Quantifying Uncontrolled Landfill Gas Emissions from Two Florida ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Figure 1-4. Scanning IMACC OP-FTIR instrument 1.3 Vertical Radial Plume Mapping Method The vertical radial plume mapping (VRPM) method maps pollutant concentrations in the vertical plane by scanning the ORS instrument in a vertical plane downwind from an area source. One can obtain the plane-integrated concentration from the reconstructed concentration maps. The downwind emissions flux is calculated by multiplying the plane-integrated concentration by the wind speed component perpendicular to the vertical plane. Thus, the VRPM method leads to a direct measurement-based determination of the upwind source emission rate (Hashmonay et al., 1998; Hashmonay and Yost, 1999; Hashmonay et al., 2001; Hashmonay et al., 2008). Under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Defense’s (DoD) Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP) and the U.S. EPA a radial plume mapping (RPM) methodology to directly characterize gaseous emissions from area sources has been demonstrated and validated, and a protocol has been developed and peer reviewed. This EPA “Other Test Method” was made available for use on the U.S. EPA website in July 2006, and can be found at www.epa.gov/ttn/emc/tmethods.html. The VRPM configuration consists of a scanning ORS instrument, a scissors jack or similar vertical structure (between 5 and 15 meters high) deployed between 50 and 300 meters from the instrument, and multiple mirrors. Typically, three mirrors are deployed along the ground between the ORS instrument and the vertical structure, one mirror is mounted midway up the vertical structure, and one mirror is mounted on top of the vertical structure. Wind speed and 1-5
wind direction data are collected near the base of the vertical structure, and at the top of the vertical structure. During previous measurement projects, there have been questions about whether or not emissions from major hot spots in the landfill cells were being completely captured by the VRPM configuration. In the past, surface measurement surveys were done to locate the position of the emission hot spots in the landfill cells, and the VRPM configuration was deployed directly downwind of the hot spots. The exact location of the VRPM configuration was based on prevailing or forecasted wind directions. In order to address concerns related to emissions capture, an improved VRPM configuration was used for the current study. The improved configuration allowed the project team to collect data regardless of the prevailing wind direction and ensured that emissions from major surface hot spots in the cells were captured by the measurement configuration. The improved configuration also enabled the project team to characterize any emissions originating from the slopes of the landfill cells. The improved configuration consisted of deploying four separate VRPM configurations using two vertical structures and two scanning ORS systems. Figure 1-5 presents an overhead schematic of the improved VRPM configuration. Figure 1-5. Schematic of the VRPM configuration used during this study 1-6
Page 1 and 2: Quantifying Uncontrolled Landfill G
Page 3 and 4: Foreword The U.S. Environmental Pro
Page 5 and 6: 3.1.3 Total Site Methane Emissions
Page 7 and 8: List of Tables Table 1-1. Target Co
Page 9 and 10: Table 3-28. Calculated Methane Flux
Page 11 and 12: Table C-6. Methane Concentrations (
Page 13 and 14: List of Figures Figure 1-1. Map of
Page 15 and 16: Executive Summary Waste decompositi
Page 17 and 18: This page intentionally left blank.
Page 19 and 20: instrument (IMACC, Inc.). Figures 1
Page 21: Figure 1-3. Scanning Boreal GasFind
Page 25 and 26: adsorption spectrometer. The analyz
Page 27 and 28: Table 1-2. Schedule of Work Perform
Page 29 and 30: Figure 2-2. Detail of measurement c
Page 31 and 32: corners of the cell, respectively.
Page 33 and 34: 2.2.3 Background Measurements Backg
Page 35 and 36: This page intentionally left blank.
Page 37 and 38: was aligned on the mirror targets i
Page 39 and 40: methane concentrations measured alo
Page 41 and 42: Figure 3-3 Summary of ORS measureme
Page 43 and 44: Table 3-5. Calculated methane flux
Page 45 and 46: Table 3-7. Calculated methane flux
Page 47 and 48: cell to the base. The following equ
Page 49 and 50: Table 3-9. Results of TO-15 analysi
Page 51 and 52: Table 3-10. Results of C1 to C6 and
Page 53 and 54: Table 3-14. Monomethyl Mercury Conc
Page 55 and 56: 3.2 Landfill Site #2 3.2.1 Control
Page 63 and 64: 3.2.2 Bioreactor Cell 3.2.2.1 Febru
Page 69 and 70: Based on the calculations presented
Page 71 and 72: Table 3-34. Results for C1 to C6 an
Page 73 and 74:
Table 3-38. Monomethyl Mercury Conc
Page 75 and 76:
3.3 Gas and Mercury Sampling Result
Page 77 and 78:
Site #1 with a level of 83 ppmv. Th
Page 79 and 80:
The surveys also found significant
Page 81 and 82:
Monomethyl mercury concentrations i
Page 83 and 84:
5.1 Equipment Calibration Chapter 5
Page 85 and 86:
The R 2 value was used to assess th
Page 87 and 88:
the measured path-integrated methan
Page 89 and 90:
5.2.7 DQI Check of Total Mercury Sa
Page 91 and 92:
Site #1 5.4 Site #2 77.9 Completene
Page 93 and 94:
This page intentionally left blank.
Page 95 and 96:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agenc
Page 97 and 98:
d f e c b PDCs Y X a 2 12( y)( z) (
Page 99 and 100:
When the VRPM configuration consist
Page 101 and 102:
This page intentionally left blank.
Page 103 and 104:
Table B-3. Distance, and Horizontal
Page 105 and 106:
Table B-7. Distance, and Horizontal
Page 107 and 108:
APPENDIX C Path-Averaged Methane Co
Page 109 and 110:
Table C-3. Methane Concentrations (
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
Table C-11. Methane Concentrations
Page 119 and 120:
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
show all

Quantifying Uncontrolled Landfill Gas Emissions from Two Florida ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?