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Table 2.3. M ean ( SE) o f p lant ch aracteristics f or f our pl ant t ypes i n m ulti-culture tr ial a s analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD trF1 ntrF1 mustard GT Emergence rate 0.70 (0.03) a 0.71 (0.03) a 0.63 (0.03) a 0.49 (0.03) a Days to flowering 60 (0.30) a 58 (0.29) b 52(0.29) c 61(0.32) a Biomass 22.19 (1.66) a 19.29 (1.46) a 5.52 (0.51) c 12.54 (1.04) b Seed number 340 (35) b 231(20) b 1799(185) a 1901(181) a Reproductive allocation 13.13 (1.28) c 14.65 (2.81) c 427.62 (93.8) a 128.51 (6.21) b Seed weight 0.38 (0.05) c 0.22 (0.02) d 1.73 (0.20) b 4.29 (0.39) a Thousand-seed weight 1.03 (0.03) b 0.96 (0.02) b 0.84 (0.02) c 2.22 (0.06) a % of large seeds 0.77 (0.01) a 0.72 (0.02) ab 0.01 (0.00) c 0.54 (0.03) b % of m edium seeds 0.09 (0.01) b 0.09 (0.01) b 0.10 (0.01) b 0.32 (0.02) a % of small seeds 0.14 (0.01) b 0.19 (0.02) b 0.89 (0.01) a 0.14 (0.02) c trF1: t ransgenic h ybrids f ormed be tween t ransgenic oi lseed r ape ( GT) and Brassica j uncea (mustard); nont rF1: non -transgenic h ybrids f ormed be tween non -transgenic o ilseed r ape ‘Westar’ and B. juncea (mustard); mustard: wild mustard (B. juncea); GT: transgenic oilseed rape. Different letters within a column indicate significantly different value at p
Days to flowering Biomass Per. of small seeds 72 70 68 66 64 62 60 58 56 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 b a b ab a ab a a a b a b a a a low medium Density high a a a b a a a a Large Medium Small a a Large Medium Small a a No. of flowers Seed number Thousand seeds weight 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 a a a a a b a a b a a a ab a a low medium Density high b a a a a a a a a a a a Fig. 2.1. ANOVA a nd T ukey’s HSD t est r esults of c omparing t he m ean va lues of pl ant characteristics among t hree s eed categories o f wild B. j uncea at th ree p lant d ensities in monoculture trial. Each group bars represent three seed categories (large, medium and small, from left to right) for a given plant <strong>de</strong>nsity. Different letters within a <strong>de</strong>nsity level indicate significantly different values from Tukey’s HSD test at p
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UNIVERSITE DE BOURGOGNE THÈSE Pour
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REMERCIEMENTS My heartfelt thanks g
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forming many of the ideas I present
Page 7 and 8: Abstract In the framework of commer
Page 9 and 10: 2.3 A rticle 2: Les r étrocroiseme
Page 11 and 12: Table 3.2. Parameters of linear reg
Page 13 and 14: experiment. BC1NS is separated into
Page 15 and 16: Fig. 4.7. Mean and standard error (
Page 17 and 18: INTRODUCTION GENERALE Dans le cadre
Page 19 and 20: chapitre 1 dressant l’état des c
Page 21 and 22: CHAPTER 1 LITERATURE REVIEW ON THE
Page 23 and 24: oilseed rape and B. oleracea is ver
Page 25 and 26: populations is reduced as the dista
Page 27 and 28: into hybrids would affect the morph
Page 29 and 30: Snow e t a l. ( 1999) f ound no f i
Page 31 and 32: 1.5 Consequences of introgression I
Page 33 and 34: more flowers and larger plant size
Page 35 and 36: Moreover, beside the introgression
Page 37 and 38: their parental plants. Moon et al.
Page 39 and 40: 2.1 Introduction CHAPTER 2 CONDITIO
Page 41 and 42: ARTICLE 1 The effect of seed size o
Page 43 and 44: plant growth was evaluated without
Page 45 and 46: These two experiments were kept wee
Page 47 and 48: interactions were found among the t
Page 49 and 50: 2006) or m ore f it t han their pa
Page 51 and 52: they b ear b eneficial t ransgenes
Page 53 and 54: Diggle PK, Abrahamson NJ, Baker RL
Page 55 and 56: Ramachandran S , B untin G D, A ll
Page 57: Table 2.2. F -values f rom a f ive-
Page 61 and 62: 2.3 Article 2: Les rétrocroisement
Page 63 and 64: Photo.2.3. S praying chlorsulfuron
Page 65 and 66: Introduction In t he f ramework o f
Page 67 and 68: eceived p ollens f rom wild B. j un
Page 69 and 70: Statistical analysis Mean values ar
Page 71 and 72: Characteristics of the backcrosses
Page 73 and 74: Table 2.7. Mean (±95% CL) of plant
Page 75 and 76: plants w ith B. napus morphology t
Page 77 and 78: Productivity of the resistant proge
Page 79 and 80: References [1] A .A. Snow, D .A. A
Page 81 and 82: insight into adaptive life-history
Page 83 and 84: CHAPTER 3 EFFETS DE LA RESISTANCE A
Page 85 and 86: 3.2 A rticle 3 : S imulation d e l
Page 87 and 88: compétition et le devenir des popu
Page 89 and 90: difficult to predict. Similarly, it
Page 91 and 92: Table 3.1: ANOVA results of the eff
Page 93 and 94: Table 3.2: Parameters of linear reg
Page 95 and 96: herbivores than when exposed to Bt
Page 97 and 98: esistant hybrid populations might i
Page 99 and 100: Letourneau D .K., H agen J .A., 200
Page 101 and 102: Germination rate 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.
Page 103 and 104: 3.3 Article 4: Compétition entre p
Page 105 and 106: Introduction The invasion of transg
Page 107 and 108: Whether a popul ation w ill e volve
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while ensuring that the same ratio
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silique number, seed number, seed w
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Our ga rden e xperiments s howed t
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experiment, harsh growth conditions
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References Agrawal AA. 2004. R esis
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density- dependent c osts of vi ral
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Table 3.5. F values of the analysis
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Table 3.7. Results of Helmert contr
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Fig. 3.4. Examples of experimental
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Flowering date Seed weight Biomass
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No. viable seeds Biomass 50000 4000
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Photo 3.3. Cotton bollworm (Helicov
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Introduction Spontaneous introgress
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screening as transgenic BC2 (trBC2)
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2002), but certain studies showed n
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Acknowledgements We t hank Z hixi T
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92, 368-374. Rieseberg, LH, and Bur
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Table 3.10. F-values of three-way A
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Seed number Biomass 140 120 100 80
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CHAPTER 4 RECHERCHE DES CONSEQUENCE
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Photo 4.1. Wild radish in a herbici
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Introduction Plant divergence is ge
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or t he popul ation of wild r adish
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estimated. All the seeds of every h
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Field experiment Number of siliques
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aphanistrum from hybrids and R. sat
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competition diminished the differen
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Conner, J. K., Rice A. M., Stewart
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Rattenbury J A. 1962. C yclic h ybr
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Fig. 4.1. Four r egions where w ild
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Fig. 4.3. Flower phot os showing pe
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Fig. 4.5. Plot of the first two axe
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Plant weight No. of seeds per plant
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Emergence rate Plant weight No.of a
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CONCLUSION 172
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véritable s uccès ad aptatif d an
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Dans l e cas d es p remières gén
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REFERENCES Abbott RJ, Comes HP.2007
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Bing D J, D owney R K and R akow G
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carinata and Brassica rapa. Plant B
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Hybridisation within Brassica and a
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etween weedy Brassica rapa and oils
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Hybridization between oilseed rape
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Nosil P. 2008. Speciation with gene
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32:305-32 Schadler, M., R. Brandl,
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Thalmann C, Guadagnuolo R, Felber F
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Zheng XM and Ge S. 2010. Ecological
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Therefore, after a review of the st
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more easily sieved out by harvester
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Transgenic F1 produced higher bioma
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