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Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 107: 528–539. Wei, W., & Darmency, H. 2008. G ene flow hampered b y low seed size of hybrids between oilseed rape and five wild relatives. Seed Science Research, 18: 115–123. Weis A .E., H ochberg M.E., 2000. T he di verse e ffects of i ntraspecific c ompetition on t he selective advantage to resistance: a model and its predictions. American Naturalist, 156: 276–292. Westoby, M ., F alster, D .S., M oles, A .T., Vesk, P.A. a nd Wright, I.J. 2002. Plant eco logical strategies: s ome l eading di mensions of va riation be tween s pecies. A nnual R eview of Ecology and Systematics, 33: 125–159. Whitney, K . D ., R . A . R andell, a nd L. H . R ieseberg. 2006. Adaptive i ntrogression of herbivore resistance t raits i n t he w eedy sunflower H elianthus a nnuus. A merican Naturalist, 167:794–807. Whitton J, Wolf DE, Arias DM, Snow AA, Rieseberg LH. 1997. T he persistence of cultivar alleles in w ild p opulations of s unflowers five generations a fter h ybridization. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 95: 33–40. Williams IH, Martin AP, Kelm M . 1987. T he phenology of t he e mergence of Brassica pod midge (Dasineura-brassicae winn) and its infestation of spring oilseed rape (Brassica- napus l). Journal of Agricultural Science, 109: 309-314 Worede M. 1986. Conservation and utilization of annual oilseed genetic resources in Ethiopia. In: The Third Oil Crops Network Workshop (IAR/IDRC), Addis Ababa, October 6–10 1986, pp. 193-205. IDRC, Canada. Yang R C, T hiagarajah MR, B ansal V K, S tringam G R, R ahman M H. 2006. D etecting a nd estimating s egregation distortion a nd l inkage be tween glufosinate t olerance and blackleg resistance in Brassica napus L. Euphytica 148: 217–225. Yoshimura Y, Bechie HJ and Matsuo K. 2006. Transgenic oilseed rape along transportation routes and port of Vancouver in western Canada. Environ. Biosafety Res. 5: 2-9 Zapiola ML, Campbell CK, Butler MD, Mallory-Smith CA. 2008. Escape and establishment of t ransgenic glyphosate-resistant c reeping be ntgrass A grostis s tolonifera i n O regon, USA: a 4-year study. The Journal of Applied Ecology 45: 486–494. Zhang B , Lu C M, K akihara F. a nd K ato M . 2002. E ffect of genome c omposition a nd cytoplasm on pe tal colour i n r esynthesized a mphidiploids a nd s esquidiploids de rived from crosses between Brassica rapa and Brassica oleracea. Plant Breeding, 121: 297- 300 195
Zheng XM and Ge S. 2010. Ecological divergence in the presence of gene flow in two closely related Oryza species (Oryza rufipogon and O. nivara). Molecular Ecology, 19: 2439– 2454 Zhu B, Lawrence J R, Warwick S I, M ason P, Braun L, H alfhill M D, Stewart C N J r. 2004. Inheritance of GFP-Bt transgenes from Brassica napus in backcrosses with three wild B. rapa accessions. Environmental Biosafety Research 3: 45–54. 196
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UNIVERSITE DE BOURGOGNE THÈSE Pour
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REMERCIEMENTS My heartfelt thanks g
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forming many of the ideas I present
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Abstract In the framework of commer
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2.3 A rticle 2: Les r étrocroiseme
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Table 3.2. Parameters of linear reg
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experiment. BC1NS is separated into
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Fig. 4.7. Mean and standard error (
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INTRODUCTION GENERALE Dans le cadre
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chapitre 1 dressant l’état des c
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CHAPTER 1 LITERATURE REVIEW ON THE
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oilseed rape and B. oleracea is ver
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populations is reduced as the dista
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into hybrids would affect the morph
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Snow e t a l. ( 1999) f ound no f i
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1.5 Consequences of introgression I
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more flowers and larger plant size
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Moreover, beside the introgression
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their parental plants. Moon et al.
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2.1 Introduction CHAPTER 2 CONDITIO
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ARTICLE 1 The effect of seed size o
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plant growth was evaluated without
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These two experiments were kept wee
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interactions were found among the t
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2006) or m ore f it t han their pa
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they b ear b eneficial t ransgenes
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Diggle PK, Abrahamson NJ, Baker RL
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Ramachandran S , B untin G D, A ll
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Table 2.2. F -values f rom a f ive-
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Days to flowering Biomass Per. of s
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2.3 Article 2: Les rétrocroisement
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Photo.2.3. S praying chlorsulfuron
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Introduction In t he f ramework o f
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eceived p ollens f rom wild B. j un
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Statistical analysis Mean values ar
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Characteristics of the backcrosses
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Table 2.7. Mean (±95% CL) of plant
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plants w ith B. napus morphology t
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Productivity of the resistant proge
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References [1] A .A. Snow, D .A. A
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insight into adaptive life-history
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CHAPTER 3 EFFETS DE LA RESISTANCE A
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3.2 A rticle 3 : S imulation d e l
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compétition et le devenir des popu
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difficult to predict. Similarly, it
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Table 3.1: ANOVA results of the eff
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Table 3.2: Parameters of linear reg
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herbivores than when exposed to Bt
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esistant hybrid populations might i
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Letourneau D .K., H agen J .A., 200
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Germination rate 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.
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3.3 Article 4: Compétition entre p
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Introduction The invasion of transg
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Whether a popul ation w ill e volve
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while ensuring that the same ratio
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silique number, seed number, seed w
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Our ga rden e xperiments s howed t
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experiment, harsh growth conditions
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References Agrawal AA. 2004. R esis
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density- dependent c osts of vi ral
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Table 3.5. F values of the analysis
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Table 3.7. Results of Helmert contr
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Fig. 3.4. Examples of experimental
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Flowering date Seed weight Biomass
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No. viable seeds Biomass 50000 4000
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Photo 3.3. Cotton bollworm (Helicov
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Introduction Spontaneous introgress
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screening as transgenic BC2 (trBC2)
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2002), but certain studies showed n
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Acknowledgements We t hank Z hixi T
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92, 368-374. Rieseberg, LH, and Bur
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Table 3.10. F-values of three-way A
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Seed number Biomass 140 120 100 80
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CHAPTER 4 RECHERCHE DES CONSEQUENCE
Page 149 and 150: Photo 4.1. Wild radish in a herbici
Page 151 and 152: Introduction Plant divergence is ge
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Page 155 and 156: estimated. All the seeds of every h
Page 157 and 158: Field experiment Number of siliques
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Page 163 and 164: Conner, J. K., Rice A. M., Stewart
Page 165 and 166: Rattenbury J A. 1962. C yclic h ybr
Page 167 and 168: Fig. 4.1. Four r egions where w ild
Page 169 and 170: Fig. 4.3. Flower phot os showing pe
Page 171 and 172: Fig. 4.5. Plot of the first two axe
Page 173 and 174: Plant weight No. of seeds per plant
Page 175 and 176: Emergence rate Plant weight No.of a
Page 177 and 178: CONCLUSION 172
Page 179 and 180: véritable s uccès ad aptatif d an
Page 181 and 182: Dans l e cas d es p remières gén
Page 183 and 184: REFERENCES Abbott RJ, Comes HP.2007
Page 185 and 186: Bing D J, D owney R K and R akow G
Page 187 and 188: carinata and Brassica rapa. Plant B
Page 189 and 190: Hybridisation within Brassica and a
Page 191 and 192: etween weedy Brassica rapa and oils
Page 193 and 194: Hybridization between oilseed rape
Page 195 and 196: Nosil P. 2008. Speciation with gene
Page 197 and 198: 32:305-32 Schadler, M., R. Brandl,
Page 199: Thalmann C, Guadagnuolo R, Felber F
Page 203 and 204: Therefore, after a review of the st
Page 205 and 206: more easily sieved out by harvester
Page 207 and 208: Transgenic F1 produced higher bioma
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