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有志者,事竟成 Quand on veut, on peut Where there is a will, there is a way ii
REMERCIEMENTS My heartfelt thanks go to my supervisor Dr. Henri Darmency (INRA, Dijon) for his gentle encouragement, e nthusiasm, a nd i nsightful g uidance t hroughout m y P h.D. s tudies a t B GA INRA, Dijon. I am also extremely fortunate to have other two supervisors Professor Keping Ma and Dr. Wei Wei, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (IBCAS) during the past six years. I give my special thanks to Prof. Ma who enrolled me as a Ph.D. student to continue my favorite science research after finishing my master study. My sincere thanks also go to Dr. Wei who gave me the chance to come to study in France for his tireless assistance and constant support in China. I would also like to thank all the members of my thesis jury, Joelle Ronfort, François Felber, F rançois Bretagnolle, Jane Lecomte, N eal S tewart J r. f or t heir critical r eading an d valuable suggestions on my thesis. My sincere thanks go to the secretaries in Biologie et Gestion des Adventices, INRA (Claudine C hotel, E mmanuelle Ferrand and S andrine G eslain), a nd i n t he U niversity o f Burgundy (Daouya Commaret and Josette Théry), as well as those in IBCAS (Jianfeng Zhao, Haiyan W u a nd Wenjuan Z hang) w ho pl ayed f undamental r oles i n t he s uccess of t hese projects. I w ish give m y special t hanks t o D enise S auvadet ( Responsable du S ervice de s Relations Internationales, CNOUS, Dijon) for her kind help in my scholarship in France. I w ish t o t hank a ll c olleagues i n t he r esearch group of B GA, INRA f or t heir i deas, suggestions, and a ssistance: X avier R eboud, Fabrice D essaint, N athalie C olach, J acques Gasquez, B runo C hauvel, Louis A ssémat, N athalie G randgirard, François B retagnolle, Nicolas M unier-Jolain, S andrine P etit, C hristian G auvrit, Sabrina G aba, Delphine M oreau, Jean-Philippe Guillemin, Catherine Cardinal-legrand, Stéphanie Gibot-leclerc, Sylvie Granger, i
Page 1: UNIVERSITE DE BOURGOGNE THÈSE Pour
Page 5 and 6: forming many of the ideas I present
Page 7 and 8: Abstract In the framework of commer
Page 9 and 10: 2.3 A rticle 2: Les r étrocroiseme
Page 11 and 12: Table 3.2. Parameters of linear reg
Page 13 and 14: experiment. BC1NS is separated into
Page 15 and 16: Fig. 4.7. Mean and standard error (
Page 17 and 18: INTRODUCTION GENERALE Dans le cadre
Page 19 and 20: chapitre 1 dressant l’état des c
Page 21 and 22: CHAPTER 1 LITERATURE REVIEW ON THE
Page 23 and 24: oilseed rape and B. oleracea is ver
Page 25 and 26: populations is reduced as the dista
Page 27 and 28: into hybrids would affect the morph
Page 29 and 30: Snow e t a l. ( 1999) f ound no f i
Page 31 and 32: 1.5 Consequences of introgression I
Page 33 and 34: more flowers and larger plant size
Page 35 and 36: Moreover, beside the introgression
Page 37 and 38: their parental plants. Moon et al.
Page 39 and 40: 2.1 Introduction CHAPTER 2 CONDITIO
Page 41 and 42: ARTICLE 1 The effect of seed size o
Page 43 and 44: plant growth was evaluated without
Page 45 and 46: These two experiments were kept wee
Page 47 and 48: interactions were found among the t
Page 49 and 50: 2006) or m ore f it t han their pa
Page 51 and 52: they b ear b eneficial t ransgenes
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Diggle PK, Abrahamson NJ, Baker RL
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Ramachandran S , B untin G D, A ll
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Table 2.2. F -values f rom a f ive-
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Days to flowering Biomass Per. of s
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2.3 Article 2: Les rétrocroisement
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Photo.2.3. S praying chlorsulfuron
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Introduction In t he f ramework o f
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eceived p ollens f rom wild B. j un
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Statistical analysis Mean values ar
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Characteristics of the backcrosses
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Table 2.7. Mean (±95% CL) of plant
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plants w ith B. napus morphology t
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Productivity of the resistant proge
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References [1] A .A. Snow, D .A. A
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insight into adaptive life-history
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CHAPTER 3 EFFETS DE LA RESISTANCE A
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3.2 A rticle 3 : S imulation d e l
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compétition et le devenir des popu
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difficult to predict. Similarly, it
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Table 3.1: ANOVA results of the eff
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Table 3.2: Parameters of linear reg
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herbivores than when exposed to Bt
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esistant hybrid populations might i
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Letourneau D .K., H agen J .A., 200
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Germination rate 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.
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3.3 Article 4: Compétition entre p
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Introduction The invasion of transg
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Whether a popul ation w ill e volve
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while ensuring that the same ratio
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silique number, seed number, seed w
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Our ga rden e xperiments s howed t
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experiment, harsh growth conditions
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References Agrawal AA. 2004. R esis
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density- dependent c osts of vi ral
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Table 3.5. F values of the analysis
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Table 3.7. Results of Helmert contr
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Fig. 3.4. Examples of experimental
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Flowering date Seed weight Biomass
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No. viable seeds Biomass 50000 4000
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Photo 3.3. Cotton bollworm (Helicov
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Introduction Spontaneous introgress
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screening as transgenic BC2 (trBC2)
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2002), but certain studies showed n
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Acknowledgements We t hank Z hixi T
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92, 368-374. Rieseberg, LH, and Bur
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Table 3.10. F-values of three-way A
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Seed number Biomass 140 120 100 80
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CHAPTER 4 RECHERCHE DES CONSEQUENCE
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Photo 4.1. Wild radish in a herbici
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Introduction Plant divergence is ge
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or t he popul ation of wild r adish
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estimated. All the seeds of every h
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Field experiment Number of siliques
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aphanistrum from hybrids and R. sat
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competition diminished the differen
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Conner, J. K., Rice A. M., Stewart
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Rattenbury J A. 1962. C yclic h ybr
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Fig. 4.1. Four r egions where w ild
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Fig. 4.3. Flower phot os showing pe
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Fig. 4.5. Plot of the first two axe
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Plant weight No. of seeds per plant
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Emergence rate Plant weight No.of a
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CONCLUSION 172
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véritable s uccès ad aptatif d an
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Dans l e cas d es p remières gén
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REFERENCES Abbott RJ, Comes HP.2007
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Bing D J, D owney R K and R akow G
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carinata and Brassica rapa. Plant B
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Hybridisation within Brassica and a
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etween weedy Brassica rapa and oils
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Hybridization between oilseed rape
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Nosil P. 2008. Speciation with gene
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32:305-32 Schadler, M., R. Brandl,
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Thalmann C, Guadagnuolo R, Felber F
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Zheng XM and Ge S. 2010. Ecological
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Therefore, after a review of the st
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more easily sieved out by harvester
Page 207 and 208:
Transgenic F1 produced higher bioma
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