Copyright Malvin Porter, Jr. 2010 - acumen - The University of ...
Copyright Malvin Porter, Jr. 2010 - acumen - The University of ... Copyright Malvin Porter, Jr. 2010 - acumen - The University of ...
thoughts, which may have suggested retaliation. The same words might also be interpreted to suggest equality or justice. Hence, the measure needs to be modified. In summary, there are many individual and contextual factors that influence children’s ability to generate solutions, both prosocial and aggressive, for imagining themselves being victimized or bullied; some of which include children’s history of aggression and victimization, the reality of the bully/victim episode (i.e., actual versus perceived), the level of aggressiveness, heightened emotional distress, the nature of the victim’s relationship with the bully, the form of bully victimization and their moral and social values and beliefs (M. S. Tisak et al., 2006). These and other characteristics serve as reminders that the nature of children’s social reasoning is a complex course of cognitive and emotional processing, which is further confounded by their social development. Findings from this study have raised many more questions than answers about the implications for understanding how children might imagine themselves thinking and behaving in the context of peer victimization. 160
REFERENCES Ableson, R. P. (1981). The psychological status of the script concept. American Psychologist, 36, 715-729. Administration, H. R. a. S. (2004a). The scope and impact of bullying. On Stop the bullying now: Take a stand, lend a hand [Resource Kit]: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Administration, H. R. a. S. (2004b). What we know about bullying. On Stop the bullying now: Take a stand, lend a hand [Resource Kit]: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Andreou, E. (2001). Bully/victim problems and their association with coping behaviour in conflictual peer interactions among school-age children. Educational Psychology Review, 21, 59–66. Archer, J., & Coyne, S. M. (2005). An integrated review of indirect, relational, and social aggression. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 9, 212 – 230. Arsenio, W. F., & Lemerise, E. A. (2004). Aggression and moral development: Integrating social information processing and moral domain models. Child Development, 75(4), 987-1002. Austin, S., & Joseph, S. (1996). Assessment of bully/victim problems in 8 to 11 year-olds. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 66, 447–456. Bandura, A. (1973). Aggression: A social learning analysis. New York, NY: Holt. Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. Engliwood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Bandura, A. (1983). Psychological mechanisms of aggression. In R. G. Green & E. Donnerstein (Eds.), Aggression: Theoretical and empirical reviews. New York, NY: Academic Press. Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice_Hall. Bandura, A. (1991). Social cognitive theory of moral thought and action. In W. M. Kurtines & J. L. Gewirtz (Eds.), Handbook of moral behavior and development (Vol. 1: Theory). Hillsdale, NU: Erlbaum. Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York, NY: W. H. Freeman and Company. 161
- Page 123 and 124: Therefore, I reject the null hypoth
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thoughts, which may have suggested retaliation. <strong>The</strong> same words might also be interpreted to<br />
suggest equality or justice. Hence, the measure needs to be modified.<br />
In summary, there are many individual and contextual factors that influence children’s<br />
ability to generate solutions, both prosocial and aggressive, for imagining themselves being<br />
victimized or bullied; some <strong>of</strong> which include children’s history <strong>of</strong> aggression and victimization,<br />
the reality <strong>of</strong> the bully/victim episode (i.e., actual versus perceived), the level <strong>of</strong> aggressiveness,<br />
heightened emotional distress, the nature <strong>of</strong> the victim’s relationship with the bully, the form <strong>of</strong><br />
bully victimization and their moral and social values and beliefs (M. S. Tisak et al., 2006). <strong>The</strong>se<br />
and other characteristics serve as reminders that the nature <strong>of</strong> children’s social reasoning is a<br />
complex course <strong>of</strong> cognitive and emotional processing, which is further confounded by their<br />
social development. Findings from this study have raised many more questions than answers<br />
about the implications for understanding how children might imagine themselves thinking and<br />
behaving in the context <strong>of</strong> peer victimization.<br />
160