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Growth and reproduction in the field The experiment with BC1J and F2 suffered a strong insect attack previous to the setup of the net; therefore, this trial had to be abandoned. In the experiment with BC1N and oilseed rape, the s eedling m ortality and a bsence of f lowering i n t he f ield w ere m ore frequent f or t he F 2 generation ( 10 out of 38) t han f or BC1N ( 10 out of 72) a nd B. napus (9 out of 53) . BC1N plants w eighted m ore t han t hose of B. napus , a nd F 2 had i ntermediate weight ( Table 2.7). Both BC 1N and F 2 plants showed lower seed weight, per-seed weight and seed germination percentage t han B. napus . T he F 2 produced l ess s eeds t han B. napu s, a nd B C1N ha d intermediate production (Table 2.7). Table 2.6. Percentage of resistant plants in the progeny of susceptible B. napus, BC1N and F2 plants in the field experiment. Plant type Number of plants Progeny Percentage of Total With R progeny Resistant Susceptible resistant BC1NS 35 13 a 48 13925 0.34 F2S 4 4 81 2254 3.6 B. napus 47 2 3 43574 0.007 a i<strong>de</strong>ntified as BC1NS* in Fig. 2.6 and 2.7. There w ere s ignificant c orrelations be tween s eed num ber a nd t otal a boveground bi omass (plant weight plus seed weight) for the three plant types (P< 0.001, Fig. 2.5). The ranking of the slopes of the linear regression equations of seed number in terms of biomass, from the higher to the smaller value, was: B. napus, all phenotypes of BC1N as intermediate, and then F2. S eed number and bi omass of F2 showed greater v ariability than t hose o f B C1N, wh ich were also more variable than those of B. napus, as indicated by the ranking of the coefficients of <strong>de</strong>termination (R 2 ). 67
Table 2.7. Mean (±95% CL) of plant weight, seed weight, seed number, per-seed weight and germination of F2, BC1N and B. napus. Plant type Plant weight (g) Total seed weight (g) No. of seeds Per-seed weight (mg) Germination BC1N 33.9 ± 7.8 a 2.10 ± 0.78 b 1084 ± 450 b 1.90 ± 0.11 b 60.2 ± 4.5 b F2 26.1 ± 8.6 ab 0.90 ± 0.35 b 438 ± 155 b 1.90 ± 0.17 b 67.9 ± 9.5 b B. napus 17.0 ± 3.7 b 3.60 ± 0.87 a 1383 ± 342 a 2.60 ± 0.10 a 79.1 ± 2.5 a F2,130 5.41 ** 15.81 *** 10.57 *** 33.53 *** 8.86 ** F-values are f rom one -way ANOVA on i ndividual t raits ( *, P
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UNIVERSITE DE BOURGOGNE THÈSE Pour
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REMERCIEMENTS My heartfelt thanks g
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forming many of the ideas I present
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Abstract In the framework of commer
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2.3 A rticle 2: Les r étrocroiseme
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Table 3.2. Parameters of linear reg
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experiment. BC1NS is separated into
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Fig. 4.7. Mean and standard error (
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INTRODUCTION GENERALE Dans le cadre
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chapitre 1 dressant l’état des c
Page 21 and 22: CHAPTER 1 LITERATURE REVIEW ON THE
Page 23 and 24: oilseed rape and B. oleracea is ver
Page 25 and 26: populations is reduced as the dista
Page 27 and 28: into hybrids would affect the morph
Page 29 and 30: Snow e t a l. ( 1999) f ound no f i
Page 31 and 32: 1.5 Consequences of introgression I
Page 33 and 34: more flowers and larger plant size
Page 35 and 36: Moreover, beside the introgression
Page 37 and 38: their parental plants. Moon et al.
Page 39 and 40: 2.1 Introduction CHAPTER 2 CONDITIO
Page 41 and 42: ARTICLE 1 The effect of seed size o
Page 43 and 44: plant growth was evaluated without
Page 45 and 46: These two experiments were kept wee
Page 47 and 48: interactions were found among the t
Page 49 and 50: 2006) or m ore f it t han their pa
Page 51 and 52: they b ear b eneficial t ransgenes
Page 53 and 54: Diggle PK, Abrahamson NJ, Baker RL
Page 55 and 56: Ramachandran S , B untin G D, A ll
Page 57 and 58: Table 2.2. F -values f rom a f ive-
Page 59 and 60: Days to flowering Biomass Per. of s
Page 61 and 62: 2.3 Article 2: Les rétrocroisement
Page 63 and 64: Photo.2.3. S praying chlorsulfuron
Page 65 and 66: Introduction In t he f ramework o f
Page 67 and 68: eceived p ollens f rom wild B. j un
Page 69 and 70: Statistical analysis Mean values ar
Page 71: Characteristics of the backcrosses
Page 75 and 76: plants w ith B. napus morphology t
Page 77 and 78: Productivity of the resistant proge
Page 79 and 80: References [1] A .A. Snow, D .A. A
Page 81 and 82: insight into adaptive life-history
Page 83 and 84: CHAPTER 3 EFFETS DE LA RESISTANCE A
Page 85 and 86: 3.2 A rticle 3 : S imulation d e l
Page 87 and 88: compétition et le devenir des popu
Page 89 and 90: difficult to predict. Similarly, it
Page 91 and 92: Table 3.1: ANOVA results of the eff
Page 93 and 94: Table 3.2: Parameters of linear reg
Page 95 and 96: herbivores than when exposed to Bt
Page 97 and 98: esistant hybrid populations might i
Page 99 and 100: Letourneau D .K., H agen J .A., 200
Page 101 and 102: Germination rate 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.
Page 103 and 104: 3.3 Article 4: Compétition entre p
Page 105 and 106: Introduction The invasion of transg
Page 107 and 108: Whether a popul ation w ill e volve
Page 109 and 110: while ensuring that the same ratio
Page 111 and 112: silique number, seed number, seed w
Page 113 and 114: Our ga rden e xperiments s howed t
Page 115 and 116: experiment, harsh growth conditions
Page 117 and 118: References Agrawal AA. 2004. R esis
Page 119 and 120: density- dependent c osts of vi ral
Page 121 and 122: Table 3.5. F values of the analysis
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Table 3.7. Results of Helmert contr
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Fig. 3.4. Examples of experimental
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Flowering date Seed weight Biomass
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No. viable seeds Biomass 50000 4000
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Photo 3.3. Cotton bollworm (Helicov
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Introduction Spontaneous introgress
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screening as transgenic BC2 (trBC2)
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2002), but certain studies showed n
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Acknowledgements We t hank Z hixi T
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92, 368-374. Rieseberg, LH, and Bur
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Table 3.10. F-values of three-way A
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Seed number Biomass 140 120 100 80
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CHAPTER 4 RECHERCHE DES CONSEQUENCE
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Photo 4.1. Wild radish in a herbici
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Introduction Plant divergence is ge
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or t he popul ation of wild r adish
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estimated. All the seeds of every h
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Field experiment Number of siliques
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aphanistrum from hybrids and R. sat
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competition diminished the differen
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Conner, J. K., Rice A. M., Stewart
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Rattenbury J A. 1962. C yclic h ybr
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Fig. 4.1. Four r egions where w ild
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Fig. 4.3. Flower phot os showing pe
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Fig. 4.5. Plot of the first two axe
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Plant weight No. of seeds per plant
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Emergence rate Plant weight No.of a
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CONCLUSION 172
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véritable s uccès ad aptatif d an
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Dans l e cas d es p remières gén
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REFERENCES Abbott RJ, Comes HP.2007
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Bing D J, D owney R K and R akow G
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carinata and Brassica rapa. Plant B
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Hybridisation within Brassica and a
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etween weedy Brassica rapa and oils
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Hybridization between oilseed rape
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Nosil P. 2008. Speciation with gene
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32:305-32 Schadler, M., R. Brandl,
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Thalmann C, Guadagnuolo R, Felber F
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Zheng XM and Ge S. 2010. Ecological
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Therefore, after a review of the st
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more easily sieved out by harvester
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Transgenic F1 produced higher bioma
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