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Table 2.4. Reproduction of h ybrids a ccording t o t he po llination mo de (BC1J a nd B C1N: backcrosses to B. juncea and B. napus, respectively). Type of progeny No. of hybrids No. of pollinated flowers Fig. 2.4. Histogram of flow c ytometry r esults a nd e stimated N ormal di stribution c urve of BC1N (empty bars) and BC1J (hatched bars). No. of seeds Backcrossing rate (%) Per-seed weight (mg) BC1J 24 4159 247 5.9 3.2 30 BC1N 22 3392 420 12.4 4.0 45 F2 32 / 238 / 3.3 39 Germination (%) 65
Characteristics of the backcrosses G1 peak values of flow cytometry results of BC1N plants were Normally distributed: N (m = 101.3, σ = 8.7, p = 0.82) (Fig. 2.4). The G1 peak values of BC1J plants also fitted a Normal law distribution, N (m = 95.6, σ = 6.7, p= 0.36), but the mean value was significantly lower than that of BC1N by 5.7 units (t = 2.9, P =0.007), very close to that of the control B. juncea parent (m = 93.7). Both direct seedling treatment and phenotype i nference f rom pr ogeny analysis of t he plants g rown i n t he f ield e xperiment s howed e xpected M endelian r atios: 3: 1 resistant:susceptible in F 2, and 1:1 for both BC1J and BC1N p lants(Table 2 .5). Some plants growing in the field and determined as susceptible produced at least one resistant descendant (Table 2.6): 13 BC1NS i ndividuals, l ater on referenced BC1NS*, s howed 0.8 ± 0.6 % resistance on a verage i n t heir pr ogeny ( 0.34 % for a ll t he BC1NS pl ants); t he 4 F 2S pl ants produced 3.6 % resistant progeny; and 2 conventional herbicide-susceptible B. napus plants had 0.13 % resistant descendants (0.007 % for all the B. napus plants). Table 2.5 Segregation of herbicide-resistant and susceptible plants in BC1N and F2, and Chisquare (χ 2 ) test against expected Mendelian segregation ratio (NS, not significant, p > 0.05) Plant type No. of plants Resistant Susceptible Expected ratio χ 2 Data of direct seedling treatment F2 166 120 46 3:1 0.65 NS BC1N 50 27 23 1:1 0.32 NS BC1J 16 8 8 1:1 0 NS Data inferred from progeny analysis F2 25 21 4 3:1 1.08 NS BC1N 62 27 35 1:1 1.03 NS 66
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UNIVERSITE DE BOURGOGNE THÈSE Pour
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REMERCIEMENTS My heartfelt thanks g
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forming many of the ideas I present
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Abstract In the framework of commer
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2.3 A rticle 2: Les r étrocroiseme
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Table 3.2. Parameters of linear reg
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experiment. BC1NS is separated into
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Fig. 4.7. Mean and standard error (
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INTRODUCTION GENERALE Dans le cadre
Page 19 and 20: chapitre 1 dressant l’état des c
Page 21 and 22: CHAPTER 1 LITERATURE REVIEW ON THE
Page 23 and 24: oilseed rape and B. oleracea is ver
Page 25 and 26: populations is reduced as the dista
Page 27 and 28: into hybrids would affect the morph
Page 29 and 30: Snow e t a l. ( 1999) f ound no f i
Page 31 and 32: 1.5 Consequences of introgression I
Page 33 and 34: more flowers and larger plant size
Page 35 and 36: Moreover, beside the introgression
Page 37 and 38: their parental plants. Moon et al.
Page 39 and 40: 2.1 Introduction CHAPTER 2 CONDITIO
Page 41 and 42: ARTICLE 1 The effect of seed size o
Page 43 and 44: plant growth was evaluated without
Page 45 and 46: These two experiments were kept wee
Page 47 and 48: interactions were found among the t
Page 49 and 50: 2006) or m ore f it t han their pa
Page 51 and 52: they b ear b eneficial t ransgenes
Page 53 and 54: Diggle PK, Abrahamson NJ, Baker RL
Page 55 and 56: Ramachandran S , B untin G D, A ll
Page 57 and 58: Table 2.2. F -values f rom a f ive-
Page 59 and 60: Days to flowering Biomass Per. of s
Page 61 and 62: 2.3 Article 2: Les rétrocroisement
Page 63 and 64: Photo.2.3. S praying chlorsulfuron
Page 65 and 66: Introduction In t he f ramework o f
Page 67 and 68: eceived p ollens f rom wild B. j un
Page 69: Statistical analysis Mean values ar
Page 73 and 74: Table 2.7. Mean (±95% CL) of plant
Page 75 and 76: plants w ith B. napus morphology t
Page 77 and 78: Productivity of the resistant proge
Page 79 and 80: References [1] A .A. Snow, D .A. A
Page 81 and 82: insight into adaptive life-history
Page 83 and 84: CHAPTER 3 EFFETS DE LA RESISTANCE A
Page 85 and 86: 3.2 A rticle 3 : S imulation d e l
Page 87 and 88: compétition et le devenir des popu
Page 89 and 90: difficult to predict. Similarly, it
Page 91 and 92: Table 3.1: ANOVA results of the eff
Page 93 and 94: Table 3.2: Parameters of linear reg
Page 95 and 96: herbivores than when exposed to Bt
Page 97 and 98: esistant hybrid populations might i
Page 99 and 100: Letourneau D .K., H agen J .A., 200
Page 101 and 102: Germination rate 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.
Page 103 and 104: 3.3 Article 4: Compétition entre p
Page 105 and 106: Introduction The invasion of transg
Page 107 and 108: Whether a popul ation w ill e volve
Page 109 and 110: while ensuring that the same ratio
Page 111 and 112: silique number, seed number, seed w
Page 113 and 114: Our ga rden e xperiments s howed t
Page 115 and 116: experiment, harsh growth conditions
Page 117 and 118: References Agrawal AA. 2004. R esis
Page 119 and 120: density- dependent c osts of vi ral
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Table 3.5. F values of the analysis
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Table 3.7. Results of Helmert contr
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Fig. 3.4. Examples of experimental
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Flowering date Seed weight Biomass
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No. viable seeds Biomass 50000 4000
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Photo 3.3. Cotton bollworm (Helicov
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Introduction Spontaneous introgress
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screening as transgenic BC2 (trBC2)
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2002), but certain studies showed n
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Acknowledgements We t hank Z hixi T
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92, 368-374. Rieseberg, LH, and Bur
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Table 3.10. F-values of three-way A
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Seed number Biomass 140 120 100 80
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CHAPTER 4 RECHERCHE DES CONSEQUENCE
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Photo 4.1. Wild radish in a herbici
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Introduction Plant divergence is ge
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or t he popul ation of wild r adish
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estimated. All the seeds of every h
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Field experiment Number of siliques
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aphanistrum from hybrids and R. sat
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competition diminished the differen
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Conner, J. K., Rice A. M., Stewart
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Rattenbury J A. 1962. C yclic h ybr
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Fig. 4.1. Four r egions where w ild
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Fig. 4.3. Flower phot os showing pe
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Fig. 4.5. Plot of the first two axe
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Plant weight No. of seeds per plant
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Emergence rate Plant weight No.of a
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CONCLUSION 172
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véritable s uccès ad aptatif d an
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Dans l e cas d es p remières gén
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REFERENCES Abbott RJ, Comes HP.2007
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Bing D J, D owney R K and R akow G
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carinata and Brassica rapa. Plant B
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Hybridisation within Brassica and a
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etween weedy Brassica rapa and oils
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Hybridization between oilseed rape
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Nosil P. 2008. Speciation with gene
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32:305-32 Schadler, M., R. Brandl,
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Thalmann C, Guadagnuolo R, Felber F
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Zheng XM and Ge S. 2010. Ecological
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Therefore, after a review of the st
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more easily sieved out by harvester
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Transgenic F1 produced higher bioma
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