Application of Behavior Change Theory to the Development

TABLE OF CONTENTS
x
BEHAVIOR CHANGE THEORY
PAGE
PREFACE......................................................................................................................... i
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS................................................................................................ i
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................... i
INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 1
Existing System ........................................................................................................... 1
Overview of Current Study........................................................................................ 2
Brief History of the Analysis of Treatment Components in Traffic Safety ............ 3
Quantum Change........................................................................................................ 6
Transtheoretical Model of Change ............................................................................ 6
Transtheoretical Model and Traffic Safety................................................................ 10
METHODS....................................................................................................................... 12
Goal Attainment Scaling ............................................................................................ 12
Treatment Letters........................................................................................................ 15
Generalizability........................................................................................................... 15
RESULTS.......................................................................................................................... 15
Design Quality ............................................................................................................ 16
Transtheoretical Model of Change ............................................................................ 16
General Elements.................................................................................................... 16
Early Stages of Change .......................................................................................... 17
Late Stages of Change ............................................................................................ 17
The Studies .................................................................................................................. 17
Kaestner et al., 1965 ................................................................................................ 18
Marsh, 1969 ............................................................................................................. 20
McBride and Peck, 1970 ......................................................................................... 22
Standard letter................................................................................................... 23
High threat/high intimacy letter..................................................................... 24
High threat/low intimacy letter...................................................................... 25
Low threat/high intimacy letter...................................................................... 26
Low threat/low intimacy letter....................................................................... 27
Epperson and Harano, 1975 .................................................................................. 37
Kaestner and Speight, 1975.................................................................................... 29
Sherman and Ratz, 1979......................................................................................... 32
Marsh, 1985-1995 .................................................................................................... 33
Jones, 1997............................................................................................................... 36
DISCUSSION................................................................................................................... 38
Conclusions ................................................................................................................. 41
Recommendations....................................................................................................... 41
REFERENCES.................................................................................................................. 43