Copyright Malvin Porter, Jr. 2010 - acumen - The University of ...

help them carefully consider each choice before selecting the very best and very worst
categorical Action and the very best and very worst categorical Justification. This procedure is
better for this data because the parametric analyses were focused on scales that subsequently
failed to provide sufficient reliabilities for demonstrating significant relationships between CBVS
Action Choices and Justification Choices both within stories and between stories. Therefore, I
used two nonparametric techniques, which included Chi-Square (Ҳ 2 ) Test for Independence and
Tests for Difference in Proportions, to analyze the ranked very best and very worst categorical
data set (Lomax, 2001; Pedhazur, 1997). The Chi-Square (Ҳ 2 ) Test for Independence and Tests
for Difference in Proportion techniques are more appropriate for analyzing categorical data and
were found to be more reliable measures of relationships between CBVS Action Choices and
Justification Choices.
Next, Chi-Square (Ҳ 2 ) Test for Independence was used to determine whether there is a
dependency between Justification Choice subscales (Prosocial/Care vs. Aggressive/Retribution
vs. Justice/Fair) and Action Choice subscales (Prosocial vs. Aggressive). Tests for Difference in
Proportions were carried out to identify the relationships between variables. Using the nominal
best data and worst data, difference in proportions analyses were conducted to determine the
frequency (ƒ) that children chose CBVS Justification Choices (Prosocial/Care vs.
Aggressive/Retribution vs. Justice/Fair) and Action Choices (Prosocial vs. Aggressive).
In particular, a frequency count for the number of times across the four stories that a
Prosocial Action choice was selected as the very best Action response to victimization was used
in all subsequent analyses to examine children’s Action choices. A frequency count for the
number of times across the four stories that an Aggressive Action was selected as the very worst
Action. Similarly, a frequency count for the number of times across the four stories that a
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