Zs fJzBk pd;{os feT[I j?< EhU
B/ fejk - nzdo ik e/ j'o d/y. d/yh uZb eh eh j' foj? fJE/. g?fo; d/yhI w/oh r?boh
ftu'I dh.
J/whb }'bk dZf;nk eod? tkB fe FfjBFkjhnK dk ykswk sK j' frn?. nrbk
fJBebkp g{zihtkd B{z ysw eo/rk. w? I fJBQK ekwo/vK dk jwdod jK. w? I fJBQK tk;s/ r?boh
bJh EK wB}{o eotkT[D tk;s/ ezgBh Bkb fizBk bfVnk, p; w?I Jh ikDdK, fJBQK d/ fynkb
nB[;ko w?B{z tZX sBykj fwbdh n?, w?I th g{zihgsh jK. ;' w/ok th ;ckfJnk j'fJnk ;wM.
y{p jZ;/.
- s{z }'bk B{z ikDd?I EhU<
- jo jcs/ ekch jkT{; ftu whfNzr j[zdh j? ;kvh ;kfonK dh. s?B{z fbiktKrk. d/yhI
ikJhI irs swkFk. id'I EhU nkgD/ F' o{w ftu frnk sK ;ko/ eboeK ekfwnK B/ yVQ/ j'
e/ M[e e/ ;bkw ehsk. tkB B{z :kd nkfJnk id'I T[j ;/b}w?B j[zdk ;h, T[j th wkbeK d/
nkT[D t/b/ fJt/I eodk j[zdk ;h. - fJj g"Vhnk uVQ ik tkB. T[go Bt/I ebkekoK dh
r?boh d/y e/ nk.
tkB T[go frnk - fJj eh j?< w?I gkrbykB/ ftu sK BjhI tV frnk< o' Bk
;fenk, ykbh e[o;hnK T[go Y/oh j' e/ nZyK g{zMhnK. j[D sZe T[;B/ f;Zfynk ;h - fJe ozr
d{i/ ftu fwbdk j'fJnk fd;Dk BjhI ukjhdk, fe poF dh S[j fd;Dh BjhI ukjhdh, ozrK
ns/ nekoK dk fJe fBFfus ;wM"sk j'fJnk eod?, T[j ekfJw oZyD?. fJj eh j?< fJj sK
w/o/ s/ jZ; ojhnK jB< ;BksBh ebk dk g{oB w}ke ! i}pk, wk;{whns, rzGhosk ysw.
fi; G{o/ ozr ftu :{og ozfrnk j'fJnk BjhI, ;wM' Bjksk j'fJnk ;h, T[j rkfJp. fJE/ sK
;{oi dh Bzrh X[Zg j/m yo{d wfunk fgnk ;h. GVehb/ eZgV/ gfjBh BZudhnK e[VhnK, j/mK
Bkw fbfynk ;h- d/rk. nrbk dfonk feBko/ dk ;hB ;h, Bkw fbfynk ;h - w'B/. w'B/ B/
fijVk rkjV/ s'I rkjVk ozr tofsnk tkB d/ jbe/ s'I jbe/ ozr Bkb'I jbek ;h. g{oh
p/Fowh Bkb poZF dZ; fojk ;h fe w?I fJE/ fJE/ uZfbnK jK. jo S[j gqsZy. nrbh s;tho
55

ftu feFsh d[Vk fojk pzdk yb'sk ;h, g{o/ sDkU ftu, T[;dh iBkBh FKs p?mh ;h. Bkw
fco w'B'! tkB j?okB j'fJnk, w'B/ dh fgSbh g/IfNzr dh F?bh fpbe[b tZyoh. d[pkok Bkw
gVQ/. T[j', T[j w'B/ ;h, fJj wkB/ j?. T[j', fJj sK T[jh wkB/ j? fi;dhnK s;thoK gkVB
tk;s/ b'eK B/ uke{nK Bkb jZbk p'b fdZsk ;h, g[b; B/ pukJhnK. g[b; s;thoK u[Ze e/ b?
rJh sK b'e B[wkfJF tkbh EK T[go E[Ze-E[Ze e/ xoK B{z ub/ rJ/. tkB B{z :kd nkfJnk -
fit/II }'bk fbydk j? fJj ebkeko T[; F?bh ftu fuZso pDkT[Id/ jB. prkts dhnK
fBFkBhnK gqsZy. e[M th fBFfus BjhI. T[;B{z w't dk tke :kd nkfJnk - s{z fJe beho
dh gfoGkFk BjhI d/ ;edk tkB. e'Jh th BjhI. e[M th fBFfus BjhI, fEo BjhI.
ftfrnkBhnK B/ dZf;nk fe jtk fd;dh BjhI. fJBQk fuZsoK B/ jtk th fdyk oZyh j?. fJBQK
ebkekoK B/ dZ; fdZsk j? fe T[j e?wokw?B BjhI jB. e[dos T[jh BjhI fijVh e?wok cVdk
j?. e[dos T[jh j? fi;B{z nkdwh nkgD/ fj;kp Bkb d/yd?, fuVh dh nZy nkgD/ fj;kp
Bkb. F/o ns/ yor'F B{z e[dos fJe' soQK BjhI fd;dh.
bVyVKdk j'fJnk tkB r?boh ftu'I pkjo fBeb e/ fe;/ gk;/ s[oh frnk s/ G[Zb
frnk feXo'I nkfJnk ;h. T[;B{z Gok dh r?boh dk Bkw :kd ;h. g[b; tkb/ B/ T[E/ tkg;
gj[zukfJnk. tkg; nk e/ nkgDhnK s;thoK dk pzvb y'fbQnk - fJj sK j}koK ;kb
g[okDhnK jB. EhU B/V/ nk e/ p?m frnk. tkB dhnK fBrkjK ykbh d/yhnK sK fejk -
nkoN dh gftZsosk Gzr j' rJh j? tkB. tkB dhnK nZyK Bw j' rJhnK, fejk - w?I J/B/
;kb }kfJnk eo fdZs/ EhU< s{z w?B{z gfjbK g?fo; feT[I BjhI b? e/ nkfJnk< w?I th e[M f;Zy
iKdk. EhU jZf;nk - s?B{z gsk BjhI fe s{z ftB;?IN tkB rkr j?I. s/o/ tork j'o e'Jh BjhI
ijkB ftu. fJj pZu/ eh eoBr/< s{z e[dos B{z w[ Zmh ftu cV fbnk, i/ gfjbK w?I s?B{z
g?fo; ftu b? e/ nkT[Idk s?B{z g?fo; B/ nkgDh w[ Zmh ftu cV b?Dk ;h. d/y tkB, wkVk w'Nk
e'Jh n;o ep{bD? s/oh wo}h go fes/ fJBQK tork Bk pD ikJhI. J/B/ gkrbK ftu fJe
j'o gkrb dh b'V BjhI. id'I ykD w}d{o dh p;sh ftu Xow gquko SZv e/ s{z g?Bf;b
Bkb ;e?u pDkJ/, T[d'I s{z fJBQK gqGkttkdhnK s'I nZr/ fBeb frnk ;h. :EkoE eh j?, fJ;
dk s?B{z gs? feT[Ife s{z d/y u[Zfen?I. fJj fynkbh gbkT[ gek oj/ B/. s{z nkgDhnK s;thoK
d/y. e'Jh s;tho fBFus ;[B/jk BjhI fdzdh. s/o/ pDkJ/ fujo/, doys, y/s, T[; soQK d/
BjhI fit/I e[dos d/ pDkJ/ B/. s{z fe;/ dk n;o BjhI ep{fbnk. g[okD/ fB:w, gozgok s'I
gko bzfxnk, wfjbK, gohnK, oki/ okDhnK s/o/ gkso BjhI, s{z nkw nkdwh B{z rohp w}d{o
B{z e?Bt; T[go T[skfonk. s{z fJBQK ;kfonK dk fgU j?I. fJBQK B/ s/ok ezw d/fynk, s/o/ s'I
gqGkfts B/.
- w/o/ fuZso d/y/ B/ fJBQK B/ <
- w?I g?fo; ftu j'o eh yke SkDh fJ; s'I fpBK< e"D tXhe fte foj?, fJj rZb
SZv, s{z fJe Bt/I :[Zr dk iBwdksk j?I. fJj th mhe j? fe fJBQK s'I s{z th f;Zy/Irk, w;bB,
rkjV/ ozrK s'I yfjVk S[vk. nZi ;G s'I tZv/ j'Nb ftu F?wg/B ghnKr/, ykDk yktKr/. g?fo;
ns/ tkB rkr dk fwbkg j'fJnk. fJj e'Jh nkw xNBk E'Vh j?<
tkB fJe fdB e'owk ;N{vhU ftu frnk, fijVk nkofN;N T[E/ fwfbnk T[;B{z fejk
- w/ok Bkw ftB;/IN tkBrkr j?, s[jkvk< w/ok Bkw b'sqe.
- s[;hI EhU tkBrkr d/ e[M brd/ j'I<
- jK T[j w/ok S'Nk Gok j?.
- T[j ewkb dk nkoN efofNe j?, Bkb/ :'Xk. ;kv/ jZeK bJh fit/I bVd?, p; T[jh
bV ;ed/. n;hI Bt/I ebkeko T[;d/ nfj;kBK j/m dZp/ j'J/ jK.
- w?I th T[;d/ nfj;kBK j/m jK.
- w?I ntkok n"osK d/ fuZso pDkT[Idk jK b'sqe B/ fejk.
- w?I ntkok n"os d' ;kb xo oZyh, fuZso pDkJ/. G[Zywoh s'_ szr nke/ nkg/ tkg;
d"V rJh w/oh fJZSk d/ fybkc. w?_ sK T[;dk BkikfJia pZuk th gkbD tk;s/ fsnko ;K.
fdyk sK nkgDhnK feosK?
56

's?qe B/ fejk- T[; e'm/ ftu 27 e[VhnK ;B. w?_ jo/e Bkb ;[Zsk s/ 27 g/_fNzria
ehshnK, nkoN efofNe; B/ d[oekofdnK fejk- iawkB/ dh pd;{osh. nk dko{ ghthJ/ tkB.
g?Zr T[go T[m/, b'sq?e fejk- iawkB/ dh pd;{osh d/ Bkw.
tkB B/ fejk- w?_ fe;kB fuso/ B/ iiap/ ofjs fe;kB. fJj n"osK th fe;kBh
eodhnK B/, nkgD/ fi;w tkj[zdhnK B/. fwZNh s/ wk; ftu coe th eh j? ? fwNh d/ o{g B/
d't/_. s/ok ezw mhe j? fwZso.
tkB B/ g?fo; d/ ;ko/ Bt/_ g[okD/ nkofN;NK d/ ;N{vhU d/y/, EhU B{z fejk- w?B{z sK fJBQK
d/ w[ekpb/ e[M Bjh_ nkT[_dk?
- sK f;yDk ;a[o{ eo d/j.
- djkek sK ftnoE r[nk u[Zek jK, j[D c/o eZuh iwks ftu dkyb j' iktK?
- djkek ci{b Bjh_ ;h, j[D ezw nkJ/rk. i' i' ckbs{ brdk j? SKrdk ikj.
- f;Zyh ikD dk e'Jh nzs Bjh_ EhU?
- Bk. f;ZyDk nBzs j?. go n?seK dh f;ybkJh nkyoh j?. s{z f;o/ s/ g[ZiD tkbk j?_,
j[D pj[sk fuo Bjh_ bZrDk. s{z d[BhnK dk fgT[ j'J/_rk nkoN ftu, fJj fwzNK ftu fet/_ j'
;ed? ? ezw sK eoBk gJ/rk.fJe ejkDheko n? w'gk;K, rkJh vh w'gk;K, ia'bk dk w[ohd n?.
T[j th s[nkv/ ;kfonK tork j?.
tkB B/ r'r?_ B{z g[ZfSnk -s{z J/Bh tko e'm/ tkbhnK e'b feTI[ ikB?? T[E/ fgnko Bkw
dh e'Jh uhia sK j[zdh Bh_.
- Bk w?_ T[E/ ;[zdosk d/yD ikBk Bk fgnko eoB. :Z;{ B/ fejk ;h- wk;, wk; j?
o{j, o{j. uzrh rZb j? fJj, E'V/ e[ g?;/ d/e/ w/ok wk; ;zs[;aN j' iKdk j?, o{j th ;aKs j'
iKdh j?. w?_ e'm/ T[go iiapksh Bjh_ j[zdk. iiap/ w/oh g/_fNzr tk;s/ B/ e/tb. s?B{z w?_ Å[aaadkJh
sK Bjh_ brdk tkB?
tkB B/ fejk- w?B{z J/B/ tkoh nkgD/ tk;s/ tofsnk iKdk ;[DBk fgnk j? fe ;a[dkJh
;apd ;r'_ w?B{z uzrk bZrD bZr fgn?.i/ w?_ f;nkDk j[zdk, fezBk pdfe;ws j[zdk.
tkB B/ BthnK g/_fNzria fsnko ehshnK sK fJe fdB EhU nk e/ d/yD bZrk fejk-
s/ok Bkw eh j? Ubv p'nkJ/?
- ftB;?_N tkB rkr.
- fco fJj eh ehs? s{z. s?B{z gek gs? Bk fe s{z f;U[o/ iK r'r?_ Bjh_. f;T[o/, f;T[o/ j? s/
r'r?_,r'r?_. nfj g/_fNzr d/y, fJj b'sq?e j?. s{z fJ; soK fJBQK d/ n;o ep{b/_rk sK wo
ikJ/_rk. Beb eoBh pzd eo.
- w?_ n;o io{o ep{fbn?, Beb Bjh_ ehsh.
- w?_ fJeZbh fJeZbh g/_fNzr pko/ dZ; ;edK fe fe; fdB s{ fe; Bkb fpskfJnk. ;kc
fd;h iKd? ;kok e[M. s{z fezBk tZvk j? s?B{z gsk Bjh_, fdB' fdB fezBk S'Nk j' foj?_,
Bjh ikDdk. Bth_ ebk B{z d/y s/ jiaw eo, fco tkB rkr fdZ;/, f;oc tkB, fJj
nkgDh g/fNzr d/y, fJ; ftubh e[Vh b'sq?e dh j?, X[Zg dhnK feoBk fwS/b dhnK,
ozr w'B/ d/, gZs/ fg;ko' d/, jtk f;T[o/ dh s/ e/_doh w{os wkB/ dh.
fJe fdB r'r?_ nk e/ tkB dhnK feosk d/y e/ efjD bZrk- w?_ EhU e'b s/ohnK ;kohnK
ouBktK d/yhnK B/. fJe rZb ;Zu' ;Zu dZ;. p[ok Bk wBkJh_. s?B{z fdwkrh d"o/ ne;o g?_d/
B/?
- feT[_? w?B{z fdwkrh d"o/ feT[_ g?D?
- s/ohnK s;thoK s'_ brd?. fJT[_ brd? fit/_ fJj cN ikDrhnK fJe Xwke/ Bkb.i/
Bk cNhnK sK w/ok fdwkr cN ikt/rk. gfjbK fdwkr s/ c/o w/o/ g/N sZe n;o
ubk iKd?. w/o/ g/N ftu rV rV j'D bZr iKdh n?. j? e'Jh Bk e'Jh rVpV.
57

tkB jZ; fgnk- c/o sK n?_ eod/ nK, w/ohnK g/fNzria ftedhnK sK j?B Bh, nkgK fJBQK B{z
fJe fJe eoe/ NkfJbN ftu bNek e/ fby fdzB/ nk pJh fi;B{z epia j?, g/_fNzr d/y bJ/.
s[os g/N ;kc. ezw nk ;edhnK jB.
- s{z o'Nh yk bJh ?
- Bjh_.
- w? th Bh_ ykXh, tkB B/ fejk.
- g?;/ j?r/ ?
d'tK e'b X/bk Bjh_. EhU nkJ/rk sK o'Nh ykD uZbDr/ feXo/. T[d'_ sZe ;?o eohJ/. pkjo
fBeb/ sK prhu/ d/ p?_u T[Xo ;hikB ;[Zsk fgnk ;h. r'r?_ B/ d/y e/ fejk- p{NK dk f;oQkDk
feT[_ bkT[_d? fJj ? irk fbnk, T[m e/ dZ;D bZrk- w?B{z ;oQkD/ dh e'Jh b'V Bh_ j[zdh. f;o
j/m d/ b?Bk fe u'oh Bk j' ikD. ;iakB B/ g[ZfSnk- o'Nh yk bJh ? T[;B/ fejk- Bjh_, s/
s[;h_ ?
-n;h_ sK yk nkJ/ jK.
;iakB B/ fejk- ub' w/o/ Bkb ezgBh ;/e nk ikU. r'r?_ B/ fejk- ub' mhe j?. rokjh
rokjh yk bKr/. ezgBh ;/e. fJjdk efjDk eh w'VBk.
o'Nh ykfdnK ;iakB B/ g[fSnk- ia'bk B/ w/o/ pko/ eh eh petk; ehs?, feskp ftu
gfVn? ? - jK. petk; fbfyn? fBok, s/oh fyZbh T[vkJh n?.;iakB B/ fejk- s/ nkg eh j?
T[j? T[jdh fbys ftubhnK X'pDk n;bh X'pDk tkbh rzdh p'bh p'bdhnK B/.gq;zr ftu'_
id'_ X'pDk pkjo j' iKdhnK jB, ia'bk G[Zb iKdk j? fe T[j j[D T[E/ Bjh_ ojhnK, T[;d/
pkeh gkso th X'phnK tkbh p'bh p'bd/ ofjzd/ B/. fJj n? T[;dk fJBebkp.
nrb/ fdB tkB, ekch jkT{; ftu ubk frnk. r'r?_ B/ d/fyn fJe e'B/ ftu ia'bk
p?mk ;h. fJzNo'fvT{; eotkfJnk. i'abk B/ g[ZfSnk s/o/ Bkb ;iakB nk fojk ;h, w/o/ pko/ e[ZM
efjzdk ;h?
- jK s/oh feskp ekoB T[; d/ fdb B{z m/; g[Zih j?, tkB B/ fejk.
- T[j j? Jh cokv, gzi ;kb d/ pZu/ fizBh neb Bh T[jB{z. s{z T[j feskp gVh? tkB B/
fejk- Bjh_, gVQKrk, iowhBkb gV bJh j?.- fet/_ bZrh? -pkbiake s'_ pkd p; fJj' feskp
j? fJe' fJe, g{oh ;akBdko. i'abk y[;a j' frnk- ;Zm jiako ekghnK fte rJhnK B/. w?_
nwho j' frnK fJe' feskp ekoB. coK; dhnK e'bk ezgBhnK ftu uko tZvhnk jVskbK j'
rJhnK fJ; ekoB. fJBebkp nkJ/rk, g{zihtkd B{z ejKr/- nbftdk, jw/;a bJh nbftdk.
s{z eh g/_N eodk j[zB? tkB? w?_ s/ok Bkw ;[fDnk j? fes'_. tkB B/ fejk, w?_ EhU dk Gok jK
Bk, ;' EhU B/ dZf;nk j'Dk. -Bjh_ fe;/ j'o s'_ ;[fDn?_ HHH iowhBkb, s{z e'fbnK dh ykD
iowhBkb edh frnk ;?_ ?
- jK p'ohBki, d' ;kb fpskJ/ T[E/ w?_ ykD wiad{oK e'b.
- U oZpk. p'ohBki HHH T[j s{z ;?_ T[E/, fi; B{z wiad{o :;{ w;hj efjzd/ ;B. d{ik
w;hjk.
tkB ;aowk frnk- fJj bcia d{ik w;hjk feE'_ ;[fDnK s[{z?
- w?_ gzi jcs/ T[E/ fpskJ/ p'ohBki ftu fiE/ s{z fojk. iowhBkb tk;s/ w;kbk fJeZmk
eodk fcodk ;K. T[E/ wiad{oK s'_ s/ok Bkw ;[fDnK. T[BQK B/ dZf;nk s{z ykDk SZv
fdsk, g?;/ eZgV/ ;G wiad{oK B{z d/ fds/, y[d w"s d/ dotki/ s/ ubk frnk s/ s?B{z
fwfbnk eh? p/fJiash. p/fJias eoe/ B"eoh ftu'_ eZfYnk. s/o/ eoe/ T[BQK d/ ihtB
ftu e[M ;[Xfonk ?
- G'ok Bjh_. jkbs pd s'_ pdso j[zdh rJh.
- w/oh fbys ekoB jkbs ;[Xo/rh. ;ko/ :'og ftu w/oh feskp B/ sfjbek wuk
oZfyn?. prkts :ehBh j?. d/y, w?_ f;nkDk fojk Bk? s/o/ tKr G[yk Bjh_ wodk,
58

feskp ekoB bZygsh j' frnk, s/ohnK w{osK B/ eh ;[Xkfonk? eZy Bjh_. w/oh feskp
fJBebkp fbnkJ/rh. nkik c/o. dko{ ghJhJ/. tXhnk ft;eh. fJB/ B{z d' fszB j'o
g/_No ia'bk e'b nk p?m/. p'sb nk rJh sK ;iakB B/ fejk- ia'bk dh dko{ ghUr/ sK
xzfNnK pZXh Gk;aD ;[DBk gJ/rk.pVk p'o eo/rk fJBebkp fbnk fbnk e/.
r'r?_ B/ dZf;nk- ia'bk, s/o/ fto[ZX nZi b/y Sfgn? bzwk, nypko ftu. fbfyn? fe s/oh fbys
nB?fse j?, d[okukoh j?.
tkB jZf;nk- w/ohnK s;thoK B/ ed/ ;dkuko dk gZbk Bjh_ Sfvnk. nkb'ueK B{z T[j th
n;abhb, nB?fse brdhnK B/. gs? feT[_? w?_ nkw nkdwh dk d[y gqsZy fdyk fdzBk. T[gobk
spek sqpe iKd? fe rohp b'e fJeZm/ Bk j' ikD. t?;/ th, yohd ;aesh T[gob/ spe/ e'b
j?. T[; tk;s/ T[; dh g;zdhdk ;hBoh, y[;ah, nBzd T[; B{z fwb/rh Bjh_. ;' w?_ d[okukoh
jK. w?B{z brd? i/ gkdoh ofj e/ w? _ T[BQK B{z nrb/ ihtB dk ;[or fdykT[_dk ofjzdk, c/o w?_
d[okukoh j'Dk ;h. nrb/ iBw ftu Bjh_, fJ;/ iBw ftu T[BQK d/ d[y eZN/ ikD/ iao{oh jB.
i'abk p'fbnk- eZbQ w?B{z ekT{_N?; fwbh, efjD bZrh- s/o/ ftu p/nzs skesto f;oiDk
;aesh j? ia'bk, c/o gZEo T[bNk e/ T[; j/m b[e/ ehV/ ;kB{z feT[ fdykT[B? ? fgSb/ ;kb
fteNo fjT{r' wo frnk. T[; d/ Bkb fJe ;fGnsk ysw j' rJh, ;fGnsk fi; ftu
;{yw ;dkuko ;h, ;[jDhnK e[VhnK ;B, o'wK;, fgnko/ M{m, wk;{w pjkB/, fJj ;G j[D Bjh_
uZb/rk. thjth_ ;dh j? Jh d[okuko dh ;dh.
o{;' B/ fejk- nZi dh d[BhnK ftu tkB ;G s'_ tZvk ebkeko j?. i'Abk jZf;nk- :kBh
fe ;G s'_ tZvk d[okukoh. feT[_ tkB? fwb frnk fJBkw? tkB jZ; fgnk- i/ d[okukoh j[zdk,
w?_ pj[s ;[yh pzdk j[zdk.
ia'bk B/ n?bkB ehsk- ;[D' GkJhU, ;Zu ;[jDk j?.fe;/ o{g ftu j't/ p/;ae. Bow
p/JhwkBh Bkb'_ ;ys ;Zu uzrk j?. g?fo; d/ piakoK Bkb'_ fgzvK d/ y/s tZX ;[jD/. y[;ah dh
T[wo E'VQh j?, d[y ;Zu j?, d[y dh T[wo bzwh j?.
b'sq?e B/ T[uh ntkia ftu fejk- d[oukohU rbk; u[e'. gh_Ad/ feT[_ Bh? d[okuko d/
Bkw ikw SbekT[. r'r?_ B/ f;roN p[ZbQK ftu oZyh, ikw T[mk e/ efj bZrk- d[BhnK ftu w?_
fJeZbk pzdk jK, fJe' xZ[N ftu f;roN s/ ft;eh fJeZmhnK gh ;edK, nkj d/y'. T[;B/ fJj
eokwks eoe/ fdykJh.
nkgK B{z e'Jh ikDdk Bjh_, fJ;afsjkoK i'r/ g?;/ Bjh_. b'eK B{z nkgDh gqfsGk fet/_
dZ;hJ/? ;kfonK ;kjwD/ fJe' w;bk ;h.
tkB B/ fejk- e'Jh j'Nb bZG'. T[;d/ vkfJfBzr jkb ftu nkgDhnK s;thoK
Nzr'. b'e nkJh ikDr/, eh gsk e'Jh yohdko th nk ikJ/?
- fJj rZb sK mhe n? go j'Nb nkgK B{z w[cs EK feT[_ dt/rk?
- feT[_fe nkgK w[cs ftu j'Nb B{z ;iktKr/, tkB B/ fejk.
- rZb sK mhe brdh n,? r'ohU dh fvT{Nh bkJh. ezw eo pJh, BkoftB j'Nb B/
s;thoK fJ; ;aos s/ NzrD dh nkfrnk fdsh fe ebkeko fvBo fJ;/ j'Nb ftu
eoBr/ B[wkfJ;a tkbh ;akw. mhe j?. ;G B/ fejk mhe j?.fe; dh g/fNzr feE/ bZr/,
d[gfjo se fJj yZgykBk g?_dk fojk.nkyo ezw j' frnk. rkje ukj gkDh o'Nh ykD
nkT[_d/ oj/, fe;/ fJe dk fXnkB th s;thoK tZb Bjh_ frnk. wfjzr/ Gkn dh o'Nh
yke/ nkg' nkgDhnK uhiaK t;sK u[e e/ ebkeko xo' xoh s[o rJ/.
nkyo EhU B/ efj fdsk- tkB, g?fo; s/o/ o;s/ ftu nfVZek j?. s{z f;tkfJ T[bMDk d/, fJE/
j'o e[M Bjh_ d/y ;edk. s/o/ pr?o w/ok fdb Bjh_ bZrDk, fJj w?B{z gs?, fizBh S/sh fJ;
GhV ftu'_ fBZeb ikt/_ uzrk oj/_rk. s{z e[dos dk, fgzv dk fus/ok jI,? g?fo; s?B{z fBrb
ikJ/rk. g?fo; ;e{b j? fijVk ;koh T[wo pzd/ B{z ftfdnkoEh pDkJh oydk j?. fgzv ftu
jo/e pzdk T[;skd j[zd?. fJj coe n? fgzv ns/ ;afjo dk. s{z T[;skd j?_, f;ykdo{ Bjh_.
- s{z w/oh wdd eodk oj/_rk EhU?
- w/o/ T[go fJspko eo, fJj nkyfdnK EhU dhnK nZyk fGZi rJhnK.
59

- w?_ ;ys rowh d/ d/; ftu ezw eoBk ukj[Bk. g?fo; dh mzY w/o/ jZvK ftu iw
rJh j?. ncohek dh X[Zg ftu w/o/ ozr fByoBr/ EhU.
- Bjh_, ncohek d{o j?. nkob/, :[{BkB dh p;sh j?. fJE/ o'wBk B/ bzwk ;wK oki
ehsk. fJE/ pVh X[Zg j?. b'e ;[jD/ th B/ ;fGne th. g[okDh ;fGnsk ni/ ekfJw
j?. pj[sk wfjzrk th Bjh_. nkob/ mhe j?.
EhU ezw s'_ tkg; nkfJnk sK fJe gZso fbfynk fgnk ;h- nkob/ ik fojK. e[M
s;thoK s/ohnK ezXK T[go Nzr fdshnK jB sK fe w?B{z G[Zb Bk ikt/_. fdb ftu s/o/
Bkb jZE fwbk fbnk- tkB.
nkob/ dk ;{[oi fgxb/ j'J/ bkt/ dh r/_d tork ;h. nZyK uz[fXnk d/D tkbh X[Zg.
;kd/ j'Nb ftu ;kdk fijk ewok b? fbnk fi; ftu e?Bt; ;N?_v fcN Bjh_ j' ;edk ;h,
sK eh, T[j sK nkT[{Nv'o g/_fNzr eo/rk. ;afjo fJ; soK dk ;h fit/_ o'wB j[D/ SZv e/
tkg; rJ/ j'D. gZEoK d/ T[u/ wekB, rbhnK szr, sK fe xZN s'_ xZN X[Zg nk ;e/. J/Bk
r{VQk Bhbk nkek;a ihtB ftu gfjbh tko d/fynk. fJ;/ soK iawhB T[gobh jfonkbh sK
fit/_ gkrb j' rJh j't/.i/ fJBQK ozrK B{z e?Bt; T[go T[skoB ftu ekw:kp j' frnk sK
eh e'Jh wzB/rk fes/ fJ; soK d/ ozr w"i{d jB ? bkb Xosh, uKdh ozrk uwedk pZdb
fit/_ uheK wkodk iKdk j't/, tZv/ ;{j/ r[bkp s[jkv/ tZb d/yD' Bjh_ jNd/. e[dos BZu ojh
d/yh. pdkw d/ c[ Zb fyVB/ ;ao{ j' rJ/ ;B. J/Bh BhM Bkb d/yh frnk fe EZe e/ nZyK
d[yD bZr gJhnK. g?fo; dh mzY iV'_Q eZNh rJh, ;koh ;[;sh, EektN s/ T[dk;h T[v rJh.
o{j nBzd ftG'o j' rJh.
r[bkph feBkfonK ftueko Bhbk dfonk tr fojk ;h. doys j/m n"osK eZgV/ X'
ojhnK ;B. ;akwh x[zw fco e/ j'Nb d/ pko o{w ftu ik p?mk s/ g?r dk nkovo fdsk.
fJe niBph B/V/ nk p?mk, nkgDk Bkw dZ; e/ fejk- w?_ gZsoeko jK. s[;h_?
-w?_ nkofN;N.
-fezBk fuo oj'r/?
- bzwk ;wK, ;akfJd ;kb.
- Bk oj' J/Bk ;wK, ;{oi dh X[Zg gkrb eo fdzdh j?. jB/ohnK g?o T[ykV fdzdhnK
jB. fJE'_ d/ ;ko/ t;Bhe Bhw gkrb jB.
tkB jZf;nk- s?B{z n?t/_ bZrk. w?_ fJE/ fNeKrk d/o se.
fJE/ T[; dk fdb bZrk. jo o'ia fJe g/_fNzr w[ezwb j' iKdh. edh edh sK d' pD
iKdhnK. T[; B/ nkgDhnK e?Bt;K T[go X[ZgK ns/ jB/ohnK fdykJhnK. fJe s;tho d/y e/
nkgD/ nkg B{z fejk- fJj g/_fNzr d/ye/ b'e fejk eoBr/ ;aokph j' e/ pDkJh n?.
b'e T[;B{z mhe br/. G{o/ tkb s/ bkb f;o ekoB b'eK B/ nkg/
T[; dk Bkw c{o{ oZy fdZsk, c{ wkfJB c{b, o{ wkfJB/ o?Zv :kBh fe bkb gkrb. HHHc{o{ HHH.
X[Zg/ yb'sk ;kok ;kok fdB g/_fNzr eodk. j[D T[; B{z gqtkj Bjh_ ;h wBia{o j'J/rk fe Bjh_,
ouBk fte/rh fe Bjh_.T[; dh e'Jh fBZih fiazdrh Bjh_ ;h. Bk n"os, Bk pZu/, Bk oZp, Bk
ykD ghD ftu fdbu;gh, p; fBozso g/_fNzr, g/fNzr T[; dk ihtB ;h, g/_fNzr eodk, j'o
;G e[M G[Zb iKdk, p; fJjh T[; B{z ukjhdk ;h.
fJe ;akw T[;B/ ;a'o ;aokpk ;[fDnk, T[; gk;/ s[o fgnk. fJj bkbpZsh fJbkek ;h,
fe;/ ekoB pdwk;aK B/ d' f;gkjh wko fds/ s/ j[D Gkoh frDsh ftu g[b; Xo geV eo
ojh ;h. uhe fubkjN s'_ pue/ T[j fJe jt/bh ftu tV frnk, wkbe B/ jZE fwbkfJnk,
g[ZfSnk- e'Jh riap dh uhia fdyktK? fJe e[Vh n?. d/fyU iok. ;Zdk G/fink sK e[Vh Budh
j'Jh ewo/ ftu nkJh s/ rkje B{z ;bkw fejk.
- s{z ? s{z sK fBeh fijh pkbVh j?_ ? tkB B/ fejk.
- Bjh_ HHH w?_ ;'bK ;kb dh j' rJh nK.
- fJE/ ed'_ nkJh?
60

- fJe ;kb gfjbK.
BhbhnK nZyK tkbh e[Vh ;[jDh ;h. fsZyhnK SkshnK fJT[_ brdhnK ;B fit_/ bVfdnK j'fJnk
e'Jh d't/_ T[ZrbK fto'Xh tZb ;/X/.
tkB B/ fejk- s{z ;[jDh j_?. e[Vh y[;a j' rJh s/ fejk s{z th ;[jDk j_? c{ o{. s?B{z
w/o/ Bkw dk fet/_ gs? ? -s{z ;kok fdB X[Zg/ yb'sk g/_N eodk j[zB?, b'e nkg; ftu rZbK
eofdnK s?B{z c{o{ efjd/ ;[D/ w?. s{z N'g th Bjh_ gkT[_dk. d/y s/ohnK nZyK s/ f;o X[Zg
ekoB fezB/ bkb B/. - w/ok Bkw tkB j?, s{z tkB Bh_ efj ;edh? e[Vh B/ fejk- Bk Bk.
c{o{ tXhn?.w/ok Bkw oS?b n?.
- ft;eh wzrtktK? e[Vh B/ g[ZfSnk.
- Bk tkJhB mhe n?. w/o/ e'b pj[s/ g?;/ Bjh_.p'sb nk rJh sK oS?b B/ fejk- w/o/ ewo/
ftu ubd/ nK. T[E/ ghth_. ewo/ ftu nk rJ/. tkB wzih s/ p?m frnk. ezB dh fwZmh b?e/
oS?b B/ fejk- s/o/ fBe/ fBe/ ezB fezB/ ;[jD/ B/ c{o{. fJe wjhB/ pkd w/o/ e'b e'Jh rkje
nkfJn?. s{z jo oks nkfJnk eo c{o{. tkB B/ fejk- feE/, w/o/ e'b J/B/ g?;/ feZE/ ? e[Vh B/
d't/_ ezB jZEK ftu b?e/ fejk- w/oh ehws gzi coKe j? c{o{. fi; fdB s/o/ e'b gzi coKe
Bk j'D fJe ezB d/ ikJh_. d't/_ y[{p jZ;/.
tkB ikD bZrk, e[Vh B/ fejk- id'_ fdb eo/ w/o/ e'b nkfJnk eoh_ c{o{. j'o fe;/
e[Vh e'b Bh ikDk. mhe?
fBoftxB T[;dk ezw ufbnk, J/BhnK s;thoK j' rJhnK fe ewok Go frnk, T[;B/
fJe ckbs{ ekB; s/ oZyDhnK ;a[o{ eo fdshnK sK j'Nb wkbe B/ fJ; dk tkX{ feokfJnk
wzfrnk. tkB B/ nkgD/ nkg B{z fejk- i/ w/o/ e'b g?;/ j[zd/ w?_ nkgDhnK ;kohnK s;thoK
wfjzr/ Gkn yohd b?_dk. g?;/ th s/ s;thoK th, d't/_ w/o/ e'b ofj iKdhnK. T[;B{z w'gk;K
dk tke :kd nkfJnk, -ebkeko dk jo jZe j? T[j nkgDk BtK ;z;ko f;oi/ fijVk fd;d/
;z;ko s'_ tXhe ;[jDk, tXhe ;kdk, Xotk; fdzdk j't/ s/ fd;d/ s'_ tXhe n;bh j't/_.
- eh J/Bh tZvh frDsh ftu s;thoK pDkJh ikDk mhe j? ? T[;B/ nkgD/ nkg B{z
g[ZfSnk, go fJ; ftu w/ok eh t;, s/iah Bkb fynkb nk oj/ B/, s/iah Bkb nkg/ poZ;a uZbh
iKd?, j[D iiap/ wiap[{s B/, j'D fdT[ i' j[zd?, fJe fdB nkJ/rk id'_ iiafpnK s'_ w[es j'
iktKrk, c/o p?m iktKrk u[gukg. jkb/ ezw pE/ok fgn? eoB tkbk.
vkehnk o{b?_ nkgD/ w[zv/ Bkb feXo/ ik fojk ;h, o;s/ ftu tkB g/_N eodk d/fynk.
vkehJ/ B/ fejk- w?_ nkoN tZb'_ e'oK jK ;qhwkB, i/ nkfrnk fdT[ sK d//y btK fJj eh
efonk eod/ j'?
- jK y[;ah Bkb o{b?I.
- s/o/ fuso/ y/s fpbe[b n;bh brd/ B/ tkB. w?_ fiBQK y/sK ftu'_ dh bzx e/
nkfJnK, T[jh sK jB fJj, fJE/ w/oh Sksh ftu e[M ezp foj? tkB, p/;ae jZE bke/
d/y b?. y/s ftubh c;b eZNh ikt/rh tkB, y/s ;[zB/ j' ikDr/, s/oh fJj c;b i[r'
i[ Zr nNZb oj/rh. w?_ nBgVQ pzdk nkoN pko/ Bjh_ ikDdk, J/Bk ikD frnK fe s{z
ewkb n? p;. id'_ w? _ S'Nk j[zdk ;K, T[d'_ w?B{z oZp wfj;{; j'fJnk eodk ;h, ;wK
phsD Bkb T[;dh ;aeb X[zXbh g? rJh, nZi c/o s/o/ ekria T[go fdZ; frn?. w/oh
sBykj xZN n? Bjh_ sK w?_ e'Jh s;tho yohd b?_dk.
- w?_ fe;/ fdB s/oh s;tho pDk e/ s?B{z frcN d/ e/ iktKrk.
- ;qhwkB fJj d;', fJ; ;z;ko s'_ fpBk th e'Jh j'o d[BhnK j? ?
- fJj sK w?B{z pj[s gsk Bjh_ go brdk fJT[_ j? fit/_ pZ;K s/ o/bK, ;kB{z fJe s'_
d{ih EK b? iKdhnk jB, fJ;/ soK NkJhckJhv, sgfde s/ gb/r ;kB{z fJe d[BhnK
ftu'_ u[e e/ d{ih ftu b? iKdhnK jB.
- s[;h_ w/oh s;tho Bjh_ pDkT[r/ ;qhwkB feT[_fe fij' fij/ pd;{os pzd/ s[jkB{z ukjhd/
jB w?_ T[Bk pd;aeb Bjh_.
tkB jZ; fgnk- s{z oZp tor?_. oZp d/ fJj' fijh dkjVh s/ w[ ZSK B/.
61

- s[;h_ wiake Bk eo' ;qhwkB, eZbQ ;akwh ;kv/ xo ykDk ykD nkT[Dk. pj[s e[M sK Bjh_
j'Dk, go i' th j?, nkT[Dk io{o.
nrb/ fdB ykDk yKfdnK vkehJ/ B/ fejk- w?_ i[nkBh ftu fogpbheB j[zdk ;h. w?B{z brdk
j[zdk n;h_ okfinK eoe/ rohp nK. b'eszso ftu ;ko/ pokpo j'Dr/. go e[M th Bjh_
pdfbnk, T[jh e[M ;G. w? _ nBgVQ jK ;qhwkB, i/ w?_ gfVQnk j[zdk ;akfJd fJBQK rZbK pko/
gsk bZr Jh iKdk. tkB jZf;nk- w?_ th nBgVQ nK. w?B{z th e'Jh gsk Bh brdk fJ; ;ko/
ek;/ dk.
;'uD bZrk- J/Bk ezw fet/_ eoh ikBk? w?B{z :ehB n? woB fgS'_ id'_ w/ok fi;w
bZeV tKr nkeV ikt/rk, w/ohnK T[rbK T[d'_ th g/_N eoB tk;s/ Bow, Bkiae ofjDrhnK.
j'Nb dk ewok szr ;h s/ wfjzrk th. ;odhnK ftu T[j chbvtoe sK eo Bjh_
;e/rk, fJ; bJh i/ e'Jh ;;sk fijk xo fwb ikt/. T[; B/ vkehJ/ dh wdd bJh. fJe
xo bZG frnk.vkehJ/ B/ fejk- s[;h_ rZb Bk efoT[. s[jkB{z ;"d/pkiah Bh nkT[_dh. xo
d/fynk sK tkB B/ fejk- J/Bk tZvk xo Bh w?_ b? ;edk, g?;/ Bjh_. feokJ/ dh rZb j'D
bZrh. wkbe B/ g[ZfSnk- gfjbK fJj dZ;', fezBk fuo oj'r/? tkB B/ fejk- xZN' xZN S/
wjhB,/ go tX th j' ;ed?. wkbe B/ fejk- nZSk? S/ wjhB/ ? gzdoK coKe finkdk sK
Bjh__ ? ;"dk j' frnk, J/Bk ;;sk ? j'Nb d/ you dk shik fjZ;k.
gkb r'r?_ dk ys nkfJnk- eoia/ ekoB i/bQ dh jtk yk e/ nkfJnK, b?fjD/dko B/
w/ohnK s;thoK B{z izdok wko oZfyn?- g?;/ d/ ikJh_ s/ fJj euok b? ikJh_. w/oh jkbs wzrs/
torh j' rJh j?_.
gVQ e/ tkB o' fgnk. J/Bk ;akBdko ebkeko, T[j ebkeko fi; d/
w'fYnK T[go Gfty d/ ;[cB/ ozrK ftu ozr/ j'J/ B/, T[;dk fJj jkb.iwkB/ s/ bZy bkjBs.
T[; B{{z fJe rZb ;[ZMh. i/ r'r?_ fJE/ nk ikt/' ? v/Y ;" ftu d'tK dk r[iakok uZb ;ed?.
T[; Bkb ofjDk fJT[_ j't/rk fit/_ ;[or ftu ojhJ/, T[;s'_ fezBk e[M f;ZyD B{z fwb/rk, s/
v/Y ;'" feT[_? r'r?_ g/_fNzria G/idk oj/rk EhU B{z, T[;dhnK feosK sK fteD bZr rJhnK B/,
EhU d' ;" th G/i ;ed?. d/yd/ nK.
vkehnk nkfJnk. ykbh e?Bt; d/y e/ g[ZfSnk- eh pDkT[r/ ;qhwkB?
tkB B/ fejk- gsMV. nkj, d/y, fJE/ fJ; gk;/ ;o{ d/ doysK dh esko j'J/rh, p'sbK
tor/ ;o{ fJE/, u?;BN d/ ghb/ gZfsnK tkb/ doys, E'V/Q e[ fBzp{, MkVhnK dh tkV fJXo'_
T[Xo ikJ/rh, n?E/ o/s, n?E/ xkj j'J/rk, nkj grvzvh ik ojh j?. T[go Bhbk ykbh
nkek;a.
- tkj ;qhwkB tkj. s[;h_ riap j'. ykbh ekria T[go s[;h_ g[{ok pkr fdyk fdsk, s[;h_
nzB/Q B{z nZyK d/ ;ed/ j'. ewkb.
EhU B/ r'r?_ d/ feokJ/ dk gqpzX eo fdsk. E'VQ/ e[ g?;/ tkB B{z tkX{ you/ bJh G/i/. ozr
ns/ ekria G/i/. tkB B/ g{oh ikB bke/ T[;dk p?vo{w ;ikT[Dk ;a[o{ ehsk. y[d Gz[i/ ;"
bt/rk, T[;skd dk ewok tXhnk j'Dk ukjhd?.
rowh dh o[Zs nkJh, ;[oiw[yh fyV/, e?Bt;K s/ T[so/ s/ Bkb jh nk T[sfonk gkb
r'r?_. wkbe wekB B/ ufjefdnK fejk- w?_ s[jkB{z d/fyn? ;qhwkB, gfjbK d/fyn?.
- feE/? - s[;h_ tkB B{z nkgDh g/_fNzr G/ih ;h, w?_ d/yh ;h. s[;h_ ;akBdko g/_No j'
;qhwkB.
tkB ns/ r'r?_ ebk dh fET{oh T[go fJe d[{i/ s'_ T[bN j[zd/. fijV/ ebkeko ns/ fijVh
;a?bh tkB dh wBg;zd, r'r?_ T[; d/ fybkc. fiBQK w;fbnK T[go T[j ;fjws j[zd/, T[BK dh
;fjwsh d/ ekoB th fJe d{i/ d/ T[bN j[zd/.
-s?B{z edh g/_fNzr eoBh Bjh_ nkT[_Dh tkB. s{z e[dos dh Beb feT_[ eod?_? e[dos
B{z d/y. fco tkg; xo nke/ mzY/ fdwkr Bkb mzY/ y{B Bkb T[sko.
62

- mzYk fdwkr? feT[_ ? w?_ fJE/ row y{B ns/ row fdwkr tk;s/ J/vh d{o
nkfJnk. w?B{z rowh dh b'V j? mzY dh Bjh_. g?fo; Bjh_ ukjhdk.
- d{ik gouko eoBk SZv d/. gouko eoB? sK uou ftu ikj. g/fNzr gqtuB Bjh_
eodh, ejkDh Bjh ;[DkT[_dh, fd;dh j'Jh th nfdq;aN j?. fJ; dk nkgDk e"Jh
cb;ck Bjh_ j[zdk, e/tb ;NkJhb j[zdk j?. y?o s/oh woiah. nZi s/ohnK e'm/ tkbhnK
e'b ubKr/.
- mhe n?. go oS?b w/oh j?. T[; tZb d/yDk th Bjh_. mhe?
;akwh d't/_ jt/bh ftu rJ/. oS?b d"Vh nkJh s/ tkB dh r'd ftu p?m rJh. jt/bh d/
wkbe b{Jh Bkb r'r?_ dh tkech eotkJh. b{Jh B/ fejk- ;qhwkB w?_ fgSb/ ;kb g?fo; s'_ d'
s;thoK yohd fbnkfJnk ;k. iok d/y'r/? r'r?_, b{Jh Bkb ubk frnk s/ oS?b tkB B{z
nkgD/ ewo/ ftu b? rJh. tkB B/ fejk- w?_ fJE/ S/ wjhfBnK s'_ nk fojK, w?B{z sK b{Jh B/
s;thoK d/yD bJh edh fejk Bjh_. oS?b jZ;h -s?B{z g/_No e"D ;wMd? c{o{? s{z wjhfBnK
pkd nkfJn?_. w/oh :kd Bh_ nkT[_dh?
- Bjh_ fJj rZb Bjh_ oS?b. w/o/ e'b g?;/ Bjh_ j[zd/.
T[;B/ d't/_ ezB nkgD/ jZEK ftu b?e/ tkoh tkoh u[zw/. fezB/ ;[jD/. i/ fes/ j' ;edk,
fJE'_ eZN e/ fJj w?_ nkgD/ f;o T[go f;T[_ b?_dh.
e'Jh jZf;nk ;h fe o'fJnk, gsk Bjh_. jkb ftu'_ uheD dh nktkia nkJh. tkB ns/ oS?b
T[Xo s[o gJ/. r'r?_ co;a s/ fvfrnk fgnk o' fojk ;h. tkB B{z d/y d/ efjD bZrk- nkj
d/y HHHH ezX T[gobhnK d' s;thoK d/y. b{Jh, r{gbia ezgBh s'_ yohd e/ fbnkfJn?. t/;tktK
d/ e'm/ sZe sK gj[zu/ nkyo. j'o EktK s/ th g[ZiKr/. T[j dotkfiU pkjo GZiD bZrk sK
tkB B/ g[ZfSnk- feZXo uZfbn? j[D?- vkeykB/. nkgD/ Gok B{z N?bhrqkw d/D.
nrbh ;akw tkB dhnK s;thoK d/y e/ r'r?_ B/ fejk- ;koh T[wo Bjh_. ;koh
T[wo s?B{z poZ; ubkT[Dk Bh nkT[dk. nkgD/ f;o ftu'_ vZu fdwkr eZY d/ tkB, d[BhnK
ep{b eo bJ/rh,
- fJj w/ok ;N{vhU j? ;qhwkB, w/ohnK s;thoK. w?_ wBia{o BkwBi{o B{z bZs Bh
wkodk. fit/_ fdb eo/ s{z behoK wko, w?_ s?B{z ed/ N'fen? ?
- s?B{z sK g';Nekov dh ;N?_g ft;wkfds eo fdzdh n? w{oy tkB, s?B{z eh gsk d/rk
eh eh g/_N eo fdzd?.
- d/rk eh uhia? fwSb/ dk ezw d/fyn? ?
- fwSb/? iiapksh HHH gkrb HHH T[j eh eo ;ed? ?
- fwSb/ w/ok o{jkBh T[;skd j?, w/ok fgsk, ;wfMnk?
T[jB{z Bk s?B{z ozrK d/ w/b dk e'Jh gsk Bjh_. ozrK ftu ;[cB/ GoB/ j[zd/ B/,
ozrK s'_ go/v Bjh_ eotkJhdh por/vhno. fJe rZb s?B{z j'o dZ;K tkB? fijV/ pzd/ w/o/ Bkb
pfj; eod/ B/ T[BQK dk fdwkr fjZb iKd?.
tkB jZf;nk- Xweh d/ foj?_ ?
- Bk ;{uBk d/ fojK.
p/gqtkj j'e/ X[Zg ftu yb'sk tkB XVk XVk g/_fNzr do g/_fNzr eo fojk ;h. edh edh fJe
fdB ftu fszB, ;'udk- eh gsk ihtB fezBk e[ fuo T[gikT{ oj/rk, gZeh c;b ;KGDh mhe.
;wK e?bzvoK dh EK w/ohnK s;thoK okjh_ fwfDnk ikJ/rk. d[BhnK B{z ed'I gsk bZr/rk
d[Bhnk ikD/, tkB B{z ft;atk; j' frnk fe T[j wziab sZe g[Zi frnk j?, ;zg{oBsk sZe. fJj'
ekch ;h.
r'r?_ B/ g?_N eod/ tkB dk fuso pDkfJnk, d/y e/ tkB B/ fejk- jK, fJj jK sK
w?_ jh go fJT[_ brd? fit/_ fe;/ gkrb tkB dh s;tho j't/.d't/_ iD/ j'Nb ftu ike/ ft;eh
ghD bZr/. nukBe tkB B/ g?r tkbk rbk; r'r?_ d/ f;o ftu wkfonk, tZiD fgS'_ iawhB s/
N'N/ N'N/ j'e/ fybo frnk.T[;B/ tkB B{z pkjK ftu u[e fbnk s/ wzi/ s/ fbNk fdsk. s[os
63

;" frnk. nrbh ;t/o T[m e/ fejk- r'r?_ w?B{z wkVk e[ :kd j? fit/_ w?_ eZbQ s/oh p/fJiash
ehsh j't/.
-w?_ s?B{z p/gqtkj fdb Bkb wkc eo fdsk j?. s?B{z gs? w?_ s/o/ s'_
seVk jK? i/ w?B{z r[Z;k uVQ iKdk c/o s/ok eh pDdk? fJe rZb w?_ eoKrk. s/o/ ftjko pko/
EhU B{z dZ;Krk s/ ibdh g?fo; bJh otkBk j'tKrk.
- Bk Bk r'r?_ fJj xo, fJ; xo dh jo/e uhia sK w?_ s/o/ bJh yohdh ;h. w?B{z
SZv ikJ/_rk? tkB B/ wkchnK wzrhnK, jZE i'V/, p[o/ bcia ej/, fco Xweh fdsh, fco o'
fgnk. ghb/ xo ftu iiafpnK dk s{ckB uZfbnk. r'r_? ;koh oks Bk ;"_dk, ;t/o ;ko ;"_
iKdk. T[jB{z brdk, id'_ ;[Zsk j[zBk, tkB w/o/ f;okQD// yb'sk ofjd?, feT[_? fJe fdB
g[ZfSnk- s?B{z j'fJnk eh n? tkB? tkB B/ e'Jh T[so Bk fdsk, fp;so/ s/ b/fNnk, ;_"
frnk.
nrbh oks tkB fco r"r?_ d/ f;okQD/ nk yb'sk, T[uh nktkia ftu T[; B/ fejk-
ikj ;"_ ik tkB. ike/ ;"_ frnk.
nrbh ;t/o tkB B/ ;{g pDke/ r'r?_ B{z eZg fdsk.x[ZN Go e/
r'r?_ djkfVnk- s{z nZy puk e/ w/o/ ;{g ftu g/_N fwbk fds?. tkB jZ; fgnk. ;akwh d't/ e'm/
tkbhnK e'b ub/ rJ/. oS?b nkJh, jZ; e/ efjD bZrh- w/o/ ewo/ ftu uZb c{o{. tkB B/
ejk- Bjh_. w/o/ e'b gzi coKe Bjh_. sK eh c{o{? fJe ezB d/ dJh_. gzi gzi coKe d/ sK
j?r/ fJj. mhe j?, tkB B/ fejk.
xo nkJ/. tkB B/ T[;sok u[Zfenk r[;bykB/ d/ ;ah;a/ ;kjwD/ yb' e/ fJe j[Me/ Bkb
;Zik ezB iV s'_ tZY fdsk.f;o d[nkb/ s"bhnk bg/fNnk, ezB B{z N{Nh j/m X'fJnk. fco ;kc
ekria ftu tb/N fbnk. T[; dh jkbs d/y e/ r'r_? d"V e/ j'Nb ftu ik tfVnk.tkB B/
e'm/ dh xzNhyVekJh. dotkik y[ZbQk, fejk- oS?b B{z G/i. oS?b nk rJh.
- U c{o{. jK dZ; eh rZb n? ?
- w?_ s/o/ bJh s[jck fbnkfJnK.
ekria dh sfj y'bQh sK ezB d/y e/ uhe wkoh s/ p/j';a j'e/ fvr gJh.
tkg; nkgD/ xo nke/ tkB ;__" frnk. nrbh ;t/oh r'r? nkfJnk, xo bkr/ b'eK dh GhV
d/yh. vkehnk o{b?_ xpokjN ftu jZE wb fojk ;h.T[;B/ r'r?_ B{z g[ZfSnk- s{z eh eo fdsk
nkgD/ d';s B{z?
- eh eo fdsk w? ? r'r?_ B/ g[fSnk.
T[j wo frn?. nkj bj{ d/y. co;a s/ g"VhnK ftu y{B jh y{B. r'r?_ ns/ o{b?_ g[b;
nc;o Bkb nzdo rJ/. bj{ fGi/ fp;so/ T[go tkB b/fNnk j'fJnk ;h. r'r?_ B/ jZE
bkfJnk, fi;w row ;h, d/fynk, fdb XVe fojk ;h. gkb B/ g[b; B{z fejk- w?_ ubdK,
w/o/ ;kjwD/ fJ; dh jkbs yokp j' ikt/rh. j;gskb b? ikT[. i/ w/o/ pko/ g[ZS/ sK efjDk
g?fo; ubk frn?. pZxh ftu fpmk e/ j;gskb ik oj/ ;B, vkehnk Bkb Bkb d"V fojk
;h.
vkeNo B/ iayw ;kc ehsk, dtkJh bkJh, gZNh ehsh, ewo/ ftu'_ jo/e uhia u[e bJh
rJh. nkokw eo/, pkjo'_ skbk bk fdZsk. fdB Yb/ id'_ vkeNo Bpia d/y fojk ;h, ikr
fgnk, g[ZfSnk- w?_ feE/ jK?
- j;gskb ftu, vkeNo B/ fejk. T[j nkgDk jZE ;Zi/ ezB tb fbikD bZrk sK
vkeNo B/ jZE cV fbnk.
- T[j, :kd nkfJnk. ezB ;h fJE/.
- iayw tZvk Bjh_. S/sh mhe j' ikJ/_rk.
- w/ok d';s feE/ n? ?
- g?fo; ubk frn?.
- fJj ewok fpbe[b ykbh feT[_ j? vkeNo?
- sK fe s{z pu ;e/_.
64

- pu ;eK? fe;s'_ yso? w?B{z?
- s/o/ s'_. y[{B finkdk tr frn?, e[M ewi'aoh oj/rh, pkeh mhe n?.
- nZSk, mhe n?. ;wM frnk.
nrbh ;t/o Bhd'_ ikfrnk sK f;okQD/ EhU p/?mk ;h, ghbk fujok bkb nZyK. tkB dh Biao
EhU s/ gJh, r'fvnK Gko iawhB s/ p?m e/ EhU B/ tkB dk jZE cV e/ pko pko u[zfwnk,
iako iako o'fJnk, T[uh T[uh, pZfunK tKr.
- fJE/ ojh_ EhU, ikJh_ Bk. id'_ w/oh nZy y[bQ/, w/o/ ;kjwD/ s/ok
fujok j'Dk ukjhd?. mhe? s?B[z fe; B/ dZf;nk?
- r'r?_ B/. sko fwbh. T[dh_ No/B cV e/ fJE/ gj[zu frnk.vkeNo B/ dZf;nk fJj
;B;No'e n?, Bzr/ f;o s{z X[Zg/ g/_N eodk fojk. fJE/ eJhnK B{z j' iKd?. s{z okih j'
ik s?B{z y[;aypoh ;[DkT[_rk.vkeNo ubk frnk, sK tkB B/ fejk- ;[Dk j[D y[;aypoh.
- w?_ fJe vZu e[Vh bZG bJh i'jzBk pzro. neb ;aeb nkgDh wK torh n?.
gfjbK sK w?B{z fJeZbk ofjD dh nkds ;h go id'_ fJe ;kb s{z w/o/ e'b ofj e/ fJE/
nk frnk fco w/ok fdb Bh bZrk.
- EhU, d[y s'_ fpBk w? s?B{ eh fdsk?
- s{z nk frnk sK w?B{z :kd nkT[_dk - fJE/ s/o/ iZ[s/ gJ/ j[zd/, fJE/ e?Bt;, fJE/ ozr
s/ ozrK dh y[;ap{.
o{b?I vkehnk jo ;akw r[bd;sk b?e/ jkiao j[zdk.
g{oh j';a gos nkJh sK vkeNo B/ EhU B{z fejk- s{z ikj j[D. e'Jh ysok Bjh_.
s/oh EK w?_ jK j[D fJE/, w?_ th fJ; dk Gok jK. EhU ubk frnk ewo/ ftu w/ia e[o;h,
iZr rbk; fNek fds/. vkeNo B/ fejk- T[m tkB pkjo ubd/ nK skiah jtk ftu,
;zGb e/, d/yhI bZsK Gko u[Ze ojhnK B/? ;G mhe j?. pkjo fBeb nkJ/.
- ;Zu dZ; tkB, s{z nfijk feT[_ ehsk? vkeNo B/ g[ZfSnk.
- gsk Bjh_ vkeNo.
- s{z T[d'_ eh ;'u fojk ;h?
- w?_ ? w?_ e[M ;'funk jh Bjh_ vkeNo.
jcs/ e[ pkd tkB vkeNo ;kjwD/ p?mk rZbK eo fojk ;h sK w/ia T[s/ T[;sok fgnk
d/fynk, uZ[e e/ y'bQ fbnk, fejk- vkeNo s/oh dkjVh tZXh j'Jh n?, ej/_ sK ;a/t eo
fdnK?
- j/mK oZy, fJ; B{z j/mK oZy, vkeNo B/ fejk.
- w?_ pj[s tXhnk ;a/t eodK vkeNo, fdyktK?
- s[os pzd eoe/ w/ia T[go oZy tkB. vkeNo fuZbkfJnk. tkB B/ T[;sok pzd eoe/
w/ia s/ oZy fdsk.
- w?_ g/_N eo fbnk eoK vkeNo? fJ; soK p?fmnK w/ok ;wk Bh bzxdk. vkeNo B/
nkfrnk d/ fdsh, j";bk nciakJh tk;s/, Bkowb eoB tk;s/ vkeNo B/ fejk- w/oh
s;tho pDk d/j tkB.
tkB B/ y{p;{os g'oNo/N fuso fdsk, vkeNo B{z fdzfdnK fejk- fJj ep{b eo'
vkeNo. w/o/ e'b j'o e[M d/D B{z Bjh_ j?. vkeNo B/ s;tho dh dkd fdsh, Åa[eokBk
eofdnK fejk- ;z;ko d/ ;G s'_ tZv/ fusoeko B/ w/ok fuso pDkfJn?. fJ; s'_ tXhe ;akB
eh j' ;edh j? ? tkB y[;a j' frnk. nkgDh e'mh ftu fbik e/ T[; EK s/ fuso Nzr fdsk
fiE/ ezX ftu so/V nkJh j'Jh ;h. vkeNo s/ T[;dh phth fuZso d/y d/y d/o sZe jZ;h
rJ/.
tkB B{z fGnkBe nktkiaK ns/ vokT[D/ fdq;a fdZ;D bZr iKd/. ektK d/ Mz[v Bkb
nkek;a ekbk j' iKdk s/ T[j tkB dk wk; B'uD bZr iKd/. vkeNo B;a/ dhnK r'bhnK d/
fdzdk. vkehnk T[;B{z edh xo edh j'Nb ykD/ tk;s/ b? iKdk. tkB B/ fejk- o{b?_ fJj sK
65

w?B{z gsk ;h fe bZs pKj N[ZN ikt/, c/o mhe j' iKdh n?, N[ZND s'_ pkd fdwkr th mhe j'
;ed? fJj w?B{z gsk Bjh_.
fJe fdB oS?b B{z fwbD frnk, fejk- wkc eoh_ e[VhJ/. w?_ s/ok fdb d[ykfJnk.
e[Vh p'bh- s{z e'Jh gfjbk Bjh_ c{o{. s/o/ tor/ j'o th pj[s jB fdb d[ykD tkb/.
Bkowb j'e/ fco g/_fNzr eoB bZrk. vkeNo e'b uZeo brdk.
vkeNo B/ fejk- t?;/ sK ;ko/ Jh ebkeko n;kXkoB jZd se iiapksh j[zd/ jB, i/ T[j ;kv/
tor/ j'D c/o ebkeko fet/_ j'D? go s?B{z pu pu e/ ofjDk gt/rk tkB. tZvh T[s/iBk wko{
j[zdh j?. fJj pzd/ B{z b? p?mdh j?.
-w?B{z gs? vkeNo. w?_ T[; o;s/ T[s/ uZb fojK s/iah Bkb fijVk w"s sZe g[Zidk j?.
go ukok Bjh_, g/_N Bjh_ eodk sK th w"s j?. fJe nkofN;N g/_N Bk eo/ fco fiT[Dk fe;
ezw? w?_ g/_N eoKrk.
fpBk Bkrk T[;B/ fJ; ntXh ftu ;?_sh fuZso pDkJ/. EZe frnk. e[o;h s/ p?m frnk,
;kok fdB p?mk fojk, ;akwh j'Nb tZb s[o fgnk, ;{g dk nkovo fdZsk. T[; B{z y"cBke
nktkiaK fco ;[DkJh d/D bZrhnK. ;{g dk eN'ok co;a s/ gNek e/ djkfVnk- fJ; ;{g ftu
iafjo feT[_ gkfJn? ? w/o/ esb dh :'iBk? ;[oZfynk eowukohnK B/ iZck wko e/ pZxh ftu
;[ZN fbnk s/ j;gskb ftu SZv nkJ/. nZm gfjo pkd j';a gosD bZrh. rZbK eoB bZrk.
fco s[oB fcoB bZrk. ;kok ;afjo T[; B{z ikD frnk ;h. pZu/ c{o{ c{o{ efje/ d"V iKd/,
c{o{ d{ik ezB ;kB{z d/ d/? eZN/ ezB d/ NZg/ i'V i'V rkT[_d/-
c{o{ B/ eZN fbnk ;Zik ezB.
yZpk th ikJ/rk rZb w/oh wzB.
o"bk gkU NZb yVekU
Bk rZb ;[Ddk Bk NzB NzB..
c{o{ c{o{, j' frnk efjo.
c{{o{ d/ ;{g u g? frnk iafjo.
tkB uhfenk- d'Vd/ j' fe Bjh_ ;a?skB'? p[oh wko wkoKrk i/ Bk jN/. GZi ikT[.fJj nkyfdnK
T[;B/ nkgDhnK t;s{nK j/mK rbh ftu ;[ZNDhnK ;a[o{ eo fdshnK. pZu/ sK d"V rJ/ go
T[; B/ e'Jh uhia Bjh_ SZvh. X/bk X/bk i'V e/ yohdhnK ;kohnK t;sK j/mK trkj wkohnK,
;D/ e?Bt;K, ozrK s/ poZ;aK d/.
BZp/ pzfdnK B/ ;afjo d/ w/no B{z noih fbyh, -n;h_ nkobh d/
t;Bhe p/Bsh eod/ jK ;qhwkB fe ftB;?_N tkB rkr Bkw dk pzdk gkrb j' frn?. i/
T[;B{z pzd Bk ehsk, d[oxNBk xN ;edh j?. g[b; nkJh, i/bQ ftu fJeZb/ B{z pzd eo
fdZsk, pkjo gfjo/dko bk fdZsk. id'_ T[;B{z j';a nkJh sK fejk- vkeNo o/ B{z fwbk fdT[?
f;gkjh B/ fejk- Bjh_. fco fejk- e[M ekria s/ fJe g?Bf;b d/ fdT[. w? nkgD/ Gok B{z
ys fbyD?. f;gkjh B/ fejk- nkfrnk Bjh_.
vkeNo o/ B{z gsk bZrk, y[d uZb nkfJnk, fejk- s/o/ bJh nfijk toskok mhe Bh
tkB. fJe tko i/ i/bQ d/ vkeNo B/ fby fdsk fe s{z gkrb j?_ c/o ;koh T[wo tk;s/
izdok tZfink ;wM. w?_ s?B{z ibdh S[vk e/ nkgD/ e'b b? iktKrk. tkndk.
-EhU B{z ypo Bh eoBh vkeNo. T[;dk ftnkj B/V/ j?. ;G ;ZfsnkBk; j' ikJ/rk. w?_
nkg fumh fbyKrk fe ezw ftu o[fMnk j'D eoe/ ftnkj ftu ;akwb Bjh_ j'tKrk, pkd ftu
i;aB wBktKr/. vkeNo, s[;h_ w?B[z{ nkgD/ j;gskb ftu ed'_ fbikT[r/?
- fJ; tkoh nkgD/ j;gskb ftu Bjh_. d[{i/ ftu fbiktKr/.
- T[; gkrbK tkb/ ftu? go w?_ sK mhe nK? w?_ Bh T[E/ ikDk T[E/ sK w?_ gkrb j'
iktKrk.
66

- Bjh_ tkB, s{z fpbe[b mhe n?_. rZb fJj j?, fit/_ fi;wkBh fpwkohnK j[zdhnK B/ T[;/
soK fdwkrh th jB. osk e[ e'Jh g/u fYZbk j' frn? s/ok, T[E/ pV/ f;nkD/ vkeNo
B/, p; g/u e; d/Dr/.
- w?B{z g/_N eoB d/Dr/?
- feT[_ Bh? i' woiah eoh_. p; nkgD/ nkg B{z iaywh Bk eoh_ c/o ;G mhe.
- go fJ; ;?Zb ftu'_ w?_ fet_/ fBebKrk, i/bQ ftu'_?
- w?_ fbiktKrk. w?_ iwkBs Go fdsh j?. w/o/ Bkb s?B{z G/i d/Dr/.
vkeNo tkB B{Pz fojk eotk fbnkfJnk, pZxh ftu fpmk e/ gkrbykB/ tZb uZb fgnk.T[uh
gjkVh T[gZo fJe fJwkos ;h. vkeNo B/ dZf;nk- fJE/ gfjbK uzrh nkpkdh ;h edh tkB.
dfonk ftu jVQ nkfJnk sK gkDh fJE/ sZe nk frnk fiE/ nkgK j[D yVQ/ jK. ;G y/v
ysw, nj[ j;gskb Jh;kJh nk;aow j[zdk ;h. T[E/ vkeNo s/ Bo;K uzrhnK jB. b'j/ dk
tZvk r/N y[ZfbQnk, d't/_ nzdo rJ/, nzdobk vkeNo B/V/ yb'sk ;h, d[nk ;bkw j'Jh, o/ B/
fejk- fJj wohia Bjh_ vkeNo g/o'_, w/ok fwZso j?, ;akBdko g/_No. fJ; dk T[t/_ fynkb
oZyDk fit/_ w?_ oydk ;h. fJj efje/ vkeNo o/ ubk frnk s/ gkrbykB/ dk b'j/ dk tZvk
dotkiaK mkj pzd j' frnk.
fi; tkov ftu tkB B{z oZfynk frnk T[j Eov ebk; o/bt/ t/fNzr o{w tork ;h.
gkrb f;o s/ N'gh, jZE ftu ;'Nh cVh fJXo T[Xo x[zwd/ ofjzd/ fit/_ rZvh p; nkT[D jh
tkbh j? s/ ;tko j'e/ T[j nkg' nkgD/ fNekfDnK s/ ub/ ikDr/. tkB B/ d/fynk frnkoK
pzd/ T[; u[ZbQ/ tZb jZE c?bk e/ nZr ;/e oj/ ;B fi; ftu nZr Bjh_ ;h. e'Jh BtK pzdk
nkfJnk j?, fe;/ B/ Bjh_ d/fynk. nkg; ftu th e'Jh rZb Bjh_ eo fojk ;h. tkB tkov
s'_ pkjo fBefbnk, T[; EK ftjV/ ftu ubk frnk fiE/ vkeNo g/o' e[o;h s/ p?mk ;h, tkB
th B/V/ p?m frnk. vkeNo B/ fejk- gfjbK w?_ ;oho dk fJbki efonk eodk ;K j[D
o{jK mhe eodk j[zBk. fJe' rZb n?.
- s[;h_ wB'o'rhnK d/ vkeNo j'.w?_ nkgDk ezB feT[_ eZN fbnk ;h g/o'_?
- fJj e'Jh yk; xNBk Bjh_. ezB d/ szs{ pj[s Bkiae j[zd/ B/. gkrb B{z nihp ntkiaK ;[Dh
iKdhnK B/, T[jB{z bZrD brd? fe ezB eZND Bkb ntkiaK nkT[DhnK pzd j' ikDrhnK.
- s/ fJ; dk fJbki eh j? vkeNo?
- fJbki? jcs/ ftu d' tko row gkDh Bkb fJ;aBkB.
- j'o w_? eh efonk eoK vkeNo?
- Bk gVQ, Bk p'b, Bk ;'u, Bk dbhbpkiah eo. ;aKs ofj. i/ s/ok
pkJhpb gVB B[z fdb Bjh_ eodk, w?_ f;;No B{z efj fdnKrk s?B{z wip{o Bk eo/.;akw dk
ykDk gzi ti/ fsnko j' iKd/?. xzNh tidh j[zdh n?. p; fJ; ihtB Bkb fJe-;[o j'ik, c/o
ibdh okiah j' ikJ_/rk.
oks gJh, ;ko/ iD/ nkg' nkgD/ fp;sfonK s/ ik b/N/. tkB d/o se ikrdk fojk, gsk Bjh_
ed'_ Bh_d nkJh. ;t/o t/b/ T[; dh Bh_d fJe gkrb dhnK f;;ehnK ekoB y[ZbQh.
o'Dk T[uh j[zdk frnk s/ uheK nkek;a sZe g[Zi rJhnK.fJe i[nkB oI'_dk oI'_dk T[fmnk,
tkB B{z fejk- w?_ g?;/ y'jD bJh esb Bjh_ ehsk ;qhwkB. w/oh sbk;ah b? bT[. w?_ sK
tehb nK. w?_ sjkv/ e/; bVB bJh th fsnko nK. g[bh; B/ M{m/ e/; ftu c;k fbnk.
tkB B{z gsk Bk brk eh eo/. nkb/ d[nkb/ d/fynk. pkeh pzd/ r{VQh Bh_d ;[Zs/ gJ/
;B. ;t/ok j'fJnk. fJe fJe eoe/ gkrb T[md/ rJ/ s/ p[M/ u[bQ/ d[nkb/ i[Vd/ rJ/. tkB
;'uD bZrk- fJ; ;/IN gkb Bkw d/ nk;aow ftu gkrb jB, w?B{z fJE/ feT[_ SZfvnk frn??
T[j vkeNo dh e'mh tZb ikD bZrk sK e[Zs/ d/ o'D dh nktkia ;[Dh, Bjh_ HHH pfxnkV dh
nktkia ;hHHH j'o nr/ frnk sK d/fynk fJe gkrb n;wkB tZb w{zj eoh fJj nktkiaK eZY
fojk ;h. p[M/ j'J/ u[bQ/ d[nkb/ nZr ;/ed/ pzfdnK T[s/ nktkiK dk e'Jh n;o Bk j'fJnk.
fJe gkrb B/ uke{ dh B'e nkgDh Sksh T[go oZyh s/ uhfenk- w?_ ik fojK.
ypodko. e'Jh Bk o'e/. Skb wko d/ fJe gkrb B/ uke{ y'j fbnk fejk- s?B{z gsk Bh
67

nZi n?stko j?? n?stko tkb/ fdB Bh woBk j[zdk. nZi S[ZNh j?. nZi e[M Bjh_ eoBk. S[ZNh
wBk. eZbQ B{z wo ikJh__.
tkB B/ vkeNo B{z g[ZfSnk- fJj wohia J/B/ ykw';a feT[_ B/ vkeNo? id'_ d"ok g?_d/_,
T[d'_ uhed/ B/ p;. vkeNo B/ dZf;nk- rZbK eoB dk wsbp j[zd? dbhbK d/Dk, fJ; Bkb
T[s/iBk g?dk j' iKdh n?, T[s/iBk dk noE j? d"ok. fJBQK B{z siop/ B/ f;yk fds?- fJe u[Zg
;" ;[y.
- fJj feskpK th Bjh_ gVd/ vkeNo?
- tkB, fJBK B{z, fJBQK d/ nkgD/ ijkB ftu'_ pkjo Bk eZY'. fJj
fBebDk th Bjh_ ukj[zd/. s?B{z :kd j? vokfJvB B/ eh fejk ;h ? fejk- gkrbgB ftu
nBzd j?, fJ; nBzd dh y{ph dk gkrbK s'_ fpBk fe;/ B{z gsk Bjh_. EhU B/ vke okjh_
;a?e;ghno dk fouov d{ik, j?Boh u"Ek, j?Boh gzitK G/i/. Bkb jh ypo fwbh fe T[;B/
ftnkj eotk fbnk, g?eN ftu ozr ns/ poZ;a ;B. vkeNo B/ e?Bt; s/ ;N?_v wzrtk
fdsk. tkB v/Y wjhB/ pkd c/o e[dos d/ nkjw' ;kjwD/ i yb'sk. T[; B{z bZrk fit/_
tkov ftubh w"s dh d[orzX u'_ pkjo nk frn?.pj[s bzwk s/ fgnkok ys fby e/ EhU B{z
G/fink, fbfynk- id'_ S[ZNh fwbh T[d'_ g?fo; nk iktKrk. pE/oh X[Zg d/y bJh.
gkrb, tkov ftu'_ pkjo nke/ u[gukg T[; B{z g/_N eo fdnK d/yd/, fJe dw ykw';a,
;fseko Bkb. gkrbK dh ykw';ah ;[jDh j?.fJj' jB swhia tkb/ b'e don;b.
fJe fdB tkB B/ vkeNo B{z fejk- pkjo w?dkBk ftu ike/ g/_N eo btK vkeNo?
vkeNo B/ fejk- Bk tkB. ysok j?. i/ s?B{z pkjo d"ok g? frnk? fJE/ sK w?_ jK, ;' fceo
Bjh_.
- Bjh_ vkeNo. w?_ ;r'_ okiah j' iktKrk. fJ; pzdhykB/ ftu w?B{z d"ok g? ;ed?,
pkjo ike/ fJe dw mhe mke j' iktKrk.
fwjopkB vkeNo B/ dopkB B{z fJ;akok ehsk, nkgD/ ozrK, e?Bt; ns/ ;N?_v ;w/s tkB B{z
pkjo ikD dh nkfrnk fwb rJh. pj[s y[;a. ;{oi w[yh d/ c[ Zb d/y/ HHH nZi e/tb ;{oi
w[yh ekria T[go T[soBr/. jo o'ia ozr Godk, jo o'ia Bth_ skes jk;b j[zdh. szdo[;s
j'D bZrk.
vkehJ/ o{b?_ s/ vkeNo o/ B{z fwbD uZb fgnk, fco fynkb nkfJnk, gfjbK ghb/ xo
ftu wkbe wekB d/ epia/ ftu'_ s;thoK sK b? nktK. T[; ;akw T[j nk;aow ftu tkg; Bk
frnk. nrbh ;t/o N'J/ ftu w{zj Gko fvfrnk fgnk b'eK B/ n;aow ftu g[ukfJnk. fszB
jcs/ p[yko Bk T[sfonk, p/j';ah ftu nkyh iKdk- ;fsnkBk;, p/Vk roe. Bo;K nkg; ftu
rZbK eodhnK- fJj gkrb j'D eoe/ g/_N eoh iKd/ fe g/_N eoB ;dek gkrb j'fJn??
T[;B{z v/bkeqhe; dk tke :kd nkfJnk- id' w/o/ w{zj ftu dzd Bjh_ ;B, id' w/o/
c/cfVnK ftu ni/ jtk dh nktkikJh ;a[o{ Bjh_ j'Jh ;h, T[d'_ w?_ g/_fNzr bZG bJh ;h. tkB
;'uD bZrk w/oh T[wo phs uZbh, w?B{z ed'_ bZG/rh? T[;B{z ;[B/jk fwfbnk- vkeNo g/o'_ B/
;Zfdnk j?. ubk frnk. ofi;Nov yas nkfJnk ;h. y'fbQnk, EhU dk ;h, uko ;" coKe
;B. J/Bh tZvh oew? ys gfVQnk- fgnko/ tkB, s/oh fJe s;tho uko ;" dh fte rJh,
bkb prhuk, fijVh fgSbh p;zs ftu pDk e/ G/ih ;h. j[D s{z ;ko/ :'og ftu ikJ/_rk. i/
vkeNo nkfrnk d/t/ sK fJBQK g?f;nK ftu'_ fNeN yohd d/ g?fo; nk ikj. s/ok- EhU.
tkB B/ vkeNo ns/ T[;dh gsBh B{z ys gVkQfJnk. y[;a tkg; nk fojk ;h. gsBh
B/ vkeNo B{z g[ZfSnk- eh fJj ;Zu j' ;ed? fe n?B/ g?f;nK dh s;tho fteh j't/? vkeNo
jZ; fgnk- GbhJ/ b'e/ fJ jdk Gok uzr?, fJj B{z mhe eoB? Bk T[jB/. j";bk nciakJh
;jh uhia j[zdh j?.
nrb/ fdB' EhU dh sko nk rJh- y[;aypoh, i'jzBk B/ p/N/ B{z iBw fdsk j?, i' s/ok
Bkw, T[jhQ oZfynk j? ftB;?_N. wK s/ ftB;?_N mhe jB- EhU[. y[;aypoh ;[D e/ g/fNzr
eofdnK nkgD/ nkg B{z fejk- id'_ w/o/ w{zj ftu dzd Bk oj/ s/ c/cfVnK ftu'_ ;kj wZ[e
frnk, w?B[z{ T[d'_ g/_fNzr bZG/rh.
68

;kb pkd T[; B{z gsk bZr frnk fe T[; B{z jo fszB wjhfBnK
pkd d"ok g?_dk j?. j[D id'_ T[; B{z bZSD fd;Dr/, nkg/ gbzx s/ b/N ikJ/rk. T[j d/ydk-
Bo;K pko pko Sksh s/ eok; pDk ojhnK jB, wkbk c/odhnK ofjzdhnK, gzi gzi S/ S/
tkoh gqkoEBk eodhnK, pkJhpb d/ toe/ co'bdhnK ofjzdhnK, gsk Bk brdk wohia gkrb
B/ fe Bo;K.
EhU B{z yas fby e/ dZf;nk fe cbkD/ fdB g?fo; g[Zi ikt/rk. rZvh nkT[D s'_ d'
xzN/ gfjbK EhU ;N/;aB s/ g[i frnk. fgnko Bkb fwb/, xo nkJ/, i'jzBk d/ w'Y/ s/ jZE
oZy e/ fejk- ;[jDh e[Vh bZGh s{z EhU. nzdo ike/ ;[Zsk fgnk pZuk d/y e/ tkB dhnK nZyK
Go nkJhnK. i'jzBk ;wM rJh- tkB T[; wk; dk b'EVk j? fijVk nkgD/ ftu'_ fJe j'o
b'EVk g?dk eoe/ Bjh_ ikJ/rk, fijVk T[; d/ woB fgS'_ fiT[_dk oj/. tkB dh w"s nBzs
j't/rh. i'jzBk B/ ni/ ;Zik ezB Bjh_ d/fynk.pZuk ikr fgnk, tkB B/ u[e fbnk, EhU B/
T[;s'_ tkg; b?_fdnK rodD j/m jZE oZy e/ cVfdnk fejk- fJT[__ cVhd? fBZek pZuk.
tkB jZ; fgnk- poZ;a cVB s'_ fpBk w?B{z e[ZM th cVBk Bjh_ nkT[_dk nkgDk nkgDk
sohek j[zd? fiT[D dk EhU. s{z fiT[_d/ wk; okjh_ ihJ/_rk w?_ ozrK dh i{B ftu fiT[_dk
ojKrk.
nrb/ fdB EhU s/ tkB d/ d';s fwbD nkT[D bZr gJ/.i'jZBk ukj ekch toskT[_dh
ojh. doiDk ebkekoK B/ w/bk bk fdsk. ;G B/ tkB bJh e'Jh Bk e'Jh s[jck fbnKdk.
EhU B/ fJe g?eN tkB d/ jZE cVkfJnk. y'bQ e/ d/fynk- fJj sK ;ko/ T[;/ d/ ys B/.
fJe fJe bkJhB ;zGkbh j'Jh, thj ;kb s'_ b?e/ j[D sZe d/ 700 ys. fco nbwkoh y'_bQh
HHH d; ;kb gfjbK ykD wiad{oK d/ o/yk fusoK s'_ b?e/ j[D se d/ nkyoh ozrhB fuZso
sZe HHH jo yas, jo fuso vke{w?_Nv, sohyK fbyhnK j'JhnK.
nrb/ fdB EhT, gsBh pZu/ ;w/s d[gfjo sZe ub/ rJ/, tkB
fJeZbk ofj frnk. T[;B/ c?;bk ehsk, fJ; xo dhnK ;kohnK ezXK s/ s;thoK bNek
fdnKHHH ekbeqw nB[;ko. T[;B/ xo dh e'Jh EK Bjh_ SZvh. d[gfjo id'_ fsZeVh tkg; nkJh
sK tkB B/ fejk- nZyK pzd eo', s[jkB{z B[wkfJ;a fdykDh j?. nZyK pzd eo bJhnK. dotkik
y'bQ e/ fejk- nZyK y'b'Q, nZyK y[ZbhnK sK tkB dk ijkB fb;ae fojk ;h. gsh gsBh B/
skVhnK Bkb dkd fdsh sK tkB B/ fejk- EhU, gkgk fejk eod/ ;B, p[okJh ftu'I uzfrnkJh
g?dk Bjh_ j' ;edh. w? _ T[so fdzdk- j'Dh io{oh j?. d/y' d; ;kb gfjbK fi; B{z s[oBk
Bjh_ nkT[_dk ;h, j[D nkek;a ftu T[v foj?. B[wkfJ;a Bjh,_ nkofN;N dk ihtB d/yd/ d/yd/
nr/ tZX/.
i'jZBk B/ vZu ykDk fsnko ehsk, w[Zds pkd tkB B{z xo d/ ykD/ dk ;[nkd
nkfJnk. EhU B/ fejk- fJE/ vkeNo rkS/ wB'ftfrnkBh j?, ezw ftu sK fBg[zB j? jh, T[;
dh wjkos ebkekoK B{z mhe eoB dh j?, fit/_ T[j ejh ikt/ eoh ikJh_. T[j nkg th g/_No
j?, jo ;kb B[wkfJ; bkT[_d?. tkB B/ g[ZfSnk- eh T[;B/ w/oh e'Jh s;tho d/yh? EhU jZ;
fgnk- j'o s?B{z T[jB/ fJE/ g?fo; nkT[D bJh feT[_ fejk? s/oh ;{oiw[yh tkbh g/_fNzr d/yd/
T[;B/ fejk ;h- fJ; s'_ gfjbK nfijk ;{oiw[yh ebk d/ fJfsjk; ftu Bjh_ pfDnK. fJ;
fJeZbh g/_fNzr ;dek tkB nwo j?.
rkS/ sgke Bkb fwfbnk, fejk- bT[, ewkb j' frnk, nkgDk ezw eoB dk ;kwkB
Bkb jh b? nkfJnk tkB. w?_ ;'udk ;h fJE/ g/_fNzr eoB bJh nkyKrk w/o/ xo, gsk Bh
wzB/rk fe BK. EhU B/ ikD dh nkfrnk wzrh s/ fejk- fynkb oZyh_ vkeNo. e'Jh w[;aeb
g/;a nkJ/ sK w?B{z sko d/ d/Dh. w/ok sK nkgDk ih eodk j[zd? w? _ gkrb j' iktK. tkB,
;[D- e'Jh ;akBdko o{j nfijh Bjh_ fi; ftu gkrbgD dk fw;aoD Bk j't/", gs? fe; B/
eoh fJj rZb? no;s{ B/.
- go vkeNo fJ; dh T[wo ni/ 37 ;kb j? e/tb, EhU B/ fejk, n;b ihtB sK Å[o{ j'Dk
j?.
69

- fJe wjhB/ ftu EhU, p; fJe wjhB/ ftu B" po B". ;G s'_ gfjbK w/ok g'oNo/N
pDkJ/rk. tkB B/ fejk- Bjh_ j[D/ Bjh_. ni/ w?_ s[jkB{z ikDdk Bjh_. fuso T[j j[zd? fijVk
;ay;a d/ r[D n"rD fdykt/, e/tb b?D Be;a Bjh_.
e[M fdBk pkd vkeNo dk fuso pDB bZrk. g{ok fdB bZr frnk. ;akw B{z vkeNo
B/ nkgDk fuZso d/fynk, fit/ ;a?dkJh j' frnk j't/ y[;ah Bkb. riap, ewkb, tkjtk, d/o sZe
f;csK eoB fgS'_ fejk- fJj fuso w?B[z{ fwb ikJ/rk? tkB B/ jZ; e/ fejk- j'o fe; B{z
fwb/rk? vkeNo dh y[;ah dk nzs Bjh_ ;h,
-w/o/ e'b Skg/ dh w;ahB j? tkB. fizBhnK woiah s;thoK Skgh ikJh__. X/bk you
Bjh_ j'D fdnKrk.
shik wjhBk nk fojk ;h, tkB d/ d"o/ dk ;wK. fceowzd j' frnk fe T[; ekoB
;ko/ gq/;akB j'Dr/. d{ih p[oh ypo fwbh fe EhU dk pZuk fpwko j' frnk, tkB T[; dh
ypo tk;s/ frnk. pZu/ Bkb'_ EhU tXhe ewia'o bZfrnk.
- s?B{z eh j' frnk EhU?
- EhT B/ fejk- fJe sK pZu/ dk fceo, d{ik ezgBh B/ w?B[z{ fej? w/ok ezw ;jh Bjh_,
xkN/ ftu ik foj?, w?B{z fe;/ fdB th B"eoh s' itkp fwb ;ed?. w? _ Bt/_ ebkekoK
dhnK s;thoK yohdh frnk Bk, ezgBh dk B[e;kB j'fJnk, T[j ftedhnK Bjh_.
- i/ B"eoh s'_ itkp fwb frnk, c/o nkgDh d[ekB y'b/_Qrk?
- fet/_ fe; Bkb y'bQKrk, w/o/ e'b g?;/ feE/ B/?
- s{z w/o/ T[s/ n?t/_ g?;/ o'VQ/ EhU.
- fJj' fijhnK rZbK eoe/ w/ok fdb Bk d[yk tkB. j'o rZb eo.w?B{z gsBh ns/ pZu/
dk fceo tXhe j?.
e[M fdB Gok e'b ofj e/ tkg; vkeNo e'b ubk frnk, fuzsk rq;s, i/ EhU B{z itkp
fwb frnk, c/o Ghy wzrKr/? GoikJh s/ pZuk? T[j j'Nb ftu ike/ p?m frnk. e[M ykD
ghD bJh g?;/ Bjh_ ;B, EhU s'_ wzrD dh ;fEsh Bjh_ ;h, g/_N ns/ e?Bt; fet/_ yohd/rk?
d"ok g?D ftu th fdB E'VQ/ jB. go ub', i' g/_N eoB bJh Bt? nfj;k; g?dk j'D/ th sK
pzd j' rJ/ B/. e[dos ukj[zdh j? fJj ekoykBk j[D pzd j't/.
i[bkJh d/ nZX ftu rowh j' rJh, pZuk ni/ fpwko ;h, EhU ;zeN rq;s, sK th
gzikj coKe G/i fds/. ;akfJd nkyoh gzikj j't/, tkB B/ ;'funk. Bdh d/ feBko/ feBko/ jo/
xkj T[go s[ofdnK y/sK tZb ubk frnk, fco tkg; nke/ vkeNo r?;a/ e'b ykDk ykXk,
ykXk sK oZi e/ go ;[nkd fej' fijk ;h, gsk Bk bZrk. vkeNo, tkB dhnK feosK dh
f;cas eoB' jfNnk Bk sK tkB B/ fejk- fJj fe;/ j'o d/ jZE ;B, w/o/ s'_ sK d;ys mhe
Bjh_ eo j[zd/. ;'uD bZrk, coia eo' EhU jh dh B"eoh ekfJw oj/, coi eo' w?B{z v/Y ;"
wjhBk fwbdk oj/, fco w?_ ihth iktK? j[D eoB tkbk ezw Bjh_ fojk sK gkrbykB/ ftu
nZvhnK orVh ikD dk eh wsbp? fJj th wzB bT[ w?_ fpbe[b mhe j' iktK, sK th w/ok
j[D EhIU d/ g?;/ s/ eh jZe? T[; dh ewkJh j[D fBZe/ ftB;?_N tk;s/ j? w/o/ bJh Bjh_. j[D
w?_ j';a ftu jK, e'Jh c?;bk b?D d/ ;woZE, coia eo' d"ok g?D pkd fdwkr fpbe[b Bekok
j' frnk, fco EhU eh eo/rk? j[D w?_ nkgD/ nkg B{z r'bh wkoB d/ ;woZE jK, nN?e pkd
fdwkr Bekok j' frnk fco sK fJj ezw th jZE'I fBeb frnk ;wM'. j'o sK fe;/ B/ fJj
ezw eoBk Bjh_.
;kwkB b?e/ g/_fNzr bJh y/s tZb fBeb frnk, ni/ poZ;a u[Zfenk
jh ;h fe ektK dh vko fJod frod uZeo bkT[D bZrh, fit/_ fi;w B'u B?Dr/ HHH T[;B/
cNk cN fJj' eK g/_N eo fdZs/, j/mK fby fdZsk- gZeh c;b T[go eK . nkyoh g/fNzr.
ihtB ftu fwb/ ;ko/ pzd/ fJe fJe eoe/ :kd nkJ/ HHH j[D ;kfonK B{z nbftdk eohJ/ HHH
jK ftdk sK j'Jhdk j[zd?, ftdkfJrh g/_N Bjh_ ehsh iKdh, fotkbto dh Bkbh tZyh s/ oZy e/
x"Vk dZp fdsk, fvr fgnk. e[M d/o pkd ;zGfbnk, T[m yb'sk, ;fji/ ;fji/, fiE/ mfjfonk
j'fJnk ;h, T[; j'Nb sZe g[Zi frnk, bj{ b[jkD. j'Nb tkfbnK s[os fp;so/ s/ fbNk e/
70

vkeNo rk;a/ B{z p[bk fbnKdk. ekjbh ekjbh fBohyD eoe/ vkeNo p?m frnk.g[ZfSnk- dod
fezBk e[ j? ? - e'Jh dod Bjh_, tkB B/ fejk- f;rko ;[brk e/ d/ d/j. vkeNo B/ fejktkB
nZi ezgBh dk dcso pzd j?, EhU d/ xo dk n?vo?; fbyk.
- Bjh_, nZi T[jB{z S[ZNh wBkT[D d/j. S/ fdB ikB wko e/ ezw eoB tkb/ B{z fJe
fdB th u?B Bk fwb/? nZi Bh dZ;Dk.
nrb/ fdB dcso ftu EhU B{z sko fwbh, rZvh ufVQnk s/ g[Zi frnk.
- nk frnk EhU? tkB B/ fejk. EhU B/ pZu/ tKr tkB B{z iZch ftu x[ZN fbnk. p'b
Bk ;fenk. vkeNo nkfJnk sK EhU T[; B{z pkjo b? frnk, BKj ftu f;o fjbKfdnK
fejk- r'bh nzdo gJh j?. J/Bk y{B tr u[e? fe nkgq/;aB Bjh_ j' ;edk. p; ezw ysw.
J/Bk tvk iayw, fJj s[o e/ fJE/ fet/_ gj[zu frnk HHH fit/_ c"bkd dk pfDnk j't/. ;kok
fdB EhU wzi/ bkr/ p?mk fojk.
tkB B/ fejk- fgzv dk xokN :kd j? EhU? nkgK T[E/ y/fvnk
eod/. T[uhnK bzwhnK c;bK gko eoB t/b/ s{z w/oh pKj cV e/ s[odk, fes/ r[nku Jh Bk
iktK. j;gskb ftu pugB ns/ fgzv :kd nkT[_dk fojk. o;'Jh fgSb/ prhu/ ftu y/fvnk
eod/ nkgK.
- pj[s d/o j' rJh T[BQK rZbK B{z tkB. j?Bk ?
- jK HH bzwk ihtB gzX. nkgDk fynkb oZyh_. i' ns/ fBeV/ dk
fynkb oZyh_. fgzv ftu fojkfJ;a eo, T[E/ pZuk mhe tX/ c[ Zb/rk. r{gb ezgBh dk yfjVk
SZv, eh fdZsk T[BQK s?B{z, eh SZfvn? T[BQK s/o/ ftu?
- tkB w?_ j[D nkgDh r?boh ;Ekgs eoKrk. gfjbh r?boh s/o/ fuZsoK dh j'J/rh.
p?Bo bktKrk L ftB;?_N tkB rkr dh ;zg{oB ;wZroh.
- mhe j?, EhU ihtB nkoN d/ b/y/ bZrk, w/ok wB'oE g{ok j'fJnk.
nrbh ;t/o gk;k b?_fdnK fejk j[D w?_ ikDk j? EhU. nZyK pzd eo bJhnK. id'_
nkyoh ;kj fbnk T[d'_ EhU B/ T[;dk jZE cfVnk j'fJnk ;h.o{;', r'ohU sKrh, nkoh, J/whb
g?fo; s'_ fJE/ j'Nb ftu g[Zi rJ/. j'Nb fJe fdB bJh pzd eo fdZsk. ekb/ ozr dh pZxh
nZr/ d' ekb/ x'V/ i[V/ j'J/. jkiao ebkeko nkg; ftu BiaoK Bk fwbk ;e/. gkdoh B{z
p[bkT[Dk G[Zb rJ/. e'utkB dotki/ nzdo nkfJnk, fejk- ub' ih j[D. skp{s u[eD t/b/
vkeNo s'_ fJbktk e'Jh Bk p'b ;fenk. vkeNo B/ fejk- tkB fes/ Bjh_ frnk. T[dk; Bk
j't', T[j jw/;a oj/rk fJE/. T[; dk fgnko, T[; dh f;oiDk, T[; dh ;[zdosk jw/;a ijkB
B{z ;o;ako eodh oj/rh. T[j ft;akb gops ;h. nkoN dk wjkB ;ajhd.
EhU B/ ;a[eokB/ ti'_ p'bDk ukfjnk HHH w?_ HHHHw?_HHHH, p'b Bk fBeb/.
pe; u[e e/ rZvh ftu ;fji/ fNek fdsk. fgzv d/ epo;skB ftu g[Zi rJ/. S/ ifDnK B/
noEh u[Zeh, EhU fgS/ fgS/ s[fonk. noEh j/mK T[sko e/ fwZNh gkJh. tkg;h tes EhU B/
fco e[M efjDk ukfjnk, go Bjh_.
e[M fdBk pkd vkeNo rkS/ epo d/ nkb/ d[nkb/ ;{oiw[yh d/ ph phi nkfJnk.
EhU ykw';a ofjzdk. S/ wjhfBnK pkd EhU dh w"s j' rJh. g?fo; d/ epfo;skB ftu
fbikD dhnK fsnkohnK j' ojhnK ;B. Xotk; tk;s/ i'jzBk B/ pkJhpb y'bQh, ;?w[nb dh
gzesh gVQh, fbfynk ;h- w"s th T[BQK B{z fBy/V Bk ;eh. gVQ e/ fejk- g?fo; ftu Bjh_,
tkB dh epo bkr/. d't/_ Gok fJeZm/ ;"D.
Ut/o fgzv dh iawhB T[go id'_ X[Zg SKN/ wkodh j?, T[d'_ EhU, tkB Gok d/
;{oiw[yhnK dh SK j/m nkokw eodk j?.
71

3 - ekcek dh gsBh d'ok
(i' ;zGt j?, tkgoe/ oj/rk :ehBB,
i' tkgfonk, T[jh ;zGt ;h- ekcek)
fszB i{B 1924 nZXh oks, ekcek, ;?B/N'ohnw ftu ;[Zsk fgnk ;h. d'ok bkr/ p?mh
T[;B{z d/y ojh ;h, fsZyk BZe, v{zxhnK nZyK, bzwk eZd, fit/I r'o/ ozr dk e'Jh fjzd[;skBh
j't/. gfjbh tko d/yD tes d'ok B{z T[j fjzd[;skBh jh bZfrnk ;h. ;kjwD/ fyVeh y[ZbQh
;h fi; ftu'I sk}h jtk nzdo nk ojh ;h, Sksh j"bh j"bh j/m T[go T[m p?m ojh ;h.
j[D T[j fBozso w"s tZb tX fojk ;h go d'ok pf}d ;h fe T[j T[;B{z w"s d/ gzi/ ftu'I
S[vk bJ/rh. fJ; :j{dh e[Vh B/ pugB ftu fJzihb dhnK ;kyhnK ;[DhnK s/ gVQhnK ;B
fiBQK ftZu eokwksK jh eokwksK ;B. fJE/ th eokwks j'J/rh s/ ekcek szdo[;s j' e/ xo
ikJ/rk. fBeh fijh x[ZN nzdo bzxkfdnK pj[s dod j[zdk ;h, sK th ekcek dh fJZSk ;h
fiT{Idk ojK. T[; B{z ;kj n"yk n"D bZrk sK d'ok B/ T[;d/ wZE/ s/ jZE oZy e/ fejk, **i/ s{z
Bk pfunk w?I y[de[Fh eo btKrh coK}.** wk;{w pb?ew/b. ekcek wo frnk. d'ok d/o sZe
fiT{Idh ojh. frnkoK wjhB/ gfjbK id'I T[j ekcek B{z fwbh, T[;/ fdB T[; nzdo fJe ;[cB/
B/ iBw fbnk ;h fe fJeZm/ cb;shB iktKr/.
13 i[bkJh 1923 B{z rowhnK dhnK S[ZNhnK fpskT[D tk;s/ pkbfNZe ;kro feBko/ e?Ig
dh o;'Jh ftu wZShnK ;kc eo ojh ;h. fdB ftu gsb/ bzw/ eZd dk fJe pzdk T[;B/ d'
pZfunK Bkb y/vdk d/fynk ;h. y[d fJj e[Vh dofwnkB/ eZd s/ dofwnkBh fdZy tkbh ;h.
v{zxhnK ekbhnK nZyK, id'I w[;eqkT[Idh, w'Bkfb}k torh T[dk;h T[d'I th T[;d/ fujo/ T[go
fNeh j[zdh. nkgDh fJj Feb T[;B{z y[d th uzrh bZrdh ;h feT[Ife pj[shnK c'N'nK ftu
fJj' T[dk; w[;eDh j?. fJj :shw ofcT{ih pZfunK dk e?Ig ;h fijV/ d{ih ;z;ko izr ftu
T[iV rJ/ ;B. n?stko dk fdB j'D eoe/ tZvk ykDk fsnko eoBk ;h. T[j ygo/ Bkb
wZShnK d/ f;o XV s'I tZy eoB bZrh. fgS'eV g'b?Iv dk ;h go d;thI gk; fJ; e[Vh B/
fJFfsjko gVQ/ fiBQK okjhI nBkE :j{dh pZfunK dh d/y Gkb tk;s/ tkbzNhnoK dh wzr ehsh
;h. fJj e[Vh y[d ftseo/ ns/ Bcos dk }kfJek uZy u[Zeh ;h fJ; eoe/ fpBK gfotko B{z
dZf;nK gZ[fSnK, e?Ig ftu nk rJh. pZu/ fJjB{z J/; eoe/ fgnko eod/ ;B feT[Ife fJ;
fizBhnK ejkDhnK fe;/ B{z BjhI nkT[IdhnK ;B.
g[okDh pkJhpb dhnK ;kyhnK ;[DkT[Idh ;[DkT[Idh T[j :?o'Fbw gj[zu iKdh, fejk
eodh- r?bhbh d/ y/s, e?BkB d/;, tv/fonK dh gftso Xosh. ;[fDn? o/fr;skB j?, sK eh,
n;hI pkr bktKr/, ;kv/ pZu/, fco pZfunK d/ pZu/ T[E/ p/y"c y/fvnk eoBr/.
G?D GoktK ftu'I tZvh d'ok ;h, wK dh w"s j'Jh sK pZfunK dh gfotoF dk Gko d'ok
B/ Y'fJnk. efmB ezw sK ;h go fJ; Bkb T[; nzdo wwsk d/ nzF pbtkB j' rJ/, T[;B{z
f}zw/tkoh ;zGkbDh pugB ftu nk rJh. :j{dh fgsk jm-Xowh ;h. e[VhnK dh gVQkJh d/
fybkc, Xow rqzEK dk gkm sK fpbe[b
BjhI. fejk eodk- g?rzpoK dhnK rZbK dk fBnkfDnK Bkb eh tk;sk< gfjbh gsBh dh w"s
s'II d; ;kb pkd T[;B/ d{ik ftnkj eotk fbnk sd d'ok i[nkB j' u[eh ;h. fgsk B/
nkfrnk BjhI d/Dh ;h, fpBK dZ;/ fJ; e?Ig ftu nk rJh. E'Vk e[ fuo fEJ/No ftu th ezw
ehsk. T[;B/ gozgok s'I jN e/ BtK :'oghnB ihtB pshs eoB dk c?;bk ehsk, y[d
ewkJ/rh, ykJ/rh, nkgD/ c?;b/ nkg eo/rh. g'b?Iv SZv e/ iowBh nk rJh, fejk eodh ;h
- d';s't;eh d/ Bktb dk e'Jh nkw fijk gkso nZyK ftu ;[cB/ ;zi'n e/ fit/I jBQ/o/ o;s/
tZb s[o g?Idk j?, w?I fJ; soQK s[oh nBikD okjK T[go. fgsk B/ w'VB dk :sB ehsk,
ftnoE. fgsk nB[;ko ebze bk rJh.
wZShnK d/ N[eV/ eofdnK fco T[;dk fynkb ;kro ezY/ pZfunK Bkb y/vd/ bzw
;bzw/ i[nkB tZb ubk frnk. e?Ig ftu n?bkB j'fJnk ;h fe nZi gokr dk vkH ekcek Bkw
dk b/ye nkJ/rk. ewo/ ftu p{j/ EkDh nkT[Idh o"FBh wZXw gJh sK T[;B/ d/fynk dotk}/
72

T[go T[jh bzwk pzdk yb'sk ;h, f;o osk e[ N/Yk. eZbQ Bkb'I osk e[ tXhe bzwk, S/ c[ZN s'I
tXhe. T[;B/ o;'Jh nzdo edw oZfynk sK d'ok d/ fdb nzdo e[M xpokjN j'Jh. T[;dh
B}o fe;/ ikd{ro torh ;h. pzd/ B/ fejk - Bk}[e jZEK B[z fejk y{Bh ezw eoBk g? frnk.
f;o Bhtk eoe/ nkgD/ N'g B{z jZE Bkb S[j e/ ;bkw ehsk. fco ubk frnk.
Fkw d/ ykD/ t/b/ ;ko/ pZu/ p?IuK s/ ykw'F p?m/ ;B sK d'ok B/ d/fynk T[jh niBph
e[M rZbK eoB nkfJnk j?. fJj j? gokr s'I vkH ekcek. B}dhe j'Nb ftu ofjzdk j?.
e?Ig d/ o;s/ dk gsk BjhI ;h fJ; bJh Nfjbdk Nfjbdk o;'Jh tZb bzx frnk ;h. eZbQ
id'I d'ok B/ fJ; B{z d/fynk ;h sK fJe w[ zvk fJe e[Vh fJ; Bkb y/v oj/ ;B s/ fJe
n"os bkr/ yb'sh ;h. d'ok B/ ;wfMnk fJj fJ; dk gfotko j?. go nZi fJj fJeZbk feT[I
nkfJnk j? jkb ftu< pkd ftu gsk bZrk fe j'Nb ftu T[j nkgDh G?D ns/ GkDih Bkb
ofj fojk j?, ni/ ftnkfjnk j'fJnk BjhI. fJj ypo ;[D e/ d'ok B{z y[Fh j'Jh. gqkoEBk, eh
gsk ;[Dh ikt/. fJj sK gfjb/ fdB wZShnK tkbh fNZgDh s'I ikD rJh fe T[j wk;kjkoh
BjhI, T[; B{z gsk bZrdk frnk ekcek B/ tekbs ftu vkeNo/N dh fvroh b? e/ phwk
ezgBh ftu nc;o dh B"eoh F[o{ eo fdZsh j? s/ b/ye ti'I nkgDh ;ky pDk u[Zek j?.
jkb ftu dkyb j'fJnk sK ;ko/ pZu/ T[s;[esk Bkb T[; tZb d/yD bZr/. gzi ;kb
dk fJe pZuk yb' e/ e[M efjD jh bZrk ;h fe bZsK ezphnK, fvZr fgnk, ;kok jkb jZ;D
bZrk. wz[v/ dh fyZbh T[Zv rJh. ekcek T[; d/ B/V/ frnk. fgnko Bkb rZbQK Eg-EgKfdnK
fejk - :ko s{z fezB/ nokw Bkb fvfrnk s/ fezBh FkB Bkb nkg/ fco yVk j' frnk, ewkb
n?I s{z. ;kfonK B/ skVhnK ns/ febekohnK Bkb pZu/ B{z dkd fdZsh sK T[j th jZ';D bZr
frnk. d'ok fJ; xNBk B{z edh BjhI G[Zbh. ekcek dh w"s d/ gZuh ;kb pkd T[;B/ fJj
xNBk d[jokT[IfdnK fejk ;h - ekcek fJzBk FeshFkbh ;h fe T[; ;dek ;z;ko pu ;e/,
nkg T[;B/ BjhI puDk ;h.
pZfunK d/ ;?FB s'I pkd d'ok T[; Bkb rZbhI bZr rJh. T[j y[F j'Jh fe ekcek B{z
fjpo{ BjhI nkT[Idh, f;ZyD dk fJS[Ze j?. d'ok B{z fjpo{ nkT[Idh ;h, ekcek B/ fejk - gVQ
e/ ;[Dk. d'ok ;[DkJh rJh. Bkb/ dZf;nk fe fgsk ih GoKtK B{z fjpo{ gVQkfJnk eod/ ;B,
w?I XZe/ Bkb p?m iKdh, fgsk dh vKN cNeko dh gotkj BjhI. fgsk fejk eodk ;h -
rztkoK, p}koK s/ pZfunK tk;s/ fJj p'bh BjhI pDh, e[VhnK dk fJ; Bkb eh wsbp<
:j{dhnK dh g[Bo ikroD bfjo fiT{fB}w, f;zx ;Gk torh ;h i' e[VhnK B{z fjpo{ f;ZyD
bJh T[sFkfjs eod/ ;B. fgsk fJ;/ ekoB ;dek f}UfB;NK B{z g;zd BjhI eodk ;h. d'ok
B/ prkts eoe/ fjpo{ ;e{b ftu dkybk fbnk s/ fJj ;BksBh }pkB f;Zyh. e?Ig jkb d/
fJe e'B/ ftu p?m e/ d'ok B/ g?rzpo Jh;kJhnkj dh g'Eh y'bQh s/ gVQBh F[o{ eo fdZsh.
ekcek dhnK nZyK ftu fbFe, j'mK T[go w[;ekB BZuh. c/o d'ok B/ feskp pzd eoe/ fejk
- feskp sK w?I n?t/I y'bQ bJh ;h, fJj ;ko/ p'b sK w?B{z :kd B/, fJj efje/ T[;B/ feskp
pzd eo fdZsh s/ gVQ/ j'J/ gqtuB }pkBh ;[Dk fdZs/. ekcek B/ Gog{o dkd fdZsh, fejk -
bZfrnk fJj p'b fe;/ j'o d[BhnK ftu'I nkJ/ s/ ;[D/.
ekcek B/ fJE'I nkgD/ fJe ys ftu fbfynk, **doZysK ftu'I gob/ gko fBZe/ pZu/
y/vd/ fd; oj/ jB. y[F, f;jswzd, T[sFkfjs g{oph :{og d/ fJBQK :j{dh :shw pZfunK B{z
gZSwh :{og d/ :j{dh, pofbB dh wko s'I pukT[Dk ukj[zd/ B/. ;kok fdB s/ nZXh oks sZe,
fJBQK d/ jkf;nK ns/ rhsK Bkb r{zidk ofjzdk j? izrb ns/ ;w[zdo dk feBkok. fJj
dkntk sK w?I BjhI eodk fe w?I y[F jK. brdk j? w?I y[Fh dh dfjbh} T[s/ g[Zi frnk jK.
nZi ihtB ftu gfjbh tko nkgDh wBwo}h Bkb, y[Fh Bkb, w?I tZvk gftZso fdB ;?pE
wBktKrk.** fJ; e?Ig ftu ;jkfJsk eoB tk;s/ T[; B/ eJhnK B{z ys fby/ fejk- fJBQK
pZfunK dk Gbk pkd ftu j't/rk, s[jkvk Gbk s[ozs j' ikJ/rk.** g{oh sBd/jh Bkb e?Ig dh
;/tk ftu wrB d'ok uzrh bZrh.
ekcek B/ fjpo{ f;ZyD dk eJh tko :sB ehsk go ;cb Bk j'fJnk. d'ok fJj
p'bh fJT[I p'bdh fit/I T[;dh wks GkFk j't/. T[j gqtuB ;[DkT[Idh, ;kyhnK ;[DkT[Idh fJT[I
bZrdh fit/I e'Jh J/FhnB ;kX{ sg'pD ftu j}ko ;kb g[okD/ :[ Zr ftu b? frnk j't/. d'ok
73

ftu'I :j{dh dkdhnK BkBhnK fdykJh fdzdhnK. ndG[s o;wJh wkj"b dh f;oiDk j[zdh. T[j
;'udk ofjzdk - w/o/ Bkb'I nZXh T[wo S'Nh fJj e[Vh fezBh n;kBh Bkb wkBf;e s/ Gkt[e
;zrb s'V fdzdh j?, fJj T[j ezw eo ojh j? i' w/o/ s'I Bk j'J/, Bk j'Dr/. nokw Bkb
fJ; e[Vh B/ fgsk fto[ZX prkts eo fdZsh, w/o/ nzdo nfijk j";bk edh BjhI pD ;fenk.
T[;B/ fejk, **d'ok, pugB ftu fgsk B/ w/o/ fybkc :[ ZX eoe/ w?B[z jok fdZsk. w?I oDG{wh
ftu'I j[D sZe pkjo BjhI fBefbnk. fBozso jkodk nk fojk jK.** jo o'} E'Vk pj[s ;wK
fJeZfmnK fpskT[Id/. T[wo d/ nyho ftu d'ok B/ vkfJoh ftu fbfynk, **w/o/ Bkb nkb{ fSZb
fojk j?, u[ZbQ/ d/ bkr/ p?mk j?, izrb d/ p?Iu T[go w/o/ bkr/ rZbK eo fojk T[j fdZ;dk
ofjzdk j?**. ekcek B/ nkgD/ fJe ys ftu fbfynk, **d'ok w/o/ Bkb ;h. n;hI E'Vh d/o
fjpo{ gVQh. d/o pkd fJZe fBZxh Fkw fpskJh. d/o sZe fJ; dk fBZx w?B{z ;[y fdzdk oj/rk.
god/; ftu fJT[I ofj ojh j? fit/I T[;dk g[Fs?Bh xo j't/. ;kv/ d'jK ftu tZvk coe j?.
T[j fEo j? w?I n;fEo.
d'ok dZ;dh j?- xzfNnK pZXh n;hI fJeZm/ p?m/ rZbK eod/. T[j pj[s ;tkb g[ZSdk.
T[;B{z g[ZSD dk sohek nkT[Idk ;h. T[j pZfunK tKr ;tkb eoh iKdk. w?I T[so d/Jh iKdh.
T[bN j'Dk ukjhdk ;h. T[;d/ w[ekpb/ w?I nBgVQ e[Vh. ukjhdk sK fJj ;h, w?I ;tkb
g[ZSdh. T[j d'tk ezBK Bkb T[zso ;[fDnk eodk ;h s/ w/o/ tZb'I fds/ itkp T[;B{z FkfJd
mhe bZrd/ j'Dr/. g[oksB fJzihb dhnK ejkDhnK sK T[j pko pko ;[Dh iKdk. :j{dh b'eejkDhnK
;[DkT[Idh sK T[;B{z ;fizd gkso ;kjwD/ fdykJh d/D bZrd/.
ekcek B{z T[;dh szdo[;s ;yFhns, fJe dw d/;h, f;ZXh ;gkN, pr?o tb ftzr d/,
e'Jh fdyktk BjhI pDktN BjhI, gqkuhB e[dos fit/I e[Vh d/ fbpk; ftu y/vD nk ikJ/. d'ok
dk gqGkt fJj ;h, **ekcek xfVnk sokfFnk j'fJnk, gkfbF ehsk j'fJnk pohe ;[Gkn tkbk
pzdk ;h, j;w[y, E'Vk e[ Fowkeb, s[jkE'I ;G e[M g[ZSh ikJ/rk, nkgD/ pko/ w{zj BjhI y'bQdk.
ikDB dh T[; torh fgnk; fe;/ ftu BjhI d/yh. T[; s'I T[; pko/ e[M g[ZS' sK fJZXo T[Xo
d/yD bZr iKd?, fit/I vo frnk j't/, rZb j'o g[ZSh ;h itkp e'Jh j'o fwb frnk. T[;
Bkb rZbK eoB tkbk pzdk ;fji/ ;fji/ rZb eoB tk;s/ y[d wip{o j' iKdk, ekcek
fejVk fe;/ B{z e'Jh jdkfJs fdzdk ;h. yVke Bk j't/, fit/I e'Jh gZpK Gko s[odk s[odk
bzx/, fit/I whbK sZe wywb dk ekbhB ftfSnk j't/, j"bh j"bh Bzr/ g?ohI s[ohJ/.
d'ok fJ; eoe/ iowBh ftu rJh ;h feT[Ife T[;B{z gqGkt fwfbnk ;h fe iowB
b'e w}p{s fJokd/, fEo Fy;hns tkb/ pzd/ jB go ibd T[;B{z gsk bZr frnk fJj T[;dk
Gow ;h. T[j }o{oh uh} fi; ;dek nkdwh B{z nkdwh fejk iKdk j?, r?ojk}o ;h. T[;B/
d/fynk, **ekcek ftu pj[s e[M ehwsh ;h go T[j fJ; B{z B}onzdk} eoe/ nfpBkFh dh
sbkF ftu x[zw fojk ;h. id'I T[j s[jkB{z ;[D fojk j[zd?, wZs ;'u' T[;B{z fJ;dk gfjbK gsk
BjhI ;h, T[; dk noE fJj ;h fe id'I T[j fe;/ dh rZb ;[Ddk j?, T[d'I T[j pkjob/ irs
Bkb jZE fwbkT[Idk j?, T[d'I T[;B{z brdk j? fe T[j th fiT[Idk j?, w?I T[;B{z uzrh bZrdh ;K
feT[Ife T[; B{z wfj;{; j[zdk ;h fit/I T[;B{z rkok fwb frnk j't/ s/ T[j T[; ftu'I wBukjh
w{os xV/rk. T[j ;zg{oB ;h, w?I }ho'.
d'ok B/ fbfynk- gZSwh :'og d/ b'e ;kB{z g{ophnK B{z ikjb ;wMd/ B/. w?I th fJ;/
fynkb Bkb rJh ;h fe w?B{z neb nk ikJ/rh. w?I d/fynk T[j sK EZe/ N[ZN/ nX/ nX{o/
bkuko pzd/ B/, id'I tZvh w[;hps ftu fxo iKd/ B/, fit/I ;z;ko izr ftu, T[d'I T[BQK B{z
brd? fe g{op T[BQK B{z puk bJ/rk. w?I gZSw ftu o"FBh dh sbkF ftu rJh ;K, T[E/ d/
jB/Qo yks/ ftu'I w?B{z e[M BjhI fdf;nk, ;r'I w?B{z nfj;k; j'fJnk, fJBQK bkuko b'eK B{z d/D
tk;s/ w/o/ e'b pj[s e[M j?. gZSw ftu fbyD p'bD dh g{oB nk}kdh j? go T[BQK e'b
efjD tk;s/ e[M j't/ sK ;jh. n;hI g{oph b'e xZN p'bd/ jK go ;kB{z eosko ns/ T[;dh
ouBk ftu Go';k j?, fJ; Go';/ ;dek ;z;ko ;[jDk brdk j?. w/o/ ;kjwD/ gZSw dk
fpjsohB fdwkr ekcek j?, fJj th wzrs/ tKr w/o/ nZr/ fGZfynk gkso eo fdzdk j?, w?I
fJ; ftu g?rzpoK dh pkDh, fJzihb dh ;kyh gk fdzdh jK, w/o/ e'b j'o eh j? fJ; B{z d/D
tk;s/< fJj ;zs[FN j' iKdk j?.
74

gzi ;kb s'I T[j sgfde s'I ghfVs ;h. pkbfNe ;kro ezY/ T[j okih j'D tk;s/
BjhI, fJj goy eoB tk;s/ nkfJnk ;h fe T[j cb;shB sZe dh :ksok eoB d/ ekpb j?
fe BjhI. fJe ;kb s'I sk T[j wzi/ s/ fgnk ;h. fjT[r' porwkB, fjpo{ :{Bhtof;Nh
:/o'Fbw ftu gq'c?;o ;h, T[;dh gsBh B/ ekcek B{z ys okjhI ;ZdfdnK fejk ;h fe ;kv/
xo ftu ojhI, fJE'I d/ wko{Eb dh row jtk y[Fe j?, T[j s/o/ fJbki bJh ;jkJh j't/rh.
T[j wzB frnk, T[; B{z bZrk T[j ok}h j' ikJ/rk, fco :j{dh Xow ftu nkgDhnK iVK
bZG/rk, T[BQK b'eK ftu Fkwb j't/rk fijV/ cb;shB ftu :j{dh e"w dk xo T[;koBr/.
T[;B/ fby fdZsk fe nes{po 1923 ftu nktKrk. d'ok Bkb cb;shB ikD dk gq'rokw s?n
j't/rk.
S[ZNhnK w[ Ze rJhnK, T[j tkg; gokr BjhI ;h ikDk ukj[zdk. T[j sK d; ;kb
gfjbK, shj ;kb dh T[wo ftu iowBh ftu t;D dk fJS[Ze ;h, fpwko j'D eoe/
fJeZfbnK ikD dh fjzws BjhI ;h, d';sK B{z wBkfJnk, e'Jh Bk wzfBnK sK nkyo e[M fdBK
tk;s/ nkgDh G?D B{z Bkb b? e/ nk frnk. j[D d'ok fwb rJh. d'ok B/ nekdwh nkc
fjpo{ ;NZvh} ftu dkybk b? fbnk ;h. ekcek dh fJZSk j'Jh fe T[j th dkyb j't/rk.
d'ok B/ dZ; fdZsk ;h fe w[cs cb?N dk pzd'p;s T[j eo dJ/rh. fco sK mhe j' frnk
;G. T[j fJeZbk BjhI j'J/rk. id'I fJj nfj;k; j'fJnk fe N[Ndh iKdh ;kjK dh v'o fco
rzYh ik ;edh j? sK fJBeko fe; tk;s/< fJe d{i/ B{z ikDB d/ fszB jcs/ phs rJ/.
c?;bk j' frnk fe j[D pofbB fojk eoKr/. gfjbK d'ok fe;/ wod Bkb edh BjhI ojh
;h. T[;B{z nuzGk brdk ;h, fpBk ftnkj d/ wod n"os fJeZm/ ojh iKd/, e'Jh fJsok} Bk
eodk. i/ fes/ d'ok d/ Bro ftu fJ; rZb dk gsk bZr iKdk, T[;d/ wkfgnK dh fJZ}s
y/j j' ikDh ;h.
ekcek dh fJZSk ;h ftnkj eo/, fgsk pD/ go S/ ;kb gfjbK sgfde dk gsk bZr
frnk ;h, bkfJbki, ;}kfJ w"s, e"D nkgDh Xh B{z itkB ftXtk j'D dh nkfrnk d/t/rk<
fbydk j?, **id'I ypo ;[Dh fe GkDih dk iBw j'fJnk j?, w?B{z r[Z;k nk frnk, Jhoyk j'Jh,
rZb e'Jh BjhI j'o, p; fJe nksw frbkBh fe w?I nkgD/ pZu/ dk w{zj BjhI d/y ;eKrk.**
d'ok, f;jswzd, fdqVQftFtk;h s/ fgnkoh e[Vh B{z d/ye/ T[; nzdo fJe tko fco nkswftFtk;
ikfrnk. fwb/Bk B{z ys ftu fbfynk, **nkgDh tZvh G?D Bkb gokr s'I pkbfNe
frnk. pzd ewo/ s'I yfjVk S[fNnk. T[E/ ;pZp fJT[I pfDnk fe nes{po ftu cb;shB
iktKrk. w?I wzik BjhI SZv ;edk go fijVk woh} wzi/ dk w[Eki j? T[; T[go fJj gkpzdh
sK BjhI bZrDh ukjhdh fe cb;shB ikD dk ;[cBk th Bk bt/. d'ok cb;shB ikD dh
fJS[e j?, efjzdh j? ok}h j' ikj ibdh. T[j szdo[;s j?. szdo[;sK B{z jh jZe j? ;[cB/
b?D.**
jkoB nko"B dkfJwzs fgsk ns/ cohdk dkfJwzs wK d/ xo d'oik dkfJwzs dk iBw
4 wkou 1898 BPz j'fJnk. d'oik Fpd B{z p'bD t/b/ d'ok fejk frnk s/ fJjh Bkw gqufbs
j'fJnk. g'b?Iv dk fJj bc} dkfJwzs, fijVk T[BQK dk ykBdkBh Bkw j? nzro/}h ftu
vkfJwzv (jhok) j?. id'I T[j gfjbh tkoh ekcek B{z fwbh T[d'I T[;dh T[wo 25 ;kb ;h.
;oho dh pDso nfijh ;h fe T[j S'Nh bZrdh ;h, rbsh yk e/ b/ye po'd B/ T[;B{z
T[Bh ;kb dh fby fdZsk. d'ok fJj rbsh feT[I do[;s eodh< T[;B{z fJj' mhe bZrk. d'ok
d/ tZv/ Gok dk Bkw dkT{d ;h s/ S'fNnK dk Bkw :ke{p, fJpokjhw s/ noi. noi dk
iBw 1905 ftu j'fJnk s/ T[;d/ iBw tes wK dh w"s j'Jh jkbKfe T[;dh w"s dk
foekov fes/ BjhI fwbdk. fi; epfo;skB ftu dcB j'Jh T[;B{z :j{dhnK fto[ZX dzfrnK
d"okB BFN eo fdZsk frnk ;h.
fgsk B{z g'fbF, iowB, f:ZfdF ns/ fjpo{ }pkBK nkT[IdhnK ;B. nzfwqs t/b/ uko
ti/ T[m e/ w{ zj ftu p[oeh gkT[D s'I gfjbK gkm eodk. b'e T[;dh ;bkj b?D nkT[Id/,
T[;B{z :j{dh wzdo dk w[yh u[D fbnk frnk, dkBh b'e g?;/ iwQK eokT[Id/. T[;d/ xo ukjgkDh
dk bzro uZbdk jh ofjzdk fiE/ skbw{d rqzE dhnK ;kyhnK dh ftnkfynk j[zdh, ftuko
tNKdo/ j[zd/. pzd/ dh goy T[;dhnK o[uhnK, ftdtsk iK gfjokt/ s'I BjhI, T[;d/ fJybke s'I
75

ehsh iKdh ;h. gftZso fdB (;?pE) ;kok fdB wK ykD uh}K pDk pDk pZfunK d/ jZE
N'eohnK cVk e/ rohp p;shnK ftu tzvD bJh G/idh - oZp fe;/ pZu/ B{z G[Zyk Bk oZy/,
nodk; eoh iKdh. fJj gZek Xowh ykBdkB fJZBk jmh ;h fe BthI gozgok dh nkfrnk BjhI
fdzdk ;h. ‘
go nukBe g[Bo-ikroD dhnK bfjoK B/ :'oghB :j{dhnK B{z Mzi'V fdZsk, 1820
ftu :j{dhnK B{z pokpoh d/ nfXeko fwb/ sK T[BQK B{z BtK ijkB fwfbnk. f;nk;s,
cb;ck, T[d:'r, fts, nkoN, ftfrnkB ns/ seBkb'ih ftu :j{dhnK B/ edw oZy/ sK fJBQK
tofis y/soK ftu fJBQK B/ neb dk b'jk wBtkfJnk. pofbB, thnkBk, gokr, p[vkg?;N
ns/ tko;k ftu :j{dh tgko ns/ ;fGnkuko SkbK wkodk nZr/ tfXnk. :j{dh p}[or Bt/I
;e{b, Bt/I fbpk;, Bt/I ;kfjs d/ gZe/ fto'Xh ;B go T[j p/p; j' rJ/. BtK ;fGnkuko
o[eD dk Bkw BjhI b?Idk ;h. fJ; pzd wkj"b ftu d'ok }tkB j'Jh. T[;B/ g[ikohnK s'I
;[fDnK j'fJnk ;h fe oZp dh gqkgsh tk;s/ ftdtkB j'Dk }o{oh BjhI. tos oZyD/, ;fBnk;h
j'Dk }o{oh BjhI, oZp jo tes s[jkv/ Bkb j?. yKdh ghIdh, jZ;dh y/vdh, BZudh rkT[Idh, T[j
oZp d/ Bkb Bkb fojk eodh.
prkts eoe/ d'ok id'I ;?e[bo ;e{b ftu dkyb j' rJh, fgsk d[yh j'fJnk, go
BjhI o[eh sK nZe e/ fejk - ub' mhe j? fco. Boe ftu ikD dk c?;bk eodh j? eo/.
;wK popkd eodh j? eo/, xZN' xZN w[ zv/ efjD/ ftu jB, F[eo j?, skbw{d rqzE dk gkm
eod/ jB.
fJzB/ ftu jzr/ohnB ;bsBs d/ okie[wko coK} covhBzv dk esb j' frnk.
iowBh ns/ o{; ftueko :[ZX dk w?dkB g'b?Iv, e"D wzB/rk fe gfjb/ fJe' wjhB/ d"okB d'tK
gkf;nK d/ gzi gzi bZy pzd/ esb j'J/<
1896 ftu :j{dh dkoFfBe fEUv'o jo}b B/ :j{dh ;N/N Bkw dk g?IcfbN fbfynk
fi; ftu fJ; rZb dh tekbs ehsh rJh fe cb;shB fty/ :j{dhnK dk d/; j't/. jo}b
s'I gfjbK th nfijhnK rZbK j[zdhnK ojhnK ;B go fJ; b/y dhnK dbhbK ns/ ftT[IsK B/
jbub wuk fdZsh. nkgDhnK nodk;K ftu gfjbK th :/o'Fbw :j{dhnK B{z ftZ;fonk BjhI
;h. T[BQk dh fJzihb ftu T[; t/b/ dh gqkoEBk doi j? id'I o'wBk B/ :/o'Fbw dk wzdo
Ykj e/ :j{dhnK B{z d/; fBekbk d/ fdsk ;h, fbfynk j?, **U :/o'Fbw, i/ w?I s?B{z G[bk
fdnK sK w/o/ ;Zi/ jZE B/ i' ftZfdnk f;Zyh j?, T[j G[Zb ikJ/.** jo nodk; ftu tkenrbk
;kb :/o'Fbw ftu.** ihUfB;N bfjo ftu Bt/I g[okD/ jo ozr d/ :j{dh sK Fkwb
j'J/ jh, :j{dh ekwo/v th fjpo{ f;yD bJh dkyb j' rJ/. bfjo J/Bh s/} j' rJh fe d'
Btzpo B{z poskBhnK d/ ftd/F ;eZso nkoEo i/w} B/ n?bkB eo fdZsk fe ;oeko gfjbh
;z;ko izr ysw j'D ;ko :j{dhnK B{z cb;shB d/ dJ/rh. fJ; n?bkB B/ b'eK dk ftFtk;
fEUv'o jo}b d/ n?bkBBkw/ ftu gZek eo fdZsk.
fco th, cb;shB ni/ d{o ;h. jo}b B/ fejk ;h, **nukBe fJe' tes d[BhnK
Go d/ :j{dh BjhI ikDr/. ;G s'I gfjbK G[Zyh Bzrh nkpkdh ikJ/rh, ;VeK pDkJ/rh,
dfonktk d/ tfjD dk o[y pdb/rh, wko{ }whB ftu y/sh j'D bZr/rh. g[b pDBr/, o/bt/
bkJhBK ftSDrhnK wko{Eb ftu. T[; fgS'I wZX tor s/ nyho ftu nwho nk e/ tZ;Dr/.
d'ok, eoke't :j{dh ;e{b ftu dkyb j'Jh sK gsk bZrk fe fiBQK :j{dhnK B/ g'b?Iv dh
nk}kdh d/ jZe ftu :[ZX bfVnk ;h, nk}kd j'D fgS'I g'b?Iv d/ c"ihnK B/ T[j G/vK tKr
tZY ;[N/. fJj d'ok dh f}zdrh d/ w'V dk nfjw B[esk ;h.
:j{dhnK B/ iowBh B{z jo b'VhIdk ;woEB fdZsk ;h sK th Bcos dk fFeko ;B.
;kb 1297 ftu ;oeko B/ i[bkfjnK B{z j[ew d/ fdZsk fe T[j :j{dhnK dh o{z ik ;{s Bk
yohdD. jo nkcs dk ekoB :j{dh ;wM/ iKd/. u"XthI ;dh d/ nZX ftueko gb/r g? rJh
sK fJ; d/ e;{otko :j{dh ;wM/ rJ/ s/ d/; fBekbk fdsk frnk, 1671 ftu yk; fwjopkB
j' e/ ;oeko B/ 50 :j{dh gfotkoK B{z ofjD dh nkfrnk fdZsh, ;kb 1800 sZe :j{dhnK
dh frDsh s/sh ;" j' rJh. id'I d'ok pofbB rJh, T[d'I :j{dh fJe bZy ;Zso j}ko j'
rJ/ ;B s/ fJj frDsh 5 gqshFs j' rJh. jo ndko/ ftu T[BQK bkitkp fwjBs ehsh,
76

p?IeK, ;e{bK, ;N'oK ns/ tgko e/IdoK d/ wkbe j' rJ/. iowBh d/ d' ;G s'I tZv/ nypko
T[b;NhB ns/ w';/ d/ wkbe :j{dh ;B. fJj ;wM' fe 1920 dk iowB ebuo, :j{dh
ebuo ;h.
d'ok B/ nkgDh gVQkJh ns/ e?Ig dhnK f}zw/tkohnK ikoh oZyhnK s/ ekcek pofbB j'
e/ tkg; gokr ubk frnk feT[Ife f;js fBozso itkp d/ ojh ;h. ekcek dh G?D nkgD/
Gok B{z fwbD gokr nkJh sK wzi/ s/ fgnk S/ c[ZNk fgzio d/fynk, T[;B{z dfjb g? frnk.
fpBk fe;/ Bkb rZb ehfsnK T[j T[;B{z nkgD/ fgzv b? rJh. fJj ekcek s'I B"I ;kb S'Nh,
nksw ftFtk;h, n}kd, d{onzd/F, r}p d/ wkBf;e stk}B tkbh e[Vh ;h fi;B/ fgU dk
ekB{zB tkbk vzvk trkj e/ wo}h Bkb, Jh;kJh Bkb ftnkj ehsk. ekcek fejk eodk ;h -
phph s/o/ Bkb Jhoyk j? w?B{z. w/o/ ftu s/o/ fizBk j";bk edh BjhI g?dk j'fJnk. UNbk y/sh
ftfrnkB gVQe/ :/o'Fbw ftu t;Dk ukj[zdh ;h, ekcek B/ fejk- fgsk Bkb rZb Bk eohI,
s/oh gVQkJh dk youk w/o/ f}zw/. gfotko d/ ;ko/ pkeh ihn fejk eod/ ;B fe fJj G?D
Gok id'I fwbd/ jB ;kv/ fybkc ;k}F oud/ jB. ekcek B/ UNbk B{z fejk- i/ E'VQ/ e[
fdB s/o/ xo w?I fJeZbk ofj btK< e[Vh B/ wekB feokJ/ s/ b? fbnk, gfotko ;w/s ubh
rJh s/ ekcek T[;d/ xo ftu e[M fdB BjhI, 1916-17 dhnK ;odhnK d/ S/ wjhB/ fojk.
fJ; ;w/I d"okB fJj xo sg'pD (jofwN/i) j' frnk ;h fiE/ T[;B/ rzGho ouBk ehsh.
ekcek s'I pkd T[;d/ d' Gok izw/ i' wo rJ/ ;B. wK fgU dh ykw'Fh, T[dk;h
d/ydk d/ydk, fJT[I ;'udk fit/I fJBQK d' S'fNnK dk eksb T[jh j?, T[;B{z nkgD/ nkg Bkb
Bcos pugB ftu jh j' rJh ;h.
nr;s wjhB/ d'ok B/ pofbB ftu ;[jDk cb?N ekcek tk;s/ feokJ/ s/ bZG fbnk,
jtkdko, nkb/ d[nkb/ prhuk, tZvk ewok, o;'Jh, r[;bykBk, fJe gk;/ fgnkB' fgnk ;h
fijVk u[g d/ pkti{d ;zrhs tzvdk brdk. T[;B/ ekcek B{z ;Zdk G/i fdsk s/ T[vheD
bZrh. ekcek dh f;js mhe BjhI ;h. w?e;po'd B{z g';N ekov T[go fbfynk, **brksko
nktk}K nk ojhnK jB, e'Jh dotk}/ s/ d;se d/ foj?.** ;kb 1919 dh iBtoh th bzx
rJh, T[j Bk ik ;fenk. Btzpo ftu po'd B{z Bkb b? e/ F/bNB nkgDh G?D d/ xo Ffjo
ubk frnk, fJj f;js bJh mhe EK ;h. T[;B{z d'ok d/ ys fwbd/ oj/ go pofbB Bk ik
;fenk. ;szpo 20, 1921 :j{dhnK dk d; fdB dk Xkofwe fsT[jko F[o{ j[zdk ;h. Xow
rqzE ftu oZp B/ fbfynk j'fJnk ;h, nrb/ ;kb e"D oj/rk, e"'D wo/rk. g[ikoh tos oZydk
;h, gqkoEBk eodk ;h. d'ok dk wzBDk ;h fe oZp w/o/ ns/ ekcek dk Bkw fiT{D tkb/
pzfdnK dh fb;N ftu fby/rk. d'ok B{z ekcek dh sko fwbh fe w?I nk fojk jK. ;N/FB s/
b?D ikJ/rh. F/b;B s'I gokr s/ gokr s'I pofbB. ekcek B/ fbfynk - eZbQ B{z w?I pofbB
g[Zi iktKrk pFofs jB/Qoh MkVh fgS'I w"s B/ xks bk e/ jwbk Bk ehsk. fgsk B/ pofbB
ftu F[o{ j'J/ esfbnkw dhnK ypoK ;[Dk e/ ikD s'I wBQK ehsk go ftnoE. s[oB s'I
gfjbK ekcek B/ nkgD/ fwZso nk;eo pkw B{z fbfynk, **:ksok UBh jh ysoBke j? fizBk
B?g'bhnB tb'I o{; T[go c"iK dh uVQkJh }'yw Goh w[fjzw ;h.**
fpwko j'D s/ pkti{d jkovh dk gkso i{v fJe oks wfjp{pk ;{ B{z fwbD tk;s/
o/b rZvh ufVQnk, T[;B{z d{o'I d/ye/ tkg; nk frnk. s/} p[yko. r[;?bh gsBh n?okp/bk B/
fejk- feT[I frnk ;h T[; jokw}kdh e'b< FKs i{v B/ fejk - d' ezw eoB/ }o{oh ;B,
gfjbK ;{ B{z d/yDk, c/o wo ikDk. fJe c/oh Bkb d't/I ezw j' rJ/. i{v dh w"s j'Jh.
G?D UNbk B{z fbfynk - **s[oB bZrk jK go brdk j? fJ; tko fij' fijh
ysoBke c"i Bkb w[ekpbk j't/rk, gfjbK BjhI j'fJnk ;h. fgsk w/o/ ikD fto[ZX MrVdk
fojk, wK jw/F tKr T[dk; d/ydh ojh, s[o fgnk j?. T[;B{z fwbD tk;s/ w?e;po'd th
pofbB dh rZvh ;tko j' frnk. pofbB ftu po'd dh fJe ;j/bh n?wh ofjzdh ;h, T[; B{z
th fwb/rk. ekcek B/ po'd B[z ;ys bc}K ftu fJ; o'wK; d/ B[e;kB ;wMkJ/. ekcek B/
fJ; e[Vh T[go feskp fbyh, goh Bkb fpskJh f}zdrh . ekcek dhnK dbhbK dk po'd
T[go n;o j'fJnk, fbydk j? - **T[;dh dbhb B{z e'Jh BjhI eZN ;edk, w?I sk uh} jh eh
jK. nkokw Bkb T[j d[BhnK B[z f;ZX/ okj s/ gk fdzdk j? go y[d T[; dk o;sk ftzr
77

sfVzrk fojk. po'd ns/ ekcek dh d';sh B{z ;kfjs d/ fJfsjk; ftu p/fw;kb gqFz;k fwbh
j? fit/I ikB;B ns/ p';t?b dh d';sh B{z. ekcek T[go fijVk w?I Fpd fuso fbfynk ;h
T[; ftu T[BQK d'tK dh gfjbh w[bkeks dk t/otk fdbeF j?, po'd 18 ;kb dk ;h s/
ekcek 19 ;kb dk. po'd B/ iowB ftfdnkoEhnK ;kjwD/ BhsF/ T[go fbfynk g/go
gVQfdnK pkeh sby fNgDhnK s'I fJbktk fJj th fejk ;h, **ntkokrod, f;tkfJ }BkBhpk}
d/ j'o e[M BjhI T[j.** BhsF/ T[go fNZgDhnK eofdnK ekcek B/ po'd d/ g/go dh T[j
s{Vh T[vkJh fe po'd ;dk bJh ekcek dk w[ohd j' frnk. jw/F FKs ofjD tkbk ekcek
T[; fdB g{ok s{ckB j' frnk ;h. g?Ish ;kb pkd id'I po'd B/ T[;dh ihtBh fbyh T[;
ftu fJ; xNBk B{z :kd eofdnK fejk, **w/o/ ftuko X[zXb/ ns/ T[bM/ j'J/ ;B, w/o/ ftu
purkBk jzeko, GfoFN Jhoyk ns/ pDkT[Nh f;nkDg ;h, ekcek d/ s{ckB s'I pkd n;wkB
fBowb j' frnk. fJ; fgS'I w?I gVQB dh neb jk;b ehsh. e[dos fit/I j"bh d/Dh p{fNnK
d/ ezB ftu e[M nkydh j? sK c[Zb fyV iKd/ jB, ekcek d/ p'b fJ; soQK d/ ;B, fJj'
fij/ p'b T[j ;[DB/ ukj[zdk j[zdk. T[;B/ fe; fe; EK eh eh rZb ehsh, w?B{z ;kc fd;h
iKdh j?. T[; dh jk}oh ftu fe;/ Bkb p/fJB;kch j't/, n;zGt.**
feskpK pko/ ekcek fejk eodk, **w/o/ febQ/ d/ ewo/ w?IE'I BjhI y[ZbQ/, feskpK T[BQK
dhnK ukphnK jB.**
NkJhb s/ ;pkJhB d' ;j/bhnK ekcek B{z e?Ig ftu nkT[IfdnK iKfdnK d/ydhnK, T[BQK
B{z brdk j[zdk, fJj fJ; eoe/ nBkEK d/ e?Ig ftu nk iKd? sK fe e?Ig ;BwkB:'r pD
ikt/. o/;soK ftu nkJh;eohw yk ojhnK ;B, bkb osBk Bkb wfVQnk nkJh;eohw dk FhF/
dk eZg r}p dk ;[jDk ;h. ;'bK ;kbK dh NkJhb B/ jT[ek b? e/ nkgDh ;j/bh B{z fejk -
fJj eZg jk;b eoB bJh w?I ;G e[M d/D B{z fsnko jK. ;pkJhb B/ jZ; e/ g[ZfSnk - s/o/
e'b j? eh d/D bJh< fco d'tK B/ d/fynk, go/ ekcek yb'sk ;h. fJj ;'u e/ fe fes/
ekcek T[BQK dhnK rZbK ;[D Bk fojk j't/, MZN pkjo fy;e rJhnK. wjhB/ e[ wro'I NkJhb
ypo b?D T[;d/ cb?N ftu rJh. dotk}k y'bQ e/ ekcek B/ fejk - osk mfjo. T[j o[e
rJh. ekcek nzdo frnk, fJe g?eN NkJhb B{z cVkfJnk, y'bQ e/ d/fynk, r}p, T[jh bkb
iVkT{ nkJh;-eohw eZg. y[F j'Jh NkJhb B{z ekcek B/ fejk - nkgDh g[okDh ejkts j?
Bk, ftnkj tkb/ fdB fJ; B{z u{o u{o eo d/JhI.
fJe fdB T[;B/ d'ok B{z fejk - pofbB nk e/ tZ;D dk w/ok ;[cBk g{ok j' frnk.
gokr d/ gzfinK ftu'I edh fBeb ;eKrk, T[whd BjhI ;h, pofbB w/oh gqkgsh j?, fJ; B{z
gqkgs eoB s'I fpBK w?I woBk BjhI. d'ok B/ dZf;nk, **T[;dhnK ;kohnK fbysk fJe gk;/,
T[; Bkb fpskfJnk fJe fdB, d{i/ gk;/, d{ik gk;k t}Bdko j?. fe;/ b/ye B{z fwbD BjhI,
fJe FkBdko wod B{z fwbD rJh ;K w?I.
ekcek d'ok d/ fgSb/ ihtB pkps ;tkb s/ ;tkb g[ZSdk ofjzdk, d'ok dZ;dh j?,
**g{o/ fXnkB Bkb ;[Ddk, w/ok ;XkoB fijk tke ;[D e/ edh edkJhI ;[zB j' iKdk. T[jB{z
g{op dhnK d/;h rZbK dh G[Zy ;h, fit/I T[; nzdob/ dZp/ j'J/ yikfBnK Bkb fwbdk i[bdk
j't/ g{opHHH nBzs G/d, nBzs ow}K. T[j rZbK eoB dk F[ehB ;h, rZbK eofdnK nZyK ftu
fbFe ns/ j'mK s/ w[;ekB d't/A BZudhnK ofjzdhnK. edh edkJhI fJT[I th w[;eokT[dk fit/I
nkgD/ tkeK ftu T[IrbK okjhI ozr GoB bZrk j?. id'I T[;B{z :ehB j' iKdk ;o'sk T[j
ow} ;wM frnk j? i' T[j ;wMkT[Dk ukj[zdk, pj[s ;zs[FN j[zdk. p'bK ftu ;zrhs ;h,
wZXw fijhnK ;[oK. w"s n?B ;kjwD/, o'w o'w ftu dod, nkgDk d[y Bk dZ;e/ fwbD tkb/
B{z ;[ydkJh rZbK ;[DkT[Idk ekcek w?I j[D th d/y ojh jK. T[; ftu e[M nfpBkFh ;h fi;
eoe/ T[; pko/ eEB eoBk n"yk ezw j?. ;wK phsD Bkb B?D BeF s/ rZbK X[zdbhnK j'
ikfJnk eodhnK jB, T[;dh Fy;hns fdB pfdB fBZyo fBZyo ;kjwD/ nk ojh j?.
id'I fbyD brdk, d'ok nkgD/ nkg T[;B{z fJeKs ftu SZv e/ pkjo ubh iKdh,
ekcek B/ edh T[;B[z fejk BjhI ;h. T[j ikD iKdh. d'ok B/ g[ZfSnk, **c/fb; B{z fgnko
ehsk, T[; ftu eh B[eF ;h, s[;hI ftnko s'I fJBeko ehsk< ekcek B/ fejk, **T[j uzrh ;h
go g{oh d[BhnKdko, i'V xNk ftu gqphB, T[; B{z ftnkj[D dk noE j'Dk ;h g{ok :'og
78

nkgD/ xo ftu b? nkT[Dk, :'og, fi;dk wkfJBk j? MPm s/ co/p. T[;B{z ;[jDk xo, uzrh
nkwdB s/ ;w/I dk gkpzd gsh ukjhdk ;h. w?I nkgDh xVh v/Y xzNk nZr/ oZydk jK. id'I
T[jdk dkn bZrdk, xVh mhe eo fdzdh, w/ok ;kok g'qrokw rbs j' iKdk. iK w?I rbs
;h iK T[j, fJj gZeh rZb j? fe ;kv/ d'tK ftu'I fJe ;jh BjhI ;h.**
d'ok B/ fbfynk, **id'I w?I d/ydh T[j fbyD'I jN frn?, T[;d/ ewo/ ftu ubh iKdh.
i' fbfynk, gVQ e/ ;[DkT[Idk. nyho ftu nkydk, gsk Bh fet/I fbyh frnk w?I, G{s nkb/
d[nkb/ x[zwd/ oj/, pu frnk, fJj rZb eoB t/b/ T[;d/ j'mK s/ pZu/ torh w[;ekB j[zdh,
pZuk fJT[I rZb efonk eod? fit/I T[jB{z G{sK gq/sK, ;G dk g{ok gsk j?, tZv/ e[M BjhI
ikDd/. wfjzr/ doih s'I eZgV/ f;bkT[Idk, tXhnk ;{N, p{N ns/ NkJh, BjhI sK pkjo BjhI
fBeb/rk. fJe fdB efjD bZrk **d'ok, w/o/ s'I edh edkJhI uzrh uh} fbyh iKdh n?, fit/I
nzBQ/ u{u/ B[z dkDk bZG ikJ/.**
d'ok B/ dZf;nk, **pofbB dhnK ;VeK T[go nwhoK d/ tZv/, Go//-Ge[zB/ ;N'oK d/ pkjo
nzrjhD wzrs/, G[Zy/ pZu/, p/;jko/ p[ZY/ ftbed/, o'Nh wzrd/ d/ydk ofjzdk, wfjzrkJh ;dek o'Nh
jo o'} j'o fBZeh j' iKdh, f;sko dh fJe sko S[j', pkeh ;kohnK y[d p y[d ezpD bZr
iKdhnK B/. fJBQk ;VeK dk d"ok eoe/ ekcek xo nkT[Idk, jkbs fJ; soQK j[zdh fit/I izr
d/ w?dkB ftu'I j}ko tko wo e/ w[fVnk j't/, ozr Bhbk j' iKdk ;h. :;{ w;hj w'Y/ T[go
nkgDk eoKZ; nkg u[Ze gjkVh T[go ufVQnk ;h, fJ; rZb ftu e'Jh nfseEBh sK BjhI
Bk.**
ekcek j'o ;ko/ w;fbnK ftu T[bM iKdk ;h, ;kfjs ouBk t/b/ T[j g{oB gkodoFh
j[zdk, p/fbjk}, fdqVQ fJokd/ tkbk, ;kfjs T[; tk;s/ Xow ;h, fejk eodk ;h **fJj fijVk
e[M fbfynk ik foj? d'ok, fJj ;kfjs BjhI j?, fJj sK toswkB d/ fBe/ fBe/ goSkt/I wkso
jB.** ;kfjs ouBk t/b/ T[j nBzs ngj[zu j[zdk.
d'ok B/ vkfJoh ftu fbfynk, **nyhob/ fdBK ftu T[;B/ w?B{z efj fdZsk ;h fe j[D
w?I fJeZbk BjhI ofj ;edk, ;' id'I w?I fbydk j'tK T[d'I w/o/ e'b fojk eo. w?I fBe/ w'N/ ezw
eodh ofjzdh, feskp gVQdh ofjzdh. T[j fby fojk ;h, fJe oks w?I gVQdh gVQdh ;'c/ T[go
;"I rJh. id'I nZy y[ZbQh, T[j nkgDk ezw w[ek e/ w/o/ bkr/ p?mk d/fynk. T[; dk n;kXkoB
fujok fbFe fojk ;h, fpbe[b T[; soQK fit/I s;thoK ftu ceho dk ft;wkd fdykfJnk
j[zdk j?, ekcek BjhI, fJj e'Jh j'o ;h. ekcek B/ fJe fdB fejk, **NZeoK wko wko id'I
wZEk bj{ b{jkD j' ikt/ T[d'I w?B{z s;Zbh jz[dh j?. d'ok fJj ;p{s j[zdk j? fJ; rZb dk fe
fi; uNkB Bkb NeokfJnk, T[j ;ys ;h.**
w?e; po'd ekcek ns/ d'ok B{z fwbD pofbB frnk, fbydk j?, **d'ok Bkb fpskJ/
T[;d/ fdB ;G s'I tXhe ;[ydkJh gb ;B, w?B{z nkgDhnK sk}hnK ouBktk gVQ e/ ;[DkJhnK.
w?I T[; dhnK fbysK j[D gVQdk jK sK T[; d/ p'b, nzdk} ;kjwD/ nk iKdk j?. tke ;fizd
j' iKd/, uc/o ;zrhs g;o iKdk. T[j SgD bJh fsnko Bk j[zdk sK edh w?I wzrs/ tKr
Ghy wzrdk, edh u'oh eodk, edh XZe/ Bkb y'j fbnkT[Idk, T[j ejh iKdk- fJj mhe BjhI,
rbshnK B/.
gqekFe e[oN t'c tob/r B/ ekcek B{z ys fbfynk, **s[jkvhnK feskpK fte BjhI
ojhnK. d/o pkd s[jkv/ gkme g?dk j'Dr/. ;kB{z fJBQK ftub/ tkeK dh ehws dk gsk j?.
;kB{z cyo j? n;hI s[jkv/ gqekFe jK.**
po'd B/ ys fby e/ f;js pkps g[ZfSnk sK T[so fdZsk, **pkeh nzrK dk ezw sK
swkw j?, f;o pfunk j? ni/, f;o fJ; soQK dk fit/I F/o B/ b'j-N'g gfjB fbnk j't/.
jB/Qo yks/ ftu ne;o v[Zp ikBk, d/o pkd c/o ukBD fdykJh d/D bZr iKd?.
G?D UNbk d'jK B{z fwb e/ g/e/ rJh sK wkfgnK B{z d[Zy j'fJnk fe fe; c}{b e[Vh
B[z xo oZy fbn?. UNbk B/ f;csK ehshnK, go wkfgnK B[z fJspko BjhI nkfJnk, d[yh j'J/.
1924 d/ Bt/I ;kb G?DK ns/ wkfgnK tb'II J/B/ s[jc/, J/BhnK ykD uh}K nkJhnK fe
g?eN y'bQdh y'bQdh d'ok o' gJh. ekcek dh GkDih d;dh j? fe BkBk BkBh B{z fJj g{opDh
79

g;zd BjhI ;h. fejk eod/ ;B - fJj mhe BjhI y[nkT[Idh fgbkT[Idh, wko dJ/rh ;kv/ g[Zso
B{z.
iBtoh d/ d{i/ jcs/ p[yko s/} j' frnk. d'ok B/ ;G s'I tZvk vkeNo i' gq'c?;o th
;h, ;Zfdnk. nkg sK T[j nkfJnk BjhI, nkgDk shj ;kb dk ;jkfJe G/i fdZsk. ;kok e[M
u?Ze eoB s'I pkd ;jkfJe B/ fejk, p[yko s'I fpBK j'o e'Jh sebhc BjhI. eZY' 160 u?e
eqkT{B. ekcek B/ fejk - d'ok, uzrk j'fJnk tZvk vkeNo BjhI nkfJnk, wKi d/Dk ;h nkgK
B{z i/ y[d nk iKdk. w?B{z wfjzrkjh dk fJe ckfJdk th j?. ;;sk, c}{b ykDk ;[nkd bZrD
bZr iKd?.
jo FBhtko dh Fkw nodk; ftu phsdh. pZuk fJe ejkDh fit/I pko pko ;[Dh
iKdk j?, T[j d'ok s'I nodk; ;[Dh iKdk, - fjpo{ GkFk d/ gow/Fo, fJ}okJhb d/ :j{dhnK
B[z s/oh wZdd dh b'V j?, nkT[D tkb/ ;Zs/ fdB GkrK Go/ j'D, s/oh gftsosk ;kvh
d[BhnKdkoh B{z f;zidh oj/, nkgd/ w[ohdK dh w[okd g{oh eo fgsk. f;js fwb/, ihtb fwb/,
;G B{z nzB d/j, XB d/j, FkBK pyF. i/o{;bw d/ dotki/ y'bQd/, jw/FK y[ZbQ/ oZyhI.**
fco y[d nodk; eoB bZr iKdk, **i/o{;bw d/ do y[ZbQDr/, n;hI iktKr/. ;rb
;z;koK d/ fgsk, e/tb s{z ;kvk okyk j?I. e"Vh i[dkJh fwZm/ fwbkgK ftu pdb/rh, nrbk
jcsk, nrbk wjhBk, nrbk ;kb, ;[ydkJh j't/.** d'ok B/ fJe fdB fejk- d/fynk nodk;
Bkb fezBk ;[y, fezBh FKsh fwbdh j?. s{z ;koh T[wo nodk; BjhI ehsh, ;zrs ftu BjhI
frnk, j[D bZrk Bk gsk fJ; dh fwmk; dk< i/ F[o{ s'I oZp B{z :kd oZfynk j[zdk sK ekjB{z
eFN nkT[Id/.
ekcek B/ po'd B{z fbfynk, **wfjzrkJh eoe/ fJjh ;[jDk cb?N 1 cotoh 1924 B{z
SZvDk gt/rk. szrh J/Bh j? fe ;kvh wkbe wekB B/ nkgDk fJe' fJe p?v-o{w th feokJ/ s/
d/ fdZsk. pko pko cb?N pdbD Bkb w?I ;kok pofbB Ffjo d/y bT{Irk. gokr ftu Bh
w?I ikDk j[D ed/.**
po'd B/ ;[nkdb/ ykD/ dk tZvk g?eN G/fink, XzBtkd eofdnK ekcek B/ fejk, **n;hI
fJeZfbnK BjhI ykXk. nkgD/ i'rk oZy e/ d'ok pkeh ;kok :shwykB/ b? rJh. dZ;dh ;h,
T[dk; pZu/ fyV rJ/ ;B. gfjbK th fJe fdB 20 eokT{B d/ e/ nkJh ;h. gzi fdB pkd
wekB ykbh eoBk j? go ni/ BtK bZGk BjhI. uzr/ wekB s/} edwhI ;kv/ e'b'I dh bzx
iKd/ jB, wkV/ ftu ofjD B{z fdb Bh eodk. w/ok ih B"eoh eoB B{z eodk j?, go T[fmnk
BjhI iKdk. wzih s/ gJ/ pzd/ B{z E'Vk B"eoh dJ/rk e'Jh.**
T[[;B{z eth jkos g;zd ;h i' r}p d/ nzdk} ftu g[okDhnK B}wK ;N/i s/ g/F
eodk, fBok ikd{ro. ihBhn;. jkos B/ ;Zdk gZso G/fink fe pofbB ftu F'n d/yD
nkU. XzBtkd eofdnK ekcek B/ fbfynk, **nk Bh ;edk. d'ok dkfJwzs nkJ/rh. T[; Bkb
w/o/ xo nk ikj. s?B{z fwfbnK w[ Zds j' rJh.**
d'ok T[;dk F'n d/yD rJh, nk e/ j{pj{, T[j ;kok e[M ekcek nZr/ d[jok fdsk i'
jkos B/ ehsk s/ fejk. d'ok B/ ;'funk, n?efNzr d[nkok o'Nh ewkJh ik ;edh j?.
e?Z;o ftdtkB th ;h, gqekFe th. T[;B/ fbfynk, **ekcek fiZvk eZdkto b/ye nZi
e'Jh BjhI, T[;d/ tkeK ftu nbzeko BjhI, ftT[Ispzdh BjhI, fpBK fe;/ e'fFF d/ T[j nDxV/
;'B/ d/ Y/o bk foj?. w?I T[; B{z 1924 dhnK ;odhnK ftu fwfbnk. fpwko ;h. ew}'o.
fBok pZuk bZr fojk ;h. pZu/ tKr y[F ;h. w?B{z fJT[I bZrD bZrk fit/I fJj fpwkoh B{z th
fgnko eoB bZr fgn?. T[;B/ w?B{z fejk - nkdwh ;[zdosk d/yD d/ ;woZE oj/, sK p[ZYk
BjhI j[zdk.**
gqf;ZX b/ye tocb T[;B{z fwbD nkfJnk. d/o sZe d't/I nzdo p?m/ oj/, fco nukBe
cNkZe dotkik y[ZfbQnk s/ tocb o'Idk o'Idk pkjo fBeb frnk. d'ok B/ g[ZfSnk, fejk -
**ekcek B{z w/oh o'Jh ouBk g;zd BjhI. BjhI sK BK ;jh, w/oh yZb sK BjhI T[skoBh ukjhdh
;h. d'ok B/ fejk - T[j j? Jh fJ; soQK dk. T[j sK nkgDh yZb nkg T[skodk ofjzd?.
nkgDh fbys B{z nZr bk fdzd?. SgD bJh BjhI G/idk, efjzdk ofjzd? - fJj petk; j?. s{z
T[jdh rZb dk p[ok Bk wBk. T[j mhe BjhI Bk. T[jB/ sK w/o/ jZE'I nkgDhnK vkfJohnK B{z
80

nZr b[tk fdZsh ;h. ;[nkj d/y e/ FKs j' frnk s/ fejk - fbys nkdwh d/ nB[Gt dh
;[nkj j[zdh j?.
1919 ftu d'ok vkH B?beB B{z fwbh ;h. d't/I fJe d{i/ B{z uzr/ bZr/. d'ok B{z
T[;dk c'B Bzpo bZG frnk. c'B ehsk, **d'ok jK, gSkfDnK< w/ok d';s coKi pj[s fpwko
j?. d/yD nkJ/AIrk< ;kv/ e'b ch; d/D tk;s/ g?;/ BjhI. nk ikJ/AIrk

nkJ/, pj[s wfjzr/, go feT[Ife po'd B/ fejk ;h, ;' wzB rJ/. fdB oks ;/tk ftu bZrh
fJj e[Vh ekcek d/ wkfgnK B{z uzrh bZrD bZrh. fuZmhnK ftu n;h;K d/D bZr/. d'ok B/
fbfynk, **s[jkvhnK n;h;K w?B{z fezBh y[Fh fdzdhnK jB, w/o/ p/ozr/ nZyo dZ; BjhI ;ed/.**
BDd UNbk B{z fbfynk, **w?I ukj[zdh jK ekcek ok}h j't/ sK fe s[jkB{z d[Zy Bk g[Zi/,
p; fJjh ;'udh ofjzdh jK. j'o w/o/ fdwkr ftu e'Jh rZb BjhI nkT[Idh. w?B{z gZek gs? fJj
ibdh ok}h j't/rk.**
ekcek B/ d'ok B{z fejk - nkgK B{z ftnkj eotk b?Dk ukjhd?. d'ok B/ fejk - ;kb
s'I fJeZm/ jK, o;wK ohsK T[go'I w/ok fJspko T[m frnk. fgsk wzB/rk BjhI. fJt/I mhe jK.
ekcek BjhI wzfBnK, d'ok d/ fgsk B{z fbfynk, **;BwkB:'r fgsk, w?I s[jkv/ gfotko d/ ihnK
tKr gZek :j{dh sK BjhI - go w?I gqkoEBk eodk j[zBk. fe;/ fdB s[jkv/ tork th j'
iktKrk. w?B{z T[whd j? d'ok B{z w/o/ Bkb ftnkj dh nkfrnk d/ e/ s[;hI w?B{z nkgD/ gfotko
ftu gqtkB eo bt'r/.** fJzB/ ;fseko Bkb fby/ tke gVQ e/ fJe tko sK d'ok B{z bZfrnk
fe nkfrnk fwb ikJ/rh. nkgD/ g[so d/ jZE gftZso gkdoh B/ ys dk itkp G/fink. Gok
th fgsk fizBk Xowh pzdk ;h, G?D Bkb e'Jh rZb BjhI ehsh, T[;dh M'bh ftu itkp ;[ZN
frnk, d'ok B/ ekr} y'bQ e/ gfVQnk. e/tb fJe bc} fbfynk j'fJnk ;h - **BjhI**.
vkeNo j'cw?B B/ fejk, **ekcek dh w"s pj[s B/V/ nk rJh j? d'ok. gkdoh nk
frn?. s{z ftnkj dh o;w bJh jK eo. w?I s/ w/oh gsBh rtkjK ti'I d;sys eoKr/.**
d'ok B/ fejk, **s[jkvh fJj rZb jwdodh Goh brdh j? vkeNo, go w/o/ JhwkB nB[;ko
wod/ nkdwh B{z nkokw Bkb woB d/Dk tZvk g[zB j?. w/oh ns/ T[;dh o{j B{z eFN Bk
fdT[.**
ekcek B/ vkH okpoN B{z fejk, **j[D nkyoh Nhek bk vkeNo. w?B{z s;hj/ Bk d/j**.
vkeNo B/ d'ok B{z vkeykB/ ik e/ wkfgnK B{z ypo d/D bJh fejk. T[j ikDk BjhI ukj[zdh
;h go vkeNo dk j[ew ;h. fszB i{B, wkochB dk tZvk Nhek bkfJnk frnk.
id'I d'ok r[bd;sk b? e/ tkg; nkJh, g{ok p/j'F j' u[Zek ;h. d'ok B/ c[ Zb T[;d/
fujo/ B/V/ eo fds/. ekcek B/ nZyK y'bQhnK, d'ok B/ fejk - d/y ekcek, fezBh ;[jDh y[Fp{
j?, ;[zx e/ d/y. p/j'F pzd/ B/ nkgDk f;o c[ ZbK dh ;[rzXh tk;s/ T[go u[Zfenk. c[ Zb ;[zx/.
p'bD dh ;woZEk BjhI ojh ;h, jZEK nZyK ns/ f;o ftu ni/ ikB ;h. d'ok B/ fdb s/ jZE
oZy fdsk. XVeD j"bh j' ojh ;h. fco ekcek dh Sksh T[go nkgdk ezB fNek fdZsk.
nkyoh ;kj s/ nkyoh XVeD ;[D e/ d'ok B/ fejk - s/o/ d[y ysw ekcek, w/o/ F[o{.
d'ok id'I y[d w"s dk ;kjwDk eo ojh ;h, B/ fbfynk, **coK} dh w"s w/oh w"s
;h. ;G ysw. w/oh bJh jBQ/ok ;h u[c/o/. j[D d{ih tko c/o woBk gt/rk. Bo; B/ id'I
ekcek dhnK gbeK pzd ehshnK, w?I d/fynk, T[;d/ f;o d/ tkb T[bM/ j'J/ ;B. ekcek B{z
fJ; soQK ofjDk g;zd BjhI ;h, w?I doki ftu'I s[os poF eZY e/ T[; d/ tkb tkj fdZs/.
fgsk B/ gokr fbik e/ ekcek B{z dcB ehsk. nypkoK ftu T[;dh w"s dh ;{uBk fbyh, go
Bkb fJj th fbfynk, **w/o/ xo nc;'; eoB Bk nkT[Dk ih.**
skp{s Xosh nzdo T[sko fdsk sK d'ok B/ uhe wkoh, }whB s/ fvr gJh, :j{dh
gqkoEBktK ftu T[;dhnK f;;ehnK r[zw j' rJhnK. gq'H T[o}hfdb, i' fJE/ w"i{d ;h fbydk
j?, **w?I w"s pko/ gfVQnk ;h, w"s T[go eftsktK fbyhnK ;B, fJj j[zdh eh j?, ekcek dh
w"s fgS'I gsk bZrk. jcs/ pkd FoXKibh fdzfdnK w?e;po'd B/ fejk, **w{;k B{z MkVh dhnK
bkNK ftu'I i' fdf;nk, ;kB{z ekcek ftu'I fdf;nk. ekcek ysw j' frn?, ekcek dk d"o j[D
F[o{ j't/rk.**
ekcek d/ wkfgnK e'b d' wjhB/ gokr ftu fpskT[D pkd d'ok pofbB rJh. T[;
dh fJZSk ;h fEJ/No f;y/rh.
fwfbe o/ftu B/ ekcek dh ikD gSkD ns/ fJe ejkDh dk nB[tkd w?r}hB ftu
SgtkfJnk. fbydk j?, **nB[tkd tXhnk BjhI ;h fJ; eoe/ w?I c?;bk ehsk nkgDk Bkw Bk
SgtktK. Sgh fbys gVQ e/ j'o th fBok;sk j'Jh, ekjB{z SgtkT[Dk ;h, go ub' j[D
ekcek fejVk fiT[Idk j?, w?I e[M okjs wfj;{; ehsh. o{;h pkovo d/ bkr/ :j{dh g'fbF
82

nkpkdh ftu w/ok o{po{ j'Dk ;h. gq'rokw F[o{ j'D ftu e[M ;wK ;h, fJe i[nkB e[Vh w/o/
B/V/ nkJh, T[;dk fujok jkt Gkt s'I fJedw ykbh, ghbk, T[;B/ fJT[I rZb F[o{ ehsh fit/I
d{o'I ybkn ftu'I nktk} nkJ/, p/ozr nktk}. T[;B/ fejk - w?I ekcek pko/ s[jkvh fbys gVQh
j?. w? I Fofwzdk j' frnk, fJ; B{z feE'I gsk bZr frnk fJj w/oh fbys ;h< w?I fJ; pko/
rZb eoB dk fJS[Ze BjhI ;K. nkyo w?I g[ZfSnk - s{z ekcek B{z fezBk e[ gfVQnk j?< T[j
Fowk rJh, F[ZX iowB }pkB ftu p'bh - w?I ekcek dh gsBh d'ok jK.
**;N/i T[go w/o/ s'I ekcek pko/ wkD eoB :'r e'Jh rZb Bk j'Jh, pkowpko fJe
tke w/o/ ezB ftu nk r{zidk - w?I ekcek dh gsBh jK. U oZpk fiZE/ ;o'fsnK ftu d'ok
dkfJwzs p?mh j't/, T[E/ w?I eh ejK. b?euo fgS'I fe;/ B/ ;tkb BjhI g[ZS/. w?I pkjo
fBefbnk, fJZSk ;h fJe tko fco fwbK, T[j nkg/ nk rJh, T[jh e[Vh fijVh ekcek B{z
f:ZfdF ns/ fjpo{ f;ykfJnk eodh ;h, g[okDh fJzihb dhnK ;kyhnK ;[DkfJnk eodh ;h.
d'ok B/ dZf;nk - T[;d/ wkg/ w?B{z g;zd BjhI eod/ ;B go w"s fgS'I Xotk; d/D tk;s/ w?I
T[BQK d/ xo bzwk ;wK fpskfJnk. p/FZe T[bfMnk j'fJnk nkdwh ;h go ;h sK T[BQK dk
fgnkok FkBkwZsk g[Zso. fco T[j ubh rJh. nfb}p/E p?Nh, d'ok s'I uko ;kb S'Nh T[;dh
;j/bh ;h, 1995 ftu p?Nh B/ dZf;nk - T[j fdqVQ nkswftFtk; tkbh e[Vh ;h, ekcek dhnK
rZbK w[ZeD Bk fdzdh - T[;d/ jZE fezB/ ;[jD/ ;BHHH T[;dhnK nZyK fezBhnK ;[jDhnKHHH. e[M
b'e nkw ;'ud/, fJj F/yh wko ojh j?. wkw{bh gVQh, rohp :j{dh xo ftu f:fdF p'bdh
e[Vh B{z ekcek tork ihBhn; fet/I g;zd eo ;edk j?< p?Nh dZ;dh j? - T[wo phsD Bkb
:kdK X[zdbhnK g? iKdhnK jB, d'ok dhnK dZ;hnK rZbK FhF/ tKr ;kc jB ni/.
nmkJh ;kb dh T[wo ftu pofbB d/ fJe fEJ/No ftu ezw eoB bZr gJh.
fEJ/No T[;dh ;j/bh dk ;h, ;' ofjD ;fjD ykD ghD w[cs dk ;h s/ i/p youk ubkT[D
tk;s/ fszB ;kb d/ fJe pZu/ dh fyvkth ti'I th ezw eodh. f;js ne;o ftrV iKdh.
ghn?uHvh tk;s/ ezw eo fojk ebkg;NkZe d'ok B{z eJh tko fwfbnk. ekcek dh G?D UNbk
B{z T[;B/ fJe ys ftu fbfynk, **d'ok j;w[y j?, o"Deh j?, nkbk d[nkbk wfjek fdzdh j?,
go fJ; ;ko/ T[go T[dk;h dh ukdo ftSh ofjzdh j?. ftu'I dh eJh wjhB/ fpwko ojh go
j[D T[zBh ;[jDh j' rJh j? fizBh ekcek t/b/ j[zdh ;h. s/o/ tKr ;[nkd ykD/ pDkT[Idh j?.
e?;b dh gfjbh n?vhFB 1500 ekghnK SghnK s/ ehws oZyh rJh 350 vkbo, d'ok
B{z 150 wkoe wjhB/ dh okfJbNh fwbD bZr rJh. fJj pzd'p;s ekg;Nke ns/ ftZbhjk;
B/ eotkfJnk ;h. T[j y[F j' rJh, fijV/ 30 tXhnk ebkeko fEJ/No ezgBh B/ ezw bJh
u[D/ T[BQK ftu d'ok th ;h. fJ; fEJ/No ezgBh B/ thj ;kb :'og ftu ebkf;e BkNe y/v/.
fJp;B d/ BkNeK B/ soEZbh wuk fdZsh ;h.
1927 ftu fJ;/ fEJ/No ezgBh ftu poNk bk;e Bkw dh 45 ;kbk n"os nkJh ;h
i' BkNe fbydh. gfjbh ;z;ko izr ftu T[;dk Gok J/fwb bk;e, fi;B/ fcbk;ch ftu
ghn?uHvhH jhvbpor :{Bhtof;Nh s'I ehsh ;h }ko dhnK c"iK fto[ZX izr bVdk wkfonk
frnk ;h. d' ;kb pkd d{ik Gok jK;, g{oph cozN s/ bVdk wfonk. poNk, :[ ZX d/ fybkc
eftsktK ns/ BkNe fbydh fbydh gZeh ;'Ffb;N j' rJh. fJj' n"os pkd ftu d'ok dh
;Z; pDh. poNk dk fJfsjk;e BkNe fbT[Bk-21 fJe F' s'I pkd g[bh; B/ pzd eotk fdZsk
feT[Ife fJ; ftu w}d{oK dh sok;dh d/ fdqF prkts eotk ;ed/ ;B. fJj BkNe d{ih
tko tJhwko B?FBb fEJ/No ftu, id'I poNk 78 ;kb dh j' rJh ;h, fco y/fvnk frnk ;h
.
d'ok B/ fFZbo, r/N/, jhB, fJp;B ns/ F/e;ghno d/ BkNe y/v/. Bkb Bkb nkgDh
gVQkJh ikoh oZyh. fJ;/ fEJ/No ftu ezw eodh T[; s'I 12 ;kb S'Nh b{;h, id'I 92 ;kb dh
;h, B/ 2002 ftu dZf;nk **w?I T[; B{z d'oh fejk eodh. T[; torh skesto Fy;hns w?I
BjhI d/yh e'Jh, ;zg{oB, ;zs[FN, nksw-;BwkfBs, T[j ;G e[M ;h p;.**
BkNe ftu ro?}{J/FB w[ezwb eoe/ d'ok B/ e[b?efNt fEJ/No ezgBh ftu 1928 ftu
B"eoh b? bJh. fJe ;kb ftu 36 fEJ/NoK ftu BkNe ehs/. e[M BkNeK ftu vpb o'b th
ehs/. T[;dk f;Zek uZb fgnk, n"y/ s'I n"y/ o'b ;cb fBGkJ/. T[j T[;dh uVQs dk ;kb ;h.
83

30 ngq?b 1929 B{z ezgBh dk ezNo?eN ysw j'fJnk sK T[j pofbB fJe ;[jD/ cb?N
ftu ofjD bZrh. nkofEe wzdk uZb fojk ;h. jVskbK s/ gqdoFBK dh Gowko ;h. g[b;
uhc ekob f}okpb, fi;B/ poNk bk;e dk BkNe fbT{Bk-21 pzd eotk fdZsk ;h n?bkB
eo fojk ;h - w?I jVskbhnK B{z ;pe f;yk fdnKrk. jo o'} rbhnK w[jZfbnK ftu
ckfJfozr j[zdh.
d'ok eJh EkJhI rJh, fEJ/No ftu ezw Bk fwfbnk. fEJ/No pdb u[Zek ;h, pos'b
po?ys Sk fojk ;h, d'ok dk ebk;heb fEJ/No g[okDk j' uZ[ek ;h. efwT{fB;N, fEJ/No
okjhI fJBebkp fbnkT[D d/ :sB eo oj/ ;B s/ b'e brksko T[BQK tb M[e oj/ ;B, wX
tor tk;s/ fJj' nk; dh feoB ;h. r'pb} B/ BthI gkoNh yVQh eo fdZsh s/ B}opzd
fjNbo fojk j' e/ ;orow j' frnk. T[;dh gfjbh fjN-fb;N s/ ekwo/v ;B. p/o[}rko
d'ok B{z ekwo/vK dhnK rZbK s/ :'iBktK ;jh bZrD bZr gJhnK. T[j wzMXko ftu c;h j'Jh
;h. nypkoK ftu ekcek pko/ fJzNoftT{} SgdhnK, GkFD, ftu T[j ekcek B{z }wkB/ dk
;[gowkJhIv wzBdh, go ekcek efwT{fB;NK d/ fybkc ;h.
iowB ftu iBtoh 1930 ftu fGnkBe wzdk nkfJnk, ftnkge p/o[}rkoh, wfjzrkJh,
c?eNohnK, ezgBhnK pzd, bZyK dh frDsh ftu w}d{o ;VeK T[go. bkb MzfvnK dh frDsh
tXD bZrh. d'ok dh o'Nh okfJbNh ekoB uZbdh ;h. d'ok B/ efwT{fB;N gkoNh dh
w?IpofFg dk ekov b? fbnk, T[;dk r[gs Bkw wkohnk oZfynk frnk. wk;e' gkoNh j?v
nkfc; B/ d'ok pko/ ;{uBk wzrh, fJj ;{uBk G/ih rJhL
ekwo/v wkohnk B{z w?I 1930 s'I ikDdk jK. v/Y ;kb s'I T[j gkoNh d/ ezwK ftu
;orow j?. T[;dhnK j'o rshftXhnK dk w?B{z gsk BjhI. fJj w?I fBih s"o s/
ikDdk jK fe T[j nkgD/ gfjb/ gsh ekcek dh ikfJdkd ns/ okfJbNh ftu'I fjZ;k
b?Idh ojh j? s/ f}T[fB;N :j{dh w?e;po'd T[;dk jwdod j?.
ekwo/vK B{z T[;dh wzu :'rsk dk fJbw ;h, T[BQK B/ B[ZeV BkNeK okjhI gkoNh dk gquko
eoBk ;h, T[;B{z wzu nfXnkgek oZy fbnk. o{; d/ fJBebkp tk;s/ wzu dk jfEnko
ekw:kp j'fJnk ;h, Bk}hnK dh wZdd d/;h ftd/;h XBtkB eo oj/ ;B, efwT{fB;N T[BQK d/
gqkg/rzv/ dk w[ekpbk gq?;, o/vhU okjhI BjhI eo ;ed/ ;B, B[ZeV BkNe ekoro j' ;edk ;h,
g[b; B/ ;N/N B[z ;{uBk G/ih,
**fJj B"NzehJ/ fdB' fdB GothnK GhVK fyZu oj/ B/. fJBQK d/ BkNe GkFDK Bkb'I
tXhe X{j gkT[Id/ jB. fJBQK fto[ZX ;oeko B{z e[M eoBk gt/rk BjhI sK HHH.**
cb;o{g B[ZeV BkNeK fto[ZX n?eN gk; j' frnk frnk. gkoNh tk;s/ d'ok jo fdZsh
f}zw/tkoh fBGk ojh ;h go fJe ekwo/v B/ fNZgDh fdZsh, **fdb'I BjhI fJj ;kv/ Bkb.**
noE Fk;soh b[Z} bk;e, d'ok d/ ewo/ ftu Bt/I ekwo/v ozro{NK B{z gVQkT[D
nkfJnk eodk ;h. fJj Bk;se :j{dh d'ok s'I gzi ;kb S'Nk ;h. uzrk gVQ e/ th B"eoh
Bk fwbh sK wK dh gq/oBk ;dek efwT{fB;NK tk;s/ ezw eoB bZr fgnk. T[j ;[jDk
f;jstzd i[nkB ;h. T[;dk ;[Gkn FKs, d{odoFh, podkFs eoB tkbk ;h, d'ok s'I fGzB.
d'ok s'I fes/ tXhe gfVQnk fbfynk. co?Iu ns/ nzro/}h ;w/s fJj iowB w[ zvk :{BkBh s/
bkshBh GkFktK gVQ b?Idk ;h. gfjbK gzi ;kb T[;B/ ekB{zB gfVQnk go 1925 ftu dk;
e?ghNk gVQe/ noE Fk;so ftu dkybk b? fbnk, ;kb 1930 ftu T[;B/ pokwdK dk N?e;
feskp SgtkJh, y[Fjkb gfotko dk w[ zvk ;h fJj. fgsk vkeNo ;h s/ :j{dh wK poNk
bk;e ftdtkB, ebkeko, FkfJo, gZeh efwT{fB;N. d' p//N/ d' p/NhnK dh wK. d'ok fJ;/ xo
ftu ;kwkB b? nkJh s/ bZ[} Bkb wkoe;h ;kfjs tzvDk F[o{ eo fdZsk. b[Z} dk iBw 1903
ftu j'fJnk. d'ok fJeZbsk wfj;{; eoB bZrh ;h. fJj tZvk xo pZu/ pZuhnK Bkb Gfonk
o"DeK tkbk ;h.
iowBh p/o[}rkoh s/ rohph Bkb x[b fojk ;h, nzdk}/ ;B fe fveN/NofFg bkr{ j'
;edh j?, ft;c'N j' ;ed/ jB, f;tb-tko bZr ;edh j?, go nfijk e[M BjhI j'fJnk.
u'DK j'JhnK, ;'Fb v?w'eo?N jko rJ/, Bk}hnK jZE gkobhw?IN nk rJh. ;kwh b'e fjNbo s'I
84

G?Ghs ;B. :j{dhnK ftu p/u?Bh ;h. nwohek dh :{Bhtof;Nh s'I nfXnkge ti'I B"eoh dk
gZso gqkgs eoe/ nkJhB;NhB B/ nkgDh gsBh B{z w[;eoKfdnK fejk, **fJe tkoh fXnkB Bkb
d/y b? nkgDk fJj iowBh tkbk xo.** gsBh B/ g[ZfSnk - feT[I< nkJhB;NhB B/ T[so
fdZsk - FkfJd edh c/o d/y Jh Bk ;ehJ/.
d'ok fBFfuzs ojh. jo/e :j{dh B{z ns/ efwT{fB;N B{z wk;e uzdk d/Dk g?Idk ;h.
d'ok B/ :j{dhnK B{z uzdk d/Dk pzd eo fdZsk, T[j d' Gko BjhI T[mk ;edh ;h. fpBK
Xkofwe o;wK d/ T[;B/ b[Z} Bkb ftnkj eotk fbnk. ofi;Noko B/ fbfynk - **noE-
Fk;soh b[Z} ns/ ozr-eowh d'ok dk ftnkj doi j'fJnk, 30 i{B 1932 **
28 cotoh 1933 B{z iowB gkobhw?_N dh fJwkos ftu Xwkek j'fJnk s/ nZr dhnK
bgNK T[mhnK. BkiahnK B/ ekwo/vK fto[ZX d';aa E'g fdsk - T[BQK dh eos{s j?. fjNbo B/
g[bh; c'o; d/ w[yh B{z FFehfonk- j[D n;h_ dZ;Kr/ n;h_ eh jK. fijVk ;kv/ okj ftu
nkJ/ tZY fdT[. efwT{fB;NK B{z ckj/ bk fdT[ s/ fJBQK d/ jwdodK B{z i/bQk ftu ;[ZN'.
g[fb; ca’''o; dk Bkw r?;Nkg' oZy fdZsk. n?woi?_;h bkr{ j' rJh. d'ok oks' oks ngokXD j'
rJh. frqcskohnK, w[ Zedfwnk dh e''Jh b'V Bjh_, g[b; B{z fi;s/ ;aZe j't/, cV/ s/ r'bh
wko/. Gkoh frDsh ftu cV cV b'e wko/ ikD bZr/. GhVK fJeZmhnK j[zdhnK, gfjbh ;z;ko
izr ftu wkfonk ikD tkbk rhs fco n;wkB tZb T[mD bZrk- ";kvk fdqV ft;atk;.
jko/rk coK;. "
jiakoK efwT{fB;N, ebkeko, b/ye, f;tb nc;o, f;nk;h B/sk ns/ :j{dh, iowBh SZv e/
GZiD bZr/, ni/ pkovo ;hb Bjh j'fJnk ;h. pj[s ;ko/ dV tND bZr/, ;akfJd fJj MZyV
pzd j' Jh ikt/. b[ia ns/ d'ok B/ c?;bk ehsk- fJE/ ojKr/ s/ bVKr/. wkou 23, 1933 B{z
b[ia cV fbnk frnk. fJbiakw ;h- efwT{fB;N ;kfjs tzvdk j?. uko fdB T[; B{z s;hj/
fds/ rJ/ fe j'o pzfdnK d/ Bkw b?. T[;B/ p[ZbQ Bk y'b/Q. xo dh sbk;ah d""okB g[fb; B/
ysoBke rZdko ;wZroh cVh. S'Nk Gok th cV fbnk. e[M jcfsnK pkd id'I d/fynk fe
rzGho ngokX sK j? Bjh_, fojkn eo fds/. fojkJh pkd fJBQK B/ o{; ftu ikD dk c?;bk
ehsk. 55 ;kb dh poNk B{z fJe wjhBk mkD/ ftu oZye/ SZv fdsk.d'jK B{z fi; rZb dk
vo ;h T[j' j'Jh, ekcek dhnK vkfJohnK ns/ ouBktK g[b; b? rJh. d'ok B{z gkrbgD
d/ d"o/ g?_d/ . fJj ;kfjs T[;B/ b[ek e/ oZfynk ;h, w?e; po'd B{z th Bjh_ dZf;nk ;h, dZ;
fdzdh, pu iKdk, po'd B/ T[; s'' wzfrnk th, T[j M{m p'bh rJh fe w/o/ e'b e[M Bjh_.
j[D d' o;s/ pu/, fJe sK ;dk bJh u[g eo ikt/. fe;/ B{z gsk Bk bZr/ fe d'ok e'b e[M
j? ;h.go fco fJj ;kfjs ;dk bJh B;aN j' ikt/rk. d{ik fJj fe dZ; d/t/, fco puD
dh ;zGktBk j?. fJ; B/ d{ik okj u[fDnK. po'd B[z r[gs yas ftu fbfynk- w?_ M{m p'bh
rJh, ekcek ;kfjs j? ;h w/o/ e'b, g[b; b? rJh, puk ;ed?I sK puk b?.
po''d s[os ;akfJo j'cw?B e'b frnk i' pofbB ftu gokr tb'_ okid{s ;h. T[;B/
r?;Nkg' Bkb ;zgoe eoe/ ekcek dhnK fbysK wzrhnK. r?;Nkg' s'I itkp fwfbnk- ;?_eV/
wD ekria cV/ jB. Y/o bkJh iKd/ jK. e"D bZG/rk fJ; gjkV ftu'I ekcek B{z < uko
;kb pkd iowB nypko ftu po'd B/ bzw/ b/y okjh_ ekcek ;kfjs GkbD dh nghb ehsh.
T[;B/ fJ; b/y ftu d'ok dk e'Jh fiaeo Bjh_ ehsk. d[yh n"os B{z ;aofwzdrh Bjh_ d/Dh
ukj[zdk ;h.
;N/N B/ n?bkB eo fdsk- :j{dhnK dhnK d[ekBk ftu' ;kwkB Bjh yohdDk, :j{dh
nca;oK, iZiK, i/b ;[govzNK nkfde ;ko/ w[bkiaawk s' n;shca/ b? bJ/. :j{dh pZu/ ;e{bK ftu'
eZY fds/. fiBQK B/ ghn?u avh y'i ekoi eo bJ/, c?;bk j'fJnk T[BQK B{z fvrohnK Bjh_
d/DhnK. ;kb 1925 d/ ngq?b wjhB/ GhV xNkT{ n?eN gk; j'D T[gozs fJj' e[M
j'fJnk.d; wJh B{z r'pbia (fjNbo dk gqkg/orzvk wzsoh) B/ n?bkB eo fdsk- efwT{fB;NK,
85

:j{dhnK, r?o nkohnK ns/ ftd/;ahnK d/ rzd s' puk e/ iowB B{z gftso eoBk j?.
T[s;akjh Bkiah ;?fBe fubk oj/ ;B- wkoe; B{z ;kV', cokfJv B{z ;kV'. bkfJpo/ohnK ftu'
nkJhB;NhB, i?e bzvB, j?bB e?bo, wkorq/N ;zro ns/ n?u aih a t?bia dhnK feskpK dh
b'jVh d[nkb/ Bku ehsk. ekcek ;kfjs pu frnk feT[_fe fJBQK B{z T[; pko/ gsk Bjh_ ;h
e"D j?. j?Bfoe jhB B{z ekcek pj[s g;zd eodk ;h, T/[; B/ fbfynk ;h- feskpK c{eD
tkb/ E'VQh d/o pkd pzfdnK B{z c{eD bZr iKd/ jB. jhB dhnK feskpK ;kV fdshnK
rJhnK. d'ok fJBQK fdBk ftu roGtsh ;h. d'ok ns/ b[ia xo pdb pdb e/ S[gd/ S[gKd/
fdBeNh eo oj/ ;B. fJe :j{dh s/ Bkb fco efwT{fB;N, puD dh eh ;zGktBk < nr;s
8 dh oks o/v j'fJnk, b[Zia B{z b? rJ/. eZgfVnK dk fBZek nN?uh Bkb fbikD fdsk. E[M
fdBk pkd nX-ifbnk nN?uh d/ rJ/. fJ; ftu y{B Bkb fbpVh fBZeo fwbh, wko fdsk <
FkfJd.
1 wkou 1934 B{z d'ok B/ f;jstzd s/ ;[DZyh Xh B{z iBw fdZsk. edh edh ;[B/jk
fwbdk, b[Zia fiT[_dk j?. T[;B/ g[b; uhc B{z gZso fbfynk, fJ; iiapksh gZso ftu nghb
ehsh rJh ;h fe fBod';a b[ia T[go efjo Ykj[D/ mhe Bjh_. nZm wjhfBnK pkd T[j xo
gos nkfJnk, eokwks s' xZN Bjh_ ;h. T[;B/ nkgD/ ;kEh r'bh dk f;aeko j[zd/ nZyh_I d/y/
;B. T[;B/ dZf;nk- w?B{z i/b ;[govzN B/ p[bk e/ fejk- s/oh iaBkBh d/ fJ; yas eoe/ s/o/
T[go so; nk frnk toBkHHH.
gfotko B/ ;bkj ehsh fe wiad{oK d/ ;[or, o{; ftu ikfJnk ikt/. ;G s'
gfjbK poNk wK g[Zih. jkbK fe djkfenK s' T[j efwT{fB;N bhvo ojh ;h, wk;e' B/
T[;d/ fgS''eV pko/ ikDekoh bJh s/ ofjD dh nkfrnk fwbD ftu ;kb bZrk. uko
wjhfBnK pkd b[Zia B{z o{; nkAT[D dh nkfrnk fwb rJh. T[j 28 cotoh 1935 d/ fdB o{;
g[Zi frnk. wK B{z bkfJpo/oh ;jkfJe dh s/ b[Zia B{z wkoe;-J/_ibia-b?fBB ftfdnkb/ ftu
i{Bhno nekdfwe ;jkfJe oZy fbnk. d'ok B/ th noiah gk fdsh. ;'funk eodh - o{;
ftu ike/ fco ozrwzu s/ ezw eoKrh. T[E/ :j{dh vokwk ni/ th jowB fgnkok ;h.
;wkitkd, ;KM/ bzro, ;KMh iawhB, pokpoh d/ jZe, w[cs fJbki, w[cs ftZfdnk,
tXhnk sBykjK, d{o'' d{o'' pV/ ;[jktD/ fdq;a ;B. fJBQK wk;{wk B{z eh gsk ;h fe 1934 d/
nyho ftu ;NkfbB o{; ftu T[jh e[M eo/rk i' fjNbo iowBh ftu eo fojk ;h.
fjNbo B/ nkgD/ Bkiah ;kEh s/ d';s gkoNh B{z gftso eoB tk;s/ r'bhnK Bkb G[zB fds/
;B. fJt/_ ;NkfbB iowBh B{z esbK okjh_ gftso eo fojk ;h. fjNbo B/ 60 bZy :j[{dh
wko/. o{;h ;o iawhB B{z jo soK d/ ebfgs f;nk;h pkrhnK B{z T[Bh jh p/ofjwh Bkb
fjNbo s'_ tXhe frDsh ftu ;NkfbB B/ wkfonk. fJ; B{z gkoNh dh ;ckfJnk w[fjzw
(purges) fejk frnk.
d'ok, w/ohnkBh Xh Bkb ;zs[;aN ;h. ;szpo 15 B{z :j[{dhnK fto[ZX fJe j'o ekB{B
gk; j'fJnk, T[BQK s'_ Bkrfoesk y'j bJh, fJj iowBk Bkb ftnkj Bjh_ eotkT[Dr/, j'o
;wkie ;pzX Bjh_ ofjDr/. i/ e''Jh :j{dh Xow pdb e/ Jh;kJh j'Dk ukj/, nkfrnk Bjh_.
fJ; xZb{xko/ d/ fJfsjk;eko b{;h dkd'ftu B/ fbfynk- fijVk :j[{dh j?, T[j :j{dh j?,
:j{dh j?, :j{dh j?, wko'. BkiahnK dk fJj'_ fJe Bknok ;h.
d'ok d/ ;j[o/ vk a i?ep;B bk;e B{z o{;'I ;Zdk nk frnk s/ gZso ftu fbfynk
;h fe d'ok ns/ T[;dh Xh th T[; Bkb nk ;ed/ jB. o;wh gqtkBrhnK c/o fwb
ikDrhnK. d'ok B/ nN?uh e/; ftu ;kwkB gk fbnk. ekcek dhnK feskpK ns/ tkb tkj[D
tkbk ;[Bfjoh p[o;a. ekcek dh fBZih fB;akBh p; fJj' puh ;h fJe. s[oB s' gfjbK uzr/
j'Nb ftu d';sK Bkb y[;a y[;a ykDk ykXk, ;[yh ;co tk;s/ :j{dh gqkoEBk ehsh, f:fd;a
p'bh ftu o;wh :j{dh rhs rkJ/, Boe, ;[or pD frnk, E'VQh d/o bJh.
eth ;N?Bf;b nrb/ fdB o/bt/ ;N/;aB s/ fJBQK B{z ftdk eoB frnk. Xh d' ;kb
dh j' rJh ;h. d'ok dh w[ Zmh ftu fizB/ uKdh d/ f;Ze/ nkJ/, ;N?Bf;b B{z fdzfdnK fejk-
86

S'fNnK B{z fdnk jh eod/ B/ tZv/. r?;Nkg' w[bkiawk B/ T[BQK B{z iKfdnK d/fynk, EkD/ ftu
fog'oN doi eotkJh- nZi 11-2-1936 B{z bk;e gfotko wk;e' bJh otkBk j'fJnk. iowB
SZv e/ ;'thns p'b;afteK dh B"eoh eoBh rZdkoh j?.
d' fdB d' oks ;co w[ek e/ ekotK wk;e' g[Zik. Ii[nkBh ftu vk, bk;e J/Bk
o[fMnk ofjzdk ;h fe pZfunK tb fXnkB Bk fdzdk. BkiahnK B/ T[; B{z fJzBK ftjbk eo
fdsk fe g'sh Bkb y/vdk ofjzdk. g'sh B{z nkgD/ fgsk dk e[ZM gsk Bjh_ ;h.
d'ok B{z wk;e' ;[cfBnK dk ;afjo bZfrnk, s[oh iKdh B/ fjpo{ nZyoK ftu fb;aedk
gfVQnk- :j{dh ekfwnK dk fEJ/No, gfjbh tko nkgD/ :j{dh j'D T[go wkD j'fJnk, j? fJe
EK fiE/ :j{dh th ;fseko :'r jB. wk;e' ftu BthBsk nk ojh ;h, w?No' o/b uZb gJh
;h, BthnK eb'BhnK nkpkd j' ojh_nK ;B. d'ok d/ d';s nkJ/ s/ :j{dh o{;h n?eNo
vkfJo?eNo ;[b/wkB fwykJhb B{z fezr bhno dk o'b eodhnK fdykT[D tk;s/ ;N/N :j{dh
fEJ/No b? rJ/. fJj oks T[;B{z edh Bk G[Zbh. ;[b/wkB dh ndkekoh sK ;h jh f;yobh,
pkeh ;kok e[M th ;akBdko ;h.
eJh ;kb pkd ;N/B;b d/ f:Zdh o;kb/ tk;s/ T[;B/ fbfynk- ghb/, fpwko, ngokXh
iowB ftu'I fBeb e/ fJ; fEJ/No d/ b'e fej' fij/ bZr/, dZ; Bjh_ j[zdk, fjpo{ nZyo d/y
d/y w?_ oZidh BK, d[nk eodh, o{; ;[yh tZ;/. bzwhnK eskoK ftu ty ty p'bhnK, ty ty
B;bK d/ b'e fNeN yohdD bJh yb's/, mzY s'' puD bJh edh edh ;fji/ ;fji/ e[dD
brd/, fezr bhno dk :j{dh BkfJe d/yD bJh ssgo.nZi fijVk fJ; dk BkfJe j?, T[;/
;[b/wkB B/ 1920 ftu fJ; fEJ/No dh T[;koh ehsh ;h. s[jkvh ebgDk fizBh woiah tZvh j?,
s[;h fJ; dh ;[zdosk sZe fynkbK fynkbK ftu Bjh_ g[Zi ;ed/. vokwk fej' fijk bZrk,
Bjh fbyKrh, d[BhnK Go d/ nkoN efofNe fby sK u[e/ jB. ysw j'D s/ b'e ;[b/wkB
d/ d[nkb/ fJTA[ uZeo eZND bZr/ fit/_ x[ZrhnK r/V/ eZYdhnK j'D. ;[b/wkB B{z fgnko eoB'
jfNnk Jh Bh_' iKdk.
o{;h Bkrfoesk b?D tk;s/ T[;B/ ckow Gfonk, jo sZE ;jh. fbfynk fe S/ ;kb s'I
iowB ftu ekwo/vK dh bhvo ojh jK. nfXekohnK B/ fejk- iowB ofjzd/ T[BQK ekwo/vK d/
Bkw dZ;' fijV/ s[jkv/ sZEkI d/ ;jh j'D dh g[FNh eoB. d'ok B/ fejk- ekwo/v o';ahbv, go
T[j j[D i/bQ ftu j?.
Xh w/ohnkBk B{z s/ia p[yko j' frnk, fJe tko sK puD dh nk; Bjh_ ;h ojh.
j;gskb dkyb eotkJh.dtkJhnK Bjh_ ;B. w??bhnK ukdoK s/ rzd/ ezpb, ukdoK jcs/ ftu
fJe tko X'DhnK, ezpb edh th Bjh_.;[eh T[bNh y[ou e/ T[sko fdzd/ B/.ihB bhnkB B/
fbfynk ;h- ;wkitkd ftu feT[fe ;ko/ pokpo jB, s[;h_ ;kc ukdo, ;kc ezpb xo'_
j;gskb Bjh_ fbnk ;ed/. Gkoh wFhBoh yohdh ik ojh_ j?, tvh frDsh ftu f;nk;h esb
j' oj/ jB, j;gskbK tb fXnkB d/D dh c[o;s fe;B{z j?, g?;/ feE/ jB?
y[chnk g[b; nc;o B/ g[ZfSnk- T[bk Bkw dh n"os B{z ikDdh j?I ? d'ok B/ ;kps
eoBk ;h fe o{; dh gftso Xosh T[go e'Jh sZE Bjh_ S[gkJ/rh, fejk- jK, T[j w/o/ Bkb
fEJ/No eodh ojh j?. nc;o B/ dZf;nk- s[jkB{z gs? T[j vpb fvT{Nh eodh ojh? fJXo
o{; ftu gBkj b? bJh s/ ezw BkiahnK e'b w[ypoh dk eodh ojh, T[; dk w[ zvk s/oh Xh
fivk e[ j?. T[;d/ gsh p?eo B{z fJE/ rZdkoh d/ d';a nXhB d; ;kb dh ;iak fwbh j?.
30 i{B 1935, d'ok d/ fdT[o noB?;N dh bk;a wk;e' j;gskb d/ fJe w/i T[go
gJh fwbh, ;ko/ gfotko ftu ;G s'_ db/o i[nkB ;h fJj. fJ; dh w"s d/ ekoB dk fe;/
B{z gsk Bk bZrk, wK poNk d[y s'_ okjs gkT[D tk;s/ fbyD bZr gJh.
wk;e' ftu gpfbe w[eZdfwnK dhnK ypoK row ;B, fet/_ g[okD/ fJBebkph jho',
iahB'tht s/ ekwhBht s'_ rZdkoh eoB d/ fJepkbhnk fpnkB eotkJ/ rJ/ s/ fco r'bhnK
dkrhnK rJhnK, T[BQK fgS'_ 60 ioB?bK s/ gkoNh bhvoK B{z ;ao/nkw fJ;/ soK wkfonk frnk.
ekwo/v fBe'bkJh p[ykoB, b?fBB ns/ sk;eh s'_ pkd gkoNh dk ;G s'_ S'Nh T[wo dk fuzse
;h. b?fBB T[;B{z gkoNh dk e'fjB{o fejk eodk ;h. ;kb 1938 ftu ;NkfbB d[nkok u"E/
87

ns/ nkyoh pdBkw wk;e' w[eZdw/ ftu fit/_ iabhb eoe/ wkfonk, gV e/ eKpk fSV iKdk
j?. fJe o{;h d{i/ Bkb rZb eoe/ ;fjwdk ;h, eh gsk e"D e/ihph dk J/izN j't/?
;iak eZN oj/ p?eZo B{z r'bh Bkb c[ zv fdsk frnk. d'ok, p?eo ns/ fJ; dh gsBh
B{z ikDdh ;h, fJj' seVk ngokX pDdk ;h.
iowB ;oeko B/ fpwko :j{dh fdwkr dhnK feoskI nky e/ ekcek d/ ;kfjs
T[go gkpzdh bk fdsh, wk;e' ftu fJNkbhnB ekwo/v fbBkoh ofjzdk ;h fijVk ekcek dk
gkme ;h, w;'bhBh d/ s;hjk e/_do ftu T[;dhnK d't/_ bZskI ns/ fJe jZE eZN fdsk frnk
;h. d'ok B/ T[; B{z g[ZfSnk- eh o{;hnK tk;s/ ekcek d/ nB[tkd tXhnk ofjDr/ ? fbBkoh
B/ jK ftu f;o fjbkfJnk- :ehBB, T[j pj[s tZvk pzdk ;h.
d'ok dh xpokjN tZX ojh ;h, e[M ;w/_ pkd T[; dh ikD gSkD dk pzdk iK
frqcsko eo fbnk iKdk iK wo/ dh ypo ;[Ddh. ftd/;h ekwo/vK T[go eoVh fBrkj ;h.
1 wkou B{z w/ohnkBk dk shik iBw fdB wBkfJnk frnk. d'ok B/ fXnkB Bkb
d/fynk, w/ohnkBk ekcek torh pDdh ik ojh_ ;h, T[t/_ v[{zxhnK rZbQkI, T[j' fijhnK nZyK.
gsbk fi;w feT[_ j?, N?;N eotkJ/ rJ/ sK sgfde d/ bZSD fBeb/ . f;o d/ tkb MVB
bZr/. vkeNo BkIj ftu f;o fjbkD bZr/ HHH o{; ftu fJbki Bjh_. o{; ftu'_ pkjo fbik e/
fJbki eotkT[D dh nkfrnk Bjh_ fwb/rh, d'ok ikDdh ;h, skI th T[; B/ ;ftNiaob?_v ikD
tk;s/ noiah gk fdsh, d'ok B{z :ehB j' frnk, nkfrnk fwb/rh, Xh pu/rh. fJe w[;aeb
j'o, i/ o{; B/ ikD dh nkfrnk d/ fdsh sK ;ft; thiak fet/ fwb/rk ? d'ok B/ fJe
ubkeh y/vh j'Jh ;h, o{;h gk;g'oN b?e/ iowB gk;g'oN iwQk eotkT[Dk j[zdk j?. T[;B/ Bjh
eotkfJnk ;h, fJ; dh ;ik r'bh j?. j't/ r'bh dh ;iak. sK eh.
d'ok dh T[j noiah oZd j' rJh fijVh T[;B/ efwT{fB;N gkoNh nkc o;ahnk dh
w?_pof;ag bJh gkJh ;h- fJ; dk fgS'eV ;aZeh j?. fpBk gkoNh w?_pof;ag ftd/;ah pzd/ bJh
ihDk n"yk ezw ;h. d'ok dh T[; noiah dk e'Jh itkp Bjh_ nkfJnk i' T[;B/ o{; SZvD dh
nkfrnk bJh G/ih ;h.
gsh bZ[ia B{z frqcsko eo fbnk frnk, fe;/ rbs pzd/ Bkb ;pzXK dk gsk bZrk
;h, d'ok B/ fbBkoh B{z ekcek dhnK feskpK fdshnK ;B, T[; B{z th frqcsko eoe/ nDdZ;h
EK b? rJ/. d'ok d/ jZe ftu sK fe;/ B/ eh rZb eoBh ;h, d'ok dh rZb e'Jh ;[DB bJh
fsnko Bjh_ ;h. e[M ;kfjs Bkiah b? rJ/, pkeh pudk o{;h. c?;bk ;h sK ysoBke go
d'ok c?;b/ b? ;edh ;h. T[;B/ rqfj wzsokb/ B{z gZso fbfynk- iowBh ftu ekcek ;kfjs
T[s/ gkpzdh j?. w?_ fbBkoh B{z T[j feskpK d/ fdshnK fijVhnK ni/ SghnK Bjh_. ;kok ;z;ko
ikDdk j? fJj fbysK nDw'b jB, fbBkoh e'b'_ i' feskpK s[;h iaps ehshnK, w?B{z tkg;
eo fdT[ sK s[jkvh e/tb w?_ Bjh_ d[BhnK Fa[eor[ikao j't/rh. d'ok B{z Bk ys dk itkp
fwfbnk Bk feskpK. w/ohnkBk nk; s'_ T[bN u"Ek iBw fdB wBkD sZe ihth rJh, tkb w[V
T[rD/ ;a[o{ j' rJ/. 26 wJh B{Pz o;wh s"o s/ b[Zia T[go i;{;h eoB dk d';a bZr frnk,
wjhfBnK sZe T[; dh wK poNk B{z th gsk Bk bZrk feE/ b? rJ/. b[Zia ;'udk fojk fe
ndkbs ftu ik e/ nkgD/ fBod';a j'D d/ ;p{s fdnKrk sK fojkJh j' ikt/rh. ndkbs
;kjwD/ g/;ah Bjh_ j'Jh, g[b; wfjew/ B/ gzi ;kb pkw[;aed e?d dh ;iak ;[Dk fdsh, g{oph
;kfJp/ohnk G/i fdsk frnk. d'ok B/ w[V T[;dh ;aeb edh Bjh_ d/yh.
1938 ftu Xh ;w/s d'ok o{; ftu'_ GZi fBebD ftu fet/_ ekw:kp j'Jh, fJ; G/d
dk fe;/ B{z gsk Bjh_. p; J/Bk iao{o j?, T[; B/ T[j eo fdsk i' j' Bjh_ ;edk, gktb
fbydk j? " pZuh B{z okiah eo b?Dk uwseko j?, fJ;s'_ th tZvk uwseko j? g'fb;a e[Vh,
e?dh dh gsBh dk ;NkfbB dh b'j-ezX NZg e/ fBeb ikDk, fJBQK B[{z sk;eh d/ w[ohd
nkye/ r'bh dkrDh ;h s/ p; ezw cfsj. i' d'ok B/ ehsk T[j d'ok jh eo;edh ;h.
;NkfbBh nksze d/ f;aeko ftd/;ahnK T[go o/Bo pkoE tZvh nEkoNh j?, T[j
nzdkiak bkT[_dk j? fe fijV/ ftd/;ah o{; ftu'_ tkg; d/; ikDk ukj[zd/, ;oeko fJj tkndk b?
e/, fe T[E/ ik e/ o{; tk;s/ i;{;h eo'r/, G/i fds/ iKd/ ;B, feT[_fe ftd/;ak ftu J/izNK dh
xkN ;h. fJ; B{z i;{;h eoBk Bjh_, gkoNh d/ yk; ezw eoBk fejk iKdk ;h, nkgDh Xh
88

B{z pukT[D tk;s/ T[j nfijk eo ;edh ;h. fiBQK d/ gsh e?d j' iKd/ ;B, T[BK dhnK
gsBhnK ns/ pZu/ ik sK G[Zy Bkb wo iKd/ ;B iK ;NkfbB dh ;oeko iowB r?;Nkg' B{z
;"Ig fdzdh, T[j wko fdzd/. go d'ok d/ e/; ftu fJj ;G nzdkia/ jB, gek gsk fe;/ B{z
Bjh_ eh j'fJnk.
;Nhwo okjh_ ekbk ;kro gko eoe/ fJ;szp{b g[Zih. fco o/b okjh_ p[brkohnk,
:{r';bkthnk s'_ fJNbh j[zdh j'Jh ;ft; pkovo b[rkB' s/ g[Zih, ;ftNiaob?_v B/ T[; B{z
pkovo gko eoB dh nkfrnk Bk fdZsh. fJE'_ T[;B/ jkb?_v ikD dk c?;bk ehsk fiE/ BDd
BDd'Jhnk ofjzd/ ;B. fJ; ;co dk youk feE'_ nkfJnk, e'Jh Bjh_ ikDdk. o{E bk;e
nkgDh GoikJh ns/ Gshih B{z d/ye/ p/nzs y[;a j'Jh. Gshih sK gfjbh tko d/yh, T[;d/
iBw s'_ gfjb'_ fJj iowBh SZv u[Zeh ;h, d'ok B/ S'N/ Gok d/ esb ns/ gsh B{z e?d dhnK
T[dk; ypoK fdshnK, o{E B/ fejk- w?Bz{ sK brdk ;h w?_ j[D fe;/ B{z edh Bjh_ d/y ;eKrh
go d/y sz{ nk rJh. Gshih nk rJh.
d'ok B/ fejk- i/ Xh dk fJE/ fJbki Bk j'fJnk c/o w?_ fJjB{z fJzrb?_v b? iktkIrh.
d[BhnK d/ ;G s'_ tXhnk vkeNo T[E/ B/. o{E B/ fejk- jK, bzvB d/ g{op ftu :j{dh
p;shnK B/, T[E/ T[iV/ b'eK tk;s/ okjs e?_g th B/.iowB XwehnK d/ fojk ;h, d'ok ;'uD
bZrh i/ fJzrb?_v fto[ZX iowBh B/ :[ZX S/V fdZsk, fco pkovo ;hb j' ikt/rk, fco w?_ fet/_
ik ;eKrh ? fco sK fJE/ c; iktKrh. e[ZM fdB nkokw eoe/ d'ok Xh ;w/s bzdB tZb
otkBk j' rJh. uko xzfNnK dk ;wz[doh ;co w[eke/ pkovo g[Zih sK dkyb/ s'_ fJBeko .
fJzrb?_v fJe iowB B{z feT[_ tVB d/t/? tkg; BDd d/ xo gos nkJh.
id'_ u?e';btkehnk T[go iowBh B/ jwbk eo fdsk, w?e;po'd sb-ntht B{z ikD
tkb/ ;w[zdoh ijki ftu p?m frnk. T[;d/ jZE ftu fJe nN?uh e/; ;h fi; ftu ekcek
dhnK nDSghnK fbyskI ;B. u?e';btkehnk pkovo s'I s[oB tkbk fJj nkyoh ijkia ;h.
;kb 1937 ftu po'd B/ ekcek dh ihtBh SgtkJh ;h i' d'ok B/ Bjh_ gVQh ;h. j[D :'og
nke/ gVQh. fJe nfXnkJ/ sK j? jh d'ok T[go. T[j sK po'd B{z ;wM jh Bjh_ ;eh. bV
g?_dh ;h, M{m p'be/ ekcek dhnK fbysK ikfJnk eohnK, w?e; B{z d/ fdzdh. po'd tk;s/
ekcek ns/ d'ok fJe' uhia d/ d' Bkw jB. fJe tke- ;?B/N'ohnw ftu'_ thnkBk fJbki tk;s/
fpwko ekcek bJh fijVh N?e;h fwbh T[; dh SZs Bjh_ ;h, wh_j g? fojk ;h, MZyV V[Zb
fojk ;h, fes/ mzY Bk bZr ikt/, y[ZbQh ihg ftu nkg d'ok yVh j' rJh, nkgD/ fgS/ ekcek
B{z fpmk fdsk, e[M e[ jtk sk o[e/. gVQe/ o' gJh.
po'd B/ fby fdsk ;h fe id'_ T[j ekcek B{z gfjbh tko fwbh, 19 ;kb dh ;h,
don;b T[j T[d'_ 25 ;kb dh ;h, po'd B/ 6 ;kb eZN fds/. d'ok B/ th nkgDh T[wo
ftu'_ 6 ;kb eZN fds/. ;koh d[BhnK B/ po'd dh rZb ;jh_ wzB bJh.
gzi tko fJzrb?_v dh jZd s'_ fBok; tkg; gosh, fco T[;B/ nkyoh noih nkgDh
Xh dk tk;sk gk e/ fJj ehsh fe T[; dk fJe fo;as/dko j/r ftu ofjzdk j?. c'B eoe/
p[bk bT[. w?B{z Bk ikD feT[, w/oh fpwko Xh B{z sK fJbki tk;s/ b? ikt/. nc;o wzB
frnk. w/ohnkBk ubh rJh s/ d'ok tkg; gos nkJh, fszB j'o e'f;a;aK ehshnK, shih e'f;a;a
tes nkfrnk fwb rJh. d' wjhB/ dh nkoiah wBia{oh, wBia{oh j'o tXkT[D tk;s/ i[N rJh,
S/ wjhB/ j'o fwb/.
Xh ni/ ;co i'rh Bjh_ ;h, ewia'o ;h, go ypoK dZ; ojhnK ;B fe iowB, g'b?_v
T[go jwbk eoB tkbk j?. fit/_ th j't/, ibdh fBebhJ/. fpwko Xh ;w/s fJzrb?_v nzdo
bzx nkJh, fJe jcs/ pkd g'b?_v s/ jZbk j' frnk, ;z;ko :[ ZX ;a[o{, d[BhnK Go d/ pkovo
;hb, d'ok d/ fgsk jo;ab dkfJwzs dh 1938 ftu w"s j' rJh ;h, ;' gfotko d/ ;zeNK s'_
p/ypo y[;afe;ws fojk. gfjbk x/ok iowBk B/ d'ok d/ g/e/ p?dfiaB ;afjo B{z gkfJnk, tZvh
frDsh ftu :j{dh nkgD/ wzdo (f;B/rkr) ftu gqkoEBk eoB tk;s/ ub/ rJ/. ;szpo 9,
nZXh oks g?No'b d/ ghg/ gke/ nZr bk fdsh. ;G ;V e/ ;[nkj, nkb/ d[nkb/ d/ 50 xo
Bkb dh Bkb spkj, 27 jiako :j{dh fJ; ;afjo ftu t;d/ ;B. fJeZm/ eoe/ fJe e";b
pDk fdsh fi; d/ w[yh :j{dh pDkJ/, fejk frnk fe fe;/ dk B[e;kB Bjh_ eoKr/. ;G B{z
89

tkoh f;o ezw fdnKr/. p/;ae ezw iowB s;hjk e/_doK dh ;/tk eoB dk j't/rk go sBykj
fwb/rh s/ ikB pu/rh. eskoK ftu ybko e/ gfjb'_ i[nkB ;[DZy/ f;jswzd w[ zv/ e[VhnK B{z
u[fDnK iKdk s/ ezw s/ b? iKd/. d'ok dh 17 ;kbk G?D ;kok u[Dh rJh, ;kok dk w[V e/
gsk Bjh_ bZrk feXo rJh.
fJzrb?_v ftu ofjzd/ god/;hnK dhnK fb;Nk pDhnK, J/,aph,;h ebk;K ftu tzv/ rJ/,
J/ ebk; ysoBke d[;awD, Biaopzd eo', ph ebk; T[BQK d/ jwdod xZN ysoBke, g[b; B{z
dZ;/ pr?o fojkfJ;a s'_ gzi whb s'_ d{o Bk ikD, e?wok, d{ophB, Be;ak oZyD dh wBkjh, s/
;h ebk; b'e BkiahnK s'_ ghVs ;oDkoEh jB, B[e;kBdkfJe Bjh_, ofjD fdT[. iBtoh
1940 B{z d'ok B{z ph ebk; fwbh. d'ok dh BDd B/ 15 ng?b B{z nwohek ftu gBkj bJh.
iowB B/ fi; fdB jkb?_v s/ jZbk p'fbnk, gqXkB-wzsoh uwob/B B/ n;shck d/
fdsk, uoub B/ ewkB ;zGkb bJh, gkobhw?_N ftu ;tkb T[fmnk fe 70 jiako iowB
nk;NohnB oc{ihnK dk eh eohJ/? c?;bk j'fJnk fe 16 s'_ 60 ;kb d/ ph ebk; wod
oc{ihnK B{z ezfvnkbh sko nzdo oZy'. fJe ;K;d B/ fejk- n"osK B{z feT[_ Bjh_? n"osK
wodK s'_ tXhe ysoBke i;{; j[zdhnK jB. mhe j?, n"osK th Biaopzd, d'ok fJBQK ftu'_
fJe. nke;c'ov torh dfonk fdb :{Bhtof;Nh dk fpnkB Sfgnk, ;ko/ ftd/;ah w[;hps dh
iV jB, Biaopzd ehs/ ikD.
g[b; B/ d'ok dk dotkik yVekfJnk s/ uZbD dk fJ;akok ehsk. d'ok B/ cNkcN
Xh d/ eZgV/ nN?uh ftu s[zB/ s/ ekcek dk poZ;a go; ftu gke/ g[b; Bkb uZb gJh, T[soh
bzdB dh j'bt/ i/b ftu pzd eo fdshnK.
gfjb/ fdB ykD tk;s/ p; ukj ns/ fp;e[N fwb/. d'ok B/ Xh d/ r[od/ c/bQ j'D
dk vo dZ; e/ skiak gkDh ns/ ;piah wzrh, e'Jh n;o Bjh_. fjNbo ns/ ;NkfbB d/ efjo
s'_ pu e/ fJzrb?_v rJh d'ok Bkb fJj phsh. d' fdBk pkd pZ;K ftu bZd e/ e?dhnK B{z
fbtog{b fbikfJnk frnk, okj ftu yb's/ do;ae fJBQK B{z rkbK fdzd/, nzv/ ;[ZN e/
ngwkfBs eod/, d'ok ns/ Xh B{z ;hN Bjh_ fwbh, yb'shnK ;B fe fJe go/ p?mh n"os B/
ewi'o e[Vh B{z p[bkT[D dk fJ;akok ehsk, w/ohnkBk wK tZb Mkeh, wK B/ nkfrnk fdsh sK
p?mh n"os B/ r'd ftu fpmk bJh. fJ; phph dk Bkw i'jZBk ;h. d'ok fJ; B{z j?ZBh efj
e/ p[bkT[_dh. fJ; wkw{bh xNBk ;dek d'ok Bkb T[wo Go dh d';sh dk w[ ZY pZC frnk.
24 ;kbk j?Bh, rkT[_dh ;h, d' wjhB/ gfjbK :j{dh ;zrhseko gkb Bkb ftnkj j'fJnk ;h,
fbtog{b s'_ ijkia ftu ukVQ e/ fJBQK fszB jiko n"osK s/ pZfunK B{z nkJhb nkc w?B
Bkw d/ Nkg{ T[go T[sko fdZsk, fJzrb?_v, ;ekNb?_v ns/ nkfJob?_v ftueko 33r[Dk 12 tor
whb dk fJj Nkg{ nB/e ejkDhnK ftu fxfonk j'fJnk j?. edh fJj uzrh ;?orkj j[zdh
;h, nZi fJj i/bQ j?. j?Bh fJE/ B/V/ Biaopzd ;h, ne;o fwbD nkT[_dh. d'ok dh S/ ;kbk
Xh pko/ vkfJoh ftu fbfynk- w/ohnkBk iwkdo{ ebkeko j?. rzGhosk ns/ jk;o; T[; d/
j'mK s/ fwb/ i[b/ Eoed/ ofjzd/ jB, g{oh w"fbe ndkeko.
p?bihnw, Bkot/ ns/ coK; B/ iowBk nr/ jko wzB bJh. g?fo; dh b[ZN dk
ikfJek b?D bJh w;'bhBh dhnK fJNkbhnB c"iK nk tVhnK. g?fo; Xz{J/I dk gjkV brdk
;h, j?Bh ns/ d'ok ;t/o ;akw :j{dh gqkoEBktK eodhnK, fco fJe d{ih B{z g[SdhnK- i/
fJzrb?_v th jko frnk, c/o nkgDk eh pD{ ? poskBhnK dhnK e?dDk poskBhnK dh y?o
wzrdhnK. fJzrb?_v dh jko dk noE s;hjk e/_doHHH s;hjk e/_do dk noE r?; u?_poK ftu
ftnkge w"s.
j?Bh B/ ;wK bzxkT[D tk;s/ vkfJoh fbyDh ;a[o{ eo fdsh, fbfynk, d'ok ekcek j? HHH
sK ;G e[M j?.
d'ok dk c?;bk ;h fe o{; ns/ fJzrb?_v ftu fpskJh nT[X pko/ e[M Bjh_ dZ;/rh, e[M
Bjh_ fby/rh. j?Bh fbydh j?- ekcek B{z wfonK 16 ;kb j' rJ/ B/, fJj T[jdhnK rZbK
fJT[ eodh j? fit/_ T[j fiT[_dk j?, fit/_ T[j ;'udk ;h pzdk nfijk j'Dk ukjhdk j?, fJj
T[j' fijh pDBk ukj[zdh j?, i' ;jh j?, i' gftso j?, i' o{jkBh j?, T[; B{z fgnko eo,
fgnko ns/ w"s fJe' uhia d/ d' Bkw jB.
90

fJ; Nkg{ T[go nkbh;akB j'Nb ;B. fijV/ e?dhnK e'b g?;k ;h, T[jBk B{z ;G e[M
fwbdk, d'ok B/ fJe j'Nb ftu e[Ze ti'_ B"eoh eo bJh fi; Bkb uko g?;/ fwb iKd/,
Bkb/ Xh tk;s/ ;pih s/ cb b? nkT[_dh. Xh ni/ ewia'o ;h. fJe fdB T[BQK B{z fcbw
fdykJh rJh d ftiakov nkc Uia . ;G B{z uzrh bZrh. w/ohnkBk B/ fejk - BkfJek J/Bh
;[jDh j?, gohnK torh fe T[;d/ ehs/ rbs ezw th rbs Bjh_ brd/. fJe fdB j?Bh ns/
w/ohnkBk B/ fJ; fcbw ftubhnK e[VhnK d/ ;ztkd ezm eoe/ n?efNzr ehsh, ;G B{z
j;kfJnk, w/ohnkBk B/ fejk- j?Bh nKNh, fJ; fcbw ftubh u[V/b dh w"s w?B[z uzrh Bjh_
brdh, nkgK fJT[_ eod/ nK, nkgK fJjdk ;[Gkn pdb fdzB/ nK, fJj B/eh eoB bZr ikt/
sK pu ikt/rh, d'tK B/ u[V/b dk ;[Gkn pdb e/ T[; B{z pukfJnk. w/ohnkBk B/ u[V/b dk
o'b ehsk, B/eh eodh fBZeh u[V/b T[s/ e?dDk B/ c[bK dh pko;a eo fdsh. S/ ;kb dh
e[Vh dh ;zt/dBk d/y e/ j?Bh j?okB j' rJh.
e?dDk i/bQ d/ gqpzX dh nkb'uBk eodhnK sK d'ok nkydh- s[jkB{z gsk Bjh_ d[y eh
j[zd?. ;kohnK e?dDk :j{dh Bjh_ ;B, ekch iowB n"osK BkihanK dhnK jwdod ;B, BkiahnK
dh fiZs dh ypo ;[De/ y[;ah wBkT[_dhnK. d'ok B{z nkgD/ gsh, ;Z;, ;j[o/ dh e'Jh ypo Bjh_
;h, ekcek dhnK G?Dk fet/I jB, feE/ jB, gsk Bjh_, ;j[ok 77 ;kb dh T[wo/ s[o frnk
go fJ; dh ypo d'ok B{z nZi/ Bjh_ fwbh.
poskBhnK B{z bZrk fJj e?dh pVk tZvk Gko jB. e?B/vk B/ fejk- n;h_ pkok jiako
e?dh b?D tk;s/ fsnko jK. fJe d[oxNBk B/ ;G d/ dfjb gk fdsk. ijkia 600 e?dhnK
B[z e?B/vk bJh ik fojk ;h fe iowB skoghv' B/ c[zv fdsk, ;ko/ v[Zp rJ/.
d'ok B/ e?dDk ftu'_ ebkeko bZG bJ/. y[d BkNe dk fBod/;aB s/ n?efNzr eodh.
j?Bh dh ;[ohbh nktkia r[zidh. jo ;akw e'Jh Bk e'Jh wB'oziB nkJhNw y/vh iKdh. j?Bh B/
fbfynk- j[D w?_ ;kj b?D bZr gJh jK, j[D w/ok w[V s'_ fdb XVeD bZrk j?. fszB i[bkJh
ekcek dk iBw fdB ;h. d'ok B/ fejk- nZi fiT[_dk j[zdk sK 57 ;kb dk j' ikDk ;h.
nkT[ nZi nkgK T[; dk iBw fdB T[;/ soK wBkJhJ/ fit/_ T[j wBkfJnk eodk ;h, BkNe
y/vhJ/, eftsktK ;[DkJhJ//. Fa[p/no dk bkfJbe NkJhw fsnko eotkfJnk, d'ok B/ ;hrZb dk
rhs rkfJnk, w/ohnkBk B/ iowB rhs ;[DkfJnk fijVk wK s'_ ftSVh e[Vh rkT[_dh j?. ;o's/
n;a n;a eo T[m/. jo/e dhnK nZyk SbehnK. j?Bh fbydh j?- id' f:Zfd;a :j{dh rhs
rkT[_dh j?, ;ztkd p'bdh j?, T[d'I d'ok p/nzs ;[jDh brdh j?, T[j tk;st ftu d; ojh
j[zdh j? fe :j{dh ebuo ykw';a Bjh_ j'fJnk, :j{dh wo/ Bjh_. T[j ;kB{ pbtkB eo fdzdh.
T[;B{z r/N/ dk rhs uoyk esdh ro?uB :kd ;h, w?B{z coKia F[p/no dk ;[opX ehsk fJj
rhs rk e/ ;[DkfJnk, fco w?B{ fejk- gfjbk fby, fco gVQ, fJ; s'_ pkd rk, w? fJt/_ jh
ehsk sK gsk bZrk i[nkB e[Vh d/ fdb ftub/ Gkt fet/_ gqrN j[zd/ jB. fJj' d'ok B/
dZ;Dk ;h.
nZ;h fdBK ftu gzi d/; jko rJ/. nwohek u[g p?mk ;h, bVkJh ftu'_ go/ ofjD
dk c?;bk ;h, go j[D fJzrb?_v dh tkoh nk rJh. i{B ftu ok;aNogsh o{iat/bN dk fpnkB
nkfJnk- b'V gJ/ sK fJzrb?_v B{z T[Xko/ jfXnko d/ fdnKrk.
fJzrb?_v T[go i[bkJh d/ nZX ftu jtkJh jZb/ Fa[o{ j'J/. nr;s ftu Xwke/ d/;a d/
nzdo g[Zi rJ/. jo o'i 1500 pzpo s/ ckJhNo ekbh xNk tKr Sk iKd/. fJj T[j fdB
;B id'_ bzvB tork nkX[fBe ;fGnsk tkbk wjKBro T[ikV epfo;skB pD frnk ;h.
fJzrb?_v d/ ;ko/ tv/ ;afjoK dh spkjh j'Jh. nkw nctkj ;h fe iowB c"i fJ; Nkg{ ftu
nkJh fe nkJh. j?Bh ns/ w/ohnkBk ewia'o j' rJhnK, fJe wjhB/ ftu fJe fbckck fwbdk,
uko bkJhBK dh fuZmh G/ih ik ;edh ;h, d'ok dk e'Jh Bjh_ ;h ;' T[j nkgDk fbckck j?Bh
B{z d/ fdzdh sK fe d' ys fby ;e/. iBtoh 1941 B{z j?Bh dh fojkJh nk rJh. fJe ew/Nh
pDh fijVh e?dDk s'_ g[Sdh ;h- T[j :Z[X ftu eh ;/tk eo ;edhnK jB, i' ezw dh j[zdh,
fojkn eoe/ T[; s'_ ezw fbnk iKdk, ph ebk; tkb/ ;h ftu spdhb eo fds/ iKd/.
cotoh ftu e[b d; jiako oc{ih fojkn eo fds/, j?Bh dk gsh gkb th. wkou ftu j?Bh
91

B/ d'ok B{z yas fbfynk, ;[rksK G/ihnK, d'ok ;h ebk; ftu j' rJh go ni/ fojkJh dk
j[ew Bjh nkfJnk. id'_ fojkJh j'Jh, feE/ ikt/rh gsk Bjh_.
fojkJh j'Jh, v'oEh BK dh e[Vh i' tkJhNj?Zv dh fBrokBh ftu ghn?u avh eo ojh
;h B{z d'ok pko/ gsk bZfrnk. T[;B/ T[j bZG bJh. nkgD/ ewo/ ftu b? nkJh, fJe
ewok, fJe S'Nh o;'Jh. fJe b'j/ dk w/ia. id'I jtkJh jwb/ dk ;kfJoB tidk, fszB/
iDhnK w/ia j/m tV iKdhnK. pukT[ tk;s/ fJj' sohek dZf;nk frnk ;h. v'oEh fbydh j?w/ohnkBh
jw/Fk voh ofjzdh, id'_ e'Jh nkT[_dk, wK d/ fgS/ S[gh, fJe gkf;T[_ nkT[D tkb/ B{z
t/ydh.
fJe fdb v'oEh, w/ohnkBh B{z bzwh ;?o tk;s/ b? rJh. iKd/ iKd/ pZuh B/ fejknZi
w/o/ gfjb/ gkgk dk iBw fdB j?_. v'oEh ;wM rJh. d'tK B/ izrbh c[ Zb u[D/, fJe EK
r'b dkfJo/ ftu oZy e/ wZEk N/fenk, fJT[_ ekcek dk iBw fdB wBkfJnk.
d'ok bzvB ftu ;N?B;b B{z fwbh, T[jh_ eth fijVk T[;B{z o{; tkbh rZvh s/ ftdk
eoB nkfJnk ;h, T[j fJe nypko eZY fojk ;h. T[;B/ d'ok B{z dfZ;nk- w/o/ tk;s/ e/tb
d' pzd/ jB ;kfjs ftu, ekcek ns/ cbkp/no. w? Bh j'o fe;/ B{z ikDdk. w/o/ tk;s/ fJe'
p'bh fiT[_dh ikrdh j?, T[j j? f:fd;a. ;aBhtko B{z :j{dh wzdo ftu fJeZm/ j[zd/ . d'ok e[M
Bk e[M jw/;ak ;[DkT[_dh, ;o's/ T[; dh nktkia, T[; dk fJe fJe nZyo, noE, ghD tk;s/
gZEo tKr yb's/ j[zd/.
d'ok B/ eJh ezw ehs/. T[;B/ doih dh d[ekB y'bQ e/ T[; T[go ekw/ oZy/. d[ekB
y{p uZbh. g?;k ewk e/ j'Nb y'fbQnk, y[{p uZfbnk, T[j th fe;/ B{z t/u fdsk, ekoB g[fSnk
sK jZ; gJh- J/B/ g?;/ w? feE/ ;zGkbdh fcodh, nkg bzvB ftu ofjzdh, ezw eodh, Xh d{o
;e{b ftu dkyb eotk fdsh fiE/ jtkJh jwfbnK dk ysok Bjh_ ;h. 8 wJh 1945 B{z :[ ZX
ysw j'fJnk sK d'ok B/ ;ko/ ;e/ ;pzXhnK B{z ys fby e/ g[ZfSnk, mhe j'? e"D e"D pfunk
? fe;/ dk itkp Bjh_ nkfJnk, T[j vo rJh, w?e; po'd B{z sb-ntht sko gkJh, sko dk
itkp nk frnk, Fa[eo j?.
d'ok B{z ;Zdk fwfbnk fe f:Zfd;a p'bK ftu :j{dh vokwk d/yD nk. rJh. T[; B{z
ohthT[ fbyD tk;s/ fejk, BKj eo fdsh- fJE/ fe;/ B{z fJj fgnkoh ipkB Bjh_ nkT[_dh,
fwjBs eoe/ ;ztkd :kd ehs/ j'J/ jB. :j{dh o{j rkfJp j?. w? dZ;Krh f:fd;a fEJ/No eh
j[zdk ;h. 1946 ftu vkfJBk j?bgoB B/ bzvB ftu f:fd;a vokw/ y/v/ sK d'ok B/ fejk- fJj
j? ;jh j[Bo, ;jh o{j, fJj fiT[_dh oj/rh. skiah jtk dh wfje nkJh. HHH ;a/e;ghno dk
wou?_N nkc thfB; y/fvnk iKdk d/fynk. y{B ghDk :j{dh ;akJhbke d/fynk. w?B{z bZfrnk w/o/
eZgfVnK B{z fe;/ B/ nZr bk fdsh.fit/_ w? mZrh rJh, ngwkfBs j' rJh. ;a/e;ghno tork
;akfJo ;kvh tZyh ftu J/vh ;ys w[ Zeh wko frnk fe gZ;bhnK N[ZN rJhnK. fJ; ftu'_ nBzd
b? oj/ r?o:j{dhnK Bkb w?B{z Jhoyk j'Jh. S[ok, iayw, petk;, p/fJiashHHHH ;kok e[M :j{dhnK
fybkc, fJj j? ebk ebk bJh, p/;ae ;kB{z :'oghnB ej' ik ej' fe n;h :'og ftu x[b
fwb rJ/ jK go ;kvk fJj fJybke BjhI. :j{dh nkswk B{z f;ziD tkbh y[oke fJybke j?,
ebk Bjh_. fijVh ebk e[dosh fB:wK d/ fybkc j?, fizB/ woiah ozr Go', T[j j[Bo Bjh_
j[zdh. pj[s tXhe wzr Bjh_ w/oh, w? efjzdh jK, nkdwh, nkdwh sK pD/ xN' xZN. ;kvk
:jPdhnK dk r[;?bk Jhoykb{ oZp fJ; soK dk ebkeko Bjh_. w? nDfrDs tko ;N/i T[go
;akJhbke d/y u[eh jK, fizBh woiah ebkekoh dh T[gwk eoh ikT[ , n;h ps"o :j{dh fJ;
BkNe B{z oZd eod/ jK feT[_fe fJ; d/ eosk ns/ ftnkfynkekoK B/ n?Bh Bcos, ve?sh s/
fjz;k dh ;akB fdyke/ j[Bo B{z ngftZso, dkrh ehsk j?.
whiab B/ fJ; BkNe dk f:fd;a ftu soiwk eoe/ y/fvnk, d'ok B{z fdykfJnk s/ fNgZDh
fbyD bJh fejk, d'ok B/ fbfynk- w/o/ e'b sK fJzihb dk tke j?- ni/ n;h_ fBok; Bjh j'J/.
fJe gk;/ ;a/e;ghno j?, T[; dk ;akJhbke j?, d{i/ gk;/ fJj j? ;kvk f:Zfd;a fEJ/No, w/ok fdb
y[;ah Bkb M{w T[fmnk, BZuD bZrk. fJj j? Bk ;kvh p'bh, ;kvk ebuo, f;yo dh ebk. whiab
d';s, s/oh T[gwk tk;s/ w/o/ e'b bcia Bjh_. T[jh ;a/e;ghno HHH T[jh ;akfJbke HHH. ;akpk;a s?B{z
whiab, ;akpk;a. s/oh iapkB, s/oh ebk, v/ok f:fd;a fEJ/No ekfJw ofjDr/. w/oh fJZSk j? fe
92

fiE/ wou?_N nkc thfB; y/fvnk ikJ/, ;akJhbke dk o'b T[j pzdk eo/ fijVk iwKdo{ :j{dh j't/.
fco fJB;kc j't/rk, fco nekdko ftiJh j't/rk, go ;kv/ Bt/_ fBe/ ebkeko id'_ fb;aed/ jB,
T[d'_ T[BQK B{z fcbw yohd b?_dh j?, T[d'_ T[j nwohek ub/ iKd/ jB. ;kv/ pZu/ ;kv/ s'_ y[Z;a oj/
jB. swkok ;'b'w't ubk frnk, c/bk, ;ab'w', e'fjB, ;G rJ/. j[D :j{dh ozrwzr T[s/ fezB/ e[
;ab'w', fezB/ e[ e'fjB jB ?"
d'ok B/ iBtoh 1947 ftu nkgD/ d' Gok s/ fJe G?D bZG bJh, ;Z; fwb rJh. Fa[eo
j? fwb rJ/. T[;d/ frnkoK G?D GoktK ftu'_ fszB pu/, pkeh wko/ rJ/. gzikj ;kb dh T[wo d/
Gok dkT[d dkfJwzs dk ;G e[M popkd j' u[ek ;hHHHoZp thHHH fJ; dk oZp s'_ fJspko T[m
frnk ;h. BkiahnK B/ ;G y'j fbnk. u"th ;kb dh S'Nh G?D ;kok fiT[_dh ;h feT[_fe T[;B/ oZp
ni/ cV oZfynk ;h. id'_ :[ZX w[ ZeD dk n?bkB j'fJnk, w[;aZes e?_g ftu 80 bZy b'e p/xo/,
p/tsB/ ;B. fJBQK B{z nkpkd eoBk ;h. ;kok, o{;h e?_g ftu'_ fojkn j'e/ nkgD/ xo g'b?_v
gosDk ukj[zdh ;h. fojkJh t/b/ o{;h c"ih X{ e/ T[;B{z fJe gk;/ b? frnk, fejk- w? s?B{z
nkiakdh fdsh j?, fJ; pdb/ s{z th w?B{z frcN d/j, e[Vh B/ uhe wkoh, fco c"ih d/ w{zj s/
x;[zB wkfonk. c"ih B/ T[; B{z m[v/ sK wko/ go fco S/fVnk Bjh_. p?dfiaB g[Zi e/ ;kok B/
nkgD/ xo dk p{jk yVekfJnk, nihp ntkiK ;[Dhnk, fJE/ sK g'b?_v d/ pzd/ ofj oj/ ;B, T[BKQ
;kok B{z nzdo nkT[d dh fJikias BK fdsh, T[;dhnK nZyK ;kjwD/ id'_ sVke eoe/ p{jk pzd
j'fJnk, p/j';a j'e/ Y/oh j' rJh. S/ ;kb s;hjk e/_doK ftu T[j fJ; nk; Bkb fiT[_dh ojh ;h
fe xo/_ ikJ/rh, gfotko B{z fwb/rh. J/BhnK w[;hpsK ftu th T[jB/ G?Dk, GkDfinK, GkDihnK
dhnK c'N'nK ;zGkbh oZyhnK ;B, fJBQK ftu d'ok ns/ w/ohnkBk th ;h. T[j fgzv dh jEkJh tZb
s[o gJh, fJ; B{z dZf;nk frnk fe fijV/ pzd/ fiT[_d/ pu/ jB, T[BK dh fb;N T[E/ ezX T[go
fugekJh j'Jh j?_. T[;B/ fb;N gVh. fb;N T[go T[;dk nkgDk Bkw ;h, e/tb ;kok, pkeh ;G
ysw. T[j sK Fa[eo ;wM' fe ;kok pu rJh. e?_gK ftu' fiT{_d/ pu/ fijV/ :j{dh, nkgD/ xoK
B{z gos/, epiakekoh g'fb;aK B/ wko/. Bkiah ub/ rJ/, :j{dhnK fybkc Bcos Bjh_I rJh. YkJh
bZy :j{dh oc{ih e?_gK ftu ofjD bJh wip{o j'J/.
nwoheD ok;aNogsh B/ g?Bf;bt/Bhnk :{Bhtof;Nh d/ ekB{zB gVkT[_d/ gq'c?;o j?oh;B B{z
e?_gK dh ;fEsh ikDBH tk;s/ G/fink. T[;B/ dZf;nk- BkiahnK d/ e?_gk Bkb'_ fJe coe j?, j[D
pzdhnK BP{z r'bh Bjh_ wkoh iKdh. pkeh ;G T[tI/ j?. :j{dh efjzd/ jB ;kB{z cb;shB G/i'.
woBk j? sK g[ofynK d/ d/; ftu sK wohJ/. fJe bZy gofwN s[os ukjhd/ jB. T[ikV
o/fr;skB ftu t;D d/ fJS[e jB.
;koh d[BhnK :j{dhnK dh d[;awD. ehVhnk tKr T[j sb-ntht tZb ;oeD bZr/. wZX
;kro feBko/, wko{pb ftu fJe ;afjo T[;oB bZrk. nzro/iaK dk fynkb ;h w[;bwkB fJBQK B{z
d[oekoBr/ Bjh_ feT[fe fJe' ;kwh fgS'eV j?.
cb;shB d/ w[;bwkBk B/ fJBQK B{z d[;awD Bzpo fJe ti'_ ikfDnk.cb;shB d/ g{op
tZb ikovB dfonk feBko/ fJBQK B{z tZy t;k e/ nkpkdh dk Bkw NoK;-ikovB oZfynk. ftiJh
poskBhnk nr/ fJBQK B/ sob/ gkJ/ fe fJj ;kvk g[;as/?Bh EK j?, ;kB{z fJE/ sK tZ;D dh nkfrnk
fwb/. poskBhnK B/ tkJhN g/go ikoh ehsk fi; ftu tkndk ehsk frnk fe gzi ;kb d/ ;w/
nzdo 75 jiako :j{dhnK b{z fJiokJhb ftu ikD dh nkfrnk fwb/rh. :j{dhnK d/ i[nkB B/sk
dkT{d fpB r[ohnK B/ gfjb/ ;z;ko :[ZX ftu :j{dhnK B{z s[oeK fybkc nzro/iaK dh wZdd bJh
wBkfJnk ;h. dkT{d B/ n?bkB ehsk- id'_ n;h fjNbo fybkc bV/ wo/, T[d'_ ;kv/ e'b nzro/iK
dk fbfynk fJj tkJhN g/go Bjh_ ;h. j[D fjNbo Bjh_, j[D n;h_ fJ; tkJhN g/go fybkc
bVKr/ s/ woKr/. n;h_ ;dhnK s'_ T[iV/ fcod/ jK, wod/ fcod/ jK. ;Zm bZy w"sK dh frDsh
ekch j?. ;z;ko B/ n?bkB eo fdsk j? fe :[ ZX pzd j' frnk j?. n;h_I pu/ j'J/ :j{dh, fsq;eko/
pzd/, d[BhnK fybkc bVKr/. n;h_ :[ZX pzdh dk n?bkB Bjh_ ehsk.
1947 s'_ cb;shB, w[;bwkBk ns/ :j{dhnK dk :[ ZX y/so pDdk fojk, nzro/iK B/
nopK B{z o'eD bJh e[M Bjh_ ehsk. :j{dhnK B/ nkgD/ nkg B{z pukT[D bJh nkg/ fJe c"i
yVQh eo bJh. :j{dhnK B/ nopK e'b'_ pzio iwhB yohdDh ;a[o{ eo fdsh. fJ; dk th nzro/iaK
B/ fto'X ehsk.
93

d'ok B{z id'_ gsk bZrk ;kok fiT[_dh j?, T[;d/ gsh dk Bkw npokjw j? s/ T[BQK d/
xo pZuh izwh j?, T[;B/ b';a/B nypko ftu fJ;afsjko SgtkfJnk - tXkJh w/oh G?D ;kok,
Bth_ fiazdrh, Bth_ o';aBh. s/oh tckdko s/ fgnkoh G?D d'ok tb'_ uzr/ Gfty dh wzrbekwBk.
Xh w/ohnkBh tKr wK d'ok B{z th r[od/ dh sebhc B/ x/o fbnk. fujok ns/ bZsK
;[Zi rJhnK, wzi/ s'_ T[fmnk Bk iKdk. sK th eZgV/ f;T[_ e/ r[ikok eodh. T[;B/ ypo gVQh
fe fJzrb?_v, :j{dhnK d/ cb;shBh t;/p/ d/ fybkc j?, thj jiako s'_ tXhe :j{dh fJe ;kb
ftu Bjh_ ikDr/. nwohek B/ fJe bZy :j{dhnK B{z FoD d/ fdsh, :shwK B{z gfjb fdsh
rJh. ;kok B{z cb;shB ikD tk;s/ d' ;kb T[vheDk fgnk.
d'ok e[M ;[Xoh, Xh dh f;js ftrV rJh. jo jcs/ o/b o;s/ fbT{NB ike/ Nhe/
b[nkT[D/ g?_d/. djke/ pkd po'd B/ ekcek ihtBh dh Bth_ n?vh;aB Skgh, BtK nfXnkfJ
fbfynk- ekcek pko/ J/Bk e[M fbfynk frnk j? fe ;kok gfVQnk Bjh_ ik ;edk, GqKshnK s/
nkgk fto'XK Bkb GohnK fbysK jB, e'Jh ekcek B{z Bjh_ ikD ;fenk, nkb/ d[nkb/
gfoeowk eo oj/ jB, w? fijVk T[; dk d';s jK, w?_ th T[; B{z fJzBk e[ ikDdk jK fe
T[j nkdwh B{z ;tZS, ;zg{oB d/yD dk ;[cBk b?_dk j?.
ekcek pko/ T{b-ib{b tXhe Sg fojk ;h. d'ok dk fdb ehsk T[j nkgDh ykw';ah
s'V/. j'fdB T[;d/ xo fJzNoftT{ b?D frnk. d'ok nzro/ih uzrh soK p'bdh, go T[;dk
c?;bk ;h fe fJzNoftT{ iowB Gk;ak ftu j't/rh, T[j Gk;ak fi; ftu ekcek fbydk ;h.
d'ok dk fynkb ;h e/tb iowB ikDB tkbk pzdk T[;d/ Biadhe g[Zi ;edk j?. j'fdB
fbydk j?- d'ok B/ gfjbh w[bkeks ftu efj fdsk ;h- w? fBogZy Bjh jK, j' Jh Bjh_
;edh, T[;dh w"s j'fJnK thj ;kb phs rJ/ jB. ;apd, sZE eh eoBr/, wjZstg{oB j?
T[j wkj"b, fijVk ekcek B/ f;ofink. w/o/ nzdobk ekcek ;Zu j?, w[jZps T[;d/ toDB
ftu x[bh j'Jh j't/rh jh.
T[;B/ gfjbh w[bkeks s'_ b?e/ nyho sZe dhnK rZbK dZ;hnK, :kdK d/ MoB/ tr
gJ/, fit/_ eZbQ dhnK rZbK j'D.
w?_ wZShnK eZN ojh ;K. T[;B/ fejk- fJj e'wb jZEHHH fJj ezw. T[j ntkia ni/
sZe w?B{z ;[DkJh fdzdh j?. jw/;a y[;fwikia. fJ; soK dhnK nZyK, fit/_ efjzdk j't/- i' w?B{z
gsk j? T[;dk s[jkB{z eh gsk. pZfunK torhnK fBehnK fBehnK ;aokosK. T[j ;{bh s'_ puD
dk fJS[e ;h, T[;B{z fJj th gsk ;h fe ;{bh s'_ pr?o ihtB, ihtB Bjh_ j[zdk, T[; B{z gsk
;h pqfjwzv dh ;[gohw e'oN ftu'_ e'Jh poh Bjh_ j[zdk. w/o/ T[go T[;dk n;o feT{I j'fJnk
gsk Bjh_. b'e efjzd/ ;B- g{op ;aKs j?.ykw';a j?, g{op :[ ZX Bjh_ ukj[zdk. w?B{z g{opDh B{z
fJT{_ bZrk fit/_ o"FBh j? Jh gZSw ftu. fJj w?B[z{z fJE/ nke/ gsk bZrk fe gZSw p/u?B j?.
fJE/ e[M rVpV j?. g{op d/ b'e tXhe Bjh_ p'bd/. ekcek ftu'_ w?B{z g{ok gZSw fwfbnk.
w?B{z e[M f;ykD dh Ek T[j w/o/ s'_ f;ZyD bZr frnk, T[; B{z bZfrnk, d'ok ;zg{oB g{op j?.
T[;B/ w/o/ s'_ Xow f;Zfynk. fJe T[whd tKr T[; B{z w? fwbh. jo/e fbys ;G s'_ gfjbK
w?_B{z jh ;[DkT[_dk. edh efj fdzdk- w/ohnK fbysK gq/s B/. w? _ fJBQK s'_ puDk ukj[zBk. nZr
bk d/j d'ok, w?B{z w[es eo. w[es j'e/ T[;B/ fej' fijk fbyDk ;h, eh gsk, T[j w[es
j'fJnk jh Bjh_. T[; B{z jo/e t;s{ ;aZeh brdh, f;tkfJ ;kfjs ouBk d/. pqfjwzv d/ N[eV/
i'VB dk fJS[e ;h, fe;/ fJZe B{z d/yD tk;s/, T[;B{z gsk ;h g{op pqfjwzv dh J/esk B{z
gSkDdk j?. fiT[D tk;s/ o{jkBh skes ukjhdh j?, pr?o fe;/ okiahBkt/_ d/. gZSw fJ; s'_
tzfus j?.
j'fdB B[z fJzNoftT{ tk;s/ ;tkb Bjh_ g[ZSD/ gJ/. s[o g?_dh sK o[edh jh Bjh_ ;h,
cNkcN xzN/ phsh iKd/. d'ok B/ j'fdB B{z T[j ejkDh ;[DkJh fijVh ekcek s'_ ;[Dh ;hykD
wiad{o nkgDh wkFa{ek Bkb ykD tZb frnk, g?o fc;fbnk, v{zx/ jB/fonK ftu ubk
frnk edh Bk gofsnk, e[Vh T[;dh :kd ftu p[ZYh j' rJh go ftnkj Bk eotkfJnk,
T[vhedh ojh, nkJ/rk. fJe fdB T[; gk; bk;a g[Zih, ykD dhnK r?;K ekoB bk;a T[t/_ so'
skiak ;h fit/_ ftSVB tkb/ fdB. ftnkj ns/ ;aw;akB-xkN fJZe j' rJ/.
94

id'_ w?_ T[;dh feskp gVQdh jK, w?B{z T[; dh T[jh nktkia ;[DkJh fdzdh j? id'_ T[j w?B{z
;[DkfJnk eodk, ;a[o{ ;ao{ ftu w?B{z iowB xZN nkT[Adh ;h, fJj e[M fiankdk jh BthB Gk;ak
;h. ekcek B{z y{p nkT[_dh ;h, go T[j g[oksB Gk;ak dh sbk;a eodk fojk, T[; nzdo
g[oksBsk S[gh p?mh ;h. T[j fe;/ yk; :[Zr dh gqshfBXsk Bjh_ eodk, wB[ Zy dh j'Dh dk
gqshfBZX j?. T[;dk :EkoE o'iawZok dhnK xNBktK Bjh_, iw/ j'J/ T[; nBzs gb dk
gqfsfBX j? fijVk E'VQh d/o tk;s/ geV ftu nkfJnk s/ phs frnk.
1948 ftu ekcek dh GkDih nkgD/ gsh ;w/s d'ok B{z fwbD nkJh. ;ko/ gfotkoK
ftu'_ p; fJj' puh ;h fJe. UNbk pu ;edh ;h feT[_fe T[; dk gsh nkohnk ;h. Bkiah,
nkohnK B[z SZv fdnk eod/ jB p/;ae T[jBk d/ gsh gsBhnK :j{dh j'D. woB tk;s/
UNbk B/ gsh s'_ sbke fbnk, fco y[d BkihanK e'b ike/ fejk- w? :j{dh jK. w?B{z wko'.
pkehnK ;D/ T[;B{z r?; u?_po ftu wkfonk frnk. ekcek dh G?D ekcek d/ ;[cB/ tKr
fiT[D ns/ woB dh fJS[e ojh. bZyK :j{dh wo oj/ j'D s/ w? fJ; eoe/ pu iktK fe
w/ok gsh nkohnk j?. fJ; ftnkj ns/ fJ; ihtB T[s/ bkjDs. T[j fgsk d/ fybkc,
ekcek d/ jZe ftu j'fJnk eodh. ekcek fejk eodk- s{z pVh db/o e[Vh jI?. w?_ vo ikBk,
s{z Bh vodh, UNbk B/ nkgDh pjkdoh dh bki oZyh.
ekcek dh GkDih w/ohnkBk ;NhBo B/ gfjbh tko 1990 ftu d'ok pko/ iapkB y'bQh,
fejk- eth w{o B/ w?B{z dZf;nk d'ok bzdB ftu ofjzdh j?. fpwko j?, szrh s[o;ah ftu j?.
T[; dh fJe Xh j?, T[; dk Bkw th w/ohnkBk j?. ;kb 1948 ftu fJj e[Vh bzdB nzro/iah
d/ gqek;ae ;?eZo n?_v tkopo B{z fwbh, fejk- w?B{z gs? fJzrb?_v ftu b/yeK B{z okfJbNh
fwbdh j? go fJE/ d'ok Bkw dh fJe n"os rohph G'r ojh j?. s[jkB{z T[; dk f;oBktK
gs?? gqek;ae dk ys E'V/Q fdBk pkd d'ok dk f;oBktK b?e/ nk frnk. nkgD/ tkec fJe
gqkgoNh vhbo e'b w?_ wekB b?D tk;s/ fiXo ikDk ;h, T[;/ gk;/ dk ;h fJj f;oBktK.
fJe ;j/bh B{z Bkb b?e/ w?_ vhbo tZb uZb gJh, n;h_ ni/ p?mhnK Jh ;K fe fJe n"os
nkT[_dh fd;h. w?_ nkgDh ;j/bh B{z fejk- nj[ d'ok nk ojh_ j?. T[j j;e/ efjD bZrh- id'_
dk s?B{z fJj ekov fwfbnk, jo/e iBkBh s?B{z d'ok fd;dh j?.
d'ok vhbo e'b nkJh, fejk- w?B{z fJe ewok feokJ/ s/ ukjhd?. T[d'_ w?_ frnkoK
;kb dh ;K id' 1924 ftu d'ok B{z d/fynk ;h. ni/ w? vhbo s'_ ekov s/ fby/ f;oBkt/_
pko/ g[SDk ;h fe d'ok nkg/ nk rJh. Xosh ns/ nek;a ftueko pj[s e[M r?ph j?, w/ok
ft;atk; j?. fJ; soK d/ w"ek w/b w/o/ Bkb pVh tko tkgo/. fJj w/b w?B{z fgnko/ brd/
jB. fJBQK w/bK B{z w?_ th sK g;zd jK, fJ;/ eoe/ nkT[_d/ jB.w?_ g[ZfSnk- s[;h_ d'ok j' ?
T[;B/ fejk- jK. w?_ fejk, w? w/ohnkBk jK. T[;B{z ;wM BK bZrh. fco w? fejk- tZbh dh
Xh jK. T[;B{z fco th gsk BK bZrk. fco w?_ fejk- ekcek dh GkDih, T[; dh G?D tZbh
dh Xh. T[j ;wM rJh. ezpD bZrh. fco jzM{ trD br gJ/. ewo/ ftueko, gzi S/
pzfdnK dh w"i{drh ftu id'_ n;h_ fwbhnk, ;kB{z :ehB Bk nkfJnk, ;kB{z bZrk fit/I ;[cBk
fdZf;n? e'Jh.
15 wJh 1948 d/ gftZso fdB BtK Mzvk nkek;a ftu bfjokfJnk, ;c?d ozr, dkT{d
dk Bhbk skok n?B ftueko. d'ok ;w/s bZyK :j{dhnK B{z y[;ah fwbh. fJiokJhb fwb
frnk. bZyK nop T[dk; j'J/- Bt/_ :[ ZX dh ;a[o{nks. :{Hn?BHU B/ wsk gk; eoe/ cb;shB
d/ d' N'N/ eo fds/. fJe nop ;N/N d{ih :j{dh ;N/N. ikovB dfonk B/ d't/_ d/;K B{z tZy
ehsk. :/o{Fbw B{z ;op ;KMh Ek pDkfJnk frnk, fit/_ o'w.
nopK B/ fJj tzv gqtkB Bk ehsh. fw;o, b?pBkB, Jhoke, ikovB ns/ ;hohnk B/
fJeZfmnK jwbk eo fdsk, sb-ntht tkb/ gkf;T{_ fw;o B/, rbhbh T[go ;hohnk B/, BiakoE
T[go b?pBkB B/ s/ ikovB B/ :/o{;abw T[go Xktk ehsk. iBw B?D ;ko Btizfwnk pZuk
u[c/foT[_ fxo frnk. :j{dh wod/ oj/ s/ woB tk;s/ pkjo'_ T[E/ g[id/ th oj/. ;kok nkgD/
gsh s/ Xh ;D/ ntht g[Zi rJh. d'ok B{z fJj ypoK fwbdhnK ojhnK. T[; dk wB pVh
tko T[E/ ikD B{z ehsk. nkiakd d/; pD/ B{z ;kb phs frnk ;h, gfotko d/ ihn th T[E/
ofj oj/ ;B, j[D ;co tk;s/ g?;/ Bjh_. Xh d/ fJbki T[go ;kok g?;k bZr iKdk.
95

1947 ftu o{; s'_ ;[b/wkB fw;a'b bzvB nkfJnk, T[jh ;[b/wkB, fi; B{z d'ok B/
o{; ftu fezr bhno dk o'b eofdnk d/fynk ;h, T[;B/ id'_ dZf;nk fe iowB B/ o{; dk
fijVk g{oph :'og y'fjnk, T[E/ Bkiah, g[okDh fJzihb d/ toe/ Xosh s/ ;[ZN e/ T[BQK T[go
BZfunk eod/ ;B. fJj rZb dZ;fdnK p["ZYk n?eNo ezpD bZr fgnk. d'ok B/ fejk- pkJhpb
dk tke j?- Gb/ py;a/ ikD. d{ik tke j?- p[o/ Bk py;a/ ikD. ;[b/wkB, gfjbk tke oZp B/
s/o/ tk;s/ G/fink j?. s{z nkgDh e"w B{z J/Bk fgnko eod?_. w/o/ tk;s/ s{z e[dos d/ ekB{B
dh s;tho j?I. rowhnK ftu doys NkjDhnK B{z gZs/, c[ Zb s/ cb fdzd/?. ;odhnK ftu nZr
bZr/ sK nkg th puD dk fJS[e Bjh_ j[zdk. s/o/ Bkb X'yk Bjh_ j't/rk feT[fe s{z ijkB B{z
X'yk Bjh_ fdsk.
iBtoh 1948 ftu ypo Sgh- ;[b/wkB fw;a'b eko d[oxNBk ftu wkfonk frnk.
;NkfbB B/ T[; dk esb eotkfJnk. :j{dhnK B{z wkoBk ;NkfBB d/ J/izv/ ftu nk frnk
;h. d'ok B/ ;aoXKibh fby e/ nypkoK B{z G/ih, NkJhNb ;h- ;[b/wkB fw;'b- fJe :j{dh.
y[d s'_ g[Sdh- w?_ :j{dh jK fe Bjh_ ? fes/ :'og B/ w?B{z y'o sK Bjh_ fbnk? i/ y[oB s'
puh j'Jh jK fco fJiaokJhb feT[ Bh iKdh?
ekcek dh GkDih nkgDh eko ftu jo jcs/ d'ok B{z j;gskb T[;dh Xh Bkb fwbk
fbnkT[_dh. fp;so/ T[go gJh 15 ;kb dh j' rJh. i[nkBh nkJh go ykw';a, fpBk nktkia
fdfsnK bzxdh rJh.
:j{dhnK B/ n?bkB eo fdsk- fJiaokJhb ftu ;ko/ :j{dh, fjpo{ p'fbnk eoBr/,
g?rzpoK dh iapkB. d'ok B/ jT[ek b?_fdnk fejk- go f:fd;a? fJ; B{z rztkoK dh p'bh fejk
ikt/rk? ;kvk ebuo fet/ pu/rk? id'_ tkj brdh, :j{dhnK d/ fJeZm ftu f:fd;a Gk;ak d/
rhs rkT[_dh, ;N/i s/ n?efNzr eodh. fejk eodh- fjpo{ g{ok ;Zu j?, w? wzBdh jK, f:fd;a
fBek fijk ;Zu, ;Zu dk fBek fjZ;k th feT{_ wo/ ?
ekcek dh GkDih fJe fdB g?;/ d/D nkJh, fejk- fJj ekcek dh ikfJdkd ftu'_
B/. d'ok B/ BKj Bk ehsh. fJe sK w/ohnkBh tk;s/ b'V ;h, d{i/ fJiaokJhb ikD dh fJS[e
;h, d'ok dk fJiaokJhb ftu tf;nk Gok dkT{d th wdd eoBk ukjz[dk ;h. fJiaokJhb s'_
o{; dk okid{s Bwho, dkT{d dk d';s ;h.
dkT[d B/ Bwho B{z wBk fbnk fe d'ok B{z ;oekoh ;Zdk d/ e/ ekcek T[go Gk;aD
eotkT[. T[d'_ sZe ekcek ;kfjs fjpo{ ftu nB[tkd j'e/ b'eK sZe g[Zi u[ek ;h. nes{po
ftu ike/ d;zpo tkg;h dk gb?B pfDnk.
d'ok fJiaokfJb rJh. gfjbh tko nfj;k; j'fJnk fiT[_dh jK ns/ w?e;po'd B/ tZv/
fEJ/No ftu T[; d/ Gk;D dk gqpzX ehsk j'fJnk ;h. T[;B{z ;[DB tk;s/ d{o'_I d{o'I b'e g[Zi/.
:'og B/ ekcek B{z tXhe g;zd Bjh_ ehsk. fJiaokJhb B/ ehsk, :j{dhnK B/ fejk- T[j ;kvk
tv/ok ;h. ;kB{z irkT[D tk;s/ nkfJnk ;h.
Gok dkT{d fgnko Bkb fwfbnk, efjD bZrk- fgsk B/ s/o/ Bkb uzrk fBjh_ ehsk,
n;h th fgsk wro bZr/. G?D ;kok fJE/ sb-ntht ftu j?, s?B{z gs/? < ibdh fwbktKrk.
d't/I G?Dk fwbhnK. d'ok B/ dZf;nk- i/bQ e?_g ftu th w/o/ e'b s/oh S'Nh j[zdh
dhnK s;thoK j[zdhnK, fJ; sohe/ s{z w/o/ tk;s/ fiT[_dh ojh. d/y j[D nkgK fwb rJhnK.
j[D Bh ftSVBk. pj[s j' frnk.
1999 ftu ;kok id'_ 77 ;kb dh ;h, B/ dZf;nk- G?D fJj nky e/ rJh ;h fe
w/ohnkBh B{z b?e/ tkg; gosKrh. dZf;nk eodh ;h fe ekcek dh fJZSk T[; okjh_ ;z;ko B{z
fJe pZuk d/D dh ;h. ;[rks BK d/ ;fenk.
Gok dkT[d dk eko'pko tXhnk uZfbnk. T[; B/ dZf;nk- d'ok, ;ko/ fJjh ejh iKd/
;B w?B{z fe w?_ xo feT{_ Bh yohddk. w?_ fejk- gfjbK eko'pko yohdKrk. xo dhnK ezXk
yke/ E'Vk oZfink ik ;ed/?? nkj d/y, j[D fevk tZvk xo yohfdn?. fJe Bkiah nc;o dk
xo ;h fJj.
d'ok d/ Gshi/ ia/fbr B/ dZf;nk- gkgk B/ fBe/ j[zd/ B{z w?B{z nekovhnB tikT[Dh
f;ykJh, fejk eodk ;h- fJj e[VhnK cVB d/ ezw nkJ/rh.
96

Gok dkT[d d/ xo eJh fdB ofjD wro'_ ;kok e'b ubh rJh. GkDih d;dh j?-
id'_ wk;h nkJh ;kB{z bZrk :shwK B{z NZpo fwb rJ/. wro'_ id' 1999 ftu wk;h dh epo
s/ nkJh sK pVhnK rZbK dZ;hnKHHH fe fezBhnK ;[jDhnK b'ohnK, x'VhnK rkJhnK HHH fezBhnK
ejkDhnK :kd ;B T[;B{z HHH n;h_I Bkb jh fuge/ ofjzd/. d't/_ G/?Dk jZE ftu jE cVh
w?e;po'd d/ xo iKdhnK dh s;tho ;kc fd; ojh_ j?. d'ok B/ po'd B{z dZf;nk fe
nodk; tes, ;kok, xZb{xko/ ftu wo/ gfotko d/ ;ko/ ihnK dk Bkw b?_dh j?. ;kok e'b
wjhBk ojh. c/o ty ty EktK s'_ ;Zd/ nkT[_d/ ofjzd/, iKdh ofjzdh.
tkg;h dk ;wk nk frnk, d' ;{Ne/; ns/ ekcek dk p[o;a G?D d/ xo Sv rJh-
w/ohnkBk B{z b?e/ nktKrh, nkyoh ;kjK se fJE/ ojKrh.
tkg; bzdB ike/ j;gskb ftu fpwko Xh B{z fwbh. fJ; e[Vh B{z d[BhnK dk e'Jh
gsk Bjh_ ;hHHHH xo iK j;gskb, j'o e[M Bjh_ d/fynk. fJe fdB Xh B{z g[ZfSnk- d; ;kb
s'_ s/o/ gkgk dk e[M gsk Bjh_ bZrk. nkgK T[;B{z wfonk n?bkB eo d/JhJ/? " Bk wkwk HHH
eh gsk fiT[_dk j't/." d't/_ fJ; rZb s/ ;fjws j' rJhnK. Xh dk nkgo/;aB j'fJnk, mhe
j' frnk. j[D eh gsk okiah j' ikt/.
Xh B{z okiah eodh eodh y[d fpwko j' rJh. wktK XhnK nkjw' ;kjwD/. vkeNo B/
ypo fdsh fe s/oh BDd o{E bk;e, nwohek s'_ fwbD nk ojh j?. fuzsk ftu fxo
rJh. pkoK ;kb fgS'__ fwbD dh y[;ah j'Dh ukjhdh ;h, go T[; B{z pzdorkj s'_ e"D
fbnkJ/rk? j;gskb ftu fwbKr/? fevh ;ys j'Dh j?. j?Bh dk ;jkok fbnk. E'VhnK mhe
j'JhnK. xo nkJhnK. G{nk B{z fwb e/ w/ohnkBk y[;a fdZ;h. G{nk B{z th o{; ftu rJ/
gfotko dk e'Jh gsk Bjh_ ;h.
gsk bZrk fe iowBh ftu ekcek ;kfjs w[V SgD bZrk j?.d'ok y[;a j'Jh. BDd B{z
fejk- j[D iowBh pu ikJ/rk. ekcek B/ wB[ysk B{z N/pb s/ fbNk e/ ngq/;aB ehs/ ;B.
T[j ukj[zdk ;h nkdwh pu/. ;kok e[M ckbs{, fpwko, eZN eZN ;[Ndk fojk. wkoEh, w/o/ bJh
J/Bk wZyD Bk G/fink eo, w?_ fejVk fxT[ dh d[ekB eoBh j?. yk w?_ ;edh Bjh_. ;' j[D
p;. s/o/ bJh ;{N ;hnKrh. fJe rowhnk bJh fJe ;odhnK tk;s/.
wkou 1952, d'ok B/ nkgDk 54 tK iBw fdB wBkfJnk. nkyoh iBw fdB j?,
ikDdh ;h, fJ; eoe/ t;hns fbyD p?mh. fbfynk- w/oh epo gokr ftu ekcek dh epo
bkr/ j't/. fbckc/ T[go fbfynk- w"s s'_ pkd y'bQDk. gZso w?e; po'd dk f;oBktK b?e/
ubk frnk. nr;s 15 B{z w"s j'Jh, w?vw ;Nhwo B/ dZf;nk- Xh wzi/ e'b p?mh ;h. w?_
d'ok B[z fejk- p/ fceo j'e/ ftdk j'. Xh dk fynkb w? oZykrh. " d'ok B/ fejk- i' th
eo ;e/I eoh. fJj T[; dk nkyoh tke ;h.
dcB eoB tes gzi pzd/ ;B. fsZyh pockBh jtk tr ojh ;h. eDhnK r'bhnk
tKr nkT[_dhnK. nukBe gZsoeko nk g[Zi/. T[BQK B{z nkg/ gsk bZr frnk, ypo d/D tkbk
e'Jh j? Jh Bjh_ ;h. e[M g[SD dh EK nypkoK d/ B[wkfJzd/ y{p o'J/. fejk eodh ;h- w/oh
w"s Bkb f:fd;a iapkB Bjh_ woBh ukjhdh.
pV/ d';sK B/ w/ohnkBh B{z fejk- ;kv/ xo ofj. T[j Bjh_ wzBh. wkwk tkb/ ewo/
ftu ojKrh. e[ZM g?;/ fJeZm/ eoe/ T[;d/ p?_e yks/ ftu iwQK eotk fds/. fJe noih fbyh
fe poskBhnK dh Bkrfoesk fwb/. fJe wjhB/ pkd Bkrfoesk dk yas fwb frnk. ;ko/
fJjh efjzd/ ;B- p/;ae ekcek dh Xh Bjh_, fpbe[b T[; torh j?. ;[Gkn, ;aeb th. wK B/
fejk ;h, nkgK fJeZmhnK B/ fJiaokJhb ikDk ;h, j[D s{z fJeZbh ubh ikJhI.
b[Zia dh ;iak gzi ;kb g{oh j' rJh fco th Bjh_ SZfvnk, fejk- izr w[eD s/
SZvKr/. ;kb 1946 ftu fojk sK j'fJnk go nzrjhD j' e/. ;Zih nZy dh o';aBh 1943 ftu
ubh rJh ;h s/ yZph nZy 30% pkeh puh . n?Be bke/ e[M fd;dk ;h. fojk sK j'
frnk go ikJ/ feE/? iowBh? fumhnK gkT[_dk fojk e'Jh itkp Bjh_. wK poNk bk;e B/
ng?qb 1946 s'_ i{B 1948 sZe T[; pko/ fumhnK fbyhnK, fe;/ dk itkp Bjh_. T[wo 67
;kb j' rJh ;h, fpwko ofjzdh. wzsoh B{z fbfynk- w?_ 24 ;kb gkoNh dh ;/tk ehsh, yZp/
gZyh ;kfjs ofunk. edh rbs ezw Bjh_ ehsk. w?_ T[; B{z fwbD ;kfJp/ohnk Bjh_ ik
97

;edh, v/Y wjhB/ ;odh ftu ;co w?B{z wko dt/rk. feogk eoe/ T[; B{z w/o/ e'b G/i
fdT[. n;h_ d't/I iowBh ub/ iktKr/. wK B{z iowBh ikD dh nkfrnk fwb rJh. b[Zia B{z
Bjh_.
;NkfbB dh w"s fgS'_ 1953 ftu T[; dh fojkJh j'Jh. nkyo g{op iowB (GDR) ftu
wK g[Zs B{z ikD dh nkfrnk fwb rJh. ;aos ;h fe iowB s'_ pkjo Bjh_ ikDk. b[Zia B/
noiahnK gkJhnK fe w/oh gsBh s/ Xh fJzrb?_v ftu jB, w/?_ T[BQK B{z bZGDk j?, nkfrnk
fdT[, nkfrnk Bjh_ fwbh. J/B/ s;hj/ MZbD fgS'_ th wK g[Zs dk efwT{fBiaw ns/ gkoNh ftu'_
ft;atk; Bjh_ N[ZNk. fJ; nip fto'XkGk; B{z ikDB bJh o{; d/ fJfsjk;eko fJ;jke
fvT{;ao dhnK ouBktK gV'Q. T[;B/, oZp fijVk jko frnk ( God that Failed) dk i'
ohthT{ ;kpe efwT{fB;NK dh iawho d/ BK j/m fbfynk T[j gVQB:'r j?.
fJe g[okD/ nypko ftu d'ok dh ;aoXKibh Sgh. gVQ e/ b[Zia B{z gsk bZrk, wo
u[eh j?, Xh bzvB ftu j?. nes{Ppo 1953 ftu g[b;hJ/ B/ w/ohnkBk dk dotkik yVekfJnk,
T[; d/ fgsk dk ys. fJe dw :shw w/ohnkBk B{z fgsk fwb frnk, dkdh th j?. ukuk
jowB, ukuh n?fb;, Gok noB;N, ;ko/ jB.
;Nhwo dh fBrokBh j/m w/ohnkBk okiah j'D bZrh. wK dhnK ;j/bhnK T[; dhnK
;j/bhnK j' rJhnK. feskpK gVdh ofjzdh, thj ;kb dh ibktsBh wro'I iowBh ftu
nkgD/ popkd j' u[e/ iBw ;EkB s/ g[Zih. fBeh j[zdh dhnK c'N'nK xo ftu gJhnK ;B.
fgsk wkD Bkb fBeh w/ohnkBk tZb d/y fojk j?, wK d/y ojh j?. 87 ;kb dh poNk, gkoNh
;kfjs fby ojh ;h, T[;B{z ;BwkB fwb oj/ ;B s/ Bkb Bkb T[j pkb ;kfjs ou ojh
;h.
G{nk o{E B/ w/ohnkBk B{z nwohek nkT[D dk ;Zdk fdsk, 28 ;kb dh e[Vh B/ ikD
dk c?;bk eo fbnk. ;w[zdoh ijkia dk ;co w[ek e/ e?bhc'oBhnK g[Zih. G{nk ns/ c[ZcV
xo b? rJ/. d' wjhfBnk tk;s/ rJh ;h, uko y[;a wjhB/ fpsk e/ tkg; bzvB gosh.
1973 ftu id' b[Zia 70 ;kb dk j' frnk sK fes/ T[; B{z bzvB ik e/ nkgDh Xh
B{z fwbD dh nkfrnk fwbh. nwohek tkbh G{nk o{E B{z gsk bZrk fe Gok bzvB ik fojk
j?, T[;/ fdB T[;B/ th g[ZiD dk c?;bk eo fbnk. ;kfonK B/ y[;a fdB fpskJ/ s/ tkg;
gos rJ/. tkg; ike/ e[M fdBk pkd b[Zia dh w"s j' rJh.
6 i{B 1977, w/ohnkBk 43 ;kb dh ;h, t;hns fby fdsh. wkI dh epo T[go gZEo
Bjh_ oytk ;eh ;h. fbfynk, eoia/ T[skoB fgS'_ i/ oew pu/ T[; Bkb wK dh epo pDk
d/Dh. T[; B{z brdk ;h BkiahnK tb'_ y'j/ ekcek d/ ys bZG ;ed/ jB. ;kok wk;h dh Xh
s'tk ngD/ gsh w'sh Bkb T[; B{z fJiokJhb s'_ fwbD nkJ/. ;Zdk fdsk fe fJiaokJhb
nkJh_I. ;co you d/ g?;/ d/ e/ rJ/. w/ohnkBk B/ ftnkj Bjh_ eotkfJnk. 1980 ftu
wkBf;e fpwkoh dk f;aeko j'D bZrh, T[;B{z nihp ntkiaK ;[DkJh d/Jh iKdhnK, j'o fe;/ B{z
Bjh_ ;[DdhnK ;B, g[b; e'b th f;aekfJs fbytkJh. j;gskb dkyb ojh. fco fJeKstk;h
j' rJh, Bk fe;/ e'b iKdh Bk nkT[D fdzdh, dotkik BK y'bQdh, dtkJhnK ykD s'_ fJBeko
eofdnK fejk- w? Bjh_ okiah j'Dk. w?_ woBk ukj[zdh jK, w?_ 50 ;kb dh T[wo j'D sZe wo
ikDk j?.
j?Bh ngD/ gsh gkb Bkb T[;d/ cb?N ftu rJh, xzNh yVekJh, d/o pkd nzdobk
fJe dotkik y[ZbQk, d{ik ikbh tkbk pzd fojk. fgS/ jN e/ efjD bZrh- w?_ Bh fe;/ B{z
nzdo nkT[D d/Dk. j?Bh B/ fejk- s{z ;kv/ gfotko dh e[Vh j?_ w/ohnkBh, d/y s/o/ tk;s/
fezBhnk wfmnkJhnK s/ cb fbnkJ/ jK. w/oh B/ fejk- w/ok e'Jh gfotko Bjh_, w? e[M Bjh_
b?_dh. ikT. o'_dh o'_dh j?Bh g?eNK ;w/s gsh dh eko ftu ik p/?mh.
j?Bh B/ e[M fdBk pkd pj[s fgnkok yas g';N ehsk. fpBk fbckck y'fbQnK tkg;
G/i fdsk, fbckc/ s/ fbfynk ;h- w?Bz[ ys Bk fbfynk eo', Bk jN/ sK w?_ g[b; e'b
f;aekfJs eo fdnKrh.
98

ezw Bjh eo ;edh ;h, g?;/ w[
Ze rJ/ ;B. wekB d/ feokJ/ ;w/s ;ko/ eoia/ 1000
g"Iv s'_ tZX ;B. w/ohnkBk e'b e'Jh g?;k Bjh_ ;h. wkbe wekB B/ ekB{zBh B'fN; d/ fdsk.
fpibh eZNh ik u[eh ;h. rtKYhnK B/ g[b; B{z ;{fus ehsk fe eJh fdBk s'_ dotkik Bjh_
y[ZbQk. g[b; B/ dotkik s'fVnk, co;a T[go rbh ;Vh bk;a gJh ;h.
epo;skB ftu pkoK n"osK wod dcB eoB tes ;B. gkdoh B/ nodk; ehsh.
j?Bh B/ vkfJoh ftu fbfynk- 48 ;kb dh w/ohnkBk ;?_eV/ ;kbK tkbh f;nkDg Bkb Goh
j'Jh ;h, ;fBnk;h, fJeKstk;h. id'_ T[j co;a T[go fvrh ns/ woh, T[;B/ fe; B{z nktkia
wkoh j't/rh? T[woK S'NhnK. d[y tZv/.
ekcek s/ d'ok d/ r[zw ekriK dh sbk;a pzd Bjh_ j'Jh. :'og ftu EK EK ;ou
ew/NhnK pDhnK, iowB ftu'_ gkpzdh Fa[dk iaps ;kfjs co'bD dh nkfrnk fjs noiahnK ub
gJhnK. ;kB vhr' :{Bhtof;Nh nwohek B/ th fJ; pkps y'i ftGkr ekfJw eoe/ iowB
gk; gNh;aB dkfJo eo fdsh. fijVh fbys r[ow[yh nZyoK ftu s[;h_ j[D gVQ oj/ j', T[j
;kB vhr' :{Bhtof;Nh dh gq'c?;o e?Eh dkfJwzs dh y'i ftu'_ bJ/ B'N; T[go nkXkos j?.
d'ok d/ tv/ Gok dkT{d dk g[Zso iath 1947 ftu izfwnk, d' ;kb dk ;h id'_ 1949
ftu wkg/ fJiaokJhb ub/ rJ/, ;kb 1960 ftu id'_ fgsk dh w"s j'Jh, 13 ;kb dk ;h.
fgsk s'_ fJ; B/ G{nk d'ok dh e'Jh rZb Bjh_ ;[Dh ;h. 1996 d/ ;kb fJe fdB nypko
ftu d'ok ns/ ekcek dh gq/w-eEk Sgh j'Jh gVhQ. d'ok d/ Bkw Bkb dkfJwzs bZrk j'fJnk
;h. iath ;'uD bZrk, w?_ th dkfJwzs jK, eh gsk d'ok Bkw dh e[Vh Bkb w/ok e'Jh fo;ask
j't/? eh T[j xZb{xko/ ftu'_ pu rJh ;h? fco feZE/ rJh? ftnkj eotkfJnk? T[;d/ pZu/
j'J/? feE'I bZGK?
T[;B/ fJzNoB?ZN s/ ekcek dh t?Zp;kJhN y'bQh.ekcek d/ y'ih Bhb p'y't dh w/b
nkJhvh fwbh, T[; B{z ys fbye/ ;tkb g[ZS/, ngD/ pko/ dZf;nk. Bhb B/ uko gzfBnK dh
ikDekoh G/ih sK gsk bZrk fe b[Zia bk;e Bkw d/ pzd/ Bkb d'ok B/ 1926-1936 ftueko
edh ftnkj ehsk ;h s/ fJe Xh izwh fi; dk Bkw w/ohnkBk ;h. fJj th ikfDnK fe 15
nr;s 1952, d'ok dh w"s j'Jh, epo bzvB ftu j?. T[j epo d/yDh ukj[zdk ;h go vZu
y'ih Bhb B{z epo dh EK gsk Bjh_ ;h. iath B/ c?;bk ehsk, G{nk dh epo bZGKrk.
nwoheD y'ih e[Vh e?Eh dkfJwzs dk gZsk bZrk, iath B/ T[;B{z ys fbfynk. e?Eh B/ dZf;nk-
w?_ pkoK ;kb s'_ d'ok s/ ezw eo ojh jK, w?B{z epo dk gsk j? ni/ sZe gZEo Bjh_ oZfynk,
e?Eh B/ Xh dh w"s dh ypo th dZ;h. d'tK B/ c?;bk ehsk, 15 nr;s 1999 B{z epfo;skB
ike/ gZEo fNekD dh o;w eoKr/, fi; sohe B{z d'ok dcBkJh ;h. bk;e gfotko pko/ gsk
bZrk. iath ijkia s/ ufVQnk, pofbB g[Zik. bk;e gfotko d/ pu/ w?_po T[; B{z d/y e/, fwb
e/ p/nzs y[;a j'J/. iath B/ nkgDk gfotko bZG b?D dh ;kyh fJiaokJhb d/ ;G s'_ tv/
nypko :/dh nyo'B' ftu 20 wJh 1999 B{z SgtkJh. T[;/ fdB iath B{z s'tk dk c'B
nkfJnk, w?_ s/oh G[{nk ;kok dh Xh jK. w/oh wK ni/ fiT[_dh j?, sb ntht ftu j?. fijVk
f;oBktK fbykfJnk, T[j xo iath d/ xo'_ d; fwzN dh d{oh s/ ;h. eokwks, fJe dw G{nk
ns/ wk;h d/ gfotko fwb rJ/.
pofbB s'_ bk;e gfotko bzvB g[Zik, noB;N dh ftXtk dkfJBk, G{nk o{E, g'sh, ;G.
d'ok dk g/ek gfotko, iath, T[;dh gsBh ;a';ah s/ uko pZu/, ;kok, ;kok dh Xh s'tk. ;kok
77 ;kb dh ;h s/ d'ok dh fJj 46th_ po;h ;h. d'ok, ekcek, fwb/Bk d/ fo;as/dkoK s'_
fJbktk fJBQK d/ gq;az;e, y'ih, gkme, nkb'ue, ;G fJeZm/ j'J/. iowBh ns/ fJiaokJhb s'
fJbktk jkb?_v ns/ nwohek s'_ nkJ/. j?w;N?Zv fty/, fezria ekbi d/ jkb ftu d'ok dk
;aoXKibh ;wkrw oukfJnk frnk. u[okBt/_ ;kb dh T[wo dk w/io p'dK;eh wzu T[s/
nkfJnk, fejk- f:fd;a b/ye g/o/ia dh fijVh ejkDh d'ok B{z ;G s'_ tXhe g;zd ;h, T[;B{z
;N/i T[go nfGB? okjh_ g/;a eoKrk. T[d'_ w?_ i[nkB ;K id'_ d'ok tb'_ vokw/ dh g/;aekoh d/yh
;h. w"i{d ;o'fsnk ftu'_ E'V/Q ;B fijV/ f:fd;a }pkB ikDd/ ;B, ndkekoh J/vh riap dh
fe jkt Gkt jo/e rZb ;wMk oj/ ;B. jkb ft;wkdh ;[[zB ftu r[zw j' frnk.
99

epfo;skB ike/ iath B/ f:fd;a ftu'_ ns/ ;kok B/ s'okj ftu'_ gqkoEBktK gVQhnK. ;kok
B/ T[j gb ;KM/ ehs/ id'_ d'ok bzwh i[dkJh pkd fJiaokJhb nke/ fwbh ;h- w/oh fJe' fJe
fiT[_dh G?D, w? fezBh y[;a j'Jh ;K s?B{z fwbe/ T[d'_. s[{z sK efjdh j{zdh ;?_ fJiaokJhb ftu
woKrhnK, edh Bjh_ ftSVBk, fco s{z J/Bh ekjbh feT[_ ehsh? e/tb s{z ;?_ T[j fBowb,
fBoSb gftso o{j fijVh T[BQK B{z wkc eo ;eh fiBQK s/o/ T[go }[bw YkJ/. s?B[z ;aKsh
fwb/, ;[or dhnK gftso o{jK ftu s/ok tk;k j't/.
d'ok dh ;[zdo ;c?d ;zrwowoh ;b?p T[go w/ohnkBk dk Bkw th fbfynk frnk.
ekcek dh w"s T[gozs okpoN ebkg;NkZe B/ fijVh ;aoXKibh SgtkJh ;h T[; ftu d'ok B{z
th :kd ehsk ;h. T[; ;aoXKibh ftu d'ok pko/ fijVh gzesh fbyh T[j fJj ;h L
fi; B/ d'ok B{z ikfDnk,
T[;B/ fgnko B{z ikfDnk.
epo dh ;b?p T[go fJj' nZyo fby/ rJ/. ;bkw eoe/ w[;kco nkg' nkgD/ tsBh
s[o/.
(ekcek ikDdk ;h ezw fet/_ eoBk j?. i' T[;B/ fbfynk iK ehsk, T[j ;zg{oB j?.
fiE/ fes/ s[;h_ ;op'sw d/y', ;/q;aN fbys d/y', T[E/ s[jkB{z ekcek fd; iKd?. cbkp/no ns/
cokfJv ftu fdZ; iKdk j? -w?e;po'd)
100

4 - Jhdh
9 i[bkJh 1992 B{z oktbfgzvh ik ojh w[;kco o/b rZvh x'Neh ;N/;aB s/ yb'sh
wkbrZvh Bkb ik NeokJh. wkbrZvh ftu ck;c/N bZfdnk j'fJnk ;h. ;?_eV/ iaywh j'J/, ;?_eV/
wko/ rJ/. fJ; d[oxNBk ftu wZdd eoB tk;s/ Jhdh B{z j?bhekgNo b?D nk frnk. ;Nkc
;w/s T[j j?bhekgNo tZb s[o fgnk. f;o ftu e'Jh fynkb Bjh_, bZsK ftu ikB Bjh_, ;G
e[ZM ;[zB w;[zB ;h. T[;B{z bZrk- e'Jh w[odk BthnK ghVK b? e/ epo ftu'_ T[m e/ s[o fgnk
j't/. gkfJbN ;[B/j/ b? fojk ;h, ;[B/j/ d/ fojk ;h. s[oB s'_ gfjbK Bo;K, vkeNo,
dtkJhnK, n?__p{b?_;K ns/ eZcD b? e// rZvhnK dk ekotK ;Ve okjh_ s'o fdsk ;h.
d' xzfNnK dh T[vkD pkd gkfJbN B/ Jhdh B{z g[ZfSnk- s[jkvk e'Jh d'jsk j;gskb
ftu j? w"bkBk ? Jhdh ezp frnk- jK j?, feT[_ ? df;nk- T[j ubk frn?. jtkJh ;Nkc B/
Jhdh Bkb ob e/ d[nk eoB bJh n;wkB tZb jZE c?bkJ/.gkfJbN B/ g[ZfSnk- tkg;
uZbhJ/? Jhdh B/ fejk- Bjh_, gfjbK jh b/N jK. ezw pj[s fiankdk j?. w/oh phth fpbeh;
B{z efj fdT[ fe dcB eo d/t/, w?B{z T[vhe/ Bk. ftnkj s'_ gfjbK T[;B/ nkgDh phth B{z
efj fdsk ;h, w? ;ko/ dk ;kok s/o/ tk;s/ jK, go e'Jh tZvk d[y d/yKrk sK ;ko/ dk ;kok
ti{d s/o/ s'_ tkg; b? fbnk eoKrk. mhe j? ? p'bh- mhe j?.
Xh B/ fpbkb B{z iBw fdsk sK Jhdh B{z bZrk- d'jsk w/o/ bJh ijkB ftu nkfJnk
j?. d/y' fezBk ezw j?. w/o/ Bkb jZE tNkJ/rk. fit/_ d/o s'_ fJe d{i/ B{z bG oj/ j'JhJ/ s/
fwb ikJhJ/. fJeZm/ po/eck;N eod/. BkBk nkgDh pk;h o'Nh ftu'_ fJe p[oeh fdzdk sK
d'jsk g[Sdk- BkBk eh s[;h_ tkeJh rohp j'? Jhdh jZ; g?_dk - rohp BjhI jK g[Zso, pk;h
o'Nh fJ; bJh yKBk sK fe w?B{z rohph :kd oj/.
Jhd d/ fdB o"DeK j[zdhnK. fpbkb tk;s/ fyv"D/ s/ eZgV/ nkT[_d/. y[;a j' j' g?eN
y'bQdk. fJj nZi yktKrk, fJj eZbQ fJj go;'_. BkBk nkydk- fpbkb s?B{z gs? e[ZM pZfunK
e'b eZgV/ j[zd/ Jh Bh? fpbkb j;dk j'fJnk pkjK S[Vk e/ eZgfVnK dh nbwkoh e'b ik e/
nkydk-
go w/o/ e'b sK j?r/ B/.
Jhdh dh fBrokBh ftu wB'o'rD i[nkB e[Vh B{owkb i/ao/ fJbki ;h. mhe j' ojh
;h. fpbkb Bkb y/vdh ofjzdh. B[jkT[_Idh, eZgV/ gfjBkT[_dh. fJe ;t/o pr?o mzYk gkDh
fwbkJ/, pr?o e';k eoB d,/ T[pbd/ gkDh dh pkbNh fpbkb T[go ;[ZN fdsh. uhe wko d/
fpbkb EkJ/I Y/oh j' frnk. j;gskb b? rJ/. w"s dh ypo fwbh.
Jhdh d[oxNBk rq;s EK s/ g[Zi e/ ezw dh se;hw eoB bZrk, N[eVhnK ftu tzvD
bZrk. b'eK B/ Jhdh gSkD fbnk, "T[BK B/ w/ok bVek Bh bZfGnk Jhdh HHHHHH nj[ d/y' w/ok
nZp{, s[os j;gskb Bk g[ukfJnk wo ikJ/rk HHHHHHHH, nZbkj dk ;a[eo Jhdh s[;h_I nk rJ/.
w/o/ pZu/ bZG', feE/ B/ T[j?......w/o/ pZu/ wo rJ/ jB Jhdh, T[BQK dh wK dk bj{ pj[sk tr
frn?, T[j wo ojh n?, pukT[."
Jhdh B{z :kd nkfJnk, ;V/ fi;w Bkb j;gskb d/ p?Zv s/ gJ/ d'js/ fpbkb dhnK
nZyK ftu fJj' T[whd ;h HHHHHHBkBk j? Bk. j[D w/?B{z e'D wko ;ed? ? fJjh T[whd j[D
Jhdh B{z d/yD ;ko ;?_eV/ nZyK ftu g?dk j' rJh. fJe i[nkB o'_dk nkfJnk- pkg{ sK bZG
fbnk, wK feE/ j? ? pkg{ dh bk;a bZGD s'_ pkd T[j wK dh bk;a sbk;a fojk ;h, " e'Jh
th T[jd/ torh Bh_ brdh. "
ezw ftu o[M/ Jhdh ;kjwD/ fpbkb nk yb'_dk. edh BkBk, edh BkBh fJ; Bkb
b[eD-whNh y/vd/, cV/ Bk ikJhJ/, d'"Vd/, fpbkb ;zd{Pe s/ b[edk, edh wzih j/m, cV/ ikD s/
y[;ah Bkb uheK wkodk. BkBh jZEhI fJe fJe p[oeh tZyo/ tyo/ Bkw b?e/ y[bkT[dh- T[j
e[sp bJh j? HHH fJj e[pok bJh, j[D fJj c?;b bJh j? HHHH fJj nbwk; bJh.
101

o/bt/ ;N/;aB s/ bZsK, pkjK, f;o, fJXo T[Xo fybo/ gJ/ ;B. uko/ gk;/ skia/ bj{
dh d[orzX. bkT[v ;gheo bj{dkB tk;s/ nghbK eo oj/ ;B. j;gskb Go u[e/ ;B.
pkeh w;fidK tZb s'o/ ikD bZr/. fJdh ckT[{_v/;aB dhnK 75 n?p{b?_;K iaywhnK ns/ w[ofdnK
B{z b? b? tZy tZy fd;aktK tZb d"V ojhnK ;B.
fJ; j"bBke jkbs ftu th fJybke'I fro/ pzd/ g[Zi rJ/ ;B. fJe i[nkB B/ bk;a
gSkDh, ekria s/ d;ys eoe/ n?_p{b?_; okjh_ xo b? frnk. xofdnK B/ bk;a b?D s'_
fJBeko eo fdsk fe ;kvk sK e'Jh ih wfonk Jh Bh. w[ zvk d"V e/ feXo/ S[g frnk.
;oeko s'_ w[nktiak b?D tk;s/ vokwk ehsk ;h. n?_p{b?_; bk;a tkg; b? nkJh.
fJ; n?e;hv?_N ftu e'Nbh fgzv d/ fJe gfotko d/ B" w?_po wko/ rJ/ ;B. fJBQK
dhnK bk;ak e'D b?e/ ikJ/rk? J/BhnK bk;aK d/ye/ fezB/ pzd/, n"osK, pZu/ o[dB eoBr/. Jhdh
B/ fejk- w?_ iktKrk, w/o/ T[go uheK dk n;o Bjh_ j't/rk feT[_fe w? fpbkb tk;s/ o'tKrk,
fJXobhnK bk;aK tZb w/ok fXnkB Jh Bh_ ikJ/rk. go ;kfonK d/ xkN/ fwbe/ fezBk tZvk
xkNk pDk d/Dr/?
Jhdh B/ gqkoEBk eofdnK fejk- wkbe, s?B{z fgnko eodk jK w?_. id'_ d[y d/ydk
jK, s?B{z G[Zb e/ d[yh pzd/ B{z fgnko eoB bZr ikBk.
fJe pia[or ezpdk j'fJnk Jhdh e'b nkfJnk, "Jhdh, w/ok fJe' g[Zso ;h. j'o w/ok
e'Jh Bjh. w?I fJeZbk jK Jhdh, fpbe[b fJeZbk. fe;/ B{z w/o/ d[y dk gsk Bjh_." Jhdh B/
o'_fdnK fejk- w?B{z gsk j? Gok, w?_ s/ok d[y ikDdK. nkfd ekb s'_ ikDdK. "
Jhdh dk ezw fdB fSgD Bkb ysw j'fJnk. jZEK g?oK s/ iw e/ bj{ ;[Ze frnk
;h, w;K T[skfonk. bj{ b[jkD eZgV/ pdb/. xo tkg;h tk;s/ j?bhekgNo ftu p?m frnk.
;hN p?bNK e; bJhnK. ijkia T[vD bZrk. wB ftu fpbkb nk fojk ;h, "id'_ w? u[o;s/
ftu wzrD bJh p?mdk, fpbkb B{z ukn uVQ iKdk. fJj ezw T[;B{z ;G s'_ tXhnk brdk.
f;Ze/ frDdk iKdk. e'Jh b'Vtzd wzrD nk iKdk, Jhdh efj fdzdk- d/ d/j fpbkb. e[M g?;/
d/ d/ fJjB{z. fpbkb g[Sdk- BkBk s[jkB{z fJjdh ejkDh ;Zuh brdh j? ? fes/ M{m sK Bjh_
wkodk?
- sK th g?;/ d/ Jh d/j fpbkb. "
ijki-xo s'_ n?_p[b?_; okjh_ epo;skB j'e/ Jhdh xo gj[zuk. phth ns/ yktzd fJe
d{i/ s'_ b[eDk ukj oj/ ;B. p?m rJ/. fBe/ fBe/ p{N gJ/ ;B. T[BQK tZb d/yD bZr/. fBe/
fBe/ ewhiaK, fBZeoK ftu fujok S[gk e/ y{p o'J/. Xh e[pok ewia'o, p/iapkB yb'sh ojh. Bk
fi;w s/ ekp{ Bk bciaK T[go. Jhdh B/ fejk- "nZi i' rb fpbkb pko/ eoBh j? eo b?
XhJ/. c/o w[V e/ T[;dk BK Bh b?Dk nkgK. mhe ? " T[; B/ e[M Bk fejk.
Jhdh d/ g{oti f;zXh fjzd{ ;B i' fBeh w'Nh fe;kBh dk ezw eod/ ;B. fszB ;dhnK
gfjbK w[;bwkB j' rJ/.fJBQK B{z w'fwB fejk iKdk fojk go fJj' Bkw gsk Bjh_ fet/I ftrV
frnk, w?wB j' frnk. Jhdh gfotko Gkosh r[ioks d/ ekmhnktkV fJbke/ ftu t; e/
tgko eoB bZrk. r[ioksh ftu Jhdh wkfJB/ nkb;h j[zdk J/ go fJj pVk fjzwsh gfotko
;h. w[jzwd nbh fiBkj B/ w?wBk dh wZdd Bkb jh pzpJh ftu jphp p?_e y'fbnk ;h.
w?wB tZv/ tgkoh xokfDnK d/ wkbe ;B fiBKQ dk w[ekpbk e/tb gko;h eo ;ed/ ;B, j'o
Bjh_. gq;ak;fBe fiw/tkohnK w?wBk e'b s/ w[bkiaws nkw fjzd[;skBhnK B{z fdsh iKdh. fgsk
dk Bkw npd[b ;ae{o Jhdh s/ wK r[opk ;h. i{BkrVQ d/ B/V/ pzNtk Bkw d/ 25 jiako
nkpkdh tkb/ e;p/ ftu 20 jiako w?wB ;B.
wK fdnkb{ ;h. tgkoe d"o/ s/ frnk fgsk eJh tko ;kb ;kb Bk gosdk. ;[Ze/
w/ftnK dhnK g/NhnK G/idk ofjzdk. wK fJBQK d/ fBe/ fBe/ g?eN pDk e/ Jhdh B{z rohp
p;shnK ftu tzvD bJh cVk fdzdh. ;e{b ikD t/b/ jo o'i d' g?;/ d/ e/ wK nkydh -
fJe g?;k s/ok j?, fJe fe;/ b'Vtzd dk. d{ik T[; B{z d/JhI i' s?B{z w[Eki bZr/. T[j fujok
gVQ e/ jh ;wM iKdh id'_ Jhdh d't/I g?;/ Se nkT[_dk, "fezBk y[droia n?_ s{z. fe; soK dk
102

gZEo fdb j? s/ok? J/Bh S'Nh T[wo ftu jh s{z rohpK B{z b[ZNDk ;a[o{ eo fds? ? tZvk j' e/
eh eh eo/_rk, gsk Bjh_." ;aow;ko Jhdh Bhth_ gkJh yb'sk ofjzdk.
;e{b iKfdnK T[;B/ d/fynk wz[fvnK dh fJe N'bh gkrb B{z x/oh yb'sh j?. SNhnK
Bkb S/V SkV eo oj/ ;B. fybo/ tkbK tkb/ gkrb dh Biao nfijh, fit/_ ;Zg vzr wko
oj/ j'D. Jhdh T[BQK e'b nk e/ rZfink, " ;aow Bh nkT[_dh s[jkB{z ? fJjdh wdd Bh_ eo
;ed/ sK xZN'- xZN ofjw sK eo'. " pZfunK B/ d/fynk, fJj wkVu{ fijk w[ zvk fet/_ j[ew
ukVQ fojk j?. gkrb s'_ jN e/ fJ; tZb j' rJ/, y{p e[NkJh ehsh. xo nke/ wK B{z
dZf;nk. wK B/ iayw X'J/.dtkJh bkJh, n;h;K fdzfdnK fejk- s{z T[; dh nktkia pfDnK fi;
dh e'Jh nktkia Bjh_ ;h, p/;jko/ dk ;jkok. oZp s/ok Gbk eo/rk g[Zso, uzr/ ezw tk;s/ e[ZN
ykDh gt/ fMieh_ BKj.
gVkQJh ftu uzrk Bk fBefbnk. gzi iwksK gk; eoe/ eZgV/ d/ tgkoh e'b gzi o[gJ/
wjhB/ dh B"eoh s/ bZr frnk. T[E/ j'o bVe/ th B"eo ;B. Jhdh B/ d' bVfenK fto[ZX
g?;/ u'oh eoB pkps dZ; fdsk. T[BQK ftu'_ fJe B/ fejk- Jhdh th ;kv/ Bkb ;akwb ;h.
;/m rofink- ypodko i/ j'o petk; ehsk. jkih ;ae{o dk g[Zso u'o Bjh_ j' ;edk.
;'funk eodk- w?_ shbK dhnK vZphnK s/ g?B;bK rbhnK ftu t/funk eoKrk, nkwdB
ftu'_ ;a/no yohdKrk, j'o pus j't/rh sK j;gskb T[;koKrk, fJe c?eNoh th, fiE/ e/tb
rohpK B{z o[irko fwb/. nzrjhDk tk;s/ tZyok fgzv t;ktKrk. jwT[wo pZu/ jZ;d/- s{z ;[cB
;kia jI?, ;/yfubh, jtkJh wfjb T[;kodk ofjzB?. Jhdh nkydk - jkb/ ezw w?_ xZN eo ;edk
jK, go ;'uK feT[_ xZN ? fizBh d{o sZe ;'funk ik ;ed?, ;'uKrk.
d/; tzv t/b/ w?wB gkfe;skB Bjh_ ikDk ukj[zd/ ;B. fJe sK fiBkj B/ tk;sk
gkfJnk- w?wBk pr?o gkfe;skB dk tgko mZg j' ikJ/rk, d{i/ tZbG GkJh gN/b B/ pzNtk s/
jwbk eotk fdZsk. T[;dk fJokdk w?wBk dk eko'pko jfEnkT[D dk ;h. dzr/ j'D bZr/ sK
nwB g;zd w?wB fjios eoB br/ . eokuh dh fJe ;[zBh jt/bh ftu fJBQK dk T[skok
j'fJnk. p/;ae tX/o/ b'e T[ZiVhnK fjzd{ ikfJdkdK T[go epia/ eod/ rJ/, Jhdh dk fgsk fJ;
d/ fybkc ;h. fJe ewok feokJ/ s/ fbnk fi; ftu gfotko t; frnk s/ d[ekB feokJ/ s/
b?e/ nkg efw;aB J/izN dk ezw eoB bZrk. Jhdh B/ gfjbK fBe;[e o/jVh s/ t/funk,
w[Bkck j' frnk sK gkB dh fBZeh fijh d[ekB y'bQ bJh.
fgsk B{z b'e nkyd/- s/o/ e'b g?;/ dh xkN Bjh_. w[ zv/ B{z uZi dk eko'pko f;yk, tZvh
d[ekB b? d/j. fgsk nkydk- j/mK s'_ ;a[o{ eo/rk ekw:kp j'J/rk. fJjB{z nkdwh dh fcsos
ns/ g?;/ dh ehws dk gsk bZrDk ukjhd?. gfjb'_ jh T[go uVQ ikt/ sK pZuk j/mbh ;ukJh
s'_ tkec Bk j'D ekoB c/bQ j' iKd?. j/m'_ T[go ikJ/rk, Bjh_ fvr/rk.
1948 ftu w?wBk B/ dkB ok;ah okjh_ uZbD tkbh fv;g?_;oh y'bhQ. tkbzNhno wzr/
rJ/. Jhdh B/ Bkw fbytk fdsk. e[Zb nZm tbzNhnoK ftu' Jhdh ;G s'_ S'Nk ;h. nZp{ B{z
b'e g[Sd/- s{z fezBk dkB fdZsk Gok? nZpk Jhdh tZb T[_rb eoe/ nkydk- ;G e[ZM.
Jhdh B/ d/fynk, fpwkoK Bkb ftseok j' fojk ;h. w?wBk B{z dtkJh fdsh ikt/rh.
i/ puh sK j'oK B{z . Jhdh ;kok fdB B"eoh eoe/ nZXh oks sZe fv;g?_;oh ftu w[cs
fvT{Nh fdzdk go pkeh tkbzNhno gzi xzfNnK pkd p{jk pzd eoe/ ub/ iKd/. n?e;o/ eoB
tkb/ w[ zv/ ;ao/nkw fo;ats b?_d/. gqpzXeK dh whfNzr j'Jh, fJe nwho d{i/ B{z tfvnk fojk
;h. ukgb{;h d/ ;ko/ tke ysw j'J/ sK Jhdh yb' frnk, fejk w?_ th e'Jh rZb eoBh j?.
fJj eh rZb eo/rk? jZ;D bZr/, sknB/ d/D bZr/, Bk jfNnk sK u[Zg eoe/ ;[DB br/. Jhdh
B/ ;kohnK u'o w'ohnK, ewi'aohnK dk godk ck;a eo fdsk. w[ Ze/ jtk ftu T[bo/, jZE'gkJh
j'Jh, Jhdh B{z XZe/ wko e/ pkjo eZY fdsk, e'Jh wddrko Bk pj[fVnk. fe;/ B/ Jhdh B{z
fejk- wkVk j'fJnk, s/oh p/fJiash j'Jh Jhdh. Jhdh B/ fejk- fpbe[b Bjh_, w/oh p/fJiash
e'Jh eo Jh Bh ;edk. w?B{z e[M gq/;aKB ehsk j? T[BQK B/. p/fJiash sK T[BQK dh j'Jh fijV/
u'o B/, M{m/ B/. fgsk B/ ;akpk;a fdsh s/ fejk- s{z ;ys fwjBs ns/ JhwkBdkoh Bkb T[BQK
B{z gSkV/rk. Biaonzdkia eoh ub, nkgDk o;sk Bk SZvh.
103

1951 ftu ngDh pZus ehsh oew 2300 o[gJ/ ftu'I T[;B/ whmkdko ftu fv;g?_;oh
y'bQh. f;ZXhnk ezgBh s'_, xN g?;/ Bkb dtkJhnK yohddk, fJe vkeNo oZy fbnk B"eoh s/.
y[d ckow/;h ns/ tjhyks/ dh f;ybkJh b?_dk ofjzdk, oks B{z d[ekB nZr/ gZEo d/ p?_u T[go
;" iKdk, oks B{z wohia nkT[_dk sK c;N J/v d/ fdzdk. p/;ae fJbki dh ch; pj[s E'VQh ;h
go pZus j'D bZrh. fJ; pZus ;dek T[;B/ d[BhnK d/yDh ukjh. p; okjh_I 1956 ftu
JhokB, s[oeh :{BkB, pbrkohnK ftu'_ bzxdk j'fJnk :'r';bkthnk sZe nZgfVnk, coK; ns/
s[oeh d/y/. fJwhro/;aB tkb/ ;ojZd s/ o'e e/ sbk;ah b?_d/, f;tkfJ d' i'V/ eZgfVnk d/ s/
e[M ykD d/ ;kwkB d/, eZgV/ d/ M'b/ ftu e[ZM Bk j[zdk sK rohp :ksoh ;wM e/ dkBh
nc;o g?;/ d/ fdzd/. d[nktK fdzdk bzx iKdk.
d/ydk, gZSwh d/;K d/ b'e fezBh s/ia ukb ubd/ jB. fezBh ;ys fwjBs eod/ jB.
gkfe;skB ? gkfe;skB fJBQK Bkb fet/_ ob/rk. fiBkj B/ gfjb/ d"o ftu fijVh pkiah fiZsh,
d{i/ d"o ftu jkoh ik ojh fd;dh ;h.;'udk, d/; nkg/ Jh nkgD/ fybkca j'Jh ik fojk j?.
b'e T[; B{z ykD bJh e[M d/ fdzd/, yk b?_dk. o/bt/ ;N/;aB s/ ;" frnk. ;t/o/
d/fynk p?_u j/m'_ i[Zsh rkfJp. e'Jh rZb Bjh_. Bzr/ g?ohI fejVk s[fonk Bjh_ iKdk. fJe
n"os B/ g[okD/ p{NK dk i'Vk d/ fdsk, tZvk ;kJhia ;h, T[;/ Bkb :ksok ikoh ojh. fJzrb?_v
ike/ nkgD/ g[okD/ r[ioksh fwZso f;de Jhdh dk xo bZG fbnk. T[j uzrh B"eoh s/ ;h.
Jhdh B{z fejk- s?B{z th uzrh ewkJh tkbh B"eoh fwb ;edh j? fJE/, fizBh fwjBs eo', T[Bh
ewkJh. Jhdh B/ fejk- w/o/ fpBk gkfe;skB fet/_ ub/rk? fij'_ fijk fJzrb?_v j?, w?_
gkfe;skB T[; soK dk pDkT[Dk j?.
r?ojkiaoh ftu Jhdh fto[ZX nctkjK T[vkJhnK rJhnK fe T[j dkB d/ g?;/ b?e/
ftd/;a GZi frnk j?. fv;g?_;oh tkfbnK gquko ehsk- sK jh sK n;h T[; u'o B{z eZfYnk ;h.
tkg; nk e/ d[ekB d/ T[gobk ewok feokJ/ s/ b?e/ iZuk pZuk f;ybkJh e/_do y'bQD
dk n?bkB eo fdsk. e'o; f;yD bJh noihnK dk jVQ nk frnk. nkb'ueK B/ gquko
ehsk- fJj d[okukoh j?, wkV/ ezwK bJh Bth d[ekB y'bQh j?, fJj w[;bwkB Bjh_. tr?ok
tr?ok. fijVhnK e[VhnK gfjb/ p?u ftu vodhnK dkyb Bk j'fJnk T[j nrb/ p?u ftu nk
rJhnK. dkB-vZp/ ftu dkBh b'e tXhe g?;/ gkT[D bZr/. feT[_fe wkbeh fJeZb/ dh ;h,
;[;s, ewi'o w[bkiawK B{z jNk e/ fjzwsh pzd/ oZy b?_dk.
1951 ftu jKreKr cb{ dh fpwkoh T[mh, tvh frDsh ftu w"sK j'D bZrhnk.
;bkjekoK dh ;bkj d/ T[bN, Jhdh B/ ;/tk eoB dk c?;bk fbnk. ;afjo d/ uko/ gk;/ s/oK
N?_N pkjotko bk e/ n?bkB eo fdsk fe wohia nkT[D. dtkfJnK dk pzd'p;s i' j' ;edk
;h ehsk. dkB-pe;/ oZy e/ T[go fbfynk- d/D bJh e[M j? fdT[, Bjh_ sK Bk ;jh. Jhdh
dk ;G e[M s[jkvk j?. s[jkvk- Jhdh.
fJe w?wB tgkoh eJh fdB Jhdh dk ezw Yzr poheh Bkb d/ydk fojk. T[;B/ fJe'
tko thj jiako dkB d/ fdsk. T[;/ ;akw g[okDh t?rB ;Zs jiako o[gJ/ dh b?e/ g/_N
eotkfJnk, T[go fby fdsk- rohp dh w'No. fJ; fgS'_ edh XB dh ewh BK nkJh. ;ko/
f;zX ftu gzi n?_p{b?_; rZvhnk ;B i' b'V g?D s/ BK fwbdhnK, Jhdh jkiao j[zdk, fJE' sZe
fe g[b; wfjew/ B{z th itkp Bk fdzdk. fe;/ B{z fJBeko Bjh_. j[D se dkB e/tb rohpK
B/ fdsk ;h, gfjbh tko nwho nkdwh tb'_ dkB fwfbnk. fJ; fgS'_ fszB bZy o[gJ/ fJe
;/m B/ fdZs/ fi; Bkb g[okDh n?e;o/ dh w;ahB yohdh, gbkN yohfdnk d' vkeNo j'o oZy
bJ/, d' jkb, fszB toKv/ uko ewo/ w?NofBNh :{fBN d/ fgS/ feokJ/ s/ b? bJ/.
T[;B/ c[ ZNgkEK s/ gJ/, ;hto gkJhgK ftu gJ/ rohp b'eK B{z SZs j/m fbnKdk.
nwho uhed/- d/y', T[j fpwkoK B{z fezBh xNhnk y[oke fdzd?. Jhdh nkydk- s[;h_ fJBQK B{z
nkgD/ wfjbK ftu b? ikU, ;/tk eo', nZbkj y[;a j't/rk. wdd Bjh_ eoBh Bk ;jh, w?B{z
o'e' sK Bk.
T[;B/ d/fynk- M[ZrhnK M"gVhnK ftu'_ nkT[_d/ pzfdnK ftu' pdp{ nkT[_dh. tkbzNhno
wohia B{z B[jk fdzd/ sK cNk cN nkg ;kpD Bkb orV orV fgzvk wb e/ BjkT[_d/. eZgV/
X'e/ ehNBk;ae x'b ftu gk fdzd/, eJh sK c/o th ;[e/ eZgV/ dkB eo fdzd/. Jhdh B/ fJ;
104

n?boih s'_ S[Nekok gkT[D bJh bktko; bk;aK dk ;;eko eoB dk ezw nkozfGnk. y{jK ftu
pdp{ wkodhnK bk;aK, ;w[zdo ftu s?odhnK ekbhnK bk;aK, jZE bkT[D s/ jh wk; y[o
iKdk.N?bhc'B bZr frnk sK ezw eJh r[Dk tX frnk, fdB oks ub ;' uZb. T[j iaywhnK
B{z gfjbK u[edk, bk;aK pkd ftu.
;/mK B/ g?;/ dh d[otos'_ d/ fco ;'a';a/ SZv/, Jhdh B/ fpnkB SgtkfJnk "fijVk w?B{z
g?;/ fdzdk j?, T[j w??E'I fj;kp wzrD dk jZedko j?. fi; B{z dkB d/D fgS'_ gSsktk j'fJnk,
T[j nkJ/ s/ g?;/ tkg; b? ikt/. jo/e dkBh B{z o;hd fdnk eoKrk, o;hd fdykJ/ s/ g?;/ b?
ikt/. fi; B/ e'Jh dkB Bjh_ fdsk, T[; B{z Bk fj;kp fdnKrk, BK gqtkj eoKrk. "
1958 ftu fgsk B/ d'tK GoktK ftu ikfJdkd tzvh sK Jhdh bZygsh pD frnk. p?_e
ftu iwQk eotk e/ nkgDk fBZih youk fJ; d/ ftnki ftu'_ eoB bZrk, i' pu iKdk, ;a/no
yohd b?_dk. Jhdh fto[ZX ;G s'_ tXhe wzdk p'bD tkb/ ;/m dk pZuk SZs s'_ fvr fgnk.
n?_p[b?_; Bk fwbh. Jhdh B{z gsk bZrk, rZvh d'VkJh, w"e/ s/ g[Zik.iawhB s/ fgnk pZuk Sksh
Bkb bkfJnk, d[;awDk B{z rZvh ftu fpmk e/ j;gskb tZb d"fVnk, j;gskb dkyb eotke/
gosfdnK wK d/ p'b :kd nkJ/- fizBk fgnko s[jkB{z w?_ ehsk, T[ZBk fgnko eoh_I wB[ ZyK B{z.
nZbkj B/ nkgD/ nkg B{z n?t/_ sK Bjh_ oZpZ[bnkbwhB (;ko/ ;z;koK dk ;KMk oZp) fejk. pZuk
pu Bk ;fenk. ;/m dh n"os jo wjhB/ iaeks d/ g?;/ Jhdh e'b G/idh.
fJe fdB Jhdh pZ; ftu ;co eo fojk ;h. T[; dk r'vk fJe ;{Nv p{Nv pkp{ d/
r'v/ B{z S[j frnk. pkp{ fuZbkfJnk- w[M/ ws S{. s{ rzdk nkdwh j?. gzi ;s i[nkB T[m/,
pkp{ B{z fejk- d[oGkrt; i/ sz{ bktkfo; wo frnk, fJ; s'_ fpBk s?B{z e"D dcB eo/rk?
Jhdh B/ ;G B{z ;aKs ehsk.
Jhdh d/y fojk ;h, fiBQK w?wBk B{z fiBkj B/ gkfe;skB ikD bJh wBkfJnk ;h, Bjh_
sK tgko v[Zp ikt/rk, T[j Gfo;aN j' rJ/ ;B. XB ns/ ukgb{;h Bkb u'D bVB tkb/ b'eK
dh wdd eod/ s/ fco tgko ftu jZE ozrd/. g?;/ d/ i'o w[ifow poh j' iKd/. fJ;
jB/oBroh fybkc bVB bJh 1962 d/ ;kb gkobhw?_N u'D bJh ekria Go fds/.
gfjb'_ wBkT[D d/ :sB j'J/, fco XwehnK fwbhnK, ekria tkg; Bk bJ/ sK fco
e[{V gouko dk d"o uZfbnk.ypoK SgDhnK ;a[o{, "Jhdh d/ j;gskb ftu'_ fijVhnK uko
e[VhnK rkfJp j'JhnK ;B, gs? T[j fe; fe; B{z fezB/ fezB/ dhnK t/uhnK? gs? Jhdh B/ fezB/
bZy dk rpB ehsk?"
Jhdh ;[zB j' frnk. fJj eh j'fJnk? ikDB bJh fe e'Jh w?B{z g;zd eodk j? fe
Bk, ekria Go/. fJj sK B/eh tkbk eko'pko jh pzd eo d/Dr/. T[;B{z Bk;se, u'o,
ftGukoh ns/ nBgVQ, w{oy d/ fyskp fwb/. Bk T[;dh e'Jh gkoNh, Bk T[;B/ gouko ehsk,
feT[_ ykjwykj g?;k o'jV/? t'NK gJhnk Bshik nkfJnk, 29 ;kb dk i[nkB foekov s'V t'N
b? e/ fiZfsnk.
1965 dh Gkos-gkfe izr bZrh. pzpkoh j[zdh, uhyK fuZbkjNK. Jhdh e'b ;?_efVnK dh
frDsh ftu i[nkB, tkbzNhno Gosh j'D bZr/. Jhdh B/ gfjb/ fdB ;wMk fds/- bhvoK dh
oh; Bjh_ eoBh w[ekpbk Bjh_ eoBk, fJBQK torh f;nk;s Bjh_ eoBh. T[Zuk T[mDk j? sK
w/oh f;nk;s eo', Xow dh, jwdodh dh f;nk;s. ;aZe j? sK gfjbk fJBQK Bkb s[o gt'.
fJe fdB nkt/rk, fJBQK B{z SZv e/ c/o s[;h_ w/o/ e'b nk ikUr/.w/oh f;nk;s fEo j?, fiE/
j?, T[E'_ e'Jh Bjh_ fjbk ;edk. ;/tk dh f;nk;s eo'.
S/ ftXtktK, sbke-a;[adk n"osK e'b Jhdh B/ ftnkj dh g/;ae;a G/ih, fe;/ B/ gqtkB
Bk ehsh, ";hfwzN dk p?_u fJ; dk jBhw{B p?Zv j'J/rk. w[od/ fJ;dh izB uVQBr/", torhnK
fNZgDhnK eoe/ e[VhnK p[VQhnK jZ;dhnK. gzdoK ;kb dh fpbeh; dk ftnkj j'fJnk ;h sK
d/; tzv tes T[j ftXtk j' rJh, T[Bh ;kb dh B{z T[;dh wk;h Jhdh d/ Bof;zr j'w ftu
ezw fdtkD nkJh. e[Vh y[;a fwikia ;h, ezw eoB ftu c[osh s/ fBwosk d't/_.T[; B{z d/y e/
Jhdh dk e[oZys ;[Gk fwZmk j' iKdk, T[j Xhwk j'D dk :sB eodk, edh j'mK s/ w[;ekB
nk iKdh. fJe e[Vh B/ Jhdh tZb fJ;akok eoe/ fejk- d/y' Jhdh jZ; fojk j? s/ uheD dh
105

EK rZbK eo fojk j?. fpbeh; p'bh, " ni/ fiT[_dk j?. " Jhdh B/ fJj e[w?_N ;[De/ fejk,
" w?_ fJwkos T[uh T[;koBh ukj[zdk ;K. g[ZNh ik fojk jK, u"dK ;kb s'_ w"sK ftueko
fxfonk pzdk fiT[_dk j'D dk dkntk fet/_ eo/ ? ;a[eo j? fe;/ B{z bZfrnk fe w?_ fiT[_dk
jK."
T[; dh ;[jos tXD bZrh. u[o;s/ ftu m{mk oZy e/ p?m iKdk. dkBhnK dh GhV
bZr iKdh, No?fce ikw j' iKdk. nypko tkb/ g[Sd/, "Jhdh s/o/ e'b g?;/ xZN jB i'
u[o;s/ ftu p?m ikB??" nkydk- Bjh_ b'V i'r/ jB. e[M pzd/ jB, i' ;'ud/ jB fe w/o/
w[bkiawk dh EK w?B{z dkB d/Dr/, fJ; dk tXhe g[zB bZr/rk. w/o/ e'b j[D gzi n?_p[b?_;K, tZvk
Bof;zr j'w, tZvk :shwykBk s/ b'V i'r/ g?;/ jB. sK th w?B{ m{mk fJj :kd eotkT[_dk
ofjzdk j? fe Jhdh, n;b ftu s{ wzrsk j?. fJj j? s/oh ;jh n"eks. Bk w? w"bth jK Bk
;zs. w/oh j?;hns, wzrs/ dh j?;hns w?B{ G[ZbDh Bjh_ ukjhdh.j[D sK b'e fpBk o;hd wzrD
d/ XVk XV g?;/ ;[ZNh iKd/. Jhdh oZp dk ;a[eokBk eofdnK nkydk- fJj j? yok fJ;bkw.
wB[Zy, wB[Zy dh pKj cV/, d[yh dh dko{ pD/.
fpbeh; Bkb wzrDk j'fJnk sK w?wBk B/ ;[B/jk G/fink- i/ s{z fpnkB d/ d/t/_ fe
s?B{z Jhdh B/ S/fVnk j?, pb?ew/b ehsk j? sK gZuh jiako d/ fdnKr/ .fpbeh; Bkb T[;dk
fBekj j' frnk. e'Jh fJeZm Bjh_, fdyktk Bjh_, ohsK o;wk Bjh_. Jhdh jZ; e/ fejk eodk
;h- Gkosh jho'nK, dbhg e[wko iK okieg{o tork Bjh_ w?_, go fcbwK ftu fit/_ T[BQK dk
o[wK; ns/ ftnkj j[zdk j?, w/ok T[;/ soK j' frnk. T[BQK dk Bebh, w/ok n;bh. e[VhnK B{z
id'_ fpbeh; dh wzrDh pko/ ypo fwbh sK T[BK fejk- fpbeh; eh eo ojh_ j? s{z? ;kv/
yktzd ;kB{z id'_ gjkVhnK s/ x[wkT[D fcokT[D fbikfJnk eoBr/, fJj s?B{z epo;skB
ftykT[D b? ikJ/rk. fpbeh; th y{p j;dh. e'Jh e[Vh Jhdh torh w'Nh nktki eZYdh, "
fpbeh; bk;aK B{z B[jk fdsk ? fpbeh; gkrbK d/ tkbK ftu'_ i{nK eZY fdZshnK? id'_ n;h_
w/enZg efonk eoKrhnK, s{z w[ofdnk B{z wZbQw s/ ;?_N bkfJnk eo/_rh. "
;Ve feBko/ e'Jh Btiks pZuk ;[ZN frnk. Jhdh B/ fpbeh; B{z cVk e/ fejk- fJj
nkgDk j?. ypoK T[vhnK- fJj Jhdh dk BkikfJia pZuk j? i' fBekj s'_ gfjbK dh eos{s dk
Bshik j?.Jhdh B{z wko fdT[, T[j pdwk;a j?, r[Bkjrko j?.
BtK BtK ftnkj, e[o;h s/ p?mh fpbeh; e'Jh ezw eo ojh_ j[zdh sK rbh ftu'_ dh
bzxdk e'Jh ;aokosh w[ zvk fJj efj e/ d"V iKdk- d/y', wzrs/ e[o;hnK s/ p?m/ d/y'. id'_
gfjbh tko roGtsh j'Jh, T[bNhnK ;ao{ j' rJhnK. Jhdh nkgD/ p[Ze ftu T[; dh T[bNh
;zGkbdk. fJj T[; B{z fJe soK ;pe f;ykT[D tKr ;h fe Jhdh B{z d[yh pzd/ dh e'Jh uhia
p[oh Bjh brdh. w?wB ;wki p/fJiash eodk eodk EZe frnk ;h, Jhdh jZ; e/ fejk
eodk- T[; pzd/ B{z e'Jh p/fJias fet/I eo/ fi; dh fJias j? Jh Bjh_?
nwhBk dh wZdd Bkb fpbeh; d/ g[Zso g?dk j'fJnk. fpbeh; B/ g[ZfSnk- fJj fe;
dk pZuk w/oh r'd ftu d/ fds?_? nwhBk jZ; gJh- fJT[_ ;wM, fe;/ dk j't/ Gkt/_, s{z fJ; B{z
gkb/_rh. wzB b? fe s{z fJ; dh wK j?. Jhdh dk nZpk nkfJnk- g's/ dk Bkw e[sp oZfynk.
nkgD/ pZu/ Bkb rZbK eodh fpbeh; nkydh- nZi Bt/_ eZgV/ gke/ cbkDh ;j/bh d/
xo uZbhJ/? Jhdh u[Zg eo iKdk sK nkydh- ub' fJT[ eod/ nK- ;w[zdo ezY/ uZbhJ/. w?_
bfjoK d/ydh ojKrh. s[;h_ bfjoK ftu'_ w/oh bk;a bZG b?Dh. fco nkydh- ;kv/ fo;as/dko
fezB/ uzr/ B/ fwbDk ukj[zd/ B/ go n;h_ T[BQK B{z T[d'I fwbD iktKr/ id'_ T[j wo ikDr/ .
fJe r[;?bk pzdk dcso ftu nke/ fuZbkD bZrk- bk;aK dk tgko mhe Bjh_ j?.fJE/
fJ; fJbke/ d/ pZu/ jo tes vo/, jo tes ;fjw/ ofjzd/ B/. whmkdko s' pkjo b? ikT[
nkgDk fJj ekoykBk. ;G ;aKs oj/. T[j T[uh T[uh p'bdk tkg; ubk frnk. fszB fdB
pkd fco nkfJnk. fejk- ih S/th_ wziab s/ w/ok Gok fdb c/b j'D ekoB wo frnk j?.
n?_p[b?_; ukjhdh j?. Jhdh n?_p[b?_; b?e/ ubk frnk.
fyM e/ fpbeh; uhedh- uzrk j't/ w?B{z sbke d/ fdT[. oZp eo/ w?E'_ pkd s[jkB{z
gsBh Bk bZG/. Jhdh u[g ofjzdk. fco uhedh- s[jkB{z w/oh fijh phth fwbh, eh nZbkj dk
106

;a[eokBk ehsk ? edh oZp :kd nkfJnk ? Jhdh ezBK B{z jZE bke/ nkydk- oZp B{z ed'_
G[ZfbnK w?_? w/o/ e'b oZp ns/ s?E'_ fJbktk j'o j? eh? j'o e[ZM w?B{z ukjhdk th Bjh_.
Jhdh s'_ id'_ edh rbs c?;bk j' iKdk sK fpbeh; nkydh- gSsktk Bk eo'.rbsh
j'Jh, p/JhwkBh Bjh_ ehsh. xkNk podk;as eo'. pj[s tZvk B[e;kB Bjh_ j'fJnk. Jhdh
nkydk- n"os ukj/ sk uzr/ Gb/ pzd/ B{z fBezwK eo ;edh j?, fJ;/ soK db/o n"os dk
yktzd p[iafdb Bjh_ j' ;edk.
fpbeh; gkrbK dhnK rZbK ;[Ddh ofjzdh. Jhdh g[Sdk, " fJj M{m wkod/ jB, s?B{z
;Zu brd? ?" fpbeh; nkydh- uzr/ Gb/ pzd/ M{m wkoB' Bjh_ jNd/. fJBQK dk fdb jbek
j' iKdk j?, w/ok eh xNd??
1971 ftu Gkos-gkfe izr fSfVnk sK gkfe;skb d/ d' N'N/ j' rJ/. pzrbk d/;
ftu t;d/ gzikph tgkoh pzrkbhnK dh Bcos s'I voe/ gkfe;skB GZi nkJ/. wfjzrhnK
ikfJdkdK ;;shnK t/u nkJ/. fJXo nk e/ e'Jh eko'pko cNkcN fet/I uZb ;edk ;h< pj[s
b'eK B/ Jhdh B{z dkB fdZsk ;h. T[j o;hdK b? e/ nk rJ/ fe g?;/ tkg; ukjhd/ jB. Jhdh
B/ jo/e d/ g?;/ tkg; ehs/ s/ fejk- id'I sZe eko'pko mhe BjhI j[zd/ fJE/ oj'. fiBQK B/
dkB BjhI fdZsk T[j th oj'.
S/ wz}bh fp;fwZbk fJwkos Yfj e/ s/oK c[ZN T[u/ E/j ftu pdb rJh. thj gfotko
wko/ rJ/. Jhdh B/ eo/Bk B{z fBod/F fdZsk, bkFK tk;s/ tZy, }ywhnK tk;s/ tZy szp{ bkJ/.
YkJh ;kb dk pZuk pkjo y/vdk j'D eoe/ pu frnk, T[; d/ wkg/ ns/ ;Zs ;kb dk Gok
wbp/ ftu dp/ gJ/ ;B. fJe gkf;T[I pZu/ dh nktk} nkJh. Gkoh phw jNkfJnk frnk sK
}ywh pZuk fiT[Idk fwb frnk. f;o T[go ;ZN, Sksh dhnK gZ;bhnK dphnK j'JhnK.
j;gskb ftu T[;B/ dZf;nk- wK ykDk pDk ojh ;h. e'Jh uh} w/o/ s/ fvZrh s/ jB/ok j'
frnk. w?I wK dh ntk} ;[Dh, ;kB{z d'jK GoktK B{z nktk}K wko ojh ;hHHHHHHH
fJwokBHHHHHHikt/d. pj[s d/o se fJj ntk}K ;[Ddk fojk. fco u[g j' rJh. w?I ;'funk w?I
wo frnk jK. c/o w?I fe;/ dk p'b ;[fDnKHHH fe;/ B/ Jhdh B{z tki wkoh, sK w?I uheK wkoB
bZrk. w?B{z Jhdh dk BK ;[De/ bZrk w?I wfonk BjhI. j[D/ Jhdh puk bJ/rk. d't/I :shw pZu/
dkdh e'b g[uk fdZs/. T[; ;kb Jhd BjhI wBkJh rJh. G[ZN' w"e/ s/ nkfJnk, Jhdh B{z fejkw?I
wZdd eoK < Jhdh B/ fejk- j'o e"D eo/rk< c"oB okjs G/i. T[;B/ XB, okFD ns/
dtkJhnK s[ozs G/ihnK.
fJe nkdwh fJj d;dk j'fJnk o'Idk ofjzdk- w/oh gsBh ns/ d' XhnK eZgV/ ;h e/
r[}kok eodhnK. Fkw g?D s/ w?I ipoB T[BQK s'I g?;/ y'j e/ Fokp ghIdk. T[j o'IdhnK s/ oZp
nZr/ nodk; eodhnK- ;kB{z w"s d/j. T[j fszB/ wo rJhnK. w?I ed'I woKrk< Jhdh nkydk -
s{z feT[I wo/I < fizBk ;zskg T[BQK B/ MZfbnk, T[j G[rs. s/oh cfonkd ;[DB tkbk e'Jh BjhI.
d' g[soK s/ d' XhnK dk fgsk Jhdh, pZfunK B{z fes/ fgefBe s/ Bk fbik ;edk.
T[j N{o s/ ikD dh f}d eod/ ofjzd/. fJe fdB ;[B/jk fwfbnk fe d{o f;zX ftu bkF
g[ukDh j?. phth B/ fejk - pZfunK B{z th b? uZb. j'o fes/ BjhI fbik ;edk epo;skB Jh
fdyk fbnk. wkg/ fiE/ th ikD, pZu/ T[BQK Bkb ikDk ukj[zd/ B/, ik e/ y[F j[zd/ B/. mhe j?.
Jhdh B/ nkfrnk d/ fdsh. fi; n?Ip{b?I; d/ nrb/ fj;/ ftu wK, Xh dh bkF bkr/ p?mh ;h,
pZfunK B/ fgSb/ gk;/ y[Fh y[Fh SkbK bk fdZshnK s/ ufjeD bZr/.
fdB dk ;co phs frnk. oks g? rJh. e[Vh dh wK o;sk G[Zb rJh. T[;B/ T[u/
fNZb/ s/ yb' e/ tkiK wkoBhnK F[o{ eo fdZshnK. tki dh r{zi tkg; gosdh go j[zrkok
e'Jh BjhI. T[ikV ftu ;ZgK d/ c[ zeko/ ;[DkJh fdzd/. Jhdh B/ rZvh dhnK bkJhNK pkb
fdZshnK. ;kjwD/ uko Bekpg'F x'V;tko pzd{eK bJh yb's/ fd;/. n"os d"Vdh j'Jh fNZb/ s'I
T[so e/ rZvh ftu tV rJh, dZf;nk- fJj e'bjoh d/ ysoBke vke{ B/. gfjbK r'bh wkod/
B/ c/o d/yd/ B/ fi; B{z r'bh tZih T[j e"D ;h.
Bekpg'FK B/ rZvh x/o bJh. bkF d/yh, ;fjw/ pZu/ d/y/, g[ZfSnk e"D j'. x'V/ r[Z;/
ftu g"V gNe oj/ ;B. Jhdh B/ dZf;nk - w?I npd[b ;Zsko jK fi; B{z Jhdh efjzd/ B/.
fJj bkF SZvD ik fojk ;K fe o;sk G[Zb frnk. vke{ B/ fejk- feXo ikD?< fgzv dk okj
107

dZ;fdnK fejk pVk ysoBke fJbkek j?. oks B{z ekjB{z ;co eoBk ;h. s[oB bZfrnK Jhdh
B/ ;bkw ti'I ;Zik jZE wZE/ B{z S[jkfJnk. uko/ vke{nK B/ Sksh s/ jZE oZye/ M[ee/ ;bkw dk
itkp fdZsk. fpbeh; ns/ pZfunK dk ;kj ftu ;kj nkfJnk. Jhdh B/ fpbeh; dh MkV
Mzp ehsh, pZfunK B{z yso/ ftu gk fdZsk ;h.
pkJh ;kb dk fJe e?dh i/bQ ftu wo frnk s/ ;EkBe epo;skB ftu dcBk
fdZsk. T[; d/ d';s nkJ/, efjD bZr/ - fJj gzikp dk ;h. wkg/ p/rkBh EK dcB eoB d/
jZe ftu BjhI go T[BQK e'b bkF fbikD i'r/ g?;/ BjhI. s[;hI SZv nkT[. Jhdh B/ jK eo
fdsh sK fpbeh; B/ fejk w?I th iktKrh, c?;b p/Nk th ikJ/rk. Jhdh B/ fejk- bzwk ;co
j?, go sK eh< ;t/o ;ko uZbD dk c?;bk j'fJnk. s[oB s'I gfjbK gkrbykB/ dk d"ok eoB
frnk. fBrokB B/ fejk - ih nj[ e[Vh g"VhnK ftu p?mh j?. T[soB uVQB tkb/ B{z rkbK
fdzdh j?, dzdhnk tYdh j?. Jhdh T[; e'b frnk, T[mD bJh fejk, T[j NZ; s'I wZ; Bk
j'Jh. Jhdh B/ ug/V iV fdZsh. fco go/ rJh.
o;s/ ftu fJe YbkD s/ w'V eZNdh t?B T[bN rJh. ;ko/ pu rJ/ go Jhdh dk
ipkVk N[ZN frnk. bkr/ e'Jh j;gskb BjhI, whmkdko c'B fwbkfJnk sK T[E'I rZvhnK uZb
gJhnk. o"bk g? frnk fe Jhdh n?e;hv?IN ftu wkfonk frnk. p}ko pzd j' rJ/. G[ZN' wbp/
tkbh jt/bh dh EK T[;oB tkbh pj[wz}bh fJwkos d/ gbkN nbkN eoB whmkdko nkfJnk
j'fJnk ;h. g[ZfSnk- Jhdh feE/ j?< dZf;nk frnk. T[;B/ s[ozs nkgDk j?bhekgNo G/i fdZsk.
j;gskb'I S[ZNh fwbh sK G[ZN' B{z feokfJnk d/Dk ukfjnk, T[;B/ Bk fbnk. fpbeh; B{z efjD
bZrk - fpwko e[Vh B{z ug/V wko e/ s[fonk ;K. nZbkj B{z fJj wB}{o BjhI ;h. d/y fbnk<
fwbh Bk ;jh ;}k<
fJe fwjBsh ftfdnkoEh e?I;o dh gfjbh ;N/i ftu ;h. T[; B{z fJbki bJh g?;/
ukjhd/ ;B. m{mk fjbk e/ Jhdh eokuh d/ u"Ie ftu p?m frnk. pkeh wzrs/ rZvhnK d/ nZr/
fgS/ GZi GZi wzrd/ fco oj/ ;B. Jhdh p[Zs tKr iw frnk. b'e Jhdh B{z d/yd/, o[ed/,
i/pK ykbh eod/ s/ ub/ iKd/. fszB fdBK ftu YkJh bZy o[gJ/ fwb/. wzrs/ p[V p[V eoB
bZr/ - fJjB/ ;kvk y{j ;[ek fdsk j?, G[Zy/ wohJ/ fe fes/ j'o ub/ ikJhJ/< fpbeh; jZ;h -
j'o fes/ feT[I ikDk< tZv/ wzrs/ Bkb ezw s/ nk ikT[.
1977 ftu f}nk T[b jZe B/ ;Zsk jfEnk bJh, G[ZN' B{z e?d ftu ;[ZN fdZsk s/ pkd
ftu ckj/ bk fdsk. gkfe;skB ftu e'Jh e[;fenk sZe Bk. fpbeh; B/ fejk - Jhdh, fJj
p[oh xNBk j'Jh s/ b'e ykw'F j' rJ/. Jhdh B/ fejk - gkfe;skBh je{wsK B/ b'eK B{z ;[zB
eo fdZsk j?, fdwkr ekm wko/ rJ/. GZ[N' B/ ;p}pkr fdykJ/, b'eK B/ t'NK Bkb g/NhnK Go
fdshnK. fwfbnk eZy Bk. T[j ;VeK s/ nk e/ w[}ko/ eoB bZr/ sK f}nk B/ w"e/ dk
ckfJdk T[mk fbnk s/ b'eK B{z fejk - nkg' nkgDhnK M"IgVhnK ftu tV ikT[. b'e M[ZrhnK
ftu tV rJ/.
f}nk T[b jZe B/ Jhdh B{z wkD gZso ns/ gzi bZy o[fgnk G/fink. wkDgZso oZy
fbnk s/ u?e tkg; eofdnK fbfynk - wkDgZso bJh F[eokBk. ;oeko s'I g?;/ BjhI b?Idk.
T[jh ezw eo fojk jK i' ;oeko B/ eoBk j[zdk j?. go ;oeko BjhI eo ojh iK BjhI eo
;edh sK fco goik B{z nkg eoBk ukjhdh j?. w?I b'eK nZr/ M'bh nZvKrk.
edh edh fpbeh; d/ ;[Gkn ekoB T[j g/qFkB j' e/ nkydk - s{z w?B{z u?B b?D
dJ/Irh fe BjhI<
fpbeh; j;dh - u?B< s[jkB{z gs? u?B eh j[zd?< Bk nkg u?B ftu ofjDk Bk fe;/ B{z
ofjD d/Dk. s[;hI sK woB fgS'I th nkyDk j? - w?B{z Bk e'Jh B[jkJ/, w?I nkg BjktKrk.
ypodko e'Jh w?B{z epo ftu T[skoB nkfJnk. w?I nkg T[soKrk.
T[j nodk; eodk - nZbkj, e'Jh tZvk ezw bT[ w/o/ s'I, nfijk ezw i' d[BhnK dh
sedho pdb dJ/. fpbeh; jZ;dh - edh Bk edh oZp ;'u/rk }o{o, fJ; ;[;s ;z;ko ftu
e"D j? fijVk ezw s'I fJbktk e[M BjhI wzrdk.
108

fveN/No d/ jZE ftu ;koh skes j[zdh j?, i/ ukj/ sK w[be dh sedho pdb ;edk
j? go f}nk T[b jZe e'b f;tkfJ ;Zsk ftu ofjD d/ e'Jh fdqFNh BjhI ;h. T[;B/ Jhdh B{z
gkobhw?IN dk w?Ipo b? e/ ;wki GbkJh wfjewk d/ fdZsk.
ok;aNogsh B/ g/;ae;a ehsh -Jhdh B{z j?bhekgNo fdsk ikt/. fJe eoBb T[;dk
;?eNoh j't/rk. Jhdh B/ fejk- w?_ j?bhekgNo btKrk, dkBhnK d/ g?;/ Bkb, feT[_e fJ; dh
b'V j?. w/oh w[ypoh eoB tkb/ fe;/ eoBb dh w?B{z e'Jh b'V Bjh_, w/ok ezw uZb foj?.
b'e BkikfJ} pZfunK B{z fJXo T[Xo ;[ZN iKd/ ;B. Jhdh B/ Bof;zr j'w d/ pkjo
gzx{V/ bNek fds/ - fJE/ nkgDk nDukfjnk pZuk oZy ikT[. w"bthnK B/ cstk fdZsk -
BkikfJ} n"bkd B{z gZEo wko e/ wko' . Jhdh B/ n?bkB ehsk - nkJ/, w/o/ gzx{V/ ftu oZy/
pZu/ B[z e'Jh wko e/ fdykJ/. fJ;bkw wk;{wK B{z d'Fh BjhI wzBdk, fJ;bkw wk;{wK B{z ;}k
BjhI fdzdk, w"bthnK B/ fejk - fJ;bkw BkikfJ} n"bkd B[z r'd b?D dh nkfrnk BjhI
fdzdk. Jhdh B/ fejk - s[;hI es{o/, pb{zrV/ gkb b?Id/ j'. mhe j?. id'I sZe fJ;bkw tb'I
nkfrnk BjhI fwbdh, fJBQK B{z fJt/I oZy bT[. ikfJdkd ftu'I fjZ;k Bk fdT[. s[jck d/ fdT[,
t}hck d/ fdT[. T[;B/ EK Ek fJFfsjko fugekJ/ - fJe r[Bkj eo u[e/ j'. j[D pZuk wko
e/ d{ik r[Bkj Bk eo'. s[jkvk pZuk n;hI gkbKr/. w"bthnK B/ fejk - Jhdh ekco j?.
T[;B{z dkB d/Dk e[co j?.
gkobhw?IN dk ;?FB F[o{ j'fJnk. Jhdh B{z ;Zdk gZso fwfbnk. Jhdh pZ; ftu ;co
eoe/ gkobhw?IN jkT{; g[Zfink. c"ih nc;oK B/ gSkD fbnk sK d"V/ nkJ/- Jhdh ;kfjp, T[j
bkb pZsh tkbh eko s[jkvh j?. s[;hI ;kB{z dZf;nk feT[I BjhI< n;hI b?D nk iKd/. feE/
mfjo/ j'< n;hI s[jkv/ bJh j'Nb p[Ze eotk oZfynk j?. Jhdh B/ fejk - w?B{z fe;/ uh} dh
b'V BjhI. g[okDk e[osk gikwk, opV d/ ;bhgo, w'Y/ p'oh tkbk M'bk, fpbeh; B/ fejk -
e[osk gikwk sK pdb bt'. gfjbK Bkb'I d{ik e[osk gikwk e[M tXhnk ;h sK th wkj"b d/
fcN BjhI ;h. ;kok fdB ;j[z u[ekJh dh o;w B/ Jhdh B{z nek fdsk. w? I fJE/ eh eoB
nkfJnK< FkfJd fJ; bJh w?B{z gkobhw?IN ftu b? fbnk j? sK fe BkikfJ} je{ws ikfJ}
bZrD bZr/.
wzsoh bZS/dko GkFDK Bkb f}nk dh y[Fkwd eo oj/ ;B. nkg' nkgD/ wfjefwnK
bJh rqKNK wzr oj/ ;B. Jhdh B/ p'bD bJh ;wK wzfrnk. gkfe;skB feE/ feE/ fe; fe;
fpwkoh s'I ghVs j? s/ fJ; dk eh fJbki j?, dZ;D bZrk. dZf;nk fe ;oeko b'eK s'I pj[s
d{o j?. T[;B/ dZf;nk fe T[j feE/ feE/ wdd eo ;edk j?, fJ; wdd tk;s/ ;oeko s'I
g?;k BjhI bt/rk, ;oeko nkg g?;k you/. gkobhw?IN ;[zB j' rJh id'I T[;B/ fejk - f}nk
T[b jZe B{z s/ T[;dh ;oeko B{z gsk BjhI fJ;bkw eh j?, fco T[j fJ;bkwh ekB{zB fet/I
bkr{ eo/rh < id'I e'Jh Fkj{eko BthI wof;vh} p?I} ftu FkB Bkb fBebdk j? T[dhI G[Zy/ d/
jZE ftu pzp nk iKdk j?. nzsookFNoh gq?; B/ fejk - wzrfsnk d/ fJibk; ftu e/tb
fJe dksk d/fynk - Jhdh.
e[M fdBK pknd fJe c"ih nc;o Jhdh ckT{Iv/FB nkfJnk. fejk - Jhdh ;kfjp,
w?B{z f}nk ;kfjp B/ G/fink j?. T[BQK B{z bZrk s[;hI T[BQK Bkb Bkok} j'. T[BQK Bok}rh dk
ekoB g[ZfSnk j?. Jhdh B/ fejk - Bkok} BjhI jK. w?I fJj dZ;D dk fJS[Ze jK fe d/; dk
Gbk fet/I j' ;edk j?. w/o/ e'b fJ; dk fJbki j?. fJj fJbki f}nk ;kfjp eo ;ed/
jB. T[j ubk frnk. fco BjhI nkfJnk. fpbeh; B/ fejk - tXhe gzrk Bk fbnk eo'.
T[jB/ sK G[ZN' BjhI SZfvnk. s[jkvh eh j?;hns <
1982 ftu fJzv'B/Fhnk d/ okFNogsh ;[jkos' B/ gkfe;skB nkT[Dk ;h. Jhdh B{z ;Zdk
nk frnk. ;Zdk fJzv'B/Fhnk d/ ;ckosykB/ tb'I nkfJnk ;h, :kBh fe ;[jkos' tb'I. Jhdh s[o
fgnk, FkfJd ;[jkos' B/ fe;/ s'I Jhdh dk Bkw ;[fDnK j't/. ;Zdk gZso d/y e/ fJe nc;o
Jhdh B{z thHnkJhHghH njks/ tZb SZv frnk. n?bkB j'fJnk - ijk} nkT[D tkbk j?. ;ko/
thHnkJhHghH ijk} sZe ftSkJh bkb doh d/ d'jhI gk;hI f;ZXh esko ftu yb's/ ;B. Jhdh B/
B}o d"VkJh - fbFed/ fbpk;, p{NK dhnK N'nK fJT[I uwedhnK fit/I doh d/ feBko/ w'shnK
Bkb go'J/ j'D. fJBQK Bkb fJe Jhdh th ;h. fJe nc;o T[; e'b nkfJnk fejk - Jhdh
109

;kfjp. w?B{z nc;'; j? fe w?B{z dZ;Dk g? fojk j?, fJj' fij/ w"fenK s/ yk; fbpk; gkT[Dk
j[zd?. iK sK s[jkB{z eZgV/ pdbD/ g?Dr/ iK HHH, nc;'; j? ;o, s[jkB{z fJE'I ikDk gt/rk.
Jhdh B/ fejk - id'I w?B{z ;Zdk G/fink frnk ;h, T[d'I ;oeko B{z w/o/ fbpk; dk gsk BjhI
;h < s[jkvk fynkb ;h ;Zdk gZso fwbD ;ko w?I Bt/I eZgV/ f;bk btKrk < fJj ;[D e/
nc;o ubk frnk. fco d' j'o nc;o nk rJ/. fejk - Jhdh ;kfjp fJj ;kvk }ksh
wkwbk BjhI j?. fJj ;kvh fvT{Nh j?, n;hI ;tkrs ftu e'Jh B[e; Bk ofjD d/JhJ/. s[;hI
ub/ ikT[.
Jhdh B/ T[uh ntk} ftu fejk - dck j' ikT[. w?I fJE/ yb'tKrk. fi; pzd/ B/ shj
;kb fdB d/fynk Bk oks, ezw eodk gkrb j' frnk, T[j s[jkB{z p[ok brdk j?. w?I ;Zdk
gZso ep{b eoe/ g[Zi frnk jK. j[D nkgDk c?;bk BjhI pdbKrk. T[j BhthnK gk e/ ub/
rJ/. tkg; nk e/ Jhdh B/ fJ; xNBk dk t/otk fdzfdnK ;oeko B{z fbfynk - GftZy ftu
w?B{z fe;/ ;oekoh ;wko'j ftu Bk p[bkfJnk ikJ/. fijV/ e[M BjhI eod/, b[ZNd/ jB, yKd/
jB, ghId/ jB, ;"Id/ jB, T[BQK B{z p[bkfJnk eo'. j[D nc;o fywk wzrD nkJ/ - Jhdh ;kfjp
s[jkvk T[E/ j'Dk pj[s }o{oh ;h, ;r'I gqFz;k:'r ;h, Jhdh ;kfjpHHHHHHHJhdh ;kfjpHHHHHHHH.
fpbeh; B{z fejk - id'I nc;o w?B{z pkjo dk o;sk fdykD bZr/ ;B w/ok fdb
ehsk ;h p?r ftu'I o;hd p[Ze eZY e/ fJBQK s'I dkB wzrDk F[o{ eo fdnK. fpbeh; B/ fejk
- c/o sK u[Ze e/ s[jkB{z pkjo ;[ZN d/Dk ;h T[BQK. Jhdh B/ fejk - w?B{z e'Jh pkjo BjhI ;[ZN
;edk. w/oh p/fJ}sh, nkdw}ks dh p/fJ}sh j'Dh ;h.
T[;B/ b?pBkB ikD dh nkfrnk wzrh. n?Ip?;h B/ p?Ie ;N/Nw?IN wzrh. Jhdh B/ fejk-
wzrs/ e'b p?Ie ;N/Nw?IN feE/ < w/o/ e'b e'Jh g?;k BjhI. th}k fwb frnk. ijk} v[pJh
T[sfonk. fJE'I p; okjhI p?o{s ikDk ;h. fiE/ p; B/ T[sko/, T[E'I w;fid d/ whBko d/y/.
G[Zy bZrh j'Jh ;h. w;fid ftu Bwk} gVQh. fJe gfjo/dko nkN/ dhnK p'ohnK dh okyh eo
fojk ;h. fJFko/ Bkb T[; s'I o'Nh wzrh, T[; B/ fejk - wkc eo'. Jhdh p?mk fojk. T[j'
gfjo/dko tZvh ;koh o'Nh s/ uko gzi NwkNo d/ frnk. o'Nh dk u"Ek fjZ;k NwkNo Bkb yk
e/ pkeh dh M'b/ ftu gk bJh. p?o{s T[iV u[ek ;h. ykbh wekB, YZm/ j'Nb, T[ikV
;[zB;kB rbhnK. j'Nb ;kjwD/ b/N/ fJe pzd/ B{z g[ZfSnk - w?I feE/ ofj ;edk jK< T[;B/
nkgD/ jZE T[mk e/ fejk - fiE/ wo}h. Xosh n;wkB ;G ykbh jB. jo uh} w[cs j?.
Ffjo BjhI, epo;skB brdk ;h fJj. fJe p}[or f;gkjh fvT{Nh d/ fojk ;h. T[;B{z
dZf;nk fe w?I gkobhw?IN dk w?Ipo jK, w?B{z gkfe;skBh ;ckosykB/ dk o;sk dZ; fdT[.
f;gkjh j?okB j' frnk, fejk - n?wHghH sK nwohek ns/ :'og dh ;?o eoB iKd/ jB. s[;hI
fJZXo fet/I nkJ/< f;gkjh B{z th G[Zy bZrh j'Jh ;h. d'jK B/ Jhdh d/ M'b/ ftu'I puh j'Jh
o'Nh NwkNoK Bkb ykXh. ekr} gZso d/y e/ f;gkjh B/ fejk - J/; rZvh ftu i/ g?No'b
g[nk fdT[ sK w?I s[jkvk vokfJto ns/ rkJhv j'tKrk.
p/xo/ b'e szp{nK ftu ofj oj/ ;B. G[Zy/ pZu/ jZE nZv e/ Jhdh nr/ yb' iKd/.
Jhdh B/ fJe fJe gfotko B{z d' d' ;" vkbo fdZs/. F[eokBk eofdnK nkyd/, ;kv/ nop
Gok sK nkJ/ BjhI. s[;hI gkfe;skB'I jwdodh eoB nkJ/. Jhdh B/ fejk - gkfe;skB dh
;bkwsh bJh d[nk eo'.
1983 d/ ;kb f;zX ftu skBkFkjh fto[ZX b'e o'j T[mD bZrk. Jhdh T[go fJb}kw
bZr/, bkFK Y'D d/ pjkB/ fJj jfEnko ;gbkJh eodk j?. Jhdh B/ e'Jh itkp BjhI fdZsk.
fco ;tkb j'fJnk - i/ vke{nK d/ fybkc j? sK Jhdh vke{nK fto[ZX fpnkB feT[I BjhI fdzdk<
Jhdh B/ fejk - pZu/ vke{ feT[I pD/, fJ; dk ekoB bZG e/ fJbki eo' . wkj"b J/Bk
y"c}dk j' frnk j? fe f;zX dhnK w;fidK ftu e'Jh Bwk} gVQB BjhI iKdk. i/ g[b; ns/
c"i d/ j[zfdnK nkw nkdwh ;[oZfyns BjhI sK jfEnko nkw b'eK ftu tzv fdT[. T[j
nkgDh okyh nkg eo b?Dr/. s[jkv/ pzrb/, ekoK s/ p?Ie yks/ s[jkv/ i[owK dk ;p{s jB.
Jhdh B{z gsk brdk fe cbkDh EK g[b; ns/ vke{nK ftueko r'bhpkoh j' ojh j?,
nkgDh t?B ;NkoN eoe/ T[E/ g[Zi iKdk. bkT{v ;gheo ftu n?bkB eodk- Jhdh bkFK ns/
110

}ywhnk B{z b?D nkfJnkk j?. r'bh pzd eo'. r'bhpkoh pzd j' iKdh. d'jK gkf;nK d/
}ywhnK s/ bkFK B{z b? e/ tkg; s[o g?Idk. w[ekpbk c/o F[o{ j' iKdk.
ow}kB d/ wjhB/ Fkwh xo gos fojk ;h. Jhdh B/ eko fgS/ d' jfEnkopzd pzd/
Ffj e/ p?m/ d/y/. T[go fBrkj wkoh sK ;[fBnko dh SZs T[go J/e/ ;zskbh bJh yb's/
i[nkB d/y/. r'bhnK uZbhnK. fJe B/ fejk - Jhdh ;kfjp ub/ ikT[ BjhI wko/ ikUr/. Jhdh
B/ fejk - BjhI iktKrk. fJj c;sk tZY jh fdT[ sK uzrk. SZs s'I fJe i[nkB fuZbkfJnk -
p?m ikT[ Jhdh s/ Bkb jh j/mK Skb wko fdZsh. r'bh T[;d/ fdb ftu'I dh bzx rJh. bj{
d/ c[jko/ ezXK T[go ub/. Jhdh dh ikB pukT[Id/ d' i[nkB wo/. bj{ fGZi/ eZgV/ d/y e/
fpbeh; B/ g[fSnk- fJj eh < ;koh rZb dZ;h. nrbh ;t/o fpbeh; w"ek d/yD rJh. wk;
d/ N[eV/ ni/ fybo/ gJ/ ;B.
g[b; w[ekpb/ ftu wo/ vke{nK dhnK bkFK ;BwkB ;fjs whmkdko ftu dcBkJhnK.
ysoBke vke{ eFwho/ d/ foFs/dko T[;dh eNh j'Jh bZs b? e/ nkJ/. bZs dk ;;eko eo
fdZsk. T[; ;kJh} dh bZs pDtk e/ T[BQK B{z d/ fdsh. g[b; xZNkBh vke{ dh bkF b? e/
nkJh. fe;/ B/ fejk - xZNkBh pj[s p[ok nkdwh ;h. fpbeh; fuZbkJh- fe;/ wK d/ g/N ftu'I
vke{ BjhI izwdk . ekB{zB fJ; s'I tZv/ b[N/fonK dh fjck}s eo foj?.
vke{nK d/ nkgD/ nkgD/ fJbke/ ;B, nkg' nkgDhnK u?e g';NK, Jhdh dh rZvh o[edh
sK nktk} nkT[Idh - Jhdh pkpk j?. ikD fdT[.
1986 ftu fcbghB ;oeko B/ w?r;k;/ ;BwkB d/D dk c?;bk ehsk. whnK phth B/
d' d' i'V/ eZgfVnK d/ g?e eo bJ/. ijk} s'I T[so/ sK ;tkrs tk;s/ p?Iv tZi fojk ;h.
fJe eko ftu fpmk e/ gzi-skok j'Nb ftu b? rJ/. j'Nb dk ewok d/y e/ fpbeh;
pZfunK tKr jo uh} S[j S[j d/yD bZrh. nkj rZd/ d/y', fezB/ ;kc, fezB/ Bow. f;ojkDk
;[zx e/ sK d/y'. r[bkp dh y[Fp{. fJj r[bkp ib Bkb eZgV/ X'Id/ j'Dr/. nkj god/ d/y'.
fJe fJe BjhI. eJh eJh eZgV/ fJeZm/ f;T[I e/ pDkJ/ B/. fJXo r[;bykB/ ftu nk e/ d/y'
HHHH coF ftu'I fujok fd;dk j?. T[j rZd/ s/ b/Nh s/ ibdh ;"I rJh. Jhdh coF s/ ;"I
frnk. ;t/o/ T[mD ;ko efjD bZrh - w?I nkgD/ bJh fJ; Bkb dk rZdk yohd e/
fbiktKrh. nZi torh BhId edh BjhI nkJh.
;BwkB ;wko'j tes jkb Gfonk j'fJnk ;h. whnK phth dk Bkw p'fbnk frnk.
d't/I T[m e/ T[; EK yb' rJ/ fiE/ fcbghB ns/ gkfe;skB d/ Mzv/ bfjok oj/ ;B.
gkfe;skB dk e"wh sokBk rkfJnk frnk, okFNogsh B/ ;BwkB-fuzBQ ;'B/ dk swrk s/ thj
j}ko vkbo dk u?e fdZs/. whnk phth d't/I o' gJ/. j/mK T[so/ sK skVhnK dh rVrVkjN
Bkb jkb r{zfink.
nrbh Fkw gqXkBwzsoh e?oh nekfJB' B/ G'iB dk ;Zdk fdZsk. Jhdh FKs fojk go
fpbeh; y[Fh ns/ j?okBh Bkb wfjb dh jo/e uh} d/yfdnK nkydh - nj[ d/y JhdhHHH nj[
d/yHHHHHHHckB{; ns/ bkJhNK fit/I n;wkB ftu bNehnK j'D. tkg;h s/ EkJhb?Iv d/ pkdFkj B/
;Zdk fdsk, dknts fdsh. T[; fgS'I pzrbk d/F ftu Jhdh ckT{Iv/FB dh pqKu dk w[nkfJBk
eoB ub/ rJ/. gkfe;skB tkg; nk e/ eJh wjhB/ fpbeh; ;co dhnK ejkDhnK ;[DkT[Idh
ofjzdh. jo ;t/o fgSbh ejkDh ftu BtK tkXk j' iKdk.
nkowhBhnK ftu G{ukb d"okB Jhdh ckT{Iv/FB tb'I fBGkJh G{fwek ekoB ;'thns d/;
B/ FKsh g[o;eko fdsk.
fJe ;wkrw ftu XBh ;/m B/ fejk - Jhdh e'Jh b'e GbkJh BjhI eodk. tgko
eo foj?. fe;/ ;/m B{z T[; d/ ezw dh fBrokBh s/ s?Bks eoBk ukjhdk j?. b'eK B/ T[;B{z
i[ ZshnK wko e/ pkjo eZY fdZsk. Jhdh B{z ypo fwbh, jZ; e/ fejk - vke{, B/e ubDh dk
;oNhfce/N b?D nkfJnk ;h.
T[; T[go nfij/ fJb}kw brd/ - Jhdh c[ ZNgkEK s'I pdubD n"osK u[e e/ b? iKdk
j?. fJ; Bkb ftGuko B{z T[sFkj fwbdk j?. T[j fjzd{nK ns/ Jh;kJhnK tZb tXhe fXnkB
fdzdk j?. Jhdh nkydk - wkBf;e o'rD B{z gsk Jh Bh j[zdk ftGuko eh j[zd?. wod T[BQK
Bkb ipo th eodk j?, fco d'F bk e/ e?d ftu fGitk fdzdk j?. nkFow ftu roGtshnK
111

gkrb n"osK dkyb ehshnK rJhnK jB. ojh rZb fjzd{nk s/ Jh;kJhnk dh. fJ;bkw
nB[;ko oZp fJe j?. nZ:kF b'eK e'b eJh eJh oZp j'Dr/. d[oekfonK j'fJnK dk oZp fJe
j?. fJe w[;bwkB j'D d/ Bks/ w?B{z cyo j? fe w? I r?o w[;bwkBK B{z T[zBk Jh fgnko eodk
fizBk w[;bwkBK B[z. w/oh n?Ip{b?I; e/tb rohp d/ xo BjhI iKdh. nwho tki wkod/ jB sK
g[idh j?. eo'VKgsh pzd/ nkgD/ wkfgnK B{z fJE/ SZv iKd/ jB feT[Ife p'M pD rJ/ jB.
nkyd/ jB - e'Jh sebhc j't/, Jhdh ;kfjp dZ;Dk. fijV/ nkgD/ wkfgnK dk Gko Bh u[e
;ed/, Jhdh B{z eh d/Dr/< fwbD th BjhI nkT[Id/.
o'rhnK ns/ :shwK dh frDsh ftu tkXk j'D bZrk sK eokuh B?FBb jkJht/ s/ 65
J/eV }whB yohd e/ wodK bJh tZyok e/Ido y'bQ fdZsk. fwmkdko tkbk ezgb?e; n"osK
tk;s/ j' frnk. wkBf;e o'rh ;G s'I tZvh w[Feb ;B. T[j r[;bykB/ ftu Bk iKd/. fiE/
fdb eodk rzd ybko fdzd/. y[oe y[oe e/ fi;w fSZb b?Id/. i{nK Bk eYtkT[Id/. dtkJhnK
e'Jh n;o Bk eodhnK. jo ;t/o id'I Jhdh T[BQK B{z fJFBkB eotkT[D iKdk, o"bk g? iKdk
- Jhd{ pkpk nk frnk HHH Jhd{ pkpk nk frnk. trd/ BZeK ns/ w{zj ftu MZrK tkb/ pZu/
T[; B{z u[zwDk ukj[zd/, iZch gkT[Dk ukj[zd/. ;kfonK B{z tko' tkoh fJFBkB eotk e/ dtkJhnK
wb e/ gosdk sK nkydk - jo o'} jZi eo nkT[dk jK.
Jhdh dk fto'Xh XBh w?wB e?I;o dk woh} j' frnk. Jhdh B{z p[bk e/ fejk - Nhe/
dh ;{Jh J/Bk dod eodh j? fe w?I xzfNnK pZXh sVgdk ofjzBk. T[d'I w?B{z s/o/ ezw dh ;wM
g?Idh j?. Jhdh B/ fejk - i/ fJB;kBhns Bk oj/ c/o e'Jh ezw th BjhI ofjDk. nkgK nZbkj
d/ dkfJo/ s'I pkjo BjhI ik ;ed/. fJe j'o ;/m B/ p[bkfJnk s/ fejk - s{z nkgD/ bJh sK
e[M BjhI i'fVnk BjhI Jhdh. fJj ;tk bZy o[gJ/ fBZih s/o/ tk;s/ jB, ;z;Ek tk;s/ BjhI.
Jhdh g?;/ SZv e/ nk frnk.
T[;B/ c?;bk ehsk fe jo 25 feb'whNo d/ dkfJo/l ftu Jhdh GbkJh ;?INo y'bQ/rk.
fJ; tk;s/ ;ko/ d/; dk d"ok ehsk. M[ZrhnK M"IgVhnK ftu t;d/ n"osK wod N[ZN u[Ze/ ;B.
Bzr/ pZu/ gkrbK tKr Jhdh tZb d"Vd/. jT[ek b? e/ Jhdh nkydk - wko{Eb dhnK GftZy
pkDhnK. Ffjoh b'eK B{z w/o/ eZgV/ ;[jD/ BjhI brd/. fJBQK b'eK B{z w/o/ eZgV/ fezB/ ;[jD/
brd/ j'Dr/. nZi w?I ozrdko ewh} ekjB{z gkT[Dk ;h< w?I T[j f}zdrh BjhI ihnKrK fi;dk
fJj ;[cBk th BjhI b? ;ed/.
Jhdh B[z pb'fu;skB ftu e/Ido ;Ekgs eofdnK fe;/ B/ dZf;nk - id'I fe;/ pb'u
;odko dh eko ik ojh j't/ sK s[jkvh n?Ip[b?I; T[; s'I nZr/ bzxD dh r[;skyh Bk eo/.
fJE/ n?Ip{b?I; u'oh th j' ;edh j?. s[jkv/ pzd/ nrtk eoe/, fco"sh wzrh ik ;edh j?.
j?okB j'fJnk Jhdh efjD bZrk - fJj e'Jh j'o d/; j?< fJj w/ok gkfe;skB BjhI<
T[j' rZb j'Jh. n?Ip{b?I; u'oh j' rJh. Jhdh ;odko e'b frnk s/ ik e/ fFekfJs
ehsh. pb'u B/ fJbke/ d/ pzd/ p[bk e/ fejk - Jhdh dh rZvh tkg; eo' BjhI sK s[jkE'I g?;/
T[rokj e/ BthI yohd e/ fdnKrk. nrb/ fdB rZvh bZG rJh.
YkJh ;" e/Ido ;Ekgs j' rJ/ i' tkfJob?; B?Ntoe Bkb fJe d{i/ dh gj[zu ftu
;B. e'ohno ezgBhnK B/ nkgDhnK ;/tktK w[cs d/ fdZshnk. gkfe;skB fJzNoB?FBb
J/nobkJhB B/ jo wjhB/ YkJh e[fJzNb vke w[cs Y'D dh g/FeF ehsh, gqtkB j'Jh.
e'fFF j[zdh fe fi; fJbke/ u'I dkB fwbdk, T[; Bkb T[;/ fJbke/ B{z ;[ftXk fwbdh
go pj[s rohp fJbkfenK ftu e/Ido ;Ekgs eoB bJh fJj n;{b pdfbnk iKdk. fJe
j}ko w[bk}w g?o'b s/ ;B go e[Zb you dk fJj d; gqshFs ;B. n?Ip[b?I;K dh frDsh
gzi ;" j' rJh. Jhdh pkoK eo'V gkfe;skBhnK dh fjck}s tk;s/ nZm/ gfjo fsnko po
fsnko. go e'Jh J/nobkJhB bkF fbikD B{z fsnko BjhI ;h. fJ; tk;s/ Jhdh J/no
;oft; dh b'V gJh. ;kb 1988 ftu nwohek d/ okid{s okpoN Ueb/ B/ j?bhekgNo d/D
dh g/FeF ehsh. Jhdh B/ fejk - i/ fJ; Bkb e'Jh Fos i'Vh fco gqtkB BjhI, fpBK Fos
gqtkB. ijk} fwb frnk.
1989 ftu gzikp d/ w[Zy wzsoh Btk} Fohc B/ ;Zdk G/fink. fwb/. Fohc B/ T[;d/
fwFB dh ikDekoh wzrh. Jhdh B/ fejk - GbkJh eoB s'I tZvh ;fEo f;nk;s j'o e'Jh
112

BjhI. pkjob/ d/FK s'I rqKNK wzrDhnK pzd eo'. gkfe;skB ftu pj[s g?dktko j' ;edh j?,
nksw fBoGo j' ikT[. szrh eZN bT[. pkjo d/ w[Eki Bk pD'.
j?dokpkd ftu w?fBzrNh} Bkw dh fpwkoh c?b rJh. fJj Bot; f;;Nw B{z ieV
b?Idh, p[yko, f;odod, ohVQ dh jZvh dk dod s/ fe;/ e/; ftu w"s th. b'e jVQ tKr
Jhdh e/IdoK tZb s[o gJ/. coK; s'I n?woi?I;h cbkJhN okjhI 30 bZy Nhe/ wzrtkJ/ s/
gkfe;skBh cbkJhNK okjhI e/IdoK ftu ;gbkJh ehs/. ;oeko B/ FkpkF d/D s'I fpBK e[M
BjhI ehsk. p/Fe YkJh ;" w"sK j' rJhnK, go bZyK pu rJ/. Jhdh d/ tbzNhno y[F j'J/,
efjD bZr/ - j[D n;hI gjkVK Bkb Neok ;ed/ jK.
fJe fdB fJe B"itkB whmkdko dcso ftu pVh jbhwh Bkb nzdo bzx nkfJnk,
;bkw no} ehsh. gsbk ;[BZyk w[ zvk ;h. efjD bZrk - ih w/ok Bkw ikt/d j?. gVQ fby
e/ w?I p?Ie ftu eboe bZr frnk jK. S/ wz}bh fp;fwZbk fJwkos d/ E/j ftu'I s[;hI w?IB{z
fiT[Idk eZfYnk ;h. s[jkvh Xh nbwk; Bkb Fkdh eokT[D dk fJS[e jK. fpbeh; nk rJh.
T[;B/ fejk - nbwk; B{z d/y sK b?. T[j p'fbnk- e'Jh b'V BjhI. s[;hI jK eo fdT[.
Y'behnK tZiD bZr gJhnK. ;ko/ Jhdh B{z g[ZSD bZr/ - s[jkB{z gsk j'J/rk s[;hI nkgD/
itkJh B{z pukT[D rJ/ ;T[< rhs rkJ/ rJ/. wzrDh dh o;w j' rJh.
N?bhft}B tb'I ;Zdk nkfJnk fe whnK phth d't/I nkT[. jkb yuk yu Gfonk j'fJnk
;h. doFe yb' e/ T[d'I sZe ;tkrs ftu skVhnK wkod/ oj/ id'I sZe d't/I T[u/ vkfJ; s/
p?m Bk rJ/. fpbeh; B{z ;N/i ;eZso B/ fejk - Jhdh T[go o'FBh gkT[. fpbeh; B/ fejk
- T[j o"FB j?. T[; T[go o"FBh eh eo/rh < ;eZso B/ fco fejk - uzrk nkgD/ ftnkj
pko/ dZ;'. fpbeh; B/ fejk - ftnkj i{J/ tKr j[zdk j? fi; ftu e'Jh fiZs iKdk j? e'Jh
jko iKdk j?. n;hI d't/I fiZs/.
eJh tko Jhdh nip xNBktK s/ j?okB j[zdk fiBQK d/ ekoB gsk Bk brd/. ekb/
g[b j/m fJe ceho ofjzdk ;h. w"s T[gozs g[b d/ B}dhe dcBk fdZsk frnk. T[E/ epo
s/ w/bk bZrD bZr fgnk, nktkikJh ;zeN yVQk j' frnk. ;oeko B/ Jhdh B{z fejk - fJ;
B{z fwZmkdko d/ epo;skB ftu dcBk. d' wjhB pkd id'I bkF eZYh, Bk T[j yokp j'Jh, Bk
pdp{ nkJh. d{ih EK dcB eo fdZsh.
X'phxkN gkDh d/ feBko/ fJe ceho ofjzdk ;h. e'Jh e[ZM d/ fdzdk, yk b?Idk. fJe
fdB b'g j' frnk. d' fdB pkd d/fynk Bkb/ ftu wfonk fgnk j?. bkF eZYh. ;kd/ gkDh
Bkb B[jkJh. n?Ip{b?I; ftu oZyh sK n?Ip{b?I; ;[rzXh Bkb Go rJh. ;ko/ j?okB j' rJ/ - fJj
eh j?.
fJe fdB fe;/ B/ ypo fdsh - ;oeko Jhdh ckT{Iv/FB B[z nkgD/ jZEK ftu b?Dk
ukj[zdh j?, :kBh fe B?FBbkJh} eoBk . Jhdh B/ fejk - mhe j't/rk. w?I fpbeh; dh
ukdo ftSk e/ dkB wzrKrk, fJe BthI ckT{Iv/FB pDk fdnKrk. ;ko/ fdb'I j;d/ ns/ jo/e
w[bk}w nkgD/ nkg s/ cyo eodk.
feqeN fyvkoh fJwokB ykB B/ 12 eo'V you e/ e?I;o d/ fJbki bJh pj[s tZvk
j;gskb pDkfJnk. fe;/ ekoB Jhdh fybkc ngwkB-iBe fNZgDhnK eo fdZshnK. gq?; Jhdh
dk gqsheow b?D nk rJh. Jhdh B{z g[ZfSnk - eh s[jkv/ ftu e'Jh Fohe/pk}h j?< Jhdh B/
fejk - fpbe[b BjhI. i' w?I eo fojK T[jh T[j eo foj?. fijV/ woh}K dk w?I fJbki Bk
eo ;fenk, fJwokB e'b G/iKrk. T[j ;Nko j?, w?I yke;ko, T[j pkdFkj j?, w?I wzrsk.
pkdFkj wzrs/ Bkb pfj; BjhI efonk eod/, ngwkfBs BjhI eod/ j[zd/. w?I T[; dh fJZ}s
eoKrk.
fJe n?vhNo B/ fejk - w"bkBk s[;hI ;oeko fto[ZX J/Bk e[M p'b iKd/ j' i/ ;zgkde
;?I;o Bk eoB sK s[jkv/ s/ d/; X'qj dk, prkts dk w[eZdwk dkfJo j' ;edk j?. Jhdh jZ;
e/ efjzdk - bhvoK B/ fezBh tko w?B{z p/te{c fejk j?. w?I ndkbs ftu nypko b? iktKrk
s/ iZi B{z ejKrk - p/te{c pzdk prkts eoB d/ ekpb BjhI jz[dk.
113

fpbeh; g[Sdh - rbhnK bkFK ;zGkbD t/b/ n;hI ;G BZe pzd eo b?Id/ jK. s[jkB{z
pdp{ BjhI nkT[Idh < Jhdh - w?I ;wMdK, fJj bkF w/oh th j' ;edh j?, s/oh j' ;edh j?.
fJ; dk ;fseko eoBk }o{oh j?.
1990 sZe 500 n?p{b?I;K j' rJhnK fiBQK ftu'I 50 ;oekoh s/ noX ;oekoh j;gskbK
B{z dkB d/ fdZshnK. fJe eo'V b'e okjs jk;b eo u[Ze/ ;B. nkT[D tkb/ gzi ;kbK ftu
800 n?Ip{b?I;K, gzi ijk} s/ gzi j?bhekgNo b?D dh :'iBk ;h. Jhdh d/ gkfJbNK B{z c"i B/
f;ybkJh d/Dh gqtkB eo bJh. eJh s/b ezgBhnK B/ w[cs s/b dh g/FeF ehsh, Ffjoh
jtkpk}h wfjew/ B/ ijk}K d/ ;ko/ N?e; wkc eo fds/. shj bZy pZfunK B{z w[V t;kfJnk
frnk. nZ;h j}ko wB'o'rhnK ns/ BF/VhnK dk fJbki eo e/ xo G/fink frnk. d; bZy
pZu/ Jhdh ckT{Iv/FB dhnK f;Zfyns dkJhnK dh ;jkfJsk Bkb Jhdh w?NofBNh e/IdoK ftu
g?dk j'J/, thj j}ko T[j pu/ pukJ/ rJ/ fiBQK B{z b'e ;[ZN iKd/ ;B, ukbh j}ko e[VhnK
dkJhnk dk ezw f;Zy e/ fgzvK ftu o'}h ewkT[D bZrhnK. d' bZy bktko; bkFK dcB
ehshnK. nwohek B/ 911 n?woi?I;h bkJhBK tkbh N?bhc'B n?e;u/Ii fdZsh.
T[;B/ phth B{z dZf;nk - w?I nkgDh t;hns fby fdsh j?. eokuh jkJht/ d/ tZv/
gbkN d/ e'B/ ftu nkgDhnK fJeZmhnK epoK j'DrhnK. epo B}dhe tZvk ;kok b'j/ dk
rZbk izdok wko e/ oZy fdnKrk. s?B{z gs? w?I w;fid xZN frnk jK, Bwk} xZN gVQh j?, go
b'e w?B{z ceho ;wMDr/. w/o/ Bkb eokwksK i'V d/Dr/. wB'o'rhnK d/ foFs/dko pe;/ ftu
dkB gk e/ fJbki wzrDr/, bzwhnK ekoK tkb/ nwho n?e;hv?INK s'I puD bJh uVQkt/
ukVQBr/. s/ok yktzd woB fgS'I th b'eK dhnK i/pK e[so/rk. j?BK g{oh mZrh < w/oh mZrh
uZb/rh, b'e ;Zuk ;"dk eoBr/. bZyK B{z okjs fwbh, bZyK B{z fwbdh oj/rh.
114

5 - nzfwqsk F/ofrb
nzfwqsk dk ;wK ekb'Bhnb irhodko ;wki dhnK o;wK ohsK, o[MkDK B{z pdbD
dk d"o j?. Gkosh w[zv/ e[VhnK :'og ftu ikD tk;s/ jo jopk tosd/ jB s/ nkpkd j'D
fgS'I tkg; BjhI w[Vd/. nzfwqsk dk c?;bk :'og s'I nkoN dh ftfdnk gqkgs eoe/ Gkosh
;z;feqsh B{z fusoBk ;h s/ nfijk eoB bJh fJE/ nkT[Dk, g[okD/ nkoN dk nfXn?B eoBk
s/ gZSwh n"}koK, seBheK okjhI d/;h ;ZfGnkuko gqrN eoBk ;h. XBh ;odko dh Xh, fsZyk
fdwkr, T[u ftfdnk ns/ ;[jZgD dh wkbeD, jo B}o T[; T[go ik fNedh. fejk eodh
- nkofN;N dhnK frnkB fJzdohnK ;[uko{ j'DhnK }o{oh jB. i/ w? I nZyK EkDh y{p;{osh ghD
ftu n;cb j' rJh, fco ekr} s/ eh T[skoKrh< w/o/ ;kjwD/ ;E{b ;keko irs j?, T[;
B{z nkgD/ wB ftu T[sko e/ ozrK okjhI nB[tkd eoBk j?. fdqF, frnkB fJzdohnK B{z
gqGkfts, T[s/fis eoBr/, T[s/iBk e?Bt; T[go T[so e/ FKs j't/rh.
n?fwbh fvfeB;B dh eftsk ftu'I nzfwqsk dh Fy;hns gqrN j[zdh j? L
w?I g"Dk ftu x[bh Fokp jK,
w?B{z sq/b p{zdK B/ nks[o ehsk.
n;wkB dh Bhbh gzxoh GZmh ftu'I fBeb,
w?I p;zs dh nBzs ;[zdosk ftu o[VQB bZrh.
nzfwqsk dk dkntk j? fe ukj/ Xkofwe nkoN j't/, nkoN, ekw[esk s'I w[es BjhI j[zdk, edh
edh J/Bk skesto j' iKdk j? fe fi;wkBh jZdK gko eo iKdk j?.
g?fo; d/ Jheb B?FB/b d/ phU nkoN; ekbi ftu'I gVQ e/ nzfwqs;o B}dhe id'I
nkgD/ iZdh ckow jkT{; ftu nkJh, T[d'I T[;dh T[wo fJZeh ;kb ;h. e"D ikDdk ;h fe
T[; dh T[wo d/ e/tb ;Zs ;kb j'o pkeh ofj rJ/ jB. e?Bt; ;kjwD/ poZF cV e/
p?mdh sK T[;B{z gkb r'r?I fdZ; iKdk, edh ;/}kB, edh T[j nkgD/ fgzv dh jt/bh ftu'I
pkjo y/sK tZb B}o wkodh sK T[;B{z tkBrkr dk fgzv wkob/ fdykJh fdzdk. T[;dh ftfdnk
g?fo; d/ ;e{b nkc nkoN dh s/ T[;d/ ;kjwD/ nizsk nb'ok, yi[okj' dh ebk nkgDk j[ew
wBtk ojh j[zdh. i/ BkBfenK dk n;o j[zdk sK T[;B{z Gkosh n"osK wodK d/ B?D BeF
fdbeF Bk brd/. T[bN j'fJnk, gZSwh seBhe f;Zy e/ T[;B/ Gkosh fdqFK B{z d/;h ozr o{g
ftu e?Bt; T[go T[skfonk. vkeNo rhsk d/ FpdK ftu - T[j bzwh u[zi tkbh fBeh fuVh
;h fijVh jo/e c[ Zb dk o; ghD bJh ekjbh ;h. Gkosh }/to, fbFedhnK o/Fwh ;kVQhnK,
bzw/ M[we/ gfjB e/ fBebdh, jo ;t/o T[;B{z BtK fynkb s/ BtK fJFe ukjhdk ;h. T[;
dh wkBf;e T[X/V p[D nBzs ;h, fJ;/ p/u?Bh ftu'I T[;dhnK FKs feosk T[gihnK. T[;B{z
nfj;k; ;h T[j nwho xo dh Xh s/ ;[f;Zfyns ebkeko j?, fJ; nksw-ftFtk; ;dek T[;
dh fJZSk ;h fe Gkos B{z nkX[fBe ebk dh gSkD f;ykJ/. T[;B/ rohp, T[dk; g/Iv{ n"osK B{z
o{gwkB ehsk.
wihmhnk ykBdkB, F/ofrb gfotko, wjkokik oDihs f;zx dk eohph ;h fi; ekoB
T[BQK gk; J/eVK ftu BjhI, w[oZfpnK ftu }whB ;h. feT[Ife ;odko nso f;zx wihmhnk
wjkoki/ dh w"s pkd T[; dk okiGkr pukT[D fjs nzro/}K fto[ZX bfVnk, fJ; eoe/
ikfJdkd dk tZvk fjZ;k nzro/}K B/ y'j fbnk.nso f;zx d/ g[Zso, nzfwqsk F/ofrZb d/ pkp/,
;{os f;zx B{z pBko; ftu B}opzd eo fdZsk. jkbks pdb/ d/y e/ fJj ;odko 1857 d/
:[ZX tes nzro/}K dh wZdd s/ nk frnk. :[ZX fiZsD pkd nzro/}K B/ T[;B{z y[Z;h ikfJdkd
tkg; eo fdZsh s/ okik dk fyskp fwfbnk. :{HghH d/ r'oyg[o f}b/ ftu th T[;B{z }whB
nbkZN ehsh.
;{os f;zx d/ xo T[wokT[ f;zx dk iBw 1870 ftu j'fJnk. nzfwqsk d/ uku/ ;[zdo
f;zx B/ r'oyg[o ftu rzBk T[sgkdB F[o{ ehsk s/ F{ro fwZb bkJh. fJj XBh ;odko
nzro/}h ;oeko dk tckdko fojk, ;wki ;/th ;z;EktK B{z dkB fdzdk, f;yh dh ;/tk tk;s/
XB fdzdk, tgkoe s/ gowkoEe d'jK gZyK s'I ;cb.
115

T[wokT[ f;zx ;z;feqs, cko;h, T[od{ ns/ nzro/}h ;kfjs gVQB dk F"ehB ;h. T[wo
yZ:kw s'I fJbktk T[;B/ ;owd dhnK o[pkJhnK dk soiwk th ehsk. rqfj ftfrnkB, i'r,
ns/ fbZghnK dh pDso ftu o[uh b?Idk. w[jzwd fJepkb Bkb d';sh ojh, Nkb;NkfJ dhnK
fbysK s'I gqGkfts j' e/ Fkekjkoh j' frnk s/ ;dk bJh ft;eh ghDh SZv fdZsh. nzfwqsk B/
nkgD/ fgsk pko/ fbfynk - w/o/ ;odko fgsk B{z ;kok gzikp ikDdk j?. fdykt/pk}h s'I goQ/,
FKs-fus, doFB ns/ XowK dk ftfdnkoEh, ;wkie w[esh, yk; eoe/ n"os dh ;[szsosk dk
jkwh. w/oh wK nkofN;N o[uhnK tkbh ;h. ebk y/so ftu w?B{z wK s'I T[sFkj fwfbnk.
n;hI d't/I G?DK p[vkg?;N ftu izwhnK s/ izr wro'I Gkos nkJhnK.
jzr/ohnB g'qc?;o frT{bk iowkB{ Gkosh ;z;feqsh T[go y'i eo fojk ;h, T[wokT[
f;zx dk fwZso j' frnk s/ fFwb/ T[;dh w/}pkBh ftu eJh wjhB/ fpskJ/. fJ; pko/ nzfwqsk
B{z T[wokT[ f;zx B/ fbfynk - nksw dh y'i ns/ feskpK d/ nfXn?B B/ w/oh T[dk;h xNkJh
BjhI. w?I fJe Gbh s/ gftZso o{j B{z fwfbnk, T[j th fJ;/ sbkF ftu j? p/Fe ;kv/ okj
ty ty jB. ftuko tNKdo/ ftu T[;B/ w/o/ eJh FzfenK dh Bftosh ehsh, p/Fe ;kfonK
dh BjhI. w?I T[;B{z ;z;feqs dh X[Bh ftfrnkB ftu o[fus eo fdZsk. w?E'I pkd T[j fJ; dh
y'i ikoh oZy/rk, fJ;dk w?B{z ftFtk; j?.
T[wokT[ f;zx dk pkeh gfotko XB ns/ F[jos yZND ftu o[fMnk j'fJnk ;h, fJj
fJeKsg;zd wB[Zy nfXnksw dh y'i ftu wrB ;h. XB d"bs dh xkN BjhI, go ftoZes,
fBob/g. c'N'rqkch dk F"e ;h go ;kXkoB c'N'rqkco BjhI, c'N' nkofN;N, fijVk fdqF dh EK
gqGkt cVdk.T[;dhnK nZ;h c'N'nK gqkgs jB, T[;dhnK nkgDhnK th jB, ;koh c'N'rqkch
nkgkuhBD ns/ fti'r tZb ;/fXs j?. tkJhtK B/ dZf;nk fe FhF/ T[go T[; dhnK fyZuhnK
fJe doiB ozrdko s;thoK jB. T[d'I pj[s xZN Gkosh b'e nkN'eo'w BK dh fJ; ftXh s'I
tkec ;B. nfwqsk fgsk B{z ;wMkT[Idh ofjzdh, ;kps eodh fe e?wok wB[ Zyh fdb B{z BjhI
S[j ;edk, fJj ezw fusoeko eo/rk.
wihmhnk ;odko ;{os f;zx dh w"s s' Apkd nzfwqsk F/ofrb d/ uku/ B{z T[sokfXekoh
wzB e/ nzro/}K B/ oki/ dk fyskp d/ fdZsk. 1888 ftu fgsk d/ d/jKs s'I pkd T[;d/ d't/I
g[Zso e?gNB r[bkp f;zx nNkoh dh fBrokBh ftu oZy/ rJ/. r[bkp f;zx nNkohtkbk ;odko
;h fi; dh Xh Bkb pkd ftu T[wokT[ f;zx dk ftnkj j'fJnk, uko pZu/ pbokw,
;fsnktkB, ftt/e g[Zso ns/ Xh ;[w/o g?dk j'Jh s/ fco fJBQK pZfunK dh wK dk d/jKs j'
frnk. tZvk Gok nzro/}K dk fydwsrko j' frnk sk T[wokT[ f;zx fJBQK f}zw/tkohnK s'I
w[es j' e/ bzvB ubk frnk. bzvB frnk sK T[E/ Fkj}kdh pKpk ;'chnk fizdK dbhg f;zx
Bkb w[bkeks j'Jh. pKpk T[wokT[ f;zx T[go fcdk j' rJh ;h s/ T[; Bkb ftnkj eotkD
dh fJS[Ze ;h. Fkj}kdh pKpk dh shpo fJZSk ;h fe T[j bkj"o ik e/, nkgD/ pkpk wjkokik
oDihs f;zx dh je{ws dhnK fBFkBhnK d/y/. T[;B/ ;odko T[wokT[ f;zx B{z nkgDh ykjF
dZ;h sK ;odko nkgD/ Bkb fbikD bJh fsnko j' frnk. pKpk B/ fJeZbh Gkos ftu
nkT[D dh EK nkgDh jzr/ohnB ;eZso w/oh n?IN'fBN B{z th ;co tk;s/ fsnko eo fbnk.
n?IN'fBN uzrh ;[f;Zfyns, ;fGZne, B/e e[Vh ;h fijVh bzvB ftu g?o iwkT[D dh e'fFF eo
ojh ;h. n?IN'fBN ;[jDh sK ;h jh, ;zrhseko th ;h, pKpk ;zrhs T[go fcdk ;h, ;' fJj
:ksok j[D fdbu;g oj/rh. id'I G{o/ tkbk tkbh Go i[nkB n?IN'fBN B{z T[wokT[ f;zx B/
d/fynk, T[; d/ fdb ftu eKpk fSfVnk. T[wokT[ f;zx dk eh d'F, T[j ;h jh fJj' fijh,
d/yD ;ko jo doFe dh XVeD tX ikDh ;[Gkfte ;h.
T[wokT[ f;zx, ;kT{ fe;w dk u[Zg ofjD tkbk ;odko ;h fi; dh o[uh ;kfjs,
cb;ck gVQB ftu ;h. T[;B/ fJ; e[Vh nZr/ ftnkj dh g/FeF ehsh i' wB}{o j'Jh. ;kb
1912 ftu bkj"o fty/ f;Zy otkfJsK w[skpe nkBzd ekoi dh o;w j'Jh. ;dhnK s'I bkj"o
dk o[spk wjKBro dk ;h. nzfwqs;o dk o[spk f;ZyK tk;s/ F'qwDh fojk go bkj"o ftu
d[BhnK Go d/ Bkwto b'e nkT[Id/ iKd/ ofjzd/ fiE/ nB/e ftfdnktK, e'wb ebktK ns/ tgko
dk nkdkB gqdkB j[zdk. nzfwqs;o TZ[soh Gkos dh Xkofwe okiXkBh ;h s/ bkj"o ;fGnkukoe
okiXkBh. pKpk bkj"o ofj rJh. fJE/ nzro/} vkeNo ;dob?Iv Bkb ftnkj eotkfJnk.
116

T[BQK d/ n"bkd BjhI j'Jh, 1957 ftu id'I woh sK nkgDh ;koh ikfJdkd, jt/bh, g/IfNzr}
nkgD/ ykB;kw/ eohwpyF ;[gok d/ Bkw eo rJh. gkfe;skB ;oeko d/ g[ok-ftGkr B/
eohwpyF s'I ebk feqsK yohd e/ ;zGkb bJhnK i' w?I bkj"o d/y e/ nkfJnk jK.
bkj"o s'I nzfwqs;o ftu nkgDh jt/bh nk e/ e[M ;wK oj/ go fco c?;bk j'fJnk
fe jzroh uZfbnk ikJ/. jzroh ikD dk fJj c?;bk bJ/ ikD t/b/ fJe ekoB fJj th ;h
fe ;zeN ftu c;/ nzro/}K s'I fjzd[;skB y'fjnk ik ;edk j?. ;qH T[wokT[ f;zx d/ wjkokik
dbhg f;zx gfotko Bkb B/Vb/ ;pzX j'D eoe/ T[j nzro/} ;oeko tk;s/ FZe d/ dkfJo/
ftu nkT[Idk ;h. nkgD/ tZv/ Gok tKr ;oeko dh fydwsrkoh eoB dh EK T[j fw; pKpk
d/ B}dhe j'D ekoB w[;hps pD ;edk ;h. fJ; soQK d/ sDkT[ s'I w[es j'D bJh gsBh
;w/s jzroh ubk frnk. T[E'I T[j d; ;kb pkd Gkos tkg; gofsnk. ftnkj s'I ;kb pkd
30 iBtoh 1913 B{z nzfwqsk F/ofrb dk iBw j'fJnk. o/Fwh ekb/ tkb, w'NhnK, ;[jDhnK,
j?okBh Bkb x[zwdhnK nZyK tfuZso ;z;ko B{z ikDB dk :sB eodhnK ofjzdhnK. wK nkydh
- fJj fezBh ;[jDh j?. fgsk nkydk - fJ;dh ikDB Fesh pj[s fsZyh j?. fJe ;kb pkd
d{ih Xh fJzdok dk iBw j'fJnk.
w/oh n?IN'fBN dk pkpk XBkv f}whdko ;h s/ nk;Nohnk dh c"i ftu nc;o ;h.
w/oh fgnkfB;N sK j? jh ;h T[g/ok ftu ezw eoB tk;s/ o'w ik e/ gVQkJh ehsh. T[;B/
T[g/o/ ftu ezw sK BjhI ehsk go T[;dh nktk} ftu nkeoFD ;h, b?n ;h, fJNkbhnB
}pkB p'bD ftu g{oh wkfjo :j{dh gfotko dh Xh ;h. ftnkj s'I s[ozs pkd w/oh nkgDh
G?D pbKek d/ xo ftu ojh. pbKek dk gsh gkobhw?IN dk w?Ipo ;h fi;dk ;Zs ewfonK
tkbk xo gkobhw?IN jkT{; d/ n?B B}dhe ;h. T[;B/ T[wokT[ f;zx ns/ w/oh B{z d' p?vo{w}
dk ;?N d/ fdZsk.
wK B/ nzfwqsk pko/ fbfynk - E'VQ/ fdB gfjbK tkbh Bk}e p/ph s/}h Bkb u/szB j'
ojh ;h, Fokosh j' ojh ;h. gzx{V/ ftu u[gukg b/Nh nkT[D ikD tkfbnK tZb j?okBh Bkb
d/yh iKdh, e'Jh B/V/ nkT[Idk sK jZ; g?Idh, fco ewo/ ftu o[VQB bZrh, F'o gkT[Idh ofjzdh,
gzShnK torh N[Dedh nktk}, B" wjhfBnK dh nzfwqsk wzi/ dhnK pkjhnK cV e/ s/} edwh
d"Vdh, cVB brd/ sK y[Fh Bkb uhedh, jZ;dh, i[bkJh 1914 sZe fBe/ fBe/ jzroh tke
p'bD bZr rJh, rtKYh pZfunk Bkb y/vD bknB ftu iKdh. ;G s'I tXhe fgnko nkgDh
fBZeh G?D fJzdok B{z eodh. nkgD/ ;ko/ fyv"D/ T[; nZr/ oZy fdzdh, wBwo}h d/ gzShnK tkb/
BK oZy e/ tkiK wkodh. id'I 17 Btzpo 1918 B{z pgfs;wk fdZsk frnk sk nzfwqs;o B{z :kd
eofdnK fgsk B/ nzfwqsk Bkw oZfynk s/ wK tb'I nBs'Bhnk Bkw fwfbnk. wK B/ fbfynk -
T[j y[Fhnk Go/ fdB ;B. nzfwqsk ;kY/ gzi ;kb dh ;h, gVQkT[D bJh fNT{No oZy fbnk.
gVQkJh dk fceo BjhI ;h, p;, pZu/ nB[Fk;B ftu nkjo bZr/ ofjD. d' wjhfBnK ftu
nzfwqsk B/ jzr/ohnB fbyDh s/ gVQBh f;Zy bJh. ozrdko g?Bf;bK Bkb s;thoK pDkJh
iKdh. jo/e fyv"D/ dh s;tho pDk fdzdh. nkb/ d[nkb/ T[vd/, s[od/ gzShnK dhnK s;thoK.
pkeh pZu/ Sgh j'Jh vokfJzr ftu ozr God/, nzfwqsk nkgDk ;e?u nkg vokn eodh. i/
e'Jh mhe eoB dh wZdd eoBh ukj[zdk, o'e fdzdh, p/Fe rbs pDkJ/, go y[d ;e?u
pDkJ/rh. fejk eodh - pD/ pDkJ/ ;e?uK ftu ozr GoB/ eh w[Feb jB< w[Feb sK ;e?u
pDkT[Dk j?.
p[vkg?;N Ffjo s'I goQ/ jN e/ fJ; gfotko B/ fgzv ftu nkgDk fNekDk pDkfJnk.
fJE/ d/ g/Iv{ izrb p/b/, gF{ gzSh T[; d/ fdb fdwkr ftu T[soB bZr/.fJE/ jh fgzv T[;dk
w;/o Gok fteNo J/rB T[;dk pugB dk ;kEh ;h. d'tK d/ purkB/ G/s ;KM/ ;B.F/ofrb
gfotko id'I Gkos nkT[Idk, F[o{ F[o{ ftu nzfwqsk ns/ fteNo fJ;dk fto'X eod/.nzfwqsk d/
fdb ftu ne;o fynkb nkT[Idk fe e/tb fteNo Bkb T[wo fpskJ/rh.
nzfwqsk fejk eodh - w?B{z uzrk brdk j? w?I GkFk ftu w[jkos jk;b eoK. w?B{z
ozrK dh GkFk fpBK j'o e[M ;wM ftu BjhI nkT[Idk. w?B{z e'Jh g[ZS/ g/IfNzr eoBh ed'I F[o{
ehsh ;h sK w/o/ e'b e'Jh T[so BjhI. gsk BjhI ed'I s'I, FkfJd j'F ;zGkbD s'I th gfjbK.
w?B{z fgnkB' dk gsk j? ed'I tkdB F[o{ ehsk, ozrK dk, ;e?uK dk ezw n}b s'I s[fonk nk
117

fojk j?. w/ok fdb fBozso w?B{z ;wMkT[Idk fojk fe w?I ozrK bJh pDh jK j'o ek;/ bJh
BjhI.
pkd ftu fteNo B/ dZf;nk - pugB s'I d/ydk nkfJnk jK, T[j ekr} d/ jo/e
N[eV/ T[go s;tho pDk d/Idh. vke d/ fbckc/ T[go, ezXK T[go. e'Jh EK s;tho pr?o j?
Jh BjhI. ed/ ekb/ ozrK dh g?Bf;b B{z jZE BjhI bkfJnk. jo tes ozr pozrhnK g?Bf;bK
i/pK ftu j[zdhnK. nihp Feb dhnK nihp w{osK, e'Jh e'Jh wB[Zyh B?D BeFK tkbh th
j[zdh.
wK jzr/ohnB b'e rhs rkT[Idh sK nzfwqsk nkydh - fJj rhs g/IN eoe/ fdyktK< wK
b'e ejkDh ;[DkT[Idh, nzfwqsk ejkDh B{z ekr} T[go fuso fdzdh. fJ; dh tiQk wK d/ r{VQ/
G{o/ tkb ;B fe e[M j'o, r{jV/ ozr tosdh. i/ fes/ T[;B/ wkfgnK dk n;o ep{fbnk
j[zdk, T[j ;zrhseko j[zdh, wK ns/ fgsk B{z ozrK d/ ;z;ko dk Bk frnkB ;h, Bk o[uh. fJj
o;sk T[;dh nkgDh u'D ;h. ;Zu sK fJj j? fe wK wkvoB nkoN d/ fybkc ;h, T[;B{z
fJj fBok petk; brdk ;h, gkrbK dh y/v. T[j wkvoB nkoN d/y e/ jZ; g?Idh.
1920 ftZu jzroh d/ f;nk;h jkbks yokp j'D eoe/ gfotko B/ Gkos nkT[D dh
nkfrnk wzrh, ;oeko B/ BKj eo fdZsh feT[Ife y[chnK fog'oNK nB[;ko T[wokT[ f;zx B{z
pkrh b'e bkbk jofdnkb, okik wj/Ido gqskg, jopz; f;zx nNkoh fwbd/ oj/ ;B. Gok B/
wZdd ehsh sK nkfrnk fwbh. d; ;kb jzroh ftu fpsk e/ 2 iBtoh 1921 B{z Gkos bJh
otkBk j'J/.
tkg;h pok;sk g?fo; fJ; bJh oZyh sK fe pZfunK B{z g?fo; dhnK nkoN r?bohnK
fdykJhnK ikD, T[g/ok fdykfJnk ikt/. nzfwqsk B/ n;b w'Bkfb}k gfjbh tko d/yh sK w[rX
j' e/ d/o sZe yb'sh d/ydh ojh. gfjbK wK e'b fJ; dhnK BebK d/yhnK ;B. ;w[zdoh
ijk} ftu nzfwqsk dk nZmtK iBw fdB wBkfJnk. nzfwqsk fbydh j? - wkbtk ijk} T[go
e{u fpjko dh wjkokDh ns/ T[;dhnK pKdhnK dh jk}oh ftu e/e eZfNnk, fwmkJh ykXh.
i[nkB j' e/ id'I T[;B/ n?bkB eo fdZsk fe nkoN pr?o j'o e[M BjhI eo/rh sK wK
B/ T[; tk;s/ Nhuo bZGD/ F[o{ ehs/. fFwb/ w/io ftNwkoF ofj fojk ;h, E'VQk ;wK T[;B/
No/fBzr fdZsh. d{ik Nhuo p/tK g?NwB n"osK d/ pj[s ;[jD/ ;e?u pDkT[D dk wkfjo ;h,
T[j bzdB d/ ;b/v nkoN ;e{b ftu gVQk e/ nkfJnk ;h. T[;B/ No/fBzr d/Dh F[o{ ehsh.
gzikj ;kb pkd nkgD/ d';s B{z ys ftu T[;B/ nzfwqsk pko/ fbfynk - T[j p/fw;kb gqfsGk
dh wkbe ;h. d/o se ;ys fwjBs eodh ofjzdh. fJe beho tkj e/ T[j s;tho dk
g{ok gqGkt pdb fdzdh. fszB vkJhw?BFBK tkb/ irs B{z ekr} T[go d' vkJhw?BFBK ftu
fet/I Ykb d/Dk j?, T[j ikD rJh ;h. fizBk tX s'I tX f;yk ;edk ;K, f;ybkJh fdZsh.
cotoh ftu pzp/, fdZbh j' e/ bkj"o g[Zi/ s/ Gok dh jt/bh ftu oj/. gfjbh gsBh
d/ pZfunK ftueko ikfJdkd dk tZvk fjZ;k tzv fdZsk. wihm/ ns/ bkj"o ftub/ xo gfjb/
pZfunK dh tzv ftu nkT[D fgS'I y[d bJh fFwb/ 2500 tor ri ftubk pzrbk yohfdnk.
w/oh B/ fJ; xo B{z :'oghnB fvT{eK tKr ehwsh ;kwkB Bkb ;ikfJnk. S'Nh fJzdok dh
o[uh ;zrhs tb tXh s/ T[;B/ Bku f;yDk F[o{ ehsk.
1921 d/ ;kb fFwb/ fJe i[nkB fJNkbhnB p[ZssqkF nk frnk s/ F/ofrb gfotko
e'b nkT[D ikD j' frnk. w/oh dh fJskbth GkFk ftu wjkos ;h, ibdh d'tK ftu fJFe
j' frnk. p[ssqkF d/ phth pZu/ cb'o?I; Ffjo ftu ;B, d'tK B/ ;bkj pDkJh fe pZuhnK B[z
;BksBh fJskbth ebk ns/ GkFk dh Mbe fdykT[D bJh cb'o?I; dk r/Vk bkfJnk ikt/.
fJj fJe soQk dh o[wKfNe ;kiF ;h. gfjbK i[nkB frnk pkd ftu w/oh nkgDhnK XhnK
;w/s cb'o?I; ubh rJh. iBtoh 1924, nzfwqsk ;Ksk n?Bz;hnkNk ;e{b ftu dkyb eotk
fdZsh. e[Vh B{z ;e{b dk ;ys o'wB e?E'fbe }kpsk g;zd BjhI ;h. wK dk fynkb ;h fe
cb'o?I; Ffjo dk tksktoD T[;B{z fJNkbhnB nkoN d/ B/V/ b? ikJ/rk. fiE'I sZe wK dk t;
uZfbnk, Xkofwe ftZfdnk d/Dh ukjh, fJE'I sZe fe S'Nh T[wo/ pgfs;wk th fdZsk go d'tK
e[VhnK dh Xkofwe fposh BjhI pD ;eh. nzfwqsk wzBdh j? fe cb'o?I; dh ;zfygs :ksok B/
T[; T[go fJNkbhnB n;o SZfvnk. T[j ew}'o i}pksh fe;w dh Gkosh F?bh ;[ZN d/D dh
118

fJS[Ze ;h go fJE/ :'og tor/ T[;skd nrtkJh eoB bJh BjhI ;B, Bk ;zs[fbs dkd fwb/,
Bk f;jstzd nkb'uBk. ;e{b'I fBebD tk;s/ BzrhnK s;thoK pDkT[DhnK F[o{ eo fdZshnK.
S/sh jh wK d/ fJFe dk G'r g? frnk sK nzfwqsk B{z ;e{b'I jNk fbnk. nzfwqsk B/ fbfynk
- gfjb'I sK w?I cb'o?I; d/ wkj"b B{z Bcos eodh ojh go j[D gsk brd? fe w/o/ T[s/ fJE'I
d/ ;EkJh n;o gJ/. o?B/;K dhnK feosK fdb T[go iw rJhnK fiBQK B/ fuo pkd g?fo;
ftu ozr fdykfJnk. edh edh w?B{z cyo j[zdk fe w?I fJNkbhnB wk;No} ftu'I jK, T[BQK dh
jh ;zskB jK.
cb'o?I; s'I tkg; nkJh sK wkfgnK B/ ;bkj eoe/ fFwb/ d/ tXhnk Jh;kJh ;e{b
ftu dkyb eotk fdZsh. fit/I pkeh pZu/ ftXhts sohe/ Bkb gVQd/ jB, fJ;/ soQK nzfwqsk
gVQ/. g/IfNzr s/ ;zrhs xo nk e/ ftjb/ tes f;Zy/. T[j ebk; d/ pzXB ftu feE/ pzBhQH ik
;edh ;h< ;e{b ftu n?bkB eo fdZsk - w?I Bk;se jK, Bk oZp ftu :ehB, Bk Xow
ftu. u[e' nkgDh pkJhpb. fes/ pkeh pZu/ Bk ftrV ikD, gqpzXeK B/ fFwb/ dh ih;; n?Iv
w/oh ekBt?IN ftu'I th nkgj[do/ ;[Gkn ekoB ;e{b'I eZY fdZsh sK w"i pD rJh, e/tb
vokfJzr iK fgnkB', p; d' ezw eodh. wkfgnK B/ xo fNT{NoK okjhI gVQkJh eokT[Dh ikoh
oZyh.
nzfwqsk dh wK B/ c?;bk ;[Dk fdZsk fe pZfunK dk GftZy, gVQkJh fbykJh pj[s fXnkB
wzrdh j?. gfotoF tk;s/ gzikp :'r EK BjhI. ;kok gfotko fco jzroh tZb s[o fgnk. wK
dk d{ik c?;bk fJj ;h fe j[D fgzv ftu BjhI, p[vkg?;N Ffjo ftu t;Dk j?. nkfyo
;fGne ;z;ko dk eko ftjko th sK f;ykDk j?. T[j fgnkB'-tkdB dh F"ehB ;h. T[;B/
nzfwqsk B{z th fgnkB'-tkdB f;ykfJnk. edh wK dh fJZSk ojh ;h fe fgnkB'-tkdB dh ;Nko
pD ;eK. jkbks B/ ;kE BjhI fdZsk. j[D T[j nkgDh Xh B{z fgnkB' ;Nko pDkJ/rh. S'Nh
fJzdok th f;ZyD bZrh. d'tK dh gqfsGk s'I wkg/ ;zs[FN ;B, T[BQK B{z gsk ;h fe fi; y/so
ftu fJj e[VhnK edw oZyDrhnK T[E/ :ehBB F[jos jkf;b eoBrhnK.fJj e[VhnK tZvhnK
j' e/ fezBhnK tZvhnK T[bMDK, w[;hpsK yVQhnK eoBrhnK, fJ;dk fe;/ B{z eh gsk ;h<
fJBQK fdBK ftu fgsk T[wokT[ f;zx F/ofrb B/ cko;h FkfJo T[wo yZ:kw dh eftsk
B{z nzro/}h ftu nB[tkd eoBk F[o{ eo fdZsk. nzfwqsk fgsk dhnK rZbK ;[Ddh, nB[tkd
gVQdh. yZ:kw dh y[wkoh dh ozrs T[; dhnK g/IfNzr} ftu T[soB bZr gJh. fJ; ntXh
ftu ehshnk g/IfNzr} pkehnK s'I tZyohnK jB.
rowhnK fFwb/ fpskT[Id/ s/ ;odhnK ftu gfotko r'oyg[o B/V/ ;okfJnk fgzv d/
ckow jkT{; ik g[idk. fJE/ nkT{N v'o g/IfNzr} ftu nzfwqsk B/ g{oB g/Iv{ :{HghH ebuo
fufsqnk j?. n"osK T[;dk nkyk wzB e/ wkvb pDB bJh xzfNnK pZXh T[;d/ ;kjwD/ p?mhnK
ofjzdhnK. p/Fe dZyD sZe ik nkJh ;h go r'oyg[o, fFwbk ns/ wihmk T[;dh B}o d/
e/Ido ftu oj/.
pkoK ;kb dh nzfwqsk B/ rtKY ftu s/oK ;kb dh e[Vh dk ftnkj d/fynk, gsh
gzikj ;kb dk ;h fi; dhnK fszB gsBhnK gfjbK th ;B. e[Vh d/ ehwsh }/to ns/ r}p
d/ eZgV/ gfjB/ j'J/, fJ; jko fFzrko ftu r[Zvh tKr, ;fjwh yb'sh, fJB/ tZv/ fJeZm ftu
p/t;, bkuko, e[opkBh bJh fsnko. fJ; fdqF B/ T[; T[go Gkosh n"os dh bkukoh B/
v{zxk }yw ehsk, ;sjh Gkte jwdodh BjhI, gZek dkr. T[;dhnK ;kohnK g/IfNzr} ftu
n"osK T[dk; jB. ykw'F ofj e/ }[bw MZbD tkbhnK n"osK. T[;dhnK xVhnK n"osK GhV
ftu r[nkuhnK j'JhnK jB, dph j'Jh fjz;k, nZyK okjhI gqrN fd;dh j?, fe;/ EK n"os S[o/
Bkb y[de[Fh d/ :sB ftu j?.
i[nkB j'D T[gozs T[;dh o'wKfNe yZ[bQ y/v fJ; fgS'eV dk T[gGkte, BkdkB
gqsheow j?. prkts i/ ;koEe f;ZfNnK tZb BjhI s[oh sK ftnkge spkjh s'I fJbktk eh
jk;b j'Dk j?< fJ; Bkb fwbdh i[bdh prkts nzfwqsk gqhsw B/ th ehsh ;h. nzfwqsk gqhsw
dk ;P?eEB j? - fit/I ezioK e'b ekch ;kok j[Bo j[zdk j?, T[t/I, n;hI fijV/ ebkeko jK,
;kv/ e'b ekch ;kok ezioykBk j?.
119

ftnkj sK eotk fbnk go w/oh n?IN'fBN, F/ofrb Bkb y[F BjhI, xo ftu eb/;
j[zdk, w/oh y[de[Fh dhnK XwehnK fdzdh, fgsk izrb ftu ik e/ ;fBnk; b?D dh d[jkJh
fdzdk. fJ; wkj"b dk n;o pkbwB T[go Skg SZv/rk jh. fJe g/IfNzr nfijh j? fi; ftu
r[;?b n"os, wod T[go fJT[I M[eh j'Jh j? fit/I S[ok wkoB bJh T[sko{ j't/.
Gkosh e{NBhshtkB phHe/H Bfjo{ dh gsBh c'oh, jzroh dh ;h. fJBQK dh fojkfJF
fFwb/ ftu ;h. c'oh B{z F/ofrZbK xo fpskJhnK e[M jzr/ohnB FkwK 96 ;kb dh T[wo ftu
th :kd jB, dZ;dh j? - w/oh n?IN'fBN B{z fJj g;zd BjhI ;h fe c'oh fjzd[;skBh pD ikt/.
nr;s 1936 B{z c'oh B{z ys fby e/ w/oh B/ nkyo ftu jzroh dk b'erhs fbfynk fi;dk
noE j?-
U jzr/ohnB, nkgD/ tsB Bkb tck eoBk,
s/ok d/; nZi s/ok gzx{Vk, s/ok d/; eZbQ B{z s/oh epo.
iBw tes okyk, w"s tes oytkbk, U jzr/ohnB.
Xosh T[go j'o fes/ s/oh EK BjhI U jzr/ohnB.
c'oh d;dh j? fe F/ofrb dk xo fJzu fJzu jzr/ohnB ;h, ykD ghD s'I b? e/
ofjD ;fjD gfjBD sZe ;G e[M. w/oh B/ ;koh T[wo Gkosh fbpk; BjhI gfjfBnK.
i{B 1924 s'I ngq?b 1929 sZe gfotko fFwb/ fojk. wK B/ 1927 ftu Gkos dk N{o
bkT[D dk c?;bk ehsk, nzfwqsk s/oK ;kb dh s/ fJzdok pkoK ;kbK dh ;h. F/ofrb ;okfJnk
nkgD/ ckow ftu fojk s/ fszB iDhnK pBko;, ebeZsk s/ dkoihfbzr bJh s[ohnK, tkg;h
byBT{ ftu'I j't/rh. fJj ;kb Gkos doFB s'I fJbktk fJe j'o ekoB ;dek th nzfwqsk
bJh :kdrkoh j' frnk.
jzroh s'I nzfwqsk dk fJe wkwk fJoftB p?eN/, F/ofrbK B[z 1927 ftu fwbD
nkfJnk. p?eN/ B/ fsZps ns/ bZdky sZe 1500 feb'whNo gjkVh :ksok ehsh. F"e ti'I g/INo
;h go T[;dh gqf;Xh Gkosh ;z;feqsh d/ wkfjo ti'I j'Jh. pZuhnK B{z T[j iBw s'I jh ikDdk
;h, T[wokT[ f;zx Bkb th d';sh j' rJh feT[Ife gVQB d/ dkfJfonK ftu ;KM ;h. T[j
Gkos ftu fszB ;kb fojk. T[;B/ fbfynk - Gkos nkgDh ;BksBh gozgok s/ ;z;feqsh GZ[b
e/ fJj ;'uD bZrk j? fe gZSw dh ebk F'qwDh j?. gVQ/ fby/ Gkosh g{op dh w{b nkswk
s'I d{o ik oj/ jB s/ gZSw dk e{Vk eoeN co'b oj/ jB. e'Jh d/;h pzdk i/ g[okDhnK
fjzd{ g/IfNzr} iK pZ[ssqkFh s'I e[M jk;b eoB dk :sB eodk j? sK T[; B{z B}onzdk} eo
fdzd/ jB. gZSw d/ d{i/ shi/ doi/ d/ j'S/ ebkekoK dh T[;sfs j' ojh j?, ;BwkB/ ik oj/
jB. T[;B/ jzroh tk;hnK B{z owkfJD, wjKGkos ns/ ekw;{so s'I ikD{ eotkfJnk. fj;Noh
nkc fJzvhnB nkoN T[;dk Fkjeko j? i' T[;dh w"s d/ ;kb 1963 ftu Skfgnk s/ fco
iowB ftu nB[tkd j' e/ Sfgnk. T[;B/ ;kps ehsk fe Gkosh nkoN ;d?t fiT[Idk fojk,
fJ;bkfwe nkoN dk n;o ep{fbnk, ewkb fJj fe fiBQK EktK T[go w[rb je{ws edh
BjhI ojh, T[E/ d/ fjzd{ ebkekoK B/ th fJ;bkfwe nkoN d/ T[sw gqGkt rqfjD ehs/. fJjh
fJ;d/ fiT{Id/ ofjD dk G/d j?.
fFwb/ ofjzfdnK T[;B/ nzfwqsk B{z jzr/ohnB nkoN d/ ebk;heb r[o dZ;/. ;kjwD/
wkvb fpmk e/ fet/I g/IN eohdk j?, gfjb/ d"o ftu nzfwqsk B/ p?eN/ s'I jh f;Zfynk, xo/b{
B"eoK B"eokDhnK B{z fpmk e/ g/IN eodh. T[; B{z wfj;{; j'fJnk fit/I nzfwqsk ftu n;kXkoD
ebk Gzvko j?. T[j y[d ebkeko ;h, uzr/ ;e{bK ftu'I f;ydk fojk go id'I nfj;k; j'fJnk
fe u'Nh s/ BjhI g[Zi ;e/rk sK j'o eko'pko eoB bZr fgnk feT[Ife T[;B{z dofwnkBk nkoN
g;zd BjhI ;h. T[;B{z bZrk fiE/ T[j BjhI g[Zi ;fenk, nzfwqsk g[Zi/rh, T[j ;z;ko dhnK pkJh
GkFktK p'b b?Idk ;h. fsZpfsB fJzv'b'ih ftu T[j Bkwto ;ekbo ti'I ikfDnk iKdk j?. T[j
wkfgnK B{z fJ; rZb tk;s/ o}kwzd eoB ftu ekw:kp j' frnk fe nzfwqsk B{z g?fo; dh
}o{os j?. T[j g?fo; d/ nB/e ebkekoK ns/ toeFkgK s'I ikD{ ;h fJ; eoe/ e'Jh w[Feb
BjhI nkT[D dJ/rk. T[wokT[ f;zx B{z fsnko eoB ftu pVh w[Feb nkJh. T[j fbydk j? -
w/oh Bkb g?fo; ikD tk;s/ w?I wzB sK frnk, tZYh o{j T[Xo w{zj eoB bJh fsnko BjhI
120

;h. jzroh ftu nZm ;kb dk pBtk; eZN sK nkfJnK, j'o eh ukjhd?< fJ; pBtk; B/ i'
i' ;pe f;ykJ/, e"V/ ;B. Go/ wB Bkb w?I nkgDhnK feskpK dk p?r u[e e/ s[o fgnk, fJj
;'u e/ fe E'VQk ;wK eFN j'o jB. go fJj ;wK bzwk j' e/ gzi ;kb sZe c?b frnk,
fgS'I w/ok Gok ns/ g[okD/ fwZso ;G ;dk bJh ftSV rJ/.
T[BQK fdBK ftu fJj nuzG/iBe c?;bk ;h, Xh dh gVQkJh, gVQkJh ekjB{z, nkoN dh
No/fBzr tk;s/ ;kok NZpo T[ZiV e/ bzw/ ;w/I bJh d{i/ d/; ftu gotk; eo bt/. ;kb
1929, ;w[zdo ftu fmbQ gJ/. ;'bK ;kb dh nzfwqsk g?fo;, nkgD/ ftFt Go d/ ;G ebkekoK
d/ wZe/ ftu g[Zi rJh fiE/ T[j e[Zb tes nkoN ftu fpskJ/rh. B;bK, XowK, ;kfjs, e'wb
ebktK dk nkdkB gqdkB j't/rk, nkgD/ nkg B{z gqrN eoB d/ w"e/ fwbDr/. ihtB dh g{oB
;[szsosk w"i{d.rowhnK ftu g?fo; g[Zi rJ/, g'qc?;o gho t/b?IN B/ nkgD/ gqf;ZX ;e{b ro? Iv
Fkwhno ftu y[Fh Bkb dkyb eo bJh. nzfwqsk dh T[wo 16 ;kb ;h. fJE/ T[;B/ wBZ[yh
;oho dh pDso f;Zyh. fJE/ T[;B{z f;ybkJh d"okB ng?Iv/;kJhN; dh sebhc ftu'I bzxDk
fgnk. nkgq/FB ;cb j' frnk sK w[V ezw f;ZyD bZrh.
fJ; s'I th tZv/ ;e{b Jheb B?FB/b ftu dkyb j' rJh fiE/ dk T[;skd b{;hnB
f;w'B ;h. f;w'B T[so gqGkttkdh ebkekoK ftu f;ow"o ;h. J/Bh xZN T[wo dh e[Vh B{z
dkyb BjhI eodk j[zdk ;h go gqfsGk d/y e/ nkfrnk d/ fdZsh. nzfwqsk dZ;dh j[zdh -
gVQkT[Idk sK T[j j? Jh BhI ;h. T[j e[M ;[Mkn d/ e/ ;kB{z ;'uD tk;s/ ebgBk eoB tk;s/
T[sFkfjs eodk, ;kv/ seBheh B[e; d{o eo fdzdk. fiBQK f;yKdo{nK ftu Bt/I fpzpK dh
f;oiDk j[zdh T[BQK B{z oZi e/ dkd fdzdk. nkydk - ozr, o{g, fynkb, dh nkswk ;kdrh j?.
wK pVk }'o bkT[Idh fe nzfwqsk B{z g?fo; dh jkJh ckJh ;';kfJNh fdykJ/, T[g/ok fdykJ/,
fEJ/No fdykJ/, b'e d/yD fe g{op dh Fkj}kdh fezBh ;[jDh j?, T[;dh fezBh uzrh gfotoF
j' ojh j?, d/y e/ e'Jh ykBdkBh w[zvk fJ; dk jZE wzr bt/. go nzfwqsk dk T[E/ ;kj
x[Ndk, ;G B{z SZv e/ nkgDh toeFkg ftu d"V nkT[Idh. g/IN eoB bJh T[;B{z jkJh
;';kfJNh BjhI ukjhdh, T[j nkw ihtB fdykJ/rh, ;kdk ihtB. g?fo; dhnK nkoN r?bohnK
ftu ik e/ th T[j Gkosh nkoN ;kjwD/ yb' iKdh, T[jh T[;B{z ft;wkfds eodk, Gkosh
nkoN dh T[swsk dk gsk T[;B{z g?fo; ftu bZrk. fejk eodh - Gkosh ebk dh fJe
fuZgo ;ko/ o?B/;K s'I tXhe ehwsh j?, tXhe t}Bdko.
T[wokT[ f;zx ;z;feqs, cb;ck ns/ cko;h gVQdk ofjzdk. w/oh xo dh ;iktN tk;s/
jo wfjzrh uh} yohddh. T[j nkgDh nwhoh dh B[wkfJF bkJ/rh, ukj, fvBo gkoNhnK
dJ/rh, nfijk eofdnK nkgDhnK XhnK bJh nwho}kdk bZG/rh. pj[s E'VQ/ ;w/I ftu nzfwqsk
dh co?Iu tXhnk j' rJh.
wK T[;B{z gkoNhnK s/ fbikDk ukj[zdh go nzfwqsk B/ fJBeko eo fdZsk. T[j ftjbk
tes nkgD/ jwT[wo f;yKdo{nK Bkb ekch jkT{; ikDk g;zd eodh. pkdb/no T[;dk
g;zdhdk eth ;h fi; B/ fbfynk, **g?fo; v[Zfpnk j'fJnk j?, ;sfj s'I T[go E'VQk fdykJh
fdzdk j?, pj[sk v[Zfpnk j'fJnk j?, nfdqFN j?.**
j?Boh wsh;h 1894 d/ g?fo; pko/ fbydk j? - szr rbhnK ftu b'eK dh GhV,
euok, oZdh yohdD tkb/, g[okD/ eZgV/ t/uD tkb/, uke{ fsZy/ eoB tkb/, e[Zs/ w[zBD tkb/,
wZShnK t/uD tkb/, fgzifonK ftu pzd gzSh t/uD tkb/, p{j/ pkohnK dhnK u{bK mhe eoB
tkb/, T[BQK dhnK fGzB fGzB ntk}K, ;kjwD/ dfonk ftu nDfrDs feFshnK d/ pkdtkB,
;hNhnK, fJziDK dhnK ntk}K, eo/BK d[nkok ;kwkB bZdD ns/ T[skoB dhnK ntk}K HHH fJj
j? g?fo; Ffjo.
nkgDh BkBh B{z Bzrh Sksh tkbh n"os dh g/IfNzr G/ifdnK fbfynk - d'jsh tb'I
fgnkoh BkBh B{z ;bkw s/ fJj s[jck. fgnkoh BkBh, nc;'; j? tXhnk g/IfNzr BjhI G/i
;edh feT[Ife tXhnk tXhnk B[wkfJF tk;s/ oZy bJhnK jB.
:{gh d/ okik Btkp nbh dk g[Zso :{;c ykB g?fo; d/ d"o/ s/ ;h. fJj nwho}kdk
;[jDk pj[s ;h. wK B/ ;'funk, nzfwqsk tk;s/ fJj tXhnk oj/. fJBQK dh w[bkeks eotk
fdZsh. fJBQK w[bkeksK pkd wzrDh j' rJh.fJBQK w[bkeksK ;dek nzfwqsk roGtsh j' rJh.
121

fJbki tk;s/ fteNo e'b ubh rJh. fteNo B/ roGgks ehsk. nkgDh G?D B{z ys fbfynk
- fJj ;G e[M wK ekoB j'fJnk. fJNkbhnB pZ[ssqkF t/b/ th w/ok pjkBk pDkfJnk frnk
;h, j[D c/o nkgDhnK fJSktK dh g{osh tk;s/ w/oh pbh fdZsh ik ojh j?. wK B{z ys
fbfynk - :{;c GbkwkD; BjhI j?. T[j eJh e[VhnK Bkb ghxK M{N foj?. w[;bwkB Bkb
ftnkj eotkT[D d/ eh B[e;kB B/ w?B{z BjhI ;h gsk, gkgk B/ dZf;n?. w/o/ fgS'I d{ih Bkb s/
d{ih fgS'I shih Bkb, T[j uko ftnkj eotk ;ed?. ekB{zB w/oh e'Jh wZdd BjhI eo/rk.
nkgD/ pko/ c?;bk w?I fe;/ B{z BjhI eoB fdnKrh.
fJe fdB g?fo; d/ fEJ/No ghrkb ftubh B[wkfJF d/yD rJ/. fJe ewo/ ftu
oftzdoBkE N?r'o dhnK g/IfNzr} dh B[wkfJF bZrh j'Jh ;h. N?r'o dhnK g/IfNzr} d/y e/
T[wokU f;zx B/ fejk - fJj f;nkDk fpnkDk pzdk th wkvoB nkoN eo foj?, j?okBh j'Jh.
nzfwqsk B/ fejk - fJjdhnK vokfJzr} fJjdhnK eftsktK Bkb'I tXhnk B/. nzfwqsk B/ wkfgnK
B{z efj fdZsk - w/oh g?fo; dh f;ybkJh ysw. j[D Gkos uZbhJ/. wkg/ Gkos tkg;h d/ jZe
ftu BjhI ;B. T[BQK B{z nkgDh e[Vh dhnK o'wKfNe ejkDhnK dk gsk ;h.T[wokT[ f;zx B{z
brdk fJj fjzd[;skB ftu ojh sK ykBdkB B{z ebzfes eo/rh, x'o pdBkwh j'J/rh. fJE/ i'
eodh j?, fJ;dk T[E/ fe;/ B{z eh gsk. fgsk B/ BKj eo fdsh sK ys fbfynk - ;kv/ Bkb
fgnko dh EK s[jkB{z nkgDh ykBdkBh FkB tX ehwsh brdh j? fgsk ih. w?I d[okukoB BjhI
jK. w?I fJybke s'I froh j'Jh BjhI jK. w/oh fJ; rZb B{z xZN b'e ;wMDr/. nkgD/
ebkswe ftek; ekoB w?I Gkos ikD dh fJS[Ze jK, w?B{z s[jkvh j";bk nc}kJh dh b'V j?.
s[jkvk fynkb rbs j? fe Gkos B{z w?I BjhI ikDdh, Bk ikD ;edh jK. fgsk ih w?I Gkos
B{z ikDdh jK, j'o ikD iktKrh. fi; t;s{ dh w?B{z b'V j?, T[j :'og ftu BjhI j?. w/oh
fJE'I dh ebk e/tb nekdfwe j?, w[odk. Gkos fJ; ftu ikB gk dJ/rk. Gkos d/ g/Iv{
b'eK dk nBzs nksw-;wogD, g{oB ftFtk;, g{oB Xhoi, T[BQK dh pd;{osh ftu wjkB
y{p;{osh, gZSw ftub/ ;;s/ Bebh i}p/ s'I w[es jB fjzd[;skBh.
g?fo; ftu T[;dh F[jos ;[D e/ wkg/ y[F j[zd/ go T[BQK B{z eh gsk ;h nzfwqsk Gkos
B{z nkgDh e?Bt; dk e/Ido wzB u[Zeh j?, fjzd[;skB ftu ofjzfdnK T[;B{z brdk j[zdk fit/I
T[j gZSw dh Xh j?", ;G nfj;k; gZSwh. g?fo; ftu T[bN j'fJnk, T[j g{oh d/;h j' rJh.
T[;B/ fbfynk - 1933 ftu Gkos B/ w?B{z u[c/foT[I x/o fbnk. w?I tkg; nkT[D bJh sVgD
bZrh. T[;d/ T[;skd f;w'B B/ fejk - fJzB/ o"FB fdwkr dh ebkeko B{z G/iD dk fdb sK
BjhI eodk go w?B{z gsk j?, g?fo; d/ Bho; ;b/Nh wkj"b ftu fJj ysw j' ikJ/rh, fJ; d/
ozrK B{z Gkosh X[ZgK ukjhdhnK jB. Btzpo 1934 ftu uZb/ s/ d;zpo ftu tkg; nk rJ/.
1931 s'I 1935 d/ ;w/I d"okB nzfwqsk B/ fijV/ ys fteNo B{z fby/ T[j fwb rJ/ jB, Bhb/
ghb/ ekr}K T[go ekbh f;nkjh tosh j?.
wkou 1931 - s{z n?Bk uzrk s/ fJwkBdko j?I fe w?I s/o/ ekpb BjhI jK. nkofN;N d/
s"o s/ w?I mhe jK, ftnesh d/ s"o s/ BfyZX. w/o/ nkouD ftu pj[s ykwhnK jB. i' rZb
uzrh j? T[j fJj fe w?B{z nkgDhnK ykwhnK dk gsk j?.
wJh 1933 - w?B{z nekdwh dk n;kXkoD w?Ipo u[D fbnk frn?. fJ;dk ckfJdk fJj
j't/rk fe iZiK B{z fdykJ/ pr?o nkgDh wBwo}h d/ s"o s/ d' fuZso w?I B[wkfJF ftu oZy
;eKrh. fijVhnK g/IfNzr} w?B{z ;G s'I tXhnk bZrdhnK B/, iZi T[BQK B{z oZd eo fdzd/ B/. w? I
pD/ pDkJ/ co/w u'I pkjo fBeb e/ g/IN eoKrh sK e[M FkBdko j' ;ed?. nrb/ ;kb w/oh
wo}h d/ fijV/ fuso j'Dr/, T[BQK dh o{go/yk w?I wB ftu pDk bJh j?.
nr;s 1933 - nZr/ Bkb'I w/o/ j[Bo ftu fByko nkfJnk. w?B{z nkgDk s/ nkgDh
ouBk dk gsk j?, fJj w{v-nkXkfos BjhI. edh edh fJj fynkb w?B{z gkrb eo fdzdk j?
fe eh ;kT{ j' e/ poZF ubkfJnk ik ;ed?< w?I pr?o fe;/ i}p/ d/ g/IN eo ojh jK go
fJj y"cBke j?, ;'udh jK fpBK skesto i}p/ d/ s;tho ;'jDh fet/I pD/rh< i}pk s/
;wogD. i/ FZe w"i{d jB sK ;wogD fet/I j' ;edk j? < w? I ftFtk; Bkb g/IN eoK fe
FZe Bkb< fiBQK B{z gsk BjhI j[zdk feXo ikDk j? T[j th fes/ Bk fes/ gj[zu iKd/ jB. w?B{z
brd? w?I tZvh spdhbh d/ s{ckB ;kjwD/ yb'sh jK.
122

nes{po 1933- w/oh w[Ybh gqfsGk tkg; nk ojh j?. jo tes w?I u[okj/ ftu c;
iKdh jK, ;wZf;nk B?fse j?, p"fXe j? iK fi;wkBh, w?B{z d't/I gk;/ ;kc fd; oj/ jB.
gqtkfBs edoK ehwsK BjhI uZbdhnK. yzv fe;/ B{z fwZmh bZrdh j? fe;/ B{z e"Vh. nBzs ;Zu
eh jB w?B{z BjhI gsk. pE/ohnK o[wKfNe rZbK ;[D bJhnK, fit/I B/eh T[j j? id'I s[;hI fe;/
tk;s/ nkgD/ fjZsK dk fsnkr eod/ j', pdh T[j j? id'I s[;hI nkgD/ fjsK dh gqkgsh bJh
d{finK B{z e[opkB eo fdzd/ j'. w/o/ nkb/ d[nkb/ nfijk T[bfMnk j'fJnk ;z;ko j? fijVk
B/eh s/ pdh d/ oZ;/ ftu B{fVnk BjhI ik ;edk. ;wZf;nk dk e'Jh jZb BjhI fJ; eoe/
p/u?Bh ;[Gkfte j?. p/u?Bh dk fBozso fFeko j[zdh jK. w?B{z gs? i/ w?I o' gtK sK p/u?Bh jN
iKdh j?. w?I nkgD/ nkg B{z fejk - o'. w?I o' gJh. d/o sZe o'Jh. fco fejk - u[Zg eo.
u[Zg eoe/ poZF u[Zfenk s/ g/IN eoB bZrh. d/o oks sZe g/IN eodh ofjzdh jK.
- ftZfdnk wkbh dk ezw eodh j?, i' s[jkv/ Bkb ;fjws BjhI, T[;B{z BdhB tKr
g[ZN e/ pkjo ;[ZN fdU. ftZfdnk w[YbhnK ykfjFK B{z iV'I g[ZND dk j";bk fdzdh j? feT[Ife
fJj gF{ fposhnK jB. nkgDk c?;bk nkg eoBk mhe j[zd?. nkgDk c?;bk eoe/ nkfyo c/bQ
j' ikU sK th ;cb j' feT[Ife c?;bk fe;/ dk BjhI s[jkvk ;h. nkgDk c?;bk nkg eoBk
;cb j'D dk w[Ybk n?bkB j?. j'oK d/ c?;b/ T[go f;o ;[ ZN e/ ezw eoB tkb/ gF{ jB.
fFwbk 1935- :'og dh mzY ns/ ;b/Nh ozr s'I w?I szr nk rJh ;K. fJE/ jo/e
uh} e[dosh j?. :'og ftu w?I ;cb BjhI j' ;edh, fJ;d/ ozr w/o/ ;[Gkn Bkb po BjhI
w/ud/. :'og d/ ozr ghb/ B/, jo uh} ghbh. :'oghBK s/ GkoshnK d/ ozr sK tZy tZy jB
jh, fJBQK d/ goSkt/I th nZv nZv ozr d/ B/, X[Zg jo/e t;s{ dh F/v pdbdh j?. r'o/ dk
goSktK Bhbk-ikwDh j? s/ Gkosh dk ;[Bfjoh-jok. w/ok goSktK ghbk j?. tkB rkr B{z
fe;/ B/ dZf;nk ;h fe d/tfsnK dk wBg;zd ozr ghbk j?.
fBT{:koe dk c'N'rqkco fouov n?t/d' e?wo/ Bkb nfdqFN xNBktK cVdk j[zdk, fejk
eodk - fi; s'I s[;hI godk BjhI jNk ;ed/, w?I pr?o godk jNkJ/ dZ; ;edk jK s/ fdyk
;edk jK god/ fgS/ eh j?. fJ; dh T[dkjoB 1957 ftu fyZuh T[;dh wkofbB wBo' dh
s;tho j?. jkbht[Zv dh BkfJek wBo' T[;d/ ;N{vhU ftu nkJh, BZuh, rhs rkfJnk, o[wK;
ehsk, ;G e[M s'I pkd EZe e/ fJe gk;/ p?m rJh, T[dk; HHH feT[Ife eoB bJh e[M j'o
pkeh pfunk BjhI. fJ; tes n?t/d' B/ c''N' efbZe ehsh. c'N' ftu'I T[;dh ;[zdosk, uzubsk,
ekw[esk s/ ;EkJh d[y fdZ; fojk j?. E'VQ/ ;kbK pkd id' wBo' dh w"s dh ypo nkJh, fJj
c'N' bZyK dh frDsh ftu fteh. T[;d/ fujo/ T[go c'N'rqkco B/ w"s cV oZyh j?. c'N'rqkco
B/ T[j fSD cV fbnk fijVk j'oK B{z BjhI fdf;nk. c'N'rqkco B/ fejk - wBo' Bkw dh
e'Jh n"os fe;/ B{z fet/I gqGkfts eo ;edh j?< wBo' nkgD/ nkg ftu'I fJe wofbB xVdh
s/ g/F eodh, fJj xVh rJh g/Fekoh doFeK B{z X{j gkT[Idh.
Ubhto r'bv;fwZE (1728-74) nB[;ko fBgz[B n?eNo T[j j[zdk j? fijVk ;N/i T[go
n;bh, ;kdk, fdbfyutK s/ e[dosh bZr/, ;N/i'I j/mK nk e/ p/FZe fJT[I bZr/ fit/I n?efNzr
eoB bZrk j't/.
:{B?;e' dk w[bk}w pbd{B YhIrok F/ofrbK d/ xo g?fo; ne;o nkT[Idk iKdk ;h,
dZ;dk j? fe nzfwqsk d/ g;zdhdk b/ye dk;s't;eh s/ Nkw; wkB ;B. YhIrok s'b;s'Jh dh
f;cs eodk, d'tK ftu uouk j[zdh sK nzfwqsk nkydh - dk;s't;eh ;[gohw j? feT[Ife T[j
nDEe :ksoh j?, nkoN gqsh JhwkBdko. p[okJh dh FowBke sbyh ekoB th fEVedk Bk,
S[gkT[Idk Bk, ihtB ftu'I B/ehnK sbkFD dh T[;B{z }o{os BjhI ;h brdh. Nkb;NkfJ T[d'I
sZe T[Zsw ebkeko ;h id'I sZe T[;B/ Jh;kJh wZs dh gftZsosk ns/ nfjz;k d/ jZe ftu
gquko F[o{ BjhI ehsk ;h. T[;dk wkBt fjsekoh ns/ Xowh w[y"Nk ysoBke ;h. fijV/
dk;s't;eh B{z wkoBk ukj[zd/ jB T[j s'b;s'Jh B{z e[jkV/ tKr T[; fto[ZX ubkT[Id/ jB.
1934 d/ nyho ftu id'I T[j Gkos nkJh sK fFwb/ wkfgnK e'b ofjD dh EK
wihmhnk jkT{;, wfjb tor/ nkgD/ iZdh xo ftu nzfwqs;o ubh rJh. T[E/ ;ko/ foFs/dko
fwbD nkT[Id/ iKd/ ofjzd/. nzfwqsk XVkXV T[BQK d/ fuZso pDkT[Idh. T[;B/ gZSwh fbpk; dk
g{oB fsnkr eoe/ ;kVQh gfjBDh F[o{ ehsh. wK B/ fFwb/ s'I e[M ;tkNo io;hnK G/i/
123

fijBK d/ ozr, fv}kJhB, p[Dsh Gkosh BjhI ;h. T[;B/ tkg; G/ifdnk fbfynk - w?I j[D
gZSwh fbpk; BjhI gfjBKrh, fiBQK b'eK ftu ojKrh, T[BQK torh fd;Krh, ;[w/o nkgDh
;[Bfjoh ;kVQh b? e/ w/o/ e'b nkJh ;h, w?B{z d/D tk;s/, nkydh ;h w?I sK j[D coK;h;h
fbpk; gfjfBnK eoKrh, w?I eh eoBh n? fJj< BkdkB Gkosh n"osK B{z gsk BjhI d/;h
fbpk; ftu T[j fezBhnK ;[jDhnK brdhnK jB. go w?I }oh Bkb bZdh fJj ;kVQh b?D s'I
fJBeko eo fdZsk feT[Ife fJ; dh ehws S/ ;" o[gJ/ s'I tXhe j?, fJ; pdb/ J/Bh ehws dh
e'Jh uh} d/D tk;s/ w//o/ e'b j? BjhI. nc;';.
T[j r{VQ/ ozr dhnK ;kVQhnK gfjBdh fiBQK ftu'I T[;dk pdkwh ozrk fujok T[xV/.
d/yD tkbk d/ydk ofj iKdk. rowhnK nkJhnK sK fFwb/ ubh rJh. T[E/ ebeZs/ s'I d'
ebkeko Gok podk T[feb ns/ ;odk Tf[eb fwbD tk;s/ nkJ/.1926 ftu fJBQK d'tK B/
ebeZs/ ns/ fdZbh ftu nkoN ;e{bK dh ;EkgBk ehsh ;h. wjkokfinK d/ Fkj}kd/,
fpT[o'eo?N, ne;o rowhnK dh scohj tk;s/ fJXo s[o/ ofjzd/. nzfwqsk B{z fwbd/. pj[fsnK
B/ fJE/ ;wo j'w} pDk oZy/ ;B. nzfwqsk B{z fvBo ns/ bzu gkoNhnK d/ ;Zd/ fwbd/ ofjzd/.
;kok fdB ezw eodh, Fkw g?D s/ gkoNhnK ftu EektN T[skoB ubh iKdh. pj[s/ pzd/
T[;B{z f;ZXo/ brd/.
fdZbh s'I fcbk;ch d/ fJe i[nkB gq/w B{z wkvb ti'I fFwb/ b? nkJh. gfjb/ fdB
T[;B{z ;wMk fdZsk - gq/w uzd w/o/ d' wB jB, fJe n"os dk wB d{ik ebkeko dk. s?B{z
fJe ebkeko fJE/ b? e/ nkfJnk j? feT[Ife s/ok pdFeb fujok, fuso/ ikD bJh w?B{z
gqGkfts eodk j?. ps"o fJe n"os w/o/ e'b s/oh e'Jh EK BjhI. w?I nkgDh j'Id nkg
fBoXkfos eodh jK, phno s/ F?wg/B ghIdh jK, BZudh jK, fJFe eodh jK s/ ;G ek;/ B{z
oZd eo fdzdh jK. fJ; ihtB ftu s/ok e'Jh EK BjhI. nkoN w/ok eko'pko j?. w/ok fdb
e[M j'o ukj[zdk j?.
T[;d/ fJ; soQK d/ ftjko B/ eJhnK d/ fdb s'V/.pzdk ;'udk- fJ; e[Vh B{z gqkgs
eoBk fezBk n;kB j?.E'Vh d/o pkd nzfwqsk nky fdzdh- s?B{z oZd eo d/Dk fezBk nk;kB j?.
nkb fJzvhnk o/vhU fdZbh dk ;jkfJe vkfJo?eNo oFhd nfjwd fwbdk ofjzdk,
d';sh j'Jh, d/; tzv tes gkfe;skB ubk frnk s/ o/vhU gkfe;skB dk vkfJo?eNo iBob
foNkfJo j'fJnk, fbydk j? - T[j ikDB dh, y'iD dh F"ehB ;h, ;wkie pzXBK s'I w[es.
jo soQK d/ gqGktK dk ;tkrs go n;o nkgDh wo}h Bkb ep{bdh, e'Jh jB/oh T[;B{z T[vk
BjhI ;edh ;h. T[j wB[Zyh o{jK dk xkD eoB d/ ;woZE ;h go ;ys ikB J/Bh fe T[;
nzdobk ebkeko jo i}p/ s'I fBob/g ofjzdk.
1932 ftu nzro/} w?bew wk;e' fty/ rkovhnB nypko tk;s/ ezw eodk ;h fiE/
T[;B{z efwT{fB;N ;oeko d/ d'rb/gD dk gsk bZrk, b'eK dk fFeko ehs/ ikD dk gsk
bZrk. T[;dh feskp ftzNo fJB wk;e' pj[s gqf;ZX j'Jh go T[;B{z B"eohUI itkp fwb frnk
sK T[; B/ ebeZs/ ;N/N;w?B tk;s/ ezw F[o{ eo fdZsk. ebeZs/ ;zgkde Bkb MrVk fSV
frnk sK yfjVk S[vkT[D tk;s/ fJ;dh pdbh fFwb/ eo fdZsh. fJj fJe soQk dh ;}k
fdZsh rJh ;h. fJE/ fJ; dh w[bkeks nzfwqsk Bkb j'Jh. nkgDh nksweEk ftu T[j fFwb/
pko/ fbydk j? - rowhnK dh o[Zs/, g{oh ;oeko ngj[zu gjkVhnK ftu ubh ikt/ s/ d{o
d[okfvUI oki eo/, nuzG/iBe j?. fJj Ffjo j? jh ;jh wkfJfBnK ftu nzro/}h ;oeko dh
g?dktko, ;kfjp b'eK B/ ;kfjp b'eK tk;s/ t;kfJnk. id'I nzro/}K dk oki ysw j'J/rk,
fJj oki fej' fijk j[zdk ;h, p; fFwbk d/y e/ gsk bZr ikfJnk eo/rk. fJe fJzu EK
d/;h BjhI. uou, wkbo'v, n?stko FkwhI wkb o'v T[go Nfjbd/ r'o/ r'ohnK, tZi fojk
pokZ; p?Iv, n"osK d/ f;oK T[go ozr pozrhnK SsohnK s/ wodK d/ f;oK s/ tZv/ ;c?d N'g.
o[sp/ nB[;ko nkpkdhnK ns/ xoK d/ ;kJh}, jo/e d/ Bkw ns/ nj[d/ dh sysh, pkjo'I jh
gsk bZr ikDk ukjhdk j? fe; j;sh dk dotk}k j?. S'Nk fijk fEJ/No th j? fiE/ BkNe
j[zd/ jB, fcbw ubdh j?. fegfbzr B/ fJe BkNe ftu fJE/ n?eN ehsk ;h. tkfJ;okfJ
wfjb dh okyh f;Zy rkod eodh j?. f;gkjhnK B/ g[ZmhnK dkjVhnK ukVQ e/ ikbhnK
124

g/Nhnk j'JhnK jB. ewKvo fJB uhc bkov feuBo B/ nkgDk wfjb fFwb/ s'I iok jNtK
pDkfJnk j?.
nkgDh gZsoeko pokdoh pko/ T[;dh fNZgDh j? - gZsoeko ;oeko d/ fgZS/ fgZS/ fJ;
soQK d"Vd/ jB fit/I ijk} d/ fgS/ FkoeK bZr iKdhnK jB sK fe ijk} ftu'I ;w[zdo ftu
;[ZfNnk frnk euok yk ;eD. fJ; wkj"b dk fieo pkd ftu w?bew B/ nkgDh vkfJoh
ftu i{B 1935 B{z fJT[I ehsk - nzfwqsk dh wK jzekoh j'Jh G?Vh iBkBh bZrh, T[;dk ofjD
;fjD dk Yzr ;owkJ/dkokBk j? s/ ;odko F/ofrZb T[;B{z g;zd BjhI eodk go bkukoht;
podkFs eodk fd;dk j?. ;odko dh y[ZbQh dkjVh j?, bzw/-ewh} T[go'I dh p?bN e; b?Idk
j?, fJT[I brdk j? fit/I Nkb;NkfJ i/ }wkB/ dk o{;h fe;kB j't/. fsZyhnK jtktK ftu T[;dh
dkjVh T[vD brdh j?. phth s'I nZfenk j'fJnk T[j feskp gVQB brdk j?, cb;c/ T[go
uouk eodk j? s/ iK fco SZs s/ yb' e/ sko/ d/yD bZr iKdk j?. T[;dhnK ykbh fBrkjK
T[;dh jkbs dh ypo d;dhnK jB. nzfwqsk T[;B{z w'N/ f;o tkbh ekw[e e[Vh fd;dh j?,
**w?I fJ; e[Vh B{z eJh tko fwfbnk, eJh tko fJ; Bkb j'Nb ftu BZfunk, eJh tko T[;B/
fejk c'B eoKrh, fJZe Fkw w?I fejk - w?I T[d'I sZe BZuh ikDk ukj[zdk jK id'I sZe p/j'F
BjhI j' iKdk. T[j p'bh - w?I ed/ p/j'F BjhI j'Jh. T[j w/oh p/j'F j' ikD tkbh rZb ;Zu
wzB rJh.
w?bew pko/ nkgDh G?D B{z ys ftu nzfwqsk fbydh j? - T[j FkBdko nzro/} j?,
fdbu;g, p[ZXhtkB, fdb-fyZutK. T[; tork ni/ sZe e'Jh BjhI fwfbnk. w/o/ pko/ th T[j
fJj' efjzdk j?. u[rby'oK dh fJ; p/o; GhV ftu ;kB{z d'tK B{z fwb e/ y[Fh j[zdh. fJ;
o[Zs ftu fJ; s'I fJbktk eJh j'o d';s th pD/. fJBQK B{z T[j nkgD/ fFeko dZ;dh j?.
xo fbik e/ T[;B/ w?bew B{z nkgDhnK g/IfNzr} fdykJhnK, w?bew B{z dofwnkBhnK
bZrhnK go y[F eoB tk;s/ nky fdZsk - s{z ihBhn; j?I. nzfwqsk y[F j' rJh, fJ;/ y[Fh
ftu T[;B/ w?bew dk g'oNq/N fusfonk fijVk j[D fdZbh dh B?FBb r?boh nkc wkvoB
nkoN ftu fgnk j?. w?bew B/ fbfynk - e?Bt; T[go T[skoB t/b/ fJT[I brdk ;h fit/I
w/ok fFeko eoB bZrh j't/, fit/I w?B{z fBrb ikJ/rh. g;hB' g;hBk j' iKdh, ezw w[ek e/,
EZe e/, e[o;h s/ fvr g?Idh. fJj ;kok e[M iKrbh fe;w dk brdk.
22 wJh 1935 d/ fdB nkgDh vkfJoh d/ gzB/ s/ fbydk j? - f;Zgh w/b/ s/ w?I fJe
n"os d/yh, nZXh jzr/ohnB, nZXh Gkosh, ;kVQh ftu fbgNh j'Jh. tkovB gko;h B/ tkech
eokT[IfdnK fejk - ;/f;b j'Nb ftu vKB; ehsk ikt/ < w?B{z i}pksh T[bMD dh y[Fp{
nkJh. w?I nkgDh gsBh B{z bzvB ys fbyD/ G[Zb frnk, n;hI Fokp ghId/ s/ BZud/, w[V
fwbD dk, c'B eoB dk tkndk eoe/ tZy j[zd/. g?fo; s'I gVQ e/ nkJh j?. r}p j?.
6 i{B 1935 - go;'I nkJh, fJeZfmnK ykDk ykXk, Bku rkDk d/yd/ oj/, y[F ;K. eZbQ
;N/N;w?B B{z n;shck fby e/ G/i fdZsk. edh edh w?I T[;B{z Bcos eoB bZr ikBK, fw;kb
ti'I nZi fwbD frnk. T[j gqkgs j'J/ gq/w gZso ukT[ Bkb gVQ ojh ;h, efjD bZrh- nZi
;t/o tkovB Bkb ;?o eoB rJh, T[j efjD bZrk - w?I s[jkvhnK T[IrbK d/ g'N/ u[zw btK<
w?B{z T[;dk nfijk dzGh, jzekoh, ftrfVnk fdyktk ;jh BjhI bZrk. bZrk w?B{z T[bNh nk
ikt/rh.
- n;hI rZbK eod/ oj/, ;wM' fe fdyktk eod/ oj/. jo tkoh gfjbK Bkb'I tXhe
dpkn gk e/ w/o/ j'Im u[zw b?Idh. gjkVh T[go uVQ rJ/. w?I T[;dk fujok fXnkB Bkb
d/fynk, ihtB s'I ;ZyDk, nZyK j/m dkfJo/, nfsqgs w{zj. nkT[Idh j'Jh efjD bZrh, pVh G[Zy
bZrh j?, pj[s ;kok ykDk yktKrh. d' fszB tko w?I T[;dhnK rZbK s/ T[uh T[uh jZf;nk, fco
SZv nkfJnk.
fJj w?bew jh ;h fi;B/ nzfwqsk B{z dZf;nk - s{z Bko;hf;;fNe (y[d B{z ;G s'I
tXhe ;[jDk ;wMfdnK nkgD/ nkg T[go w'fjs j' ikDk) o'r s'I ghfVs j?. w?bew T[;B{z
fJe gqeko dh e[nkoh e[Vh th ;wMdk j? feT[Ife fe;/ wod Bkb fwbkg, T[; T[go e'Jh
n;o BjhI eodk. ihtB ftu e'Jh nkfJnk fe e'Jh frnk, coe BjhI.
125

16 i{B 1935 - g"D/ ;Zs ti/ w?I Bjk fbnk, fij' fij/ ozr g;zd eodh ;h, T[;
nB[;ko g?IN e'N gfjfBnk, NkJh bk bJh. joh ;kVQh, bkb ;[Bfjoh pkovo, T[j nZm ti/
nk rJh, nkT[IfdnK jh nkgD/ nkFeK dhnK ejkDhnK ;[DkT[D bZrh, n?pBkowb ftjko. fco
fJe fJe eoe/ }/to T[skoB bZrh, fco nkgD/ e/; y'bQ fdZs/. fJe' BkNe B{z fit/I e'Jh
tko tko d/yD bZr/, T[jh ueku"IX, ndG[s wkj"b, d; tko d/y' iK thj tko, fdb b[GkT{,
go fJe gb nfijk nkJ/rk jh id'I s[;hI nky'r/ - pZ;. fJe ;wK nkJ/rk id'I s[jkB{z fyM
s/ fxqDk j't/rh.
e[M fdB pkd fbfynk - eZbQ oks w/o/ ;kjwD/ id'I ;kVQh gfjBh, w?I T[; ftu
fBFfus fgnko dk i}pk d/fynk, gfjbK nfijk e[M BjhI d/fynk ;h, T[j w/o/ B/V/ nk e/
p?m rJh, FKs, f;o M[ekJh, T[dk;.
- eh j'fJn?< w?I g[fSnk. e'Jh T[so BjhI fdZsk.
- b/N j' rJh jK. wzwh gkgk fMVeDr/. s{z w/o/ s'I EZeD bZr frn?I, fJj tke
T[;B/ fejk BjhI, go fujo/ T[go fbfynk gfVQnk ik ;edk ;h. w/ok wB dqt frnk. fJj
nfijk wkj"b j[zdk j? id'I e[M fbyD dk wB pD iKdk j?, w/o/ ftu f;oiDk Fesh T[d?
j[zdh j? go w?I fbydk BhI, fbyD tk;s/ id'I e'Jh rZb j? Jh BjhI. w?B{z ;'c/ s/ fpmk e/ w/ok
fuso pDkT[D bZrdh, g{o/ fXnkB Bkb d/ydk, xks bk e/ fFeko tZb tX oj/ fFekoh
ikBto tKr feqnkFhb, fXnkB e/Ifdqs, edh edh ;kj s/} uZbD bZrd/, T[gob/ p[ZbQ ns/ wZE/
T[go g;hB/ dhnK p{zdK fbFedhnK. iKrbh nfj;k;K B{z ozrK ftu o'VQdh s/} s/} p[oF
ubkT[Idh. T[;dk fujok sDkT[ ftu j[zdk, T[; dk fuso sDkT[ dk fdqF g/F eodk. T[;d/
fuso/ Gkosh wodK n"osK d/ fujfonK T[go ihtB dh EK w"s tXhe SkJh j'Jh j?, N[ZN
GzB. y[d edh r[bkp ib tKr gftZso s/ y[F, BtiBwh nS[j o{j, edh fdqVQ ftFtk;h,
edh ufoZsojhD, fJedw tbro. bzwk ;wK T[; Bkb fpsk e/ w?B{z gsk Bk bZrk T[j j?
eh. eh T[; ftu nfijk e[M j? th ;h fi; pko/ e'Jh ikD ;e/< T[;B{z d/yD ;ko nip
wkj"b sD iKdk fit/I eZuk wk; ykD dh F"ehB, fit/I nZr T[go'I bkj e/ T[pbdh soh ghD
bJh p/skp.
;szpo 1935 ftu T[j tkg; bzdB bJh otkBk j'fJnk. ftdkfJrh dh Fkw T[;B/
fJT[I fusoh j? - T[;dk pkjo fBebD dk ;wK BjhI ;h fJj, go w?B{z ftdk eoB bJh
;N/FB tb fdB Yb/ uZb gJh. n;hI co?Iu ftu fBZehnK fBZehnK rZbK eod/ gb/Nckow s/
x[zwd/ oj/. nkyo fJe fBeh fijh gjkVh rZvh d/ fJziD B/ ;hNh wkoh. T[; Bkb fpskfJnk
;wK HH uzrk th ;h HHH wkVk th. rZvh uZb gJh. id'I sZe nZy'I go'y/ BjhI j'J/ w? I T[; tZb
T[j w/o/ tZb d/y d/y jZE fjbkT[Id/ j'J/ nbftdk nkyd/ oj/. w?B{z gsk ;h, w?I T[;B{z ed/
BjhI fwbKrk, fwbDk ukjKrk th BjhI. 1941 ftu gsk bZrk fe T[;dh w"s j' rJh j?
nukBe. ni/ E'VQh jh T[wo ;h. fgS'I w?B{z ypo fwbh fe T[;dh wK B/ y[de[Fh eo bJh.
d'tK w"sK dh ypo B/ w/o/ T[go e'Jh n;o BjhI ehsk.
1935 ftu T[;B/ gjkVh wod ns/ gjkVh n"osK d' g/IfNzr} ehshnK fiBQK dh uouk
j'Jh. fJBQK feqsK B{z rohp wB[ZyK dh FkB d/ gqshe nky e/ ;fsekfonk frnk. nzfwqsk d/
nkgD/ Fpd jB - g?fo; s'I tkg; nkJh sK Gkos w/oh nk; s'I tZyoh soQK dk fdf;nk s/
;fEo j' frnk. T[dk; go ;'jD/ b'e, ekb/ ozr, gsb/ ;[Ze/ fi;w u[Zg ukg s[o/ ik oj/ jB
fit/I ekr} T[go tkjhnK behoK s[oB bZr ikD, nBzs ykw'Fh ftu fxo/ j'J/.
1938 ftu ;okfJnk nk e/ j'o g/fINzr} pDkJhnK - n"osK, sbkp ftu BjkT[Id/ jkEh
ns/ bkb EwfbnK tkbk toKvk gqf;ZX j'JhnK. T[;B{z gjkVh, oki;EkBh, dZyDh fujfonK dh
pDso fdykT[Dh nkT[Idh j?. w[rb ebk ns/ nizsk dh ebk dhnK pohehnK d/ G/s gsk
jB. fJBQK feosK pko/ dZ;dh j? - d/y e/ s[jkB{z gsk bZr ikt/rk fJj w/o/ ihtB d/ y[F
gb ;B. dZyD s'I tkg; nk e/ d[bjB dk fFzrko, pqjwukoh, pk}ko iKd/ dZyDh g/Iv{ fsnko
ehshnK .
rhsk B/ fbfynk - d[bjB dk fFzrko g/IfNzr d/y'. n"osK dh rzGhosk, e'Jh jkt
Gkt BjhI, i/ e'Jh gqGkt fwbdk th j? T[j T[dk;h dk j?, fit/I pbhdkB d/D tk;s/ fsnkoh
126

j' ojh j't/, iFBK tork fpbe[b e[M BjhI, o[dB th BjhI, gftZso e[opkBh, ftS'Vk, ;wogD
fi; ftu'I wB[Zysk dh t/b nZr/ tX/rh. e{eB{; gzSh dk rhs, rhs ftu'I bkNK, bkNK ftu'I
gzSh dh oky, oky ftu'I Bt/I e{eB{; dk iBw. (fwZE nB[;ko fJj gzSh tv/oh T[wo tes
izrb ftu'I ;[ZehnK NkjDhnK, vZe/ fJeZm/ eo eo Y/oh pDk b?Idk j?. T[go p?m e/ dhge
okr rkT[Idk j? sK eZy ekfBnK B{z nZr bZr iKdh j? fi; ftu e{eB{; ib iKdk j?. ;ktD
dh pkoF id'I wbjko rkJ/rh sK ;[nkj ftu'I i[nkB e{eB{; g?dk j' e/ T[vD bZr/rk.)
nzfwqsk dh fJ; g/IfNzr B{z mhe sohe/ ;wMD tk;s/ gq'H g{oB f;zx dk fjzdh b/y
B:B'I eh rzrk gVQBk ;jkJh oj/rk. FfjBkJh ns/ ;kozrh d/ ;[oK ftu y[Fh j? fe T[dk;h,
ihtB j? fe w"s, ;o'sk fBy/V BjhI ;edk. fJjh Xh dh, fJj' T[;d/ wkfgnK dh, fJj' T[;B{z
fgnko eoB tkb/ ;kfonK dh jkbs j[zdh j?.
T[;B/ nkgD/ nkg B{z eJh e?Bt;K s/ fusfonk. fJe ftu T[j n?B ;kjwfDUI
fdykJh d/ ojh j?, Got/I fi;w tkbh i[nkB n"os, y[ZbQ/ tkb j/m sZe ;oed/ j'J/, sKp/ ozrk
fujok, rb ftu w'shnK dk jko, ebkJhnK ftu u{VhnK, ebkeko BjhI, fJe n"os, T[;/
soQK dh, fit/I ;z;ko ukj[zdk j?, j't/. ;kb 1939, id'I T[;dh F[jos f;yo T[go ;h, fJj
g/IfNzr ehsh. fJ; T[go gkb r'r?I dk ;w[Zuk gqGkt ;kc fdykJh d/ fojk j?. d{ih g/IfNzr
1932 dh j?, fyVeh ;kjwD/ nkokw e[o;h s/ p?mh j?, rzGho w[dok, g{ok ;kdk fbpk;, g/IN
eo ojh j?, fi; jZE ftu poZF cfVnk j'fJnk j? T[j g{ok w}p{s fdykJh fdzdk j?, gqGkt
fJj fe e/tb wB BjhI, ebkeko dk fi;w th w}p{s j't/. fJ; F?bh B{z d/yfdnK ;kB{z
wkJhebJ/Iib' dk pugB :kd nk iKdk j?, T[;skd T[;B{z ;e?u pDkT[IfdnK d/y e/ nkydk j?
- s/ok jZE w}p{s brd? wkJheb. wkJhebJ/ Iib' T[so fdzdk j? - poZF cVB bJh BjhI
T[;skd, fJj jZE jE"V/ tk;s/ pfDn?, gZEo sqkFD tk;s/.
nzfwqsk dh N?eBhe ftd/;h j? go fJ; ftu Gkosh o{j fpokiwkB j?. T[;B/ rohp
w}d{o, wzrsh, fuZso pDkJ/ go fJBQK ftu so; iK T[gGktesk BjhI, Xhoi j?, ;wogD j?,
gqkg/rzvk BjhI, gquko BjhI. Gkosh fcbwK T[go T[;B/ 1937 ftu g/go gfVQnk fi; ftu fejk
- Gkosh fcbwekoK B{z id'I xkj dh fJe gZsh ftu'I ;[zdosk bZG gJh, T[j ;cb j' ikDr/,
Xosh dhnK T[ukDK BhtkDK, y/s tkj[zd/ pbdK dhnK i'VhnK fcbwkT[DhnK g?DrhnK, ;N{vhU
d/ Bebh jb, Bebh pbd BjhI, n;b s;thoK. w/ok efjD dk fJj noE BjhI fe e/tb
g/Iv{ ihtB fcbwkT[D:'r j?. ;kv/ e'b fe;kBK s'I tZyo/ r[zMbdko p"fXe fdwkr th w"i{d
jB, fiBQK d/ ;{yw GktK dh fe;/ B/ Ekj BjhI gkJh. ;kv/ gq'fvT{;o nkoN dh y'i eoB,
fiZE'I fwb/ jk;b eoB. dZyDh Gkosh fJ;sohnK dhnK bfjoKT[IdhnK ;kVQhnK s/ fe;kBK dhnK
;kdhnK X'shnK d/yD, XkB d/ y/s s/ fdB fSgd/ dh X{V fcbwkT[D, fBZehnK fBZehnK t;s{nK
s/ xNBktK dh ;[zdosk fJzdo d/ wfjbK s'I fes/ tXhe T[sw j?.
1936 ftu ;okfJnk fty/ fBZek nS{s ns/ p[ZYk g/IfNzr} ehshnK. fJj p[ZYk ;o ;[zdo
f;zx wihmhnk j?, fJj g/IfNzr ;[zdo f;zx d/ p/N/ feogkb f;zx d/ nkyD s/ ehsh. g{oh
eoe/ fejk - d/y fJj fezBh ;[jDh j?, s{z fejk ;h ;[jDh g/IfNzr pDkT[Dh j?, ;' pDk fdZsh
go fJ; ftubk nkoN ew}'o j?.
fdZbh ns/ w[ zpJh wjKBro T[;B{z uzr/ BjhI bZr/, fejk - Bk fJj gZSwh jB Bk
g{oph, d't/I ;fGnkukoK dk w{zj fuVk oj/ jB. nzfwqsk T[ue'Nh gqfsGk dh wkbe j?, fJ;dh
gSkD go w[ zpJh ftu jh j'Jh. Btzpo 16, 1936 B{z podk T[feb B/ T[;B{z ski j'Nb ftu
;Zfdnk fiE/ ebk gq/whnK ns/ ebk nkb'ueK tk;s/ 20 Btzpo B{z B[wkfJF bkJh. ;zv/
;N?Ivov nypko ftu ekob yzvkbtkbk B/ ft;fsqs fog'oN Skgh, fi; ftu fbfynk - fiBQK
B/ nkoN pkps e[M ikDBk, f;ZyDk j?, T[j nzfwqsk dhnK g/IfNzr} d/yD. T[j nekdwh d/
;N{vhU ;NkJhbK ns/ tkdK fttkdK s'I gko fBeb rJh j?. T[;dk ezw otkfJs s'I goQ/ sK
j?, go y[odphBh fe;w dk BjhI.
feZs/ tZi'I tehb, ekob yzvkbtkbk pkd ftZu pzpJh jkJh e'oN dk iZi fB:[es
j'fJnk.
127

15 iBtoh 1937 B{z pzp/ nkoN ;[;kfJNh B/ ro[Zg nkc dh rob} B{z r'bv w?vb
d/ e/ ;BwkfBnk. NkJhw} nkc fJzvhnk B/ fbfynk - ;kc s/ ;kdh F?bh. fJ; shyD p[ZX
itkB e[Vh d/ ozr gqGkth jB go Gko/ BjhI.
fpqfNF nkowh nc;oK B{z nizsk nb'ok r[cktK 1819 ftu bZGhnK s/ eJh tko fJBQK
d/ T[sko/ eotkJ/ rJ/. ;kb 1915 ftu j?dokpkd ;N/N d/ g[oky'ih ftGkr tb'I ;Z:d
nfjwd okjhI BebK fsnko eotkJhnK. nzfwqsk B/ ;Z:d nfjwd dh feskp d/ye/ fejk -
nZSk, fJj j? nizsk, Bho; s/ Gkoh g/IfNzr, ew}'o. nfjwd dh g/IfNzr, p/ikB j?. id'I T[;
B/ r[cktK d/yhnK sK fJzdok G?D B{z fbfynk - ndG[s EK, fJj' fijh ykw'Fh j'o feXo/ BjhI
d/yh. fi;B/ nizsk BjhI d/yh, T[;B{z eh gsk FKsh eh j[zdh j?. gZEo eZN eZN ftokN p[Zs
sqkF/ j'J/, nDfrDs bVhnK, ukBD J/Bk e[ fizBh e[ skfonK dh fMbfwb, sqkF/ gZEoK ftu'I
f;zwdk gkDh, r}p dh ebk, r}p dh T[dk;hBsk, fijV/ nkyd/ jB pzrkb ;e{b nkc
nkoN nizsk nb'ok s'I gqGkfts j?, rbs jB. nizsk roh j? s/ pzrkb fSbek. Xkofwe
nkoN ;w/s jo nkoN g?dk sK gdkoE d/ nuzG/ ftu'I j[zdk j? go fJj gdkoE dh jZd s'I
gko fBeb iKdk j?. ozr ns/ nkeko dh poheh dh Ekj nZy d/ nB[Gt pr?o fet/I gkJh
ik ;edh j?< j[D w?I f;ZyDk F[o{ ehsk j?, w/o/ ;wekbh fusoeko w/o/ T[;skd BjhI j'
;ed/. nizsk r[cktK d/ xVBjkfonK nZr/ ;bkw. fJBQK dk w/o/ T[go n;o j'fJnk. p/nzs
tZv/ fusoeko n;ozdk} j' ikD, T[BQK dk ;tkrs. ihtB ftu gfjbh tko e[M f;ZyD dh
bkb;k g?dk j'Jh. nizsk ftu XVeD, ;{ywsk ns/ ykw'F fgnko ibtkB[wk j?. fJE'I f;yD
tk;s/ ;wkB fwbdk j?.
fFwbk nkoN; ;';kfJNh B/ T[;B{z ;BwkB d/D dk c?;bk ehsk sK nzfwqsk B/ m[eok
fdZsk. *d fjzd{ nypko ftu T[;B/ b/y fby e/ dZf;nk fe pzrkbh nkofN;N p"B/ jB.
fijV/ jbe/ Yzr sohe/ T[j doFe B{z ehbD bJh tosd/ jB, T[j f;ZyD/ BjhI ukjhd/,
fiBQK B/ f;Zy bJ/ T[BQK B{z fJ;s/wkb BjhI eoB/ ukjhd/. rohpK, w}d{oK ns/ wzrfsnK d/
fuZsoK ftu'I nkdwh feT[I rkfJp j?< w?I gqzgoktkdh Gkosh n"os BjhI jK, w/ok iBw, gfotoF
gZSw dh j?, w/o/ fuZsoK ftu'I s[jkB{z Gkos fd;/rk. w/ok fi;w s/ fi;wkBh o[uhnK gZSwh j'D
d/ pkti{d w/oh o{j Gkosh j?. s[jkB{z GkoshnK B{z eh j' frnk j? gsk BjhI brdk.
Gkt[esk SZv', n;bhns fuso'.
T[;B/ nkgDhnK ewhnK B{z B}onzdk} BjhI ehsk, fbfynk - w?I gVQdh sK ojh f;Zfynk
e[M BjhI. w/oh wkBf;e pDso nihp j?. e'Jh w/o/ fynkbK ftu dyb dJ/ w?I podkFs
BjhI eodh. nfXnkge dh dybnzdk}h th BjhI. fJ; nkds ;dek w?B{z B[e;kB j'fJnk.
tkg;h tes podk T[feb Bkb j?dokpkd fty/ ;N/N r?;N ti'I mfjoh, T[;B{z
B[wkfJF tk;s/ jkb fdZsk frnk s/ g[b; dk gfjok bkfJnk. fJj EK pBikok fjZb} d/
nwho fJbke/ ftu j?. nZm d;zpo 1936 B{z T[dxkNB w"e/ ;o'iBh BkfJv{ g[Zih s/ gfjbh
w[bkeks ftu jh d'tK ftueko d';sh j' rJh. d' gjkVh pZfunK dh g/IfNzr YkJh ;" o[gJ/
ftu fteh i' ;w/I nB[;ko uzrh oew ;h. BkfJv{ pkps fbfynk - fgnkoh n"os j?, ysoBke
fNgDhnK fdzdh j?, nkgD/ jh sohe/ Bkb ftnzr eodh j?, fe;/ dh fbjk} BjhI eodh go
pzd/ B{z pzdk ;wMD ftu wkfjo j?. nzfwqsk B/ nkgDhnK e[M feosK Gkosh nkoN r?boh
ftu oZyD tk;s/ fdZshnK i' Btkp B{z g;zd BjhI nkJhnK. mzY/ go ;kc bc}K ftu Btkp
B/ fejk - w?B{z s[jkv/ feT[fpe siop/ g;zd BjhI. dZyD d/ j'o wfjbK B/ th T[;dh ebk B{z
;okfjnk BjhI. T[;B{z bZrD bZr frnk ;h fe T[;dh ebk d/ yohddko fwb ikDr/ go
fJE/ sK w[cs ftu b?D tk;s/ XBkv b'e fsnko BjhI ;B. j'o go/ dZyD d/ wd[okfJ ns/
okw/Ftow d/ wjkB wzdoK d/ nkoN B/ w'fjs BjhI ehsk, fijV/ b'e wZEk N/eD nk oj/ ;B
T[BQK B/ nkeofFs ehsk. iBtoh 1937 ftu nkgDh G?D B{z ys ftu fbfynk - b'eK d/
fbpk; ftu p/FZe ;c?d ozr gqXkB j? go j'o fsZy/ ozrK dh e'Jh xkN BjhI, yk; eoe/
n"osK d/ gfjokt/ ftu. wod, n"osK, pZu/ n;kXkoB ;[zdo jB. n"osK u'bh ns/ X'sh
gfjBdhnK jB, ftuekobk fjZ;k Bzrk ofjzdk j?. tkbK B{z fFzrkoB dk sohek r}p, efbZg
bkT[D s'I pr?o ;ko/ tkb ;zGkb/ j'J/, bzp/ bzp/. nkdwh e/tb bZe d[nkb/ X'sh gfjBd/ jB,
128

j'o e[M BjhI. wzdo ftu nkT[D t/b/ ;c?d fbpk; gqXkB j?. fj;kp bk iok, nkb/ d[nkb/
r{VQh jfonkbh, y'g/, e/b/ d/ bzw ;bzw/ o[Zy, ;ko/ tZv/ tZv/ gZfsnK tkb/, ;ko/ T[j' doys
fijV/ nizsk d/ nkoN ftu w"i{d jB, Xosh T[go yb's/ M{w oj/ jB.
Gkos d/ ;G s'I nwho Btkp ;bkoizr B/ nkgDk nikfJp xo fdykfJnk.pkeh b'eK
B/ skohcK d/ g[b pzBQ fdZs/. T[;B/ nzfwqsk dh okfJ wzrh, p'bh - nZS/ ;[ji ;[nkd tkbk
pzdk b/NB}, p[rokB}, tZs; feT[I yohd/ id'I fe ;/}kB, tkBrkr, r'r?I wkoehN ftu nk
rJ/ j'D < w?I wkV/ B{z tXhnk BjhI efj ;edh fB}kw ;kfjp.
fJE'I podk T[feb Bkb wd[okfJ ns/ okw/Ftow rJh, d' fdB x[zw fco e/ wzdo
d/y/, fbfynk - 1500 Jh;th d/ pD/ fJj Xkofwe ;EkB Gkosh fJwkos T[;koh ebk dk
Bw{Bk jB. wzdoK ftu iKd/ j}koK :kso{ j'o th nkeofFs eod/ jB, wod n"osK ;c?d
fbpk; ftu. dZyD d/y b?D s'I pkd e'Jh fFwb/ iK T[soh Gkos ftu fet/I ofj ;edk j?<
dZyD ftu :'oghnB BjhI jB, uzrk j'fJnk, jbeh ;fGnsk dk fdyktk fJXo BjhI nkfJnk,
G?V/ fgqzN ns/ G?V/ p{N, ;?Ivb BjhI. jZEhI eYkJh ehshnK r}p dhnK d/;h ;kVQhnK, d/;h
i[ ZshnK. fJBQK dk eZEkebh vK; d/y', fJe' tes ;{yw ns/ skesto.
dZyD d/ d"o/ fgS'I T[;dhnK g/IfNzrK ftu jok ozr tXhe j' frnk, gkw d/ gZs/
fdykJh d/D bZr/. gdwBkGg[ow wfjb, wZsBu/oh wfjb, e'uhB dk febk d/y/. fJBQK EktK d/
nkoN dk tXhe b'eK B{z T[d'I gsk BjhI ;h. ezfBnk e[wkoh sZe g[Zih. rKXh ih dhnK
gqkoEBk ;GktK ftu b'eK dh tZvh frDsh ns/ T[sFkj d/fynk, fJe gqkoEBk ;Gk dh g/IfNzr
fsnko ehsh. fJE/ T[;dh feos e/b/ t/uD tkb/ pDh s/ wep{b j'Jh. r[bkph }whB T[go
r'b fujfonK tkb/ dZyDh Gkosh ;[jD/ fuso/ jB. fgS'eV e/b/ d/ doysK dk, e/b/ d/ bkb
c[ ZbK dh Gkn Bkb ozrh Xosh, e/b/ d/ Bow jo/ gZfsnK dh Gkn ftu ozr/ e/b/ d/ cb,
t/uD tkbhnK n"osK, yohdko rkje, ozrK dk ;zg{oB w/bk go fJe :{fBN d/ o{g ftu.
fi;w gZe/ eDetzB/ ozrK d/, nZyK, rkjeK dh T[vhe ftu ;c?d nZyK ftSkJh fJT[I p?mhnK
jB fit/I fe;/ eokwks dh T[vhe j' ojh j't/. nkw B{z yk; pDk d/D dk j[Bo g?dk j' u[Zek
j?. jZE ftu e/tb fJe c[ Zb cV e/ yb'sh e[Vh ft;wkfds eo ;edh j?.
e'uhB s'I fJzdok B{z fbfynk - ;t/o s'I Fkw sZe T[iV/ wfjb ftu ;wK fpskT[Idh
jK. e[M nfijhnK r}p dhnK g/IfNzr} jB fiBQK T[go ni/ fe;/ dh fBrkj BjhI gJh.
;zGkb dh xkN ekoB yokp j' ojhnK jB. nFbhb efj e/ th fJBQK B{z ysw ehsk ik
;edk j?. gF{ gzSh ekw eqhVk eod/ fuso/ jB. nkdwh n"osK d/ g/qw fuso jB, ekw eqhVk
BjhI. nkdw-eZd fuso th jB, S'N/ th. g{ohnK ezXK g/IN ehshnK j'JhnK, fit/I tZvhnK
tZvhnK dohnK ezXK T[go fugekJhnK j'D.
- r[zMbdko fv}kJhB jB go fujo/ g{o/ ;kd/, nkfdtk;h, fJBQK dh wjkBsk dk T[d'I
gsk brdk j? id'I s[;hI fJBQK dh Beb eo oj/ j't'. w?I fszB fdBK s'I fJjh eo ojh jK.
fJBQk b'eK B{z nkekoK dh, pDso dh fezBh v{zxh ;wM ;h. nizsk d/ fusoK ftu fi;w
gsb/ jB, go fJBQK d/ fi;w ;[v"b, rdokJ/, Gko/. g/IfNzr nizsk dh tXhnk j? go p[ssqkFh
e'uhB dh T[Zsw. jo nzr, jo rfjDk ;zg{oB. i/ fXnkB Bk fdsk frnk, ;G ysw j'
ikJ/rk. fJBQK dhnK sK c'N'nK se BjhI bJhnK rJhnK.
tkg; fFwb/ nk e/ T[;B/ BthI skes ns/ Bt/I nB[Gt Bkb fusoekoh F[o{ eo
fdZsh. dZyD ns/ pzpJh s'I T[j ;?IeV/ ozr pozrhnK ;kVQhnK yohd e/ fbnkJh ;h. nkgD/
gjkVhJ/ gjkVBk B"eoK B{z gfjBk e/ wkvbK ti'I fpmk b?Idh. ;kb 1937 ftu T[;B/ pj[s
ezw ehsk. fJBQK fdBK ftu tkBrkr tb'I nkgD/ Gok EhU B{z fby/ ys gVQ/, ekob B{z
fbfynk - eh T[;dh T[j s;tho d/yh j? fi; ftu y/s T[go T[vd/ eK fuso/ jB< fJj
s;tho w/o/ nzdo fjz;e GktBk g?dk eodh j?, nkswe p/u?Bh.w?B{z r'r?I tXhe gqGkfts eodk
fojk, j[D brd? fe tkBrkr tZvk j?.EhU B{z fby/ ys fezB/ FkBdko jB. T[;dk ufosq T[;
dhnK feqsK ftu ;kc fd; foj?. tkBrkr n;kXkoD s'I th e[M tXhe j?.
d[bjB dk fFzrko ns/ pqjwukoh feqsK T[go dZyDh Gkos ns/ tkBrkr d'tK dk
gqGkt fd;dk j?, r/o{J/ ozr dh Xosh, fdB Yb/ dh u[zfXnKT[Idh X[Zg tor/ fuZN/ fbpk;.
129

T[wokT[ f;zx nB[;ko - Gkos tkg; nk e/ n;hI nkgDh g[okDh jt/bh ftu g[Zi/ fi;
dhnK ezXK fJe ;dh gfjbK d/ fusoK Bkb ;ihnK j'JhnK ;B. nzfwqsk B/ fejk - pugB
ftu w?B{z fJj ezX fuso uzr/ brd/ j[zd/ ;B, T[d'I w?I nekdfwe vqkfJzr Bk ikDB ;dek
fJBQK dh pDso d/ B[e; BjhI ikDdh ;K. j[D T[j fJBQK dh Beb T[skoB bJh fsnko
BjhI j'Jh. nzfwqsk B/ fJe fdB dZf;nk fe nizsk dh fJe g/IfNzr ;kjwD/ xzNk Go yb'sh
ojh. fe;/ B/ g[ZS fbnk - fJ; ftu eh tXhnk j?< T[so fdZsk - g?oK dk fJe i'Vk fJ;
g/IfNzr ftu'I fBeb e/ pkjo s[odk iKdk fdykJh fdzdk j?.
fdB p fdB T[;dh b'efgqnsk tXdh rJh. B[wkfJF do B[wkfJF brdh. nkX[fBe
fusoK B{z yohdD bJh ni/ b'e fsnko BjhI ;B. nwhoK B{z ;wM BjhI ;h, ;wMdkoK e'b
g?;/ BjhI ;B. nzfwqsk J/; rZb'I ;zs[FN ;h fe T[;dh ebk B{z ofpzdoBkE N?r'o ns/ i?fwBh
o'fJ d/ pokpo ikfDnK ik fojk j?. y[d B{z th T[;B{z fJj' d' uzr/ brd/ ;B.
dZyD s'I tkg;h t/b/ podk T[ehb Bkb e[M fdB nbkjpkd ojh. nbkjpkd
:{Bhtof;Nh d/ gq'c?;o nkoH;hH NzvB ns/ nwoBkE Mkn, vhB nkoN c?ebNh B/ o'foy
fJz;NhfuT{N nkc nkoN n?Iv ebuo ftu nzfwqsk dh B[wkfJF dk gqpzX ehsk. cotoh 2,
1937 dh fJ; B[wkfJF pko/ fJzdok B{z fbfynk, tZv/ jkb ftu gzi ;" pzd/ p?m/, T[u/ wzu
T[go w?I, ;kohnK B}oK dk e/Ido. w?I fpbe[b w{oy bZr ojh ;K. gq'H Mkn B/ w/o/ nkoN
dhnK f;csK d/ g[b pzBQ fdZs/. w?I GhV dk fJe fjZ;k pD e/ nkokw ftu ofjzdh jK. fJzB/
b'e s[jkv/ tZb d/yh ikD, w{oy sK bZrDk jh j'fJnk. d' fszB tko w?I T[BQK w"fenK s/ T[uh
T[uh jZ; gJh fiE/ jZ;Dk BjhI ukjhdk ;h. T[j w/ohnK feqsK ftub/ d[yKs, ;zeN, T[dk;
F?bh nkfde pko/ dZ; fojk ;h i' w/ohnK feqsK dh fgZmG{wh ftu jB. vhB bzwK ;wK w/o/
fuZso fBek-nS{s T[go p'b p'b nkydk fojk fe fJ; g/IfNzr dk jo/e fjZ;k poheh Bkb
d/yDk. fJj fuso fJE/ B[wkfJF ftu j? Jh BjhI ;h.
nkN'rqkc bJ/ rJ/, gq?; B/ fJzNoftT{ bJh, nzfwqsk fJ; Bshi/ s/ g[Zih fe T[; dh
ebk pko/ fe;/ B{z T{V/ nkV/ dk gsk BjhI, e'Jh fJ; rZb'I gq;z;k eo fojk ;h fe nzfwqsk B/
Gkos dh rohph, bkukoh dk pky{p ;"Ido: g/F ehsk j?, e[M efj oj/ ;B fe fJBQK uh}K
s'I fpBK T[;B{z e[M tXhnk uh}K feT[I BjhI fd;dhnK<
nbkjpkd s'I T[;dh ebk d/ gq/wh dk ys nkfJnk - eJh wjhB/ gfjbK s[jkv/ pko/
fJbZ;No/Nv thebh ftu gfVQnk ;h, j[D podk T[ehb ns/ Jhbk ;/B dhnK s[jkv/ pko/
fbysK gVQhnK jB. w/oh fJSk j? w?I fjzdh irs B{z s[jkv/ pko/ ikD{ eotktK. feogk eoe/
w/oh wdd eo'. fijV/ s[jkvhnK feqsK B{z GZdhnK efjzd/ jB, w?I T[BQK Bkb ;fjws BjhI. go
w?I j?okB jK fe s[;hI nfij/ ;zeN dk tksktoD feT[I g?dk eod/ j' fi; ftu'I fBebD dh
e'Jh ;zGktBk BjhI. s[jkvh fijVh wo}h g/IfNzr d/y btK, w?IB{z v'p g?D br iKdk j?.
fi; feskfp;skB gpfbfFzr jkT{; B/ itkjobkb Bfjo{ s'I rfbzgf;} nkc tobv
fj;Noh fbytkJh, T[;B/ nzfwqsk B{z fejk fe nkX[fBe Gkosh ebk pko/ feskp fby', T[;B/
fejk - fbyDh ukjz[dh jK, ;Zu' ;Zu fby fdZsk, sK b'e feskp d/ N[eV/ eoe/ ybko d/Dr/.
1937 ftu nzfwqsk d/ e[M Bt/I d';s pD/. w[}Zco nbh yK fe}bpkF ns/ iwhb
n;ro, d't/I tehb, tzv ;w/I gkfe;skB ub/ rJ/. w[}Zco gZSwh pzrkb dk w[Zy wzsoh pfDnk
s/ iwhb bkj"o jkJhe'oN dk iZi. uwBbkb dh nzro/} gsBh j?bB Bkb d';sh j'Jh.
j?bB T[; dh ebk dh gq;z;e ojh. j?bB pko/ fJzdok B{z fbfynk - Bebh ns/ n;bh
nkoN dh T[;dh gSkD j?okBhe[B j?. T[j ;[zdosk dh sbkF ftu j?. T[;dh v{zxh ;{M
eokwks torh j?. T[j e'Jh ebkgkoy{ nekdwhFhnB BjhI, go tkBrkr d/ tfvZsD B{z
;wMdh j?, d/rk dh ;{ywsk gSkDdh j?, pky dhnK ;[oK dh gSkD j?. phE'tB, dk;s't;eh,
u?yt d/ ;z;ko ftu g[Zi iKdh j?. T[j ni{pk j? fi; dhnK iVQK pj[s v{zxhnK jB.
tZv/ fuZsoK dh EK j[D T[j whBhJ/uo eoB bZrh. nes{po 1937 ftu
fJzdok dk ftnkj e/HthHe/H ;[zdow Bkb j'fJnk. fJj nkJhH;hHn?;H nc;o nk}kd Gkos dk
gfjbk w[Zy u'D efwFBo fB:[es j'fJnk. xo ftubh ftnkj dh ufjb gfjb B/ nzfwqsk dk
ezw o'e fdZsk.
130

EK EK s'I fvBo d/ ;Zd/ nkT[Id/ go fJBeko eo fdzdh. ;szpo 1937, ekob B{z
fbfynk - s[;hI mhe fejk, w?I nkgD/ ;z;ko ftu y'Jh ofjzdh jK, fJ; ftu J/Bk w/ok BjhI
fizBk w/o/ nkb/ d[nkb/ dk e;{o j?. i/ s[;hI fFwb/ ftu ofjzd/ d[gkfJnk B{z ikDd/ j[zd/, wI?I
d'Fh ;kps Bk j[zdh. dofwnkB/ doi/ d/ fynkbK Bkb T[bMD dh EK feBkok-eFh eo bT[.
w?I nkgDk fJe fgnkok, fwZmk fijk ;P?-fuZso pDkfJnk j?, d/y e/ w{zj ftu gkDh Go ikJ/.
GftZy d/ wkvbK tk;s/ p[oeh j? fJj fJe.
tZv/ fuZsoK dh EK j[D whBhJ/uo eoB bZrh. nes{po 1937 ftu fJzdok dk ftnkj
e/HthHe/H ;[zdow Bkb j'fJnk. fJj nkJhH;hHn?;H nc;o nk}kd Gkos dk gfjbk w[ Zy u'D
efwFBo fB:[es j'fJnk. xo ftubh ftnkj dh ufjb gfjb B/ nzfwqsk dk ezw o'e fdZsk.
T[;B/ shj g/IfNzr} Bkb bkj"o B[wkfJF bkT[D dk c?;bk ehsk. 21 Btzpo 1937 B{z
ebkg/qwh nzfwqsk dk ezw d/yD nkJ/. ;[Bfjoh r'N/ Bkb wVQh ;kVQh ns/ fsZpsh }/to gfjBh
nzfwqsk ;tkrs eoB bJh dotk}/ s/ yb'sh. gzikp ;oeko d/ fts wzsoh wB'jo bkb B/
T[dxkNB ehsk. ;N/i s'I id'I T[j nzfwqsk dh ebk dh gq;z;k eoB bZrk, T[j BhthI gkJh
gZb/ Bkb w{zj Yeh j;dh ojh. fijVk nkgDk ;P?-fuso T[;B{z ;G s'I xNhnk brdk ;h
feT[Ife j{pj{ nzfwqsk tork ;h, T[;/ dh gqFz;k ;G s'I tXhe j'Jh. fBzde ns/ gqFz;e, ;G
soQK d/ b'e nkJ/, bkj"o B/ fJ;dk B'fN; fbnk.
;G s'I rzGho nkb'uBk ukob; c/poh, f;ftb n?Iv fwbNoh r}N d/ ebk gkoy{ B/
ehsh, T[;B/ fejk - nZyK bJh fJj ozr pozrh mhe dknts ;h. T[;B{z FkBdko sK BjhI
efj ;ed/, j? :ehBB nkX[fBe nkofN;N. wjZstg{oB sZsK B{z ;XkoB Yzr Bkb g/F eoB
ftu T[j wkfjo j? p/Fe fes/ fes/ b'V s'I tXhe ;iktN j?.
c/poh th jzr/ohnB ;h s/ bkj"o fwT{f}nw dk feT[o/No, g[oky'ih, ftdtkB. fit/I
pzpJh ftu ekob B/ j";bk fdZsk, T[t/I bkj"o, c/poh B/. eh nzfwqsk dk T[; Bkb o[wK;
uZfbnk< T[;d/ gsh fteNo B/ fbfynk - fijVk nzfwqsk d/ ;zgoe ftu nkfJnk, T[; B/
T[;dh ebk dh ;jh goy ehsh j't/, w?B{z BjhI :ehB. w?B{z nkg pko/ :ehB BjhI fe w?I T[;
pko/ ;'udk ;zs[fbs fojk j'tK. ekob yzvkbtkbk ns/ podk T[ehb d/ c?;b/ th Go';/:'r
BjhI. n;hI ;ko/ jh T[;dh sDh skDh ftu T[bM/ fcod/ ;K. T[j fgnkoh ;h, fgnko
eoB:'r ;h, FkBdko, T[Zuh eZdkto Fy;hns. ndG[s, oZp tZb'I to';kJh, jo y/so ftu
bkfw;kb ikDekoh, g/IfNzr ns/ ;zrhs d'tK ftu ewkb, fi; B{z S[j b?Idh ikB XVe g?Idh,
;kfjs dh ikDekoh, :'oghnB p'bhnK ftubh wjkos, fi;B/ nzfwqsk B{z ikfDnK, T[j fBogZy
ofj ;edk j't/, n;zGt. i}fpnK s'I s[jkB{z w[es BjhI j'D dJ/rh.
c/poh fJe dw w"fbe ebk ;wkb'ue ;h fi;B/ fbfynk - Xow d/ cb;c/ okjhI,
nfXnkswesk okjhI Gkosh ebk dh gSkD eotkJh iKdh j?. Xow d/ fJ; god/ j/m nkoN
X[zdbk j' iKdk j?, ;Zu s/ godk g? iKdk j?. ;G s'I fgnkok nzF b[e fSg iKdk j?.
;[ortk;h nBzd e[wko;tkwh th g[ikohtkd torh fJ; fpwkoh dk fFeko j' frnk. T[j th
fiT[Id/ ikrd/ jZvwk; B{z d/yD dh EK Xow d/ ;[cB ;z;ko ftu r[zw j' frnk.
c/poh B/ f;zX xkNh dh y[dkJh ftu nfjw G{fwek fBGkJh ;h. osBk wkE[o Bkb
ftnkj ehsk i' g/IfNzr eodh ;h, pkd ftu fJzNhohno fv}kJhBo pDh. d/; tzv tes bkj"o
SZv e/ fdbh ftu t;Dk g? frnk. Gkosh ebk T[go GkFD fdzdk, ;N/N;w?B ftu ebkgkoy{
bZr frnk. T[;/ B/ gfjbh tko ;shF r[iokb ns/ XBoki Grs dk j[Bo bZG e/ b'eK
nZr/ oZfynk, fJzdokDh ofjwkB ns/ :kfwBh feqFBkw{osh fijhnK BosehnK pkps b'eK B{z
ikD{ eotkfJnk. ;kb 1950 ftu g[Zso feq;N'co r"sw dk iBw j'fJnk. fJ; fynkb Bkb
fe r"sw T[; d/ o;s/ T[go uZb/, g[Zso dh gVQkJh tZb g{oh stZi' d/D bZrk go e?I;o j'
rJh fi; ;dek 4 i[bkJh 1968 B{z ;[ortk; j' frnk. ;kok fdB ezw eki d/ydk fojk,
fco YkJh xzN/ bk e/ Fkwh ;N/N;w?B tk;s/ b/y fbfynk, pZfunK ns/ B"eoK B{z r[Zv pkfJ
efj e/ b/N frnk. d/fynk, jw/F bJh ftdk.
131

nzfwqsk B/ j?bB dk g'oNq/N pDkfJnk s/ s[jc/ ti'I fdZsk. fJepkb f;zx B{z o?v pfoZe
jkT{; g/IfNzr frcN ehsh. T[;dh gfjbh Go';/:'r ihtBh fJepkb f;zx B/ fbyh. fgSb/
ihtBhekoK ftu'I fJe th nfijk BjhI fi;B/ fJepkb f;zx dk ;jkok Bk fbnk j't/.
b/ye ns/ pokvek;No nFcke nfjwd 1950 ftu bkj"o fJe rbh ftu'I dh bzx
fojk ;h fe epkVhJ/ dh d[ekB T[go nzfwqsk dh pDkJh g/IfNzr gJh d/yh. epkVhJ/ B{z g[ZfSnk
- fezB/ dh dJ/Irk< T[;B/ fejk - ih ;[Bfjoh co/w d/ fszB o[gJ/ d/ fdT[, c}{b s;tho eZY
e/ ;[ZN d/Dh. yohd bJh, nFcke B/ fszB o[gJ/ fdZs/, co/w ftu'I s;tho eZY e/ co/w
epkVhJ/ B{z w'V fdZsk, nzfwqsk F/ofrZb B{z b? frnk. }[p/dk nkrk okjhI fJj fJfsjk;e g/IfNzr
fJ;bkwkpkd g[Zih. j[D fJj B?FBb nkoN r?boh fJ;bkwkpkd ftu ;zGkbh gJh j?.
j?bB ns/ dhtkB uwBbkb Bkb jVZgk dh y[dkJh d/yD rJh. d' wodK ns/ fJe
BZudh n"os dk bkb gZEo dk p[Zs d/y e/ fit/I ft;wkfds j' rJh j't/. T[E/ jh o[eh ojh,
fBjkodh ojh. T[;B{z nkb fJzvhnk ckJhB nkoN; n?Iv eqkcN; tb'I b/vh nkofN;N nky e/
;BwkfBnk frnk sK T[dk; j'Jh - w?I sK nkgD/ nkg B{z nkofN;N ;wMdh ojh. j[D gsk
bZrk fe w?I sK b/vh nkofN;N jK. b/vh nkofN;N, wod nkofN;N dk eh w[ekpbk eo/rh<
14 cotoh 1938 B{z ;okfJnk fty/ nk e/ g/IfNzr eoB bZrh. ekob B{z fbfynk -
jo/ SZgV ftu BjkT[Id/ jkEh pDk bJh j?. d{ih y/s ftu ezw eodhnK n"osK j?. w/ok
ftnkj B/V/ nk fojk j?, e[M xpokjN j? feT[Ife w?I uzrh gsBh BjhI j'tKrh.
fJBQK fdBK ftu jh b/ye w[be oki nBzd B{z fwbh. nBzd dk fynkb ;h fe
nzfwqsk Bkb'I nzfwqsk dh gqf;ZXh nZr/ bzx rJh j?. pkd ftu nBzd B/ fbfynk fe 1930 sZe
jh T[j dzd eEk pD u[Zeh ;h. fejk eodk ;h - i/ w?I g/INo j[zdk sK w?I ukj[zdk fe nzfwqsk
dh pDkJh xV/ ;w/s e[Vh torh g/IfNzr pDkT[Idk. bzvB s'I gos/ nBzd B{z T[BQK g[okD/ fdBK
ftu nzfwqsk pj[s nZr/ bzxh fd;h id'I nkoN d/ y/so ftu e'Jh ;zihdk pzdk fd;dk jh
BjhI ;h. nkgDh w[bkeks pko/ fbydk j? - sDkT[g{oB, M[zibkJh, T[s/fis, pj[s ;[jDh s/
g/IfNzr ftu r[zwF[dk nzfwqsk. i[nkB j'Jh sK T[;dh gqf;ZXh d{o d[okv/ c?bD bZrh, T[;dk BK
pDB bZrk.
fteNo vkeNo pDB dh fJZSk ekoB gVQkJh dh em'osk ftu'I bzx fojk ;h.fgsk
bJh fit/I e'Jh coe BjhI, go wK fteNo Bkb nzfwqsk d/ ftnkj fynkc ;h. nzfwqsk ;[jDh
;h, ebkeko ;h, fe;/ gqf;ZX j;sh Bkb, fe;/ nwho}kd/ Bkb, fi; Bkb ukj[zdh, ftnkj
eotk ;edh ;h. fteNo Bk nwho ;h Bk gqf;ZX. d{ih rZb, ;eh wk;h d/ w[ zv/ Bkb ftnkj
tofis jz[dk j?, fJ; gZy'I th rVpV ;h. wK dh fto'Xsk B/ nzfwqsk B{z ;r'I j'o w}p{s
ehsk, T[j T[jh eo/rh i' wK dh fJZSk d/ fybkc j't/.
ftnkj s'I gfjbK fFwb/ s'I ;okfJnk nzfwqsk B{z ys ftu fgsk B/ fbfynk - B"I wjhB/
wK B/ roG ftu oZyh, fco j[D sZe n;hI s?B{z gkb g'; oj/ jK, nkgD/ nkoN iK ftnkj
;dek co} eo e[M ;kb gfjbK s{z nksw fBoGo j' iKdh, sK th nkoN yohdkoK iK gsh
T[go fBoGo j[zdh. g?fo; sZe, i' youk T[mkT[Dk fgnk, ehsk, go fJ; pdb/ s/o/ Bkb
neb dh e'Jh rZb th Bk eo ;eK, nc;'; j?. s?B{z gZek gsk j? fe fteNo uzrk pzdk j?,
tckdko gsh oj/rk, s?B{z y[Fh fwb/rh, sK th, j? sK T[j fgzv dk wkw{bh vkeNo, E'VQh e[
nkwdB tkbk. w?I fezB/ e[ ;kb fiT[Idk ojKrk< w/o/ fgS'I s?B{z feXo'I wdd BjhI fwbDh. s/oh
wK nkydh j? fe T[;B{z fJE/ Gkos ftu dcB iK nrBG/N BjhI eoBk. T[j jzroh d/
epfo;skB ftu dcB j't/rh fiE/ ;kb ftu fJe tko foFs/dko r[bd;sk sK oZy ikfJnk
eoBr/. i/ w/oh w"s gfjbK j' rJh c/o s/oh wK dh ;zGkb th s?B{z jh eoBh g?Dh j?. fezB/
T[dk; fynkb nk oj/ jB.
nzfwqsk B{z pZu/ BjhI ukjhd/, T[j e/tb g/IfNzr eo/rh, fteNo B{z T[;d/ wod d';sK
Bkb fwbD frbD s/ e'Jh fJsok} BjhI j't/rk, fteNo B/ T[;dhnK fJj ;kohnK FosK wzB
bJhnK. pugB d/ fdBk dhnK :kdK B/ fteNo d/ fdb fdwkr B{z Be/b gk oZyh ;h.T[;dk
fgS'eV nkfJob?Iv dk ;h fiE/ d/ b'e gzikphnK tKr row ;[Gkn tkb/ j[zd/ jB. j[D szrh
d/yDh g? rJh sk eh, ;h sK w?fi;No/N fgsk dk g[so. wK B/ eZgV/ ;h e/ T[;B{z w?vheb
132

dh gVQkJh eotkJh ;h. fjzwsh, s/} fdwkr, ftnzr eoB ftu fBg[zB go nzfwqsk nZr/
r[bkw. fteNo dh wK fJ; ftnkj s/ y[F ;h, d' ewfonK tkbk xo ;h, fJe ftu wK d{i/
ftu i'Vk. go id'I gsk bZrk fe fteNo ns/ nzfwqsk Gkos ikDr/, T[dk; j'Jh. ihtB Go
dh g{zih s'I wK tzfus j' ikJ/rh.
16 i[bkJh 1938 B{z fpBK tki/ rki/ d/ ftnkj j'fJnk. e'oN ftu ftnkj ofi;No
eotk nkJ/, nk e/ e'Jh gkoNh BjhI fdZsh. ftnkj fgS'I nzfwqsk FKs j' rJh, T[;B{z fpbe[b
gqshs Bk j'fJnk fe T[j fe;/ iziho ftu ieVh rJh j?. fteNo d/ xo B{z SZv e/ fes/
Bk iKdh . fteNo tork uzrk pzdk T[;B{z fe;ws Bkb fwb frnk. nihp rZb fJj fe
jzroh ftu ;kVQh gfjBdh. izr brD tes fteNo B{z c"i ftu Gosh j'Dk g? frnk,
nzfwqsk T[dk; j'Jh sK S/sh T[jB{z nkgD/ e'b p[bk fbnk. woh} d/ydk, nzfwqsk g/IN eodh
ofjzdh.
T[j ;zeN dk w[ekpbk j";b/ Bkb eoB bJh T[s;[e ;h go Gkos ftu'I nkT[IdhnK
ypoK wk:{;e[B ;B. fJj rZb ;[D e/ v{zxh T[dk;h ftu fxo rJh fe pdBkwh s' vofdnK
wkfgnK B/ T[;d/ ;ko/ ysK B{z nZr bk fdZsh. j'oBK gqf;ZX pzfdnK s'I fJbktk fJBQK ftu gzH
itkjo bkb Bfjo{ dk S/ gzfBnK dk ys ;h i' T[;B/ nzfwqsk dh fdZbh dh B[wkfJF d/yD
fgS'I fbfynk ;h, T[;B/ ebkeko d/ nB[Gt ns/ gqrNkt/ dh skes B{z ep{fbnk ;h. fJ; d/
XzBtkd ftu nzfwqsk B/ fbfynk ;h - w/ohnK s;thoK B{z d/yh ikU, ;'u' Bk, wsbp Bk eZY',
fco s[jkB{z e[M fwb/rk, cb;ck BjhI, fJfsjk; BjhI, fuzsB BjhI, e/tb nkoN.
T[;B/ wkfgnK B{z ys fbfynk - w/o/ ys nrBG/N eo fdZs/, ypo B/ w?B{z i' ;dwk
g[ukfJnk, d; BjhI ;edh. ysK dk tZvk Y/o sK w?I y[d pkb nkJh ;K. fJj sK T[j gZso
;B fijV/ w?I nkgDh wo}h Bkb ;zGkb/ ;B, nkoN nkb'ueK d/ ys, tZvhnK j;shnK d/
ys.fijV/ ys ;zGkb e/ nkJh ;K, fJj w?B{z y[Fh fdzd/ ;B, w/o/ ezw pko/ e[M ikDekoh
tkbhnK jtkbk d/D :'r oktK ;B. eh gsk w/oh bkT{ih, w?bew w[rfoi, itkjo bkb
Bfjo{, JhfvE b?Ir ns/ yzvkbtkbk d/ ys s[;hI oZy jh bJ/ j'D. fJj ys w?I fJ; eoe/
s[jkv/ e'b BjhI SZv e/ rJh ;K fe fJBQK ;dek jzroh ftu d[okukoh G{sekb ekoB w/oh
pdBkwh j' ikJ/rh. w/o/ e'b gfjb'I jh tXhe ;wkB j'D eoe/ SZv rJh ;K.
yzvkbtkbk B{z fbfynk - jzroh ftu Gkosh n"os tKr nkgD/ gsh Bkb efj ojh
jK, fiE/ fiE/ fvT{Nh eoB iKdk j?, nkgD/ ozr u[Ze e/ w?I th Bkb s[o g?Idh jK.
@d gN?N' ghbo g/IfNzr pDkJh, nkb{ fSbdh e[Vh dk o'pdkp tkbk fujok d/yD :'r
j?, feos dh FkB gqrN j' ojh j?. fujok ns/ jZE pbtkB Fy;hns sK f;oid/ jh jB,
tkBrkr dh gN?N' JhNo} th :kd nk iKdh j?.
fteNo bzw/ :[ZX dk ysok GKgfdnK nkfrnk b? e/ nzfwqsk ;w/s e'bzp' d/ o;s/
Gkos nk frnk. nzfwqsk B/ ekob B{z fbfynk - y[Ffe;wsh ;wM' fe fjNbo Gkos ftu
BjhI j? fi; ekoB fJE'I dk nkoN pfunk oj/rk. fJE/ j[zdk sK Eov ebk; gZSwh nkofN;N
nky e/ w?B{z i/bQ ftu ;[ZN fdzdk. wkvoB nkoN ns/ ;kfjs dk gZek d[FwD j?. g?fo;
iowB nXhB j' frnk sK eh pD/rk< nkoN ysw< w?I B"itkB ebkekoK B{z ikDdh jK, ni/
;z;ko T[BQK B{z BjhI ikDdk, T[BQK dh w"s co?Iu nkoN tk;s/ Bk g{fonk ik ;eD tkbk xkNk
j'J/rh.
e[M fdB e'bzp' oj/ s/ wzdo, r[cktK d/yhnK, fco wd[okfJ fteNo B{z ;ko/ wzdo
fdykJ/ fijV/ nkg gfjbK d/y e/ rJh ;h. fFwb/ gj[zu rJ/. wK B{z T[BQK dh tkg;h uzrh
BjhI bZrh, fJe fe;w dh dybzdk}h bZrh, nzfwqsk dh r?ojk}oh ftu fteNo dh p/fJ}sh
eo fdzdh. fJ; ;G dk nzfwqsk d/ ef}B feogkb f;zx B{z gsk bZrk sK T[j d'tK B{z
;okfJnk F[ro fwZb d/ j;gskb tk;s/ b? frnk. T[;B/ nzfwqsk B{z fejk fe jo wjhB/ fJe
g/IfNzr eoe/ d/ fdnk eo, YkJh ;" o[fgnk fdnk eoKrk. vkeNo B{z B"eoh d/ fdZsh. fJE'I
fteNo B/ 13ngo?b 1940, nzfwqsk dh wK B{z ys fbfynk, fJj ys gkmeK tk;s/ fdbu;g
j?. fJe ys d' gfotkoK d/ ;[GktK ftubh fGzBsk o{gwkB eodk j?.
133

- fgnkoh wK, w/oh fe;/ rZb d/ rbs noE eZY e/ fes/ gfotko dh FKsh Gzr Bk
j' ikt/, vodk ;K. gfjbK th edh edkJhI ys fbyDk ukfjnk go s[jkv/ tb'I i' bc}
gqkgs j[zd/, T[BQK ;dek fJokdk pdb b?Idk. T[wokU nzeb B{z fbydk fojk jK, j[D s[jkB{z
th fby jh fdnK sK mhe oj/rk.
- w?B{z fbyD dk j[Bo BjhI nkT[Idk fJ; eoe/ w?B{z tXhe ;ktXkB ofjDk gt/rk,
rZbpks d"okB th w/oh rZb d/ T[bN noE eZY bJ/ iKd/ jB. id'I w?I Go/ wB Bkb
fJzvhnk nkT[D dk c?;bk ehsk, w?B{z T[dhI gsk ;h fe w/o/ ;kjwD/ fJe dw BtK wkj"b
j't/rk, g{oB niBph ;z;ko ftu w?B{z pdbDk gt/rk. w?B{z B"eoh Bk fwb/ FkfJd, sK th
jkbks Bkb ;wM"sk eoBk gt/rk, w?B{z e[M b'eK dk nk;ok b?Dk gt/rk. p[vkg?;N ftu
fJoftB p?eN/ B/ w?B{z dZf;nk ;h fe fFwb/ w?I e[M wjhfBnK s'I tXhe BjhI ofj ;eKrk. go
w?B{z nkgD/ ;[Gkn dk gsk j?, w?I y[d B{z jkbks w[skpe Ykb b?Idk jK. w?I jo ;zGt e'fFF
ehsh fe s[jkB{z uzrk bZrK. fgnko jk;b eoB ykso w?B{z y[Fkwd eoBh BjhI nkT[Idh. s[;hI
nkgD/ nkg B{z w;'bhBh, B?g'bhnB ns/ fjNbo tor/ o'FB fdwkr tkbh n"os nkfynk
eod/. ew}'o b'e s[jkvh T[;ss eod/ s[jkB{z uzr/ brd/, w?I nfijk eoB'I fJBekoh j' frnk
fi; ekoB s[jkvh Bkok}rh ;j/Vh s/ w/ok ;zs[bB ftrfVnk. w/o/ fJe fJe bc} d/ rbs
noE ehs/ iKd/ s/ w/o/ ftu s[jkB{z e/tb p[okJhnK fd;dhnK. w?I ;wM frnk fJj s[jkvk
;[Gkn j? fi; B{z pdfbnk BjhI ik ;edk.
- w?I s[jkB{z pj[s o'fenk fe w/o/ tk;s/ fJzrfbF Nhuo dk gqpzX Bk eo' feT[Ife w?I
s[jkv/ s/ e'Jh th ckbs[ p'M BjhI gkT[Dk ;h go s[;hI d'F bkfJnk fe BkbkfJe j'D eoe/
w?I gVQBk BjhI ukj[zdk. w/o/ T[s/ fJj d'F bkfJnk fe w?I M{m p'bdk jK. nzfwqsk fJBQhI fdBhI
fJzBhI sDkT[rq;s ns/ EZeh j'Jh ;h fe w?B{z f;ykT[D i'rh BjhI ;h. nkgD/ nkg w?I gVQBk
BjhI ;h feT[Ife w?B{z vo ;h fe i/ w?I rbs GkFk f;Zy frnk, fco T[;B{z GZ[bD ftu pVh
w[Feb nkJ/rh. i/ s[jkv/ e'b e[M fdnkb{ bc} j[zd/, w/o/ bJh ckfJd/wzd j'D/ ;B. T[bNk
s[;hI nkgD/ p'bK okjhI w?B{z bj{ b[jkD eod/ oj/. w?I fJeZbk ofj frnk, w?B{z bZrk w?I r[nku
frnk jK, nkgD/ nkb/ d[nkb/ fd;d/ s/ nDfd;d/ d[FwDK ftu fxo/ j'J/ B{z w?B{z gsk Bk
brdk nkgDh oZfynk fet/I eoK. fJ; jkbs ftu w?I c?;bk ehsk fe ;G e[M G[Zb iktK,
e/tb fiT[Idk ojK. ;Zu ikDBk fJj w/o/ ihtB d/ ;G s'I tZX ;zeNwJh fdB ;B s/ w?B{z
;zGbD ftu bzwk ;wK bZfrnk. w?I ykw'F j' frnk, fizBk u[Zg ofjzdk, s[jkvk toskok T[Bk
tXhe G?Vk j[zdk iKdk. w?B{z e/tb nkgDh fgnkoh gsBh nwoh T[go ftFtk; ;h, fJ; G?Vh
jkbs ftu w?I e[M th eoB i'rk BjhI ;K. nkgD/ d/F ftu uzrk Gbk ewkJh eodk, yKdk
ghIdk fJE/ nk e/ w?I s[jkv/ s/ fBoGo j' frnk. i' w?I pfDnk jK nkgDh ;ys fwjBs ;dek
jK Bk fe s[jkv/ ;dek, fit/I fe jo tes s[;hI nkyd/ ofjzd/ j', ;G s[jkv/ ;dek jh
j'fJnk. ;kvk o/;soK sK uZfbnk Bk, xkNk gk e/ n;hI j'o jZE g?o wkod/ r[}kok eod/
oj/. wK B/ fijVk ys w?B{z fbfynk, T[j w?I s[jkB{z fdyk fdZsk s/ s[;hI fJjd/ nihp noE
eZY/. w?I p[vkg?;N ftu fJBk ;ys ezw ehsk fe nkokw eoBk GZ[b frnk, f;js ftrVdh
d/y e/ wK fejk eodh ;h - wkVk w'Nk y/v nkfJnk eo, s[o fco nkfJnk eo, w?I fes/ Bk
iKdk. ys ftu wK B/ fJ; eoe/ fbfynk ;h - fteNo n?e;o;kJh} efonk eo. s[;hI fJ;
dk wsbp eZfYnk fe w/oh wK B{z gsk j? fe w?I ezwu'o jK. **s?B{z ezw eoB dh eh b'V<
;oh iKd?. j;gskb ftu e"D d"V GZi eodk fco/

e'Jh wK s[jkv/ torh th j[zdh j? < vkeNo j'D eoe/ w?B{z woh}K d/ ;[Gkn dh ;wM j?,
fJ; eoe/ T[j rZbK th ;wM ikBk fiBQK pko/ j'o b'e BjhI ;wMd/.
- s[jkv/ tZb'I nwoh B{z G/fink iBw fdB dh tXkJh dk ekov fwfbnk sK n;hI y[F
j' rJ/, bZfrnk, j[D Gb/ fdB nkT[Dr/. go E'VQ/ fdBK pkd fco T[jh e[M, fpBK fe;/
ekoB d/ w/oh p/fJ}sh, pko pko jZse. w/ok Bk ;jh s[jkB{z nkgDh Xh dk fynkb oZyDk
ukjhdk j? fijVh fJedw wk;{w j?. pZu/ ns/ wkg/ fJe d{i/ B{z ;wM Bk ;eD sK fezBk d[Zy
j[zdk j?. fJe d{i/ B{z ;wMDk pVk nk;kB ezw j?. nzeb T[wokT[ XhoitkB j?. T[;dh
JhwkBdkoh ;dek w?I T[;B{z pj[s fgnko eodk jK. w?I T[; Bkb jo ;wZf;nk pko/ ftuko
tNKdok eoB bJh fsnko jK. nkgDhnK nkdsK, ;[Gkn pdbD bJh fsnko jK. w?I sK
fJ; soQK dk pzdk jK fe d' fwZm/ p'b p'b e/ w/o/ s'I i' wo}h ezw b? bT[.w?B{z SKN/ Bkb
BjhI jZfenk ik ;edk. w?I j[D np'X pkbe BjhI jK. fJ; ;ko/ e[M d/ pkti{d w?B{z r[Z;k
BjhI feT[Ife w?I jkbks s'I tkec jK. nwoh Bkb ;bkj ehsh fe fJ; jkbs ftu'I fet/I
fBebhJ/, fJ; f;ZN/ s/ g[Zi/ fe ;G mhe j' ;edk j?, p; s[;hI ;kB{z nkgD/ d[FwD Bk ;wM'.
n;hI s[jkvk g{ok ;fseko eod/ jK. r[Z;k fsnkrDk s[jkv/ s/ fBoGo eodk j?, w?I r[Z;/ ftu
BjhI jK, T[dk; }o{o jK. :ehB eo', G{sekb B{z }kbw tKr :kd BjhI eoKr/, ejKr/ -
fJj ;kvhnK rbshnK dk ;wK ;h. s[jkv/ jZE uz[wdk j'fJnk T[whd eodk jK fe ;G mhe
j' ikt/rk, ihtB ns/ GftZy ;[ydkJh j'Dr/.@@
fJ; ys Bkb e'Jh coe BjhI fgnk. wK fBozso rkbh rb'u Go/, Bcos Go/ ys
fbydh ojh. nzfwqsk B/ fgsk B{z fbfynk - fdb eodk ;h wK d/ ys dh Beb s[jkB{z G/i
fdzdh. ;kB{z T[j pdeko, ngokXh, rzd/, n;kXkoD ftGukoh, jzY/ j'J/ pdwkF fbydh j?.
fJj th fbfynk j? fe fteNo B{z w?vhf;B dh e'Jh ;wM BjhI. ;p{s ti'I gqekF d/ pbZv
N?;N dk rbs Bshik dZ;dh j?. b?p dh rbsh fteNo d/ BK wVQ fdZsh. efjzdh j? fJj
fteNo dh ;kiF j?. T[j G[Zb rJh fe f;tb ;oiB ;w/s vkeNoK dh Nhw d/ :sB c/bQ
j'D fgS'I fteNo B/ gqekF dh ikB pukJh s/ fJe ;kiF B{z Bkekw eo fdZsk. wzwh B/ id'I
y[de[Fh eoB dk :sB ehsk sd th fteNo dh :'rsk ekoB T[;dh ikB puh ;h.
fteNo B/ fJepkb f;zx B{z dZf;nk ;h fe ;okfJnk T[j eb/F s'I puD tk;s/ E'VQ/
;w/I bJh nkJ/ jB, ;?Nb j'D bJh BjhI. j;gskb d/ ;Nkc B{z T[;B/ fJbki dhnK BthnK
seBheK dZ;hnK. fJE/ wihmhnk fBtk; ftu nzfwqsk B/ iBtoh 1940 ftu *d n?BfFn?IN
;N'oh N?bo g/IN ehsh. feogkb dh Xh i'ih B{z wkvb b? e/ ghIx g/IN ehsh. :F'Xok
vkbwhnK fbydh j? - ;Zso ;kb dh T[wo ftu j[D th i'ih fJe dw c[oshbh j?, nzfwqsk
B{z :kd eofdnK efjD bZrh - n;hI sK pZu/ ;K, T[j ihtB dh ;zg{oBsk wkD ojh ;h.
n;hI T[; Bkb rZbK eodhnK, S/VSkV eodhnK, pj[s fgnkoh, fBZxh, fdnkb{ s/ d';skBk
;[Gkn tkbh. w?B{z w;K fJe xzNk ;kjwD/ fpmk e/ ;e?u pDkfJnk, fJe jcsk ozr GoB B{z
bZfrnk. pVk s/} poZF uZbdk ;h. w?B{z frcN ti'I d/D bZrh sK w?I fejk - nkgD/ e'b jh
oZy bT[. efjD bZrh - mhe n?, id'I fdb eo/ b? ikJhI.
nes{po 1940 ftu itkjo bkb Bfjo{ :{gh dk d"ok eofdnK r'oyg[o nkfJnk, j[D
T[j pfofNF oki fto[ZX b'eK B{z s/}h Bkb bkwpzd eo fojk ;h, d{ih ;z;ko izr ftu
nzro/}K dh wZdd Bk eoB bJh gq/o fojk ;h. S/ nes{po B{z r'oyg[o ftu GkFD fdZsk.
fJE/ r'oyg[o d/ EkD/ ftu T[; fto[ZX prkts dk e/; doi j'fJnk. nzfwqsk Bfjo{ B{z fwbh.
Bfjo{ B/ fejk - ;N/FB sZe w?B{z SZv e/ nk. T[E/ T[;dh frqcskoh j'Jh. frnkoK nes{po,
wK B{z fbfynk - e[M fdB gfjbK Bfjo{ Bkb w[bkeks j'Jh, jw/F tKr ;[jDk. T[;B/ g[okD/
fdB :kd ehs/, fgsk ih B{z :kd ehsk.
fJe gk;/ ;zxoFFhb f;nk;sdkB, ftueko id'ifjd eo ojh ebkeko, shi/ gk;/
fteNo. fJ; nkyoh w[bkeks dh c'N' gqkgs j?.
wihmhnk gfotko ne;o fFeko w[fjzwK T[s/ iKdk. fJe tko nzfwqsk ns/ fteNo th
rJ/. fteNo B/ uhs/ dk fFeko ehsk, nzfwqsk B/ d/fynk, fJ;dh c'N' fyZuh. gb fSD ftu
uhs/ dk ezw swkw j[zdk ;G B/ d/fynk.
135

fJzdok B{z ys - w?I s/ fteNo fJe d{i/ B{z pj[s ukj[zd/ jK. id'I d't/I fJeZb/ j'JhJ/,
u[Zg eoe/ p?m/ ofjzd/ jK, T[j T[pk;hnK b?D bZrdk j?, w?I brksko fvgo?FB ftu T[sodh
iKdh jK, fit/I fJe d{i/ T[go p'M pD/ j'JhJ/, fco ;kv/ ftu'I fJe iDk efj fdzdk j? - ub'
Fsozi y/vhJ/. Fsozi f;Zy ojh jK, pfoZi torh jh j?. p/Fe fJ; pko/ ;kv/ ftu'I e'Jh iDk
e[M BjhI p'bdk, go n;hI j/mK T[dk;h tb ;oed/ iKd/ jK. id'I w? I fJ; d/ ekoB bZGD
brdh jK, T[dhI mhe j' iKdh jK. d' i}pksh pzd/ d/o sZe fJeZm/ ofjD sK fJ; soQK dh
o[ektN nk ikfJnk eodh j?, fJe soQK dh B?fse ;[zB, fJe gjkVh fiE/ uVQ Bk ;ehJ/.
fgsk B{z fbfynk - gZEo sqkFD dk ezw th ehsk, ;ko/ nky oj/ B/ tXhn?, w?B{z yk;
BjhI bZfrnk. fszB ;kX{nK dh g/IfNzr pDkJh j?. ngokXh fdykJh fdzd/ jB. fJj' fij/
pzfdnK Bkb ukuk ih fet/I w/b i'b oZy b?Id/ jB, gsk BjhI. fJj pzd/ ;jh BjhI, nebwzd
BjhI, Jhoykb{ jB, ;"d/pk} jB. s[;hI fJE/ j[zd/ fJBQK dh yZb T[X/V fdzd/.
iBtoh 1941 ftu ekob yzvkbtkbk fJBQK B{z fwbD ;okfJnk nkfJnk, nzfwqsk g/IN
eo ojh ;h. d/yfdnK fejk - id'I fJj e?Bt; d/ ;kjwD/ j[zdh j? T[d'I pkeh dk ;z;ko
fpbe[b BjhI j[zdk. nzfwqsk B{z b? e/ e[Fh-Bro ubk frnk fiZE/ p[ZX dk d/jKs j'fJnk ;h.
T[E/ fszB fdB oj/. ekob B/ T[; d/ j[Bo ftub/ r[D dZ;/, j";bk nc}kJh ehsh fi; Bkb
T[j w[V T[sFkfjs j' rJh, poZF uZfbnk, go E'VQ/ fdBK pkd fco T[dk;h d/ nkbw ftu
fxo rJh. fJzdok B{z 14 wkou 1941 d/ fdB fbfynk - ykbh nfj;k;, n;zs[FN, fyMh
j'Jh, s/o/ tKr o' th BjhI ;edh. wko{ FeshnK w/ok ;ws'b ftrkV ojhnK jB. E'VQ/ jB
fiBQK B{z w/o/ ezw dh ikDekoh j?. e[ZM uzrk BjhI brdk. nyho w?I c?;bk eo fbn? fe
FwFkBxkN BjhI fusqBk.
FwFkBxkN dk fdqF g/IN sK BjhI eo ;eh, ;e?u pDk fdZsk. eZcB ftu b/Nh j'Jh
e[Vh, y[Fh s'I gko FKsh dk nfj;k;. opV Bkb fwNk fwNk e/ BjhI, gZe/ jZE Bkb fJe' tko
behoK tkj fdZshnK.
ekob B{z fbfynk - p;'jbh fwBhJ/uo} d/yhnK. okXk feqFB ewkb fuso/ jB. w?I
fJBQK fuZsoK B{z d/ydh ojh sK r'r?I ;kjwD/ nkT[Idk fojk, T[;dh g/IfNzr Uskjh(1897) d/y' -
n"os, szr Bhbk d[w/b, j/mK fbFedk ghbk ozr, j?okBhe[B ;wkBsk. T[;dh gk;s/okbk
sfjshB?; (1897) d/y'. ty ty ;fGnksktK, ty ty ;fwnK dk wjkB nkoN fJe d{i/ Bkb
fezBk fwbdk j?. e"D wzB/rk fe p;'jbh nkoN ns/ r'r?I fJe' F?bh ftu jB.
g?fo; ftu *d :zr rob} 1932 ftu pDkJh, Gog{o gqFz;k fwbh, fJ; ;dek 1933
ftu rq?Iv ;?b{B nkc g?fo; ftu n?;'f;J/N u[Dh rJh. ;kb 1935 ftu, Eoh rob} fFwb/
ftu pDkJh. d'tK ftu coe gqsZy j?, gfjbh ftu'I gZSw fd; fojk j?, d{ih ftu g{op.
gjkVh wodK n"osK d/ fusoK ftu Gkosh gqGkt sK j? jh go gkb r'r?I B/ 1888 ftu i'
*d ;owB nkcNo J/ ftf}B pDkJh ;h, T[;d/ gqGkt th w"i{d jB.
iowB g/INo fi;B/ gkfe;skB dh Bkrfoesk b? e/ fJ;ws ojhw(1904-63) Bkw
oZfynk nzfwqsk B{z fFwb/ fwbh fiZE/ T[;dk gsh i/HJ/H ojhw nc;o bZrk j'fJnk ;h. d't/I
fwT{By ftu fJeZm/ gVQd/ ;B. nzfwqsk B/ T[;B{z w?bew dk g'oNq/N fdZsk. fJj i'Vk eokuh
ftu t; frnk fiE/ fJ;ws B/ nkoN; e"I;b dh ;EkgBk ehsh. T[;dh g/IfNzr d' n"osK
(1960) d/y'. d' iDhnK wzih s/ p?mhnK d/ye/ s[jkB{z nzfwqsk dh F?bh dk Mbekok ;kc
fdZ;/rk. g?fo; ftu nzfwqsk B/ :zr rob} Bkw dh fijVh g/IfNzr pDk e/ tkjtk yZNh ;h,
T[; pko/ fJ;ws fbydh j? :zr rob} nzdo p?mhnK e[VhnK dk ;hB j?,. ewo/ ftu
nkokw Bkb p?mhnK jB, e[M fdbu;g BjhI eodhnK, d/yD B{z th pj[s ;[jDhnK BjhI, p;
d' e[VhnK, fJe r'oh d{ih gZe/ ozr tkbh. go fdqF s[jkB{z X{ gkT[Idk j?. fJj' fijh FkBdko
s;tho 19 ;kb dh e[Vh B/ pDk fdZsh. skesto, wodkBrh dh Mbe tkbh.
gZSw ftu ebkeko n"osK ro[Zg pDk e/, :{BhnBK pDk e/ ezw eodhnK, w[esh bJh
;zxoF eodhnK. jo d/; ftu e'Jh Bk e'Jh fJ;soh e"I;b j[zdh. Gkos ftu nfijh e'Jh
fJ;soh iE/pzdh BjhI ;h, Bk nzfwqsk B{z fJ; dh b'V gJh. T[j J/Bh db/o ;h fe T[;B{z
iE/pzdh dh b'V BjhI ;h, ew}'o j[zdh sK y[d th iE/pzdh pDk ;edh ;h. wjkswk rKXh dk
136

nk}kdh nzd'bB, ;fsnkrqfj, FKswJh ;h fJ; eoe/ fJXo sK n"osK o[fus j' ojhnK ;B,
;o'iBh BkfJv{ tKr nrtkJh eoB bZr gJhnK ;B, go nkoN dk y/so e/tb wodK tk;s/
;[zBk fgnk ;h. ;ys fto'XK ftu nzfwqsk fBozso ekoiFhb ojh.
1941 d/ F[o{ ftu bkj"o rJ/ fiE/ ofjD dk fJokdk ;h, ;zy/g ;ot/ eoe/ gos
nkJ/. 26 ;kb dh nzfwqsk B/ id'I bkj"o B[wkfJF bkJh sK T[;B{z gsk bZrk fe T[;dk
pugB dk nkoN Nhuo g?Nw?B bkj"o ftu j?, s[ozs T[;B{z ;Zfdnk. i[nkB j'Jh nzfwqsk dh
;[zdosk d/yh, nksw ftFtk; d/fynk s/ ebk feqsK d/y e/ g?Nw?B B/ wkfgnK B{z ;bkj fdZsh
- gfjbK bzdB ;b/v ;e{b ftu vqkfJzr} f;yD bJh fco g?fo; d/ fpU nkoN; ;e{b ftu
ozrK dh Nq/fBzr bJh G/i'. T[;dh fJ; ;bkj T[s/ nwb Bk j' ;fenk.
fco i{B ftu rJ/, ;G s'I gfjbK fJepkb f;zx B{z fwb/ i' nkb fJzvhnk o/vhU ftu
ezw eodk ;h. fFwb/ T[j nzfwqsk B{z ftnkj s'I gfjb'I dk ikDdk ;h s/ d';sK ftu'I ;h.
T[;B/ fbfynk - 1934 ftu id'I g?fo;'I tkg; nkJh, fJe fdB fFwb/ d/ gqf;ZX o/;soK d/fte'
nzdo bzx nkJh, jkb ftu ykw'Fh Sk rJh, jo/e dhnK B}oK T[; tZb, r{VQh joh ;kVQh,
;{jk pbkT{}, fsZpsh rfjD/. e[M fdB pkd fJepkb B{z xo ;Zd e/ nkgDk ;N{vhU
fdykfJnk, d/yfdnK fJepkb B/ y{p dkd fdZsh, fejk fe r'r?I tor/ siop/ jB. ;ko/ tke
T[;B{z y[F eoB bJh ej/, y[F j' rJh. dhtkB uwBbkb B{z th bkj"o fwb/, T[;B/ dZf;nk
fe tZvh frDsh ftu Gosh j' e/ vkeNo fJE'I c"i Bkb ub/ rJ/ jB, j[D gq?efN; eoB dk
;jh w"ek j?. nzfwqsk B{z nkoN d/ gZy s'I bkj"o nkgD/ bJh mhe EK bZrk. fteNo tkg;
;okfJnk nk frnk s/ T[j uwBbkb j[oK e'b pkd ftu th ojh. fJE/ ;'thns g/INo
;t/s';bkt o'foy B{z fwbh i' nkgD/ fgsk gqf;ZX nkofN;N fBe'b; Bkb nkfJnk j'fJnk ;h,
fgsk B/ e[Zb{ ns/ fjwkbhnk d/ pj[s tXhnk fuso pDkJ/ ;B. fgS'I ik e/ 1945 ftu
;t/s';bkt B/ N?r'o dh g'sh, gqf;ZX fcbw nfGB/soh d/ftek okDh Bkb ftnkj eotkfJnk.
d/ftek okDh nS{s ezfBnK fcbw okjhI 1936 ftu jh gqf;ZX j' u[Zeh ;h.
bkj"o s'I f;wb/ nk rJh, d/fynk fe fJzdok ns/ T[;d/ gsh B/ T[;d/ ;N{vhU s/
ep}k eo fbnk j?. d{i/ ewo/ ftu ubh rJh go g/IN feE/ eo/< nzfwqsk, fJzdok B{z fgnko
eodh ;h go fJzdok B{z T[; Bkb Jhoyk ;h feT[Ife nzfwqsk fizBh ;[jDh BjhI ;h, T[Bh
jowB fgnkoh BjhI ;h. id'I fteNo Bkb fJzvhnk nkJh, nzfwqsk e'b g?;/ BjhI ;B id'I fe
fJzdok XBh ;h, T[;B{z fJ; rZb dk th cyo ;h, ne;o F/yhnK wkodh ofjzdh. fJzdok B/
fJe tko fvBo fdsk fi; ftu fszB ftd/Fh wfjwkB nkJ/. ezXK T[s/ g/IfNzr} d/y e/
fusoeko pko/ g[ZfSnk. nzfwqsk Bkb rZbK eoB bZr/, fJzd{ B{z B}onzdk} eo fdZsk s/ nzfwqsk
d/ j[Bo s'I p/jZd gqGkfts j'J/. T[BQK d/ ikD fgS'I fJzdok B/ jzrkwk yVQk eo fdZsk fe jo
EK u"XokDh fet/I pD iKdh j?. nzfwqsk B/ fejk - fJj rZb j? sK nZi s'I pkd w?I fJ; SZs
j/m BhI ojKrh. fJzd{ B/ fejk - mhe, j[D/ dck j'. d; whb dk g?db ;co gjkVh uVQ e/
s?n ehsk, ;t/o/ fszB ti/ j?bB dk p{jk yVekfJnk. pkeh fdB fJE/ ojh. ys fby e/
fteNo B{z fJzd{ pko/ ;zy/g dZf;nk. fbfynk - fij' fij/ uKdh d/ w'N/ u{V/ :{gh dhnK n"osK
gfjBdhnK jB, s/ih e'b ns/ w/o/ e'b jB, T[BQK Bkb dk fJe ;??N j?bB tk;s/ b?
nkT[Dk. fJj w/ok pj[s fynkb oZydh n?. s{z fbfyn? s?B{z w/ok nkoN uzrk brd?. w?I y[F
j' rJh. w?B{z brdk ;h s{z fJ; ;ko/ ek;/ s'I nBikD j?I. nBikD j'D Bkb'I sK uzrk j?
e'Jh w/o/ ezw B{z Bcos eo/, oZd eo/. id'I T[dk; j[zBh nK s?B{z :kd eodh jK. r'r?I dh
fejVh ihtBh gVQ foj?I nZi eZbQ< nzro/}h ftu sK e'Jh j? Jh BjhI. vhno EhU }o{o gVQ,
tkBrkr tb'I nkgD/ Gok B{z fby/ ys, ewkb d/.
26 ;kbk y[Ftzs f;zx th j?bB ns/ uwBbkb i'Vh dk d';s ;h. bzvB s'I bkn
eoe/ gq?efN; F[o{ ehsh j'Jh ;h. T[;d/ fgsk dh e'mh uwBbkb dh fojkfJF B//V/ ;h fiE/
T[j rowhnK ftu nkfJnk. nzfwqsk B/ fteNo B{z 21 i[bkJh 1941 B{z ys ftu fbfynk -
y[Ftzs Bkw d/ i[nkB B{z fwbh i' gsBh ;D/ wkfgnK e'b nkfJnk j'fJnk ;h. w?B{z bzu
tk;s/ ;Zfdn?. d;dk ;h fe f;b}o nkgDk bkj"o tkbk ebhfBe s/ fojkfJF t/uDh ukj[zdk
j?. j?bB B/ r[Z;/ ftu fejk - fJj rZb pzd eo. f;b}o T[j EK t/u u[Zek j?. j[D d{ih
137

tkoh t/uD tkbh rZb ysw. ;?o pj[s eodh jK. eZu/ ;/p ekch yk rJh, fJ; eoe/ g/N
ftu dod j' fojk j?. o;hd d/ ;g?fbzr reciet BjhI reciept j[zd/ B/.
10 i[bkJh 1941 B{z y[Ftzs B/ bkj"o s'I nzfwqsk B{z ys fbfynk - fgnkoh fwf;}
J/rB, vkeNo f;b}o dk efbfBe ftekT{ j? go T[;B/ fejk j? fe nes{po sZe o[eDk
gt/rk feT[Ife ni/ nwohek B/ T[;B{z th}k BjhI fdZsk. s{z d/y bJ/Irh sK s?B{z g;zd nkJ/rk,
fco vkeNo Bkb rZb eo bthI. - y[Ftzs.
nzfwqsk dh fe;/ fuZmh ftu fJ; fgS'I y[Ftzs f;zx dk f}eo BjhI nkfJnk. y[Ftzs
f;zx T[;dk f}eo No{E, bt n?Iv J/ fbNb w?bkJh; ftu eodk j? - ni/ T[j bkj"o g[Zih
BjhI ;h, T[;dh F[jos g[Zi rJh. gsh ;w/s bkj"o t;Dk ukj[zdh ;h. ;[jDh ;h s/ fdb
c/Ie th. Bfjo{ T[; T[go w'fjs j' frnk ;h. T[;d/ fJFeK dhnK ejkDhnK b'e uNyko/ bk
bk ;[DkT[Id/. gsk BjhI ;Zu fe M{m go T[;dh tk;Bk dh fposh d/ :ZeV uZbh iKd/. w?I
T[;B{z fwbD dk fJS[Ze ;K s/ S/sh ;pZp pD frnk.
fJe d[gfjo o'Nh ykD bkj"o xo nkfJnk sK d/fynk w/} T[go phno dk e/B ns/
go; fgnk ;h, ewo/ ftu co?Iu fJso dh y[Fp{ fyboh j'Jh, w?I o;'Jh ftu ik e/ nkgD/
ykB;kw/ B{z g[ZfSnk, T[;B/ fejk - w?I BjhI ikDdk, fJe w/w ;kfjp ;kVQh gfjB e/ nkJh j?.
s[jkv/ pko/ g[ZfSnk - w?I fejk d[gfjo/ bzu ;w/I nkT[Dr/. fJXo T[Xo d/ye/ nkg/ cfoZi y'bQ
e/ nkj phno eZY fbnkJh. j[D pkEo{w ftu j?. w?I fpBK d/y/ ;wM frnk, nzfwqsk j?, T[jh
;h. dZf;nk fe ;Ve gko T[;B/ wekB feokJ/ s/ b? fbn? s/ w?E'I fw;sohnK, gbzpoK,
doihnK nkfde pko/ g[ZSD bZrh. w?B{z i' gsk ;h dZ; fdZsk. w? I T[; Bkb f;ZXh B}o Bk
fwbk ;fenk, T[; dhnK nZyK ftu fbFe e[M p/Fow fijh ;h fe w/o/ tork ew}'o pzdk
BhthI gk bJ/. wZE/ d/ n?B ftueko uhoBh, tkb e;e/ r[Zs ehsh j'Jh. w'N/ p[ZbQ. w?I dZf;nk
- w?I s[jkv/ pko/ ;[fDn? fe tXhnk g/INo j', fco nkgDh phth dhnK tkNo eZbo ftu
pDkJhnK ezX s/ NzrhnK s;thoK tb ;?Bs eofdnK fejk - fJj w/oh gsBh dhnK jB, f;y
ojh j?.
- fd;dk Jh j? f;yKdo{ j?, T[j p'bh. T[; ftu osk Go jbhwh BjhI ;h. i' fdb
ftu nkT[Idk efj fdzdh, fe;/ B{z uzrk bZr/, p[ok, gotkj BjhI.
d{ih tko fFwb/ fwb/. y[Ftzs nkgDh gsBh ns/ p/N/ B{z e;"bh s'I b? nkfJnk.
nzfwqsk T[d'I uwBbkb j'oK Bkb ofj ojh ;h. y[Ftzs f;zx B/ fJBQK B{z bzu dh dknts
fdZsh. doys j/m phno ns/ fiB dk d"o uZfbnk. pZuk nZi/ e'Jh e'Jh edw g[ZND bZrk
;h, ;[jDh Feb, x[zrokb/ tkb, rZbQK ftu N'J/, w[sbkFh nZyK, ;ko/ T[;dh gq;z;k eo oj/
;B. nzfwqsk B/ fejk - fezBk pd;{os w[zv?. ;kfonK B{z fJj rZb p[oh bZrh, p/gqtkj nzfwqsk
phno ghIdh ojh. ykDk yk e/ ubh rJh. T[;B{z fe;/ B/ dZf;nk fe s/o/ nkT[D pkd y[Ftzs
dh phth B/ s?B{z rzdh e[Zsh fejk ;h. rZb dZ;D tkb/ B{z nzfwqsk B/ fejk - w?I fJ; iBkBh
B{z ;pe f;yktKrh. w?I fJjdk yktzd Gik e/ b? iktKrh. y[Ftzs f;zx fbydk j? - T[;B/
nkgDk eEB ;Zu eoe/ BjhI fdykfJnk. phth B/ n?bkB eo fdZsk fe T[j fJ; xo ftu
w[V e/ BjhI tV/rh.
19 nes{po 1941 B{z T[;dh fFwb/ tkosk foekov j'Jh fijVh nkb fJzvhnk bkj"o
s'I po'vek;N j'Jh. fJzvhnB nkoN N[v/ ftu T[;B/ fejk - fJzvhnB nkoN nkyDk ;jh
BjhI, fJzvhnB g/IfNzr efjDk ukjhdk j? feT[Ife nZi p[ZssqkFh Gkos ftu'I nb'g j' rJh j?,
p[ZssqkFh B{z edh g{oh ;fGnsk ;wofgs j' rJh ;h. wkVh w'Nh feXo/ p[Zsebk j' ojh j?,
T[j nzBQ/tkj gZSw d/ eZuxoV ebkekoK dh Beb j? s/ gZSwh ebkeko tk;st ftu Gkos
dh g[oksB f;oiDk ftu'I ;pe f;ZyD bZr/ e'Jh gq:'r nkfde eod/ ofjzd/ jB i' ;kok e[M
rbs wbs s/ fdFkjhD j?.
ikBtoK d/ fuso pDkT[D bZrh, T{m, x'V/, jkEh, wZMK, rktK, e[Zsk, eK, ikBto
fusoB tes T[j tXhe ;fEo, tXhe skesto brdh j?. d' nkdwh ns/ fszB T{mK tkbk
T[;dk fuso FkBdko j?. T{mK d/ fujfonK s'I T[BQK d/ GktK dk gsk bZr fojk j?. jkEhnK
d/ fuso pDkT[Idh j'Jh dZ;dh j? fe F?bh nizsk tkbh BjhI, w[rbK tkbh tosh j?.
138

nzfwqsk ns/ fteNo Bz{ ;kc fd; frnk fe wkg/ T[BQK B{z g;zd BjhI eod/ fi; ekoB
;o'fJnk d/ ekb/ gkDhnK dh ;}k G[rsDh g? ojh j?. fFwbk ns/ wihmk T[BQK bJh tofis
y/so j' frnk. nkyo bkj"o g[Zi e/ wkb o'v B}dhe g"F J/ohJ/ ftu wekB feokJ/ s/ b?
fbnk. gfjbK w[rbK B/, fco wjkokik oDihs f;zx B/ s/ fco nzro/}K B/ fJ; Ffjo dh
;[zdosk ftu tkXk ehsk. fJ;/ Ffjo ftu Fkj}kdk ;bhw (ijKrho) dk nBkoebh Bkb
fJFe j'fJnk, fJE/ ijKrho dh p/rw B{oijkB dh epo j?. nzro/}K B/ nikfJp xo,
jkJhe'oN, gzikp :{Bhtof;Nh ns/ w/U ;e{b nkc nkoN ;Ekfgs ehs/. d'tK B/ c?;bk ehsk
fe nkgDh g;zd dh jt/bh ;ikT[Dr/. j/mbk fjZ;k fteNo dk j;gskb j'J/rk s/ T[gobh
wz}b nzfwqsk dh toeFkg ns/ nkoN r?boh. ;[cBk ;keko j'fJnk.y[d coF dh orVkJh
ehsh, p{j/ pkohnK B{z y[d g/IN ehsk. w/} e[o;hnK b'V i'rhnK feokJ/ s/ b? bJhnK. ezXK
s/ nkgDhnK g/IfNzr} ;ik fdZshnK. efbfBe ftu fteNo B/ t/fNzr o{w, u?eng o{w, nkgq/FB
fEJ/No ekfJw eo bJ/. fJe S'Nh c'ov eko yohdh. bkj"o ebkekoK, ;kfjsekoK dk rVQ
;h. fJBQK d/ xo wifb;K bZrDhnK F[o{ j' rJhnK. nzfwqsk dh FkB f;yo s/ ;h.
j;gskb th uZfbnk ns/ d{o'I B/fVUI ebkeko ns/ ebkgkoy{ nk e/ ftuko tNKdok
eoB bZr/. ;kfjs ns/ cb;c/ dh uouk fjs wifb;K brdhnK. o/vhT[ ns/ g?q; okjhI
nzfwqsk d/ ftuko gq;kfos j[zd/. wjKBro bkj"o ftu T[j e/Idoh Fy;hns pD rJh fi;
d[nkb/ gfoeowk eoe/ e[M Bk e[M jk;b j' ;edk ;h. xo nkfJnK dk ukj gkDh, ekch
Bkb ;tkrs j[zdk. fteNo d;dk j? - b'eK ftueko fxoh T[j fyV iKdh. fJj ;jh j?
fe T[;dh u'D nkgDh jh fe;w dh j[zdh ;h. dofwnkBh p[Xh dk pzdk T[; e'b tXhe ;wK
p?m jh BjhI ;h ;edk, w?I fJ; ftuko tNKdo/ B{z fdbu;gh Bkb d/ydk. T[; B{z fwbD
tkbk pzdk f;fyns ns/ fdbu;g j'Dk }o{oh ;h. T[;B/ d;zpo ftu nkgDh tZvh B[wkfJF
bkT[D dk wB pDkfJnk ns/ fJ; dh fsnkoh tk;s/ i[N rJh. jt/bh dh pkoh ftu'I pkjo
Ffjo tZb dk fdqF d/yfdnK fJ; B{z e?Bt; T[go T[skoB bZrh.
nkgD/ ;w/I d/ Bkwto b/ye c?} nfjwd c?}, nfjwd Fkj p[ykoh, r[opyF f;zx,
eosko f;zx d[Zrb, nzfwqsk gqhsw, wzrs okfJ, T[; t/b/ bkj"o ftu ofj oj/ ;B. nofN;NK
ftu'I npd[b ofjwkB u[rskJh, phH;hH ;kfBnkb, p/tK g?Nw?B, w/oh feqFBk, o{g feqFB, feFB
yzBk, ;shF r[iokb ;G T[E/ ;B. pzrkb ;e{b dk p[ZssqkF ;kfBnkb bkj"o ftu bkbk
bkigs okfJ dk p[Zs sqkFD nkfJnk ;h fi;dk T[dxkNB eKro; d/ ;kbkBk ;?FB tes
j'Dk ;h. p[Zs fsnko eo fdZsk. eKro; B/ g?;/ Bk fdZs/. y[d T[; e'b g?;k BjhI ;h.
T[;B/ w/U ;e{b ftu B"eoh eo bJh, e[M ;w/I pkd nkgDk ;e{b nkc nkoN ubk fbnk i'
pj[s FkB Bkb uZfbnk. fJ; dk Bkw ;h bkj"o ;e{b nkc ckJhB nkoN;. fJ; ;e{b
ftu T[j ;ko/ s/} fdwkr ebkeko dkyb j'J/ fijV/ nekdfwesk d/ gozgokrs pzXB s'V e/
e[M BtK eoe/ fdykD. nwoBkE ;fjrb, dfwnzsh uktbk, jofeFB bkb ns/ gq/wBkE wkr'
fJ; ;e{b dh g?dktko jB. ;kfBnkb nzfwqsk d/ j[Bo s'I pky{p tkec ;h, nzfwqsk ne;o
T[;d/ ;N{vhU ftu iKdh. o{g feFB, okfJb ekbi nkc nkoN bzvB s'I gVQ e/ nkfJnk ;h,
T[;dh r'oh phth w/oh feFB th T[sw ebkeko, fgS'I fJzrb?Iv ik t;/ s/ d'tK B/ gqf;ZX
feskp ckow n?Iv ;p;NK; ouh. fJj feskp pfofNF nekdfwesk ns/ pzrbk ;e{b g[Bo
ikroD, d'tK F?bhnK d/ fybkc j?.
wK B{z ys fbfynk - i' ukj[zdh ;K fwb frnk. fgsk ih tk;s/ g{ok nkokwd/j tZy
ewok j?. fgsk d/ wBg;zd ykD/ e[Ze pDk ;e/rk, gsk BjhI, go fgsk ykD ghD d/ wkwb/
s/ B'e M'e th BjhI eod/. w/ohnK fFwb/ gJhnK ;G g/IfNzr} fGitk fdT[.
T[;B/ d;zpo d/ wjhB/ B[wkfJF dk c?;bk ehsk. ekob yzvkbtkbk ns/ gzikp
fbNo/oh bhr d/ gqXkB ;o npd[b ekfdo B{z ikD gSkD fbyD tk;s/ fejk. i'o F'o Bkb
fsnkohnK F[o{ j' rJhnK. fJepkb f;zx seohpB jo o'} uZeo bkT[Idk. e[M fdBK d/ Bkr/
pkd fszB d;zpo B{z frnk sK nihp ykw'Fh wfj;{; j'Jh. fteNo efbfBe ftu BjhI ;h.
g"VQhnK uVQ e/ T[go ubk frnk, d/fynk, }od fujok, nzfwqsk wzi/ s/ b/Nh gJh ;h. dZf;nk
- ;o npd[b ekfdo d/ xo rJh ;K, w?vw ekfdo B/ ge"V/ y[nkJ/ fi; ekoB g/N ftu
139

VpV j' rJh. T[d'I dh mhe BjhI jK. fteNo dtkJh d/ foj?. e[M ;wK rZbpks eoe/
fJepkb ubk frnk. gzi sohe B{z fco frnk, fteNo g"VhnK T[so fojk ;h, T[dk;. - eh
rZb j?< nzfwqsk fet/I j?< vkeNo B/ fejk- rzGho. FkfJd pu Bk ;e/. p/j'Fh ftu j?, i' j'
;ed? eo fojK. fJepkb nkgDh rZvh ftu j?bB B{z T[;d/ gsh ;D/ b? nkfJnk.
j?bB s/} edwh nzfwqsk d/ ewo/ ftu rJh. nk e/ dZf;nk fe wo ojh j?, j'o
vkeNo fbnkJhJ/. vkH fBjkb uzd ;heoh ns/ iowB vkeNo e?fbF B/ nk e/ w[nkfJBk ehsk
s/ fejk - pj[s d/o j' u[Zeh j?. w"s sZe y{B trdk oj/rk. fteNo B/ vkH oxpho f;zx
B{z p[bk fbnk i' bkj"o dk wzfBnK j'fJnk ;oiB ;h. T[;d/ nkT[D sZe nzfwqsk dw s'V
u[Zeh ;h. nmkJh ;kb dh T[wo, gzi d;zpo dh nZXh oks. nrb/ fdB 6 d;zpo FBhtko B{z
wkg/ fFwb/ s'I, fJzdok ns/ T[;dk gsh efbnkD ;[zdow fdZbh s'I bkj"o g[Zi rJ/. nukBe
j'fJnk eh, fJ; dk ft;Eko gqkgs BjhI j?, go d';s, ;j/bhnK fwbD rJ/ sK d/fynk, y{B
Bkb bEgE ;c?d ukdoK ftu fbgNh gJh ;h. roGgks < FkfJd.
rhsk B/ fbfynk - T[;d/ nkyoh bc} ozrK pko/ ;B. pkoh EkDh fSgd/ ;{oi dhnK
;[Bfjoh feoBK nzdo nk ojhnK ;B, ezX T[go e[M Bw{B/ pDd/ d/y/, god/ T[go Bhb/,
bkb, jo/ ozr T[xV/, T[Xo d/yfdnK fJBQK ozrK d/ Bkw b?IfdnK p/j'F j' rJh, d[BhnK B{z
y[dk jkfc} efj rJh. fgsk B/ dZf;nk - nzfwqsk ukj[zdh ;h w?I bkj"o T[; e'b ojK s/ d/yK
fezBh y[F j?. w?I efj fdZsk ;h - fizB/ w/o/ bkj"o g[okD/ d';s ;B, T[BQK B{z fwb bT[.
fuZmhnK fby fdZshnK jB. w?I ;z;feqs ftu'I nzr/q}h nB[tkd d/ ezw ftu bZrk j'fJnk ;K,
efj fdZsk ;h ni/ BjhI mfjo e/ nktKrk. S/ sohe Fkwh g[Zi/, ;Zs B{z ;;eko eo fdZsk.
T[j s/} T[IrbK s/ fdwkr fi; B{z f;oiDk s'I c[o;s BjhI fwbdh ;h, ;kvhnK nZyK ;kjwD/
gzi sZsK ftu fyZbo rJ/. bkj"o T[;B/ nkgDh wK d/ roG ftu gqt/F ehsk ;h, e[dos B/
T[;dh w[esh tk;s/ bkj"o u[fDnk.
g{oph ns/ gZSwh ;fGnkuko ftu fxo ikD ekoB fJ; e[Vh dh t/b nXtkfNUI
N[ZNh. pugB jzroh ftu, i[nkBh g?fo; ftu. T[j g?fo; id'I gqGkttkdh ebkeko fBot;so
e[VhnK fuso oj/ ;B. fJj fuZso fynkbh BjhI ;B, rohp e[VhnK, t/;tktK, o'Nh ykD fjs
nkgD/ nkg B{z wkvbK ti'I g/F eodhnK, i[nkB w[zv/ T[BQK B{z e?Bt;K s/ T[skod/. fJ; F?bh
dk f;ZXk noE ekwtk;Bk B{z o{gwkB eoBk j?. fJ; wkj"b ftu gqtkB uVQh nzfwqsk e?Bt;
T[go ;BksBh g/Iv{ Gkos T[sko ojh j?. wkfgnK B{z Bk T[; dhnK nkdsK g;zd jB Bk ezw,
go p/t; jB. e[bhB tor dh j'D eoe/ f;Zy ;wki bkukoht; T[;B{z podkFs eodk
fojk, gqtkB BjhI j'Jh. wkJhebJ/Iib' B/ dkT{d, :;{, nkdw, Jht ns/ cfoFs/, fBot;so
fuso/, Bzr/ sokF/ go s[jkB{z T[BQK ftu'I Bzr/i, ekw, b[Zug[Dk BjhI fd;dk. Bzr/ fuZso d/ye/
g'g r'fvnK goB/ j' e/ wZEk N/e fdzdk j?. ;kv/ fJj nzfwqsk d/ ;wekbh ebkeko wB'o'rK
dk fFeko j'J/, gkrb, Bhw gkrb j' e/ eJhnK B/ y[de[Fh ehsh, eJh ;hyK fgS/ pzdh j' e/
wo/. nzfwqsk dh ihtB eEk dk J/Bh S/sh N[ZNDk fJe j'o soQK dh y[de[Fh jh j?. fi; soQK
dk ihtB p;o eo ojh ;h, fuso ojh ;h, T[; B{z gsk ;h fJ; ftu ft;c'N j' ikJ/rk.
T[; B{z bZrk, nkgD/ ykBdkBh fgS'eV dk ckfJdk T[mk e/ T[j T[jh e[M eo/rh i' wod
eod/ jB, wBwo}h, jo/e goeko dh wBwo}h.
T[;dk tke ne;o d[jokfJnk iKdk - w?I ed fej? w?I f;nkDh jK< w?I sK fJj
efjBh nK fe pkeh w{oy B/.
eFwhoh ;kb ftu fi;w bg/fNnk. fe;/ B{z fynkb Bk nkfJnk, c[Zb ukjhd/ jB.
s[os GZi e/ d';s jko b? nkJ/. wkb o'v T[go dh uZb e/ pkdFkjh w;fid, febQk s/ fco
okth feBko/ FwFkBxkN. nodk; fgS'I fgsk B/ fuyk B{z nrBh S[jkJh. nZr dhnK bgNK
T[uhnK T[mhnK. j[D nzfwqsk edh BjhI fd;/rh. ekcbk gos nkfJnk.
F'e ;Gk j'Jh fi; ftu u[rskJh, ;kfBnkb, o{gfeFB s/ w/oh Fkwb j'J/. ;kfBnkb
B/ dZf;nk - fteNo T[;d/ pu/ ozr, poZF, g/IN pe;, e?Bt;K d/ frn?. T[; dhnK
fBFkBhnK. nBzd GtB s'I Bfjo{ dk ys nkfJnk - T[; Bkb ;pzXs Sgh ;koh ;wZroh
G/idk jK. T[; dh fJe c'N' nkgD/ e'b oZy bJh j?. T[; ihBhn; B/ ni/ sK f;o/ uVQBk
140

;h. T[;B/ fejk ;h nbkjpkd fteNo s/ w?I nk e/ e[M fdB s[jkv/ e'b ojKr/. ;G phs/
dhnK rZbK j' rJhnK jB.
;o'iBh BkfJv{ dk ys nkfJnk - nkgDh ;[zdosk, itkBh, ebk ns/ ndG[s p[ZXh
Bkb T[;B/ fi; ;z;ko B{z ;ikfJnk, T[; B{z SZv th rJh S/sh d/Dh. nwho Fy;hnsHHHH
nwho o{jHH w?B{z gs? w?B{z fgnko eodh ;h. S'Nh T[wo ftu tZvh tok;s SZv rJh. j";bk,
skes, w"fbesk HHH fJzBh e[ pZuh ftu J/Bk.
T[;B/ FwFkBxkN g/IfNzr feT[I pDkJh< fteNo d;dk - T[j jo t/b/ fJjh ejh
iKdh - w?I ezw eoB?, w/o/ e'b ;wK pVk xZN j?, ezw w?I tZX eoB?. jo tes ekjb ftu.
fttkdK ftu fxoh nzfwqsk pkps fttkd w"s Bkb ysw BjhI j'J/. wK, w/oh n?IN'fBN
B{z gkrbgD d/ d"o/ g?D bZr/. T[;B/ g[b; B{z, y[chnk J/iz;hnK B{z, wzsohnK B{z ys fby e/
fejk - fteNo w/oh Xh dk eksb j?. fJj e'bv pbZvv wovo j?. T[wokT[ f;zx FKs
fojk. thj d;zpo 1941 B{z fdZbh fJzdok d/ xo'I T[;B/ pj[s ;ko/ yas nfjw Fy;hnsK B{z
fby/. uwBbkb B{z fbfynk - s[;hI w/oh Xh ns/ itkJh tk;s/ i' ehsk, ni/ eo oj/ j',
F[eor[}ko jK. w?I, w/oh gsBh s/ fteNo ni/ ;dw/ ftu'I BjhI fBeb/. w/oh gsBh dh jkbs
p[oh j?. nkyh iKdh j? - e'Jh nzfwqsk dh rZb Bk eo/ w/o/ e'b. nkg ;kok fdB rZbK
eoB'I BjhI jNdh.
- fijVh B[wkfJF bZrDh j?, T[; ftu fBot;so g/IfNzr} Bk oZyDhnK. j'o th,
fijVhnK ;jh Bk j'D, ty eo b?DhnK. ;o f;ezdo j:ks ykB T[dxkNB eoB nkT[Dr/,
T[j fe;/ gq/FkBh ftu Bk g? ikD. fJ; fgS'I ;kohnK feqsK fdZbh G/i d/DhnK, fJE/ ukob;
c/poh B[wkfJF dk fJzs}kw eo fojk j?. fco fFwb/ tkb/ nkgD/ xo ;kok e[M oZy e/ n;hI
nzfwqsk nkoN r?boh ;Ekgs eo fdnKr/. nzfwqsk dhnK n;EhnK FhF/ d/ r[bdkB ftu
oZyKr/.
8 iBtoh 1942 B{z fco uwBbkb B{z fbfynk - w/oh gsBh B/ pj[s ;ko/ gkrbgD
Go/ yas fby e/ fteNo B{z nzfwqsk dk eksb fejk j?. w"s d/ ;dw/ ekoB T[;dk fdwkrh
stk}B ftrV frnk j?. gkrbgD d/ d"fonK dh woh} T[j fJ; s'I gfjbK dh j?. fgSb/
wjhB/ jkbks tXhe yokp j' rJh. fteNo d'Fh BjhI, T[; T[go FZe tkip BjhI. fiE/ b'V
gt/, w/ok fJj yas fdyk d/Dk.
nzfwqsk dh w"s dk eh ekoB ;h< ;o npd[b ekfdo bkj"o jkJhe'oN dk iZi,
F/ofrZb dk fwZso ;h s/ nzfwqsk dk edodkB. eh T[; d/ xo ykX/ ge"fVnK ekoB g/fuF,
j?}k j'fJnk s/ tXhe y{B trD eoe/ w"s j'Jh< fJepkb f;zx nB[;ko fJj' ;Zu j?. nzfwqsk
B{z M{m p'bD dh nkds BjhI ;h. fJj c{v gkfJ}fBzr dk Bshik j?. FZe eoB tkb/ nkyd/
jB, wfj} jk}w/ dh yokph dk eh fteNo e'b fJbki BjhI ;h< fJepkb nkydk j? - jK,
T[;B{z nkgD/ T[go Go';k ;h, nfij/ pE/o/ fJbki eo u[Zek ;h, nzfwqsk feT[I mhe Bk j'J/rh<
s/ eJh tko woh} BjhI th mhe j[zdk sK c/o vkeNo dk eh e;{o j'fJnk< nKsVh
fJBc?eFB eoe/ vh-jkJhvq'iB j' rJh.
y[Ftzs f;zx fbydk j? - T[;dh wK B/ fteNo fto[ZX fiBQK B{z yas fby/, T[BQK ftu'I w?I
th ;K. w?I fJ;B{z esb sK BjhI wzBdk bkgqtkjh wzBh ik ;edh j?. vkH oxpho f;zx B/
dZf;nk - id'I nZXh oks w?I frnk, T[d'I puD dh T[whd j? Jh Bh ;h, T[j roGtsh ;h s/
fteNo B{z roGgks tk;s/ fejk. nkgq/FB c/bQ j' frnk. y{B pzd Bk j'fJnk, fteNo B/ w?B{z
fejk - w/ok y{B b? e/ fJ; ftu ukVQ d/j. w?I fJBeko eo fdZsk feT[Ife w?B{z d'tK d/ pbZv
ro[ ZgK dk gsk BjhI ;h. n;hI d't/I id'I dbhbpk}h eo oj/ ;K, T[j dw s'V rJh.
fJepkb f;zx nkydk j?, roGgks pko/ j'o fe;/ B{z Bk d;dh, T[;B/ j?bB B{z dZ;
d/Dk ;h. j?bB dk th fJjh efjDk j?. go fteNo d/ d{i/ ftnkj u'I g?dk j'Jh tZvh Xh
Jhtk ;{d dk nkyDk j? fe T[j roGtsh j' rJh, fteNo B{z dZ;/ pr?o fe;/ Bhw jehw
e'b'I e/; yokp eotk fbnk. fteNo dk fJbki ni/ uZb fojk ;h fe }'o Bkb tZvh, Gkoh
g/IfNzr u[Ze bJh. fJ; Bkb pbhfvzr ftu F[o{ j' rJh. phHe/H Bfjo{ dh gsBh c'oh dZ;dh
j? fe T[BQK fdBK ftu roGgks r?o ekB{zBh ;h. roGgks ehsk fteNo B/, go rbs j'
141

frnk. fe;/ B{z dZf;nk BjhI feT[Ife ;}k j' ;edh ;h, pdBkwh j' ;edh ;h, w?vheb e"I;b
B/ ;oNhfce/N oZd eo d/Dk ;h.
gzi wkou 1944 B{z wK B/ fteNo B{z jzr/ohnB ftu yas fbfynk - w/o/ fgnko/
fteNo, d/o s'I fbyD bJh ;'udh ojh. w/o/ ekoB s?B{z fezBh sebhc fwbh, nc;'; j?. go
w?I fpwko jK. w?I p[oh jK. T[Bh ;kb dh T[wo ftu w?I y[de[Fh eoBh ukjh ;h, pu rJh.
w?B{z d/y e/ j?okB j' ikJ/Irk, nzdobh ;koh pdh fujo/ T[go nk rJh j?. d{finK B{z d[yh
ehsk, woB sZe eodh ojKrh. ftjV/ ftubk ;Zso ;kbk g[okDk doys eNtk fdZsk feT[Ife
pKdoK s'I fyM nkT[Idh ;h. j[D ;kok ftjVk T[; fpBk thokB brdk j?. fJzdok w?B{z efj
e/ rJh j? - s{z fteNo B{z Bcos ehsh, cb;o{g s?B{z nzfwqsk B/ Bcos ehsh. dkB w?I fJ;
eoe/ fdnk eodh ;K sK fe b'e w?B{z }kbw Bk ;wMD. w?I fgnkoh wK BjhI, j[D sK gkrb
j' u[Zeh jK. gjkVh s'I Skb wkoB dk fdb ehsk ;h. HHHs{z e[M eo. HHHe[M G/i d/j.
fJE/ e[M dk noE }fjo j?. fteNo B/ 11 wkou 1944 B{z T[so fdZsk - fgnkoh
wkwk, s[jkv/ T[dk; yas B/ p/u?B eo fdZsk. gVQfdnK jh itkp d/Dk ;h go nkyoh vke ik
u[Zeh j?, fJe fdB b/N j' frnK. w?I vkeNo jK, ;G s'I gfjbK ikDBk j[zdk j? fe fpwkoh
eh j? s/ fpwkoh d/ ekoB eh B/. woh} B{z ekoBK dk gsk BjhI j[zdk. woh} B{z id'I gsk
bZr iKd?, T[j mhe j'D brd?. pZu/ jB/o/ ewo/ ftu ikD s'I vod/ ;B. dhtk pkb fdT[
sK ;ko/ ebfgs yso/ d{o j' iKd/ B/. eJh tko fdb ehsk ;h s[jkvk fJbki eoK, go id'I
s[jkB{z w/o/ T[go Go';k BjhI ;h sK w?I s[jkv/ tk;s/ vkeNo th BjhI ;K. s[jkv/ vo ebfgs
B/. s[jkB{z e/jk uzrk gsh fwfbnk, d'jsk fwb frnk, f;js uzrh ;h, ofjD bJh wfjb
fwb/. fi; tk;s/ d[BhnK so;dh j?, T[j ;G e[M jk;b. s[;hI b'eK s'I jwdodh, fgnko
wzr'r/, BjhI fwb/rk. s[;hI jwdodh ns/ fgnko j'oK B{z fdT[, s[jkv/ e'b tkg; nk ikDr/,
tZX fwedko ftu. s[;hI w/oh ;jkfJsk wzrh j?. s[jkv/ Bkb'I tXhe eFN ftu rq;/ w?I j}koK
o'rh mhe ehs/ B/. fJe tko fdb d/ wkfjo B{z fdyk bT[. d{o j'D eoe/ ni/ w?I f}nkdk
e[M BjhI eo ;edk.
- w?I fJzBhnk w[;hpsK ftu'I bzfxnk jK fe nkds g? rJh, ihtB s'I tXhe T[whd j?
th BhI. GftZy dhnK T[whdK ftu ofjDk w?I ed'I dk SZv fdZsk j'fJn?, i' j?, fJ; Bkb
;zs[FN jK. fdb s/ fe;/ rZb dk Gko BjhI oZyDk, i' w?I eo ;fenk eodk ojKrk. w/o/
pko/ s[jkv/ fynkb i/ ;uw[u pdb rJ/ jB, w?I y[F jK, ekb/ vokT[D/ pZdb f;o T[go'I SN
rJ/. s[jkB{z th u?B fwb/rk. ibdh fJeZm/ j'tKr/.
T[wokU f;zx nkgD/ ewo/ ftu p?mk gVQ fby fojk ;h sK 31 i[bkJh 1948 B{z w/oh
n?IN'fBN B/ pzd{e Bkb y[de[Fh eo bJh. T[wokU f;zx fJzdok e'b fdZbh ubk frnk fiE/
1954 ftu w"s j'Jh. w"s s'I gfjbK T[; dh :kddkFs iKdh ojh ;h. fiXo w{zj j[zdk s[o
g?Idk, xzfNnK pZXh Xh itkJh bZGd/ bGKd/ yZib y[nko j[zd/ ofjzd/.
fteNo ;'udk fojk, eh eo/. bkj"o SZv/rk feT[Ife nzfwqsk s'I w[es j'Dk j?. ;oeko
tb'I tkozN nk rJ/. jzroh, iowB dk d';s j?, ;' nzro/}K dk d[FwD, fteNo jzr/ohnB
j'D ekoB d[FwD - f;nk;h e?dhnK d/ e?Ig ftu g[Zi'. T[j ;okfJnk ubk frnk. feogkb
dk uzrk o;{y ;h, T[;dh }kwBh ekoB pu frnk. T[;B/ c?;bk ehsk fe jzroh BjhI ikDk,
p/FZe wK ni/ fiT[Idh ;h. T[;B/ ih ikB bk e/ J/Bk ;ys ezw ehsk fe d{o d{o sZe
F[jos c?bh. n"osK bJh tZyok j;gskb T[;kfonk fiE/ iD/g/ dhnK ;kohnK ;j{bsK ;B.
fiE/ j;gskb pDBk ;h, T[E/ g[okDk fgZgb dk doys ;h, b'eK bJh g{iBhe, T[BQK B/ fejk
- fJj d/tsk j?, tZYD BjhI d/Dk. o[e frnk. w}d{oK ftu nctkj c?bk fdZsh fe fJ;
ftu G{sK dk t;/pk j?. ;kohnK fpwkohnK dh iVQ T[jh jB. ypo J/Bh s/}h Bkb n;o eo
rJh fe ;?IefVnK dh frDsh ftu ;zdK ;w/s b'e nkg/ fgZgb tZYD nk rJ/.
r'oyg[o BjhI, ;kok :{gh, B/gkb sZe T[;d/ }/o/ fJbki ;h. ftFtk; ;h fe jo/e
woi dk fJbki T[; e'b j?. T[j xZN s'I xZN ch; b?Idk, xZN s'I xZN dtkJh fdzdk go
b'eK B{z ;po Bk nkT[Idk sK ezgkT{vo NZkfBe dh p'sb jZE ftu cVk fdzdk.
142

T[;dh Xh Jhtk d;dh j? - fJe tko u"oh u"ok s'I ;thfvF fwFBoh fJbki eotkT[D
nkJ/. e[M ;EkBe b'e th Bkb nkJ/. T[BQK ftu'I fJe B/ :;{ dh ;kyh b'eK B{z ;[DkT[Dh
F[o{ eo fdZsh fe fet/I w;hj/ B/ bkFK ftu'I fJe bk}o; d/ f;o T[s/ jZE oZfynk sK T[;
ftu ikB g? rJh. ;o'fsnK ftu'I fJe g/Iv{ n"os yVQh j' rJh, rzGhosk Bkb fejk - w?I :;{
w;hj B{z ikDdhnK. T[j ;odko Bro ftu ofjzd?.
fiZE/ wihmhJ/ ofjzd/ ;B T[; p;sh dk Bkw ;odko Bro ;h.
Fkw B{z F[ro fwb d/ nc;o, fJzihBhno fJeZm/ j' iKd/, fBZek fijk ebZp pDk
fbnk, Ee/tK bkj[D bJh ft;eh, phno, skF, Fsozi nkfde y/vK j[zdhnK, fteNo Fkwb
j[zdk. g{ok y[F wik} pzdk.
nzfwqsk dh w"s d/ s/oK ;kb pkd 1954 ftu T[; B{z BhBk j?doh fwbh. fBeh j[zdh
B{z d/o gfjbK d/fynk ;h, S/ ;kb dh ;h, nzeb fejk eodh ;h, j[D fJeh ;kb dh Go
i[nkB j' rJh . r[bkw ;cdo ykB j?doh :{gh d/ v/ok fJ;wkJhb ykB s'I ;h, ;oh s'I
bkn gVQ e/ nkfJnk, byBT{ tekbs eodk ;h. ;oh Ffjo dh e[Vh woioh foZeh Bkb
ftnkj j' frnk. fJBQK dh fJeb"sh ;zskB fJj' BhBk ;h. BhBk d/ wkfgnK dh nDpD j'
rJh, fgT[ gkfe;skB ubk frnk, wK ;w/s BhBk fJXo ofj rJh. id'I BhBk Bkb w/b i'b
tXD bZrk, b'eK dk fynkb ;h fteNo T[;dh wK Bkb fJFe bVk fojk j?.
BhBk dZ;dh j? - T[j pj[s uzrk ;h, w/o/ Bkb'I d[ZrDh T[wo dk. w?I T[; Bkb
ftnkj dh rZb ehsh. fteNo B/ fejk - d/y j[D wJh 1954 j?. fJe ;kb sZe mfjo ik.
i/ c/o th s/ok fJj' c?;bk fojk sK ftuko eo btKr/. J/Bk FkBdko wB[Zy, T[j w/o/
i}fpnK Bkb fybtkV th eo ;edk ;h. w?B{z eJhnK B/ vokfJnk th - T[;B/ fit/I gfjbh
gsBh s'I yfjVk S[vk fbnk, s?E'I th S[vk bJ/rk. go w/o/ wkg/ T[;B{z ikDd/ ;B, w?I T[;B{z
ikD rJh ;K. T[;B/ w?B{z fejk - nzfwqsk dh EK b?D dh e'fFF Bk eohI. jw/F w/ok fXnkB
oZydk, ;'funk fJjh ;h fe pZu/ Bk j'D go Jhtk nkg/ nk Ngeh. T[; tk;s/ fJe ;kEh th
ukjhdk ;h y/vD B{z, ;' i{bhnN dk iBw j'fJnk. xo ftu J/Bh y[Fh fe j;d/ j;d/ n;hI
e[o;hnK s'I fvr g?Id/. rZb BjhI j[zdh ;h, go nzfwqsk j[zdh sK xo ftu jh. T[; ekoB
fteNo fJzvhnk nkfJnk, fJ;/ eoe/ w/oh T[; Bkb Fkdh j'Jh.
jzroh s'I wK ;okfJnk nk rJh s/ nZm ;kb ojh. fco tkg; gos rJh. ;Zso
;kb dh fteNo dh G?D, fwbD nkJh. nzfwqsk dk wkwk fJoftB p?eN/ ne;o nkT[Idk, T[j
;G B{z g;zd ;h, pj[s rZbK ;[DkT[Idk. y'ih nkT[Id/ vke{w? INohnK pDkT[D tkb/ nkT[Id/, nzfwqsk
pko/ ;tkb g[Sd/. fizBh T[whd b? e/ nkT[Id/, fteNo T[BQK B{z T[; s'I tXhe s;Zbh d/ e/
s'odk.
fJzdok dh w"s 1974, e;"bh ftu j'Jh, ebk nkb'ue g[Zso tkJhtK ;[zdow, nzfwqsk
dk GkDik ihtzs j?, T[;dh gsBh rhsk, ebk nkb'ue ns/ ebk fJfsjk;eko j?. fJzdok dh
Xh BthBk j?.T[BQk okjhI gqkgs j'Jh ;wZroh w[ ZbtKB j?I.
i{B 1997 ftu 86 ;kb dh T[wo/ fteNo dk d/jKs j'fJnk. fvrD ekoB ;ZN
bZrh, p?v s/ fbNk fdZsk, id'I nkyoh ;kj fbnk, ;kok gfotko nkb/ d[nkb/ p?mk ;h. j}koK
dh frDsh ftu nwho rohp dcB eoB rJ/. oZp B{z BjhI wzBdk ;h. wihmhnk gfotko B/
;fji gkm dk G'r gkfJnk, ehosB T[gozs nodk;, f;Zy otkfJsK w[skpe ;G o;wK
fBGkJhnK. iBw ti'I y[d Jh;kJh, gsBh w[;bwkB, nzfsw o;wK r[owfs nB[;ko. pj[s
tZvhnK ;[ZuhnK o{jK fJj' fijhnK jh j[zdhnK jB. fejk eodk ;h Bk;fse jK, ;kfonK XowK
s'I gq/w gqkgs ehsk.
nzfwqsk T[go uzrhnK feskpK fJepkb f;zx dh nzfwqsk F/ofrZb (nz), ftek;
gpfbfFzr jkT{; BthI fdZbh, tkJhtK ;[zdow dhnK fszB feskpK, ohN/e nkc nzfwqsk (nz),
s{fbek p[e;, BthI fdZbh, nzfwqsk F/ofrb, bkJhc n?Iv toe (nz) ftek; gpfbfFzr jkT{;,
BthI fdZbh, nzfwqsk F/ofrb J/ ;?bc g'oNq/N fJB b?No}, okJhfNzr}, s{fbek p[e;, ekob
yzvkbtkbk dh nzfwqsk F/ofrb (nz), fBT{ p[e; ezH fbH pzpJh, w[beoki nkBzd, (nz) nzfwqsk
F/ofrb (nz) n?BHihHn?wHJ/H, fdZbh, pbd{B YhIrok, F/ofrb (nz), bfbs ebk nekdwh BthI
143

fdZbh, rhsk vkeNo dh, nzfwqsk F/ofrb, J/ fgqzfNv bkJhc (nz), o{gk, BthI fdZbh, :F'Xok
dkbwhnK, nzfwqsk F/ofrb J/ bkJhc (nz), g?Ir[fJB BthI fdZbh jB.
144