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Rattenbury J A. 1962. C yclic h ybridization as a survival m echanism i n New Zealand forest flora. Evolution, 16: 348–363. Rieger M A, Lamond M , P reston C a nd Powles S B, R oush R T. 2 002. P ollen-Mediated movement o f h erbicide r esistance b etween co mmercial can ola F ields. S cience 2 96, 2386-2388 Rieger M A, P otter T D, Preston C a nd P owles S B. 2001. H ybridization be tween Brassica napus L. and Raphqnus raphqnistrum L. under agronomic field conditions. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 103: 555-560 Rieger MA, Preston C, and Powles SB.1999. Risks of gene flow from transgenic herbicide- resistant can ola ( Brassica napus ) t o w eedy r elatives i n s outhern A ustralian c ropping systems. Aust. J. Agric. Res., 50, 115-128 Rieseberg, L.H, A rcher M .A, a nd W ayne R K. 1 999. T ransgressive s egregation, a daptation and speciation. Heredity, 83:363–372. Rieseberg, LH, and Burke JM. 2001. T he biological reality of species: gene flow, selection, and collective evolution. Taxon, 50: 47-67 Rodrfguez M. A., Brown V.e K. 1998. P lant competition and slug herbivory: effects on t he yield and biomass allocation pattern of Poa annua L. Acta Oecogica 19: 37-46 Rogers WE, and Siemann E. 2002. Effects of simulated herbivory and resource availability on native and invasive exotic tree seedlings. Basical and Appllied Ecology, 3: 297-307 Ross-Ibarra J, Tenaillon M, Gaut BS. 2009. Historical divergence and gene flow in the genus Zea. Genetics, 181, 1399–1413. Roy N .N., 1978. S tudy on di sease v ariartion i n popul ations of a n i nterspecific c ross of Brassica-juncea X B. napus. Euphytica, 27, 145-149. Sahli H F., C onner J K., S haw F H., H owe S a nd Lale A . 2008. A daptive D ifferentiation of Quantitative T raits in th e G lobally D istributed W eed, W ild R adish ( Raphanus raphanistrum). Genetics 180: 945–955 Saji H , N akajima N , A ono M , Tamaoki M , K ubo A , Wakiyama S , Hatase Y, N agatsu M (2005) M onitoring t he escape o f t ransgenic oi lseed r ape a round J apanese por ts a nd roadsides. Environ. Biosafety Res. 4: 217–222 Sakai AK, Allendorf FW, Holt JS, David M. Lodge DM, Molofsky J, With KA, Baughman S, Cabin RJ, Cohen JE, Ellstrand NC, McCauley DE, O’Neil P, Parker IM, Thompson JN, Weller S J. 2001. T he popul ation bi ology of i nvasive s pecies. A nnu. R ev. E col. S yst. 191
32:305–32 Schadler, M., R. Brandl, Haase J. (2007). Antagonistic interactions between plant competition and insect herbivory. Ecology 88: 1490-1498. Scheffler J A, P arkinson R, a nd D ale P J. 1993. Frequency a nd di stance of pol len di spersal frpm transgenic oilseed rape (Brassica napus). Transgenic Research, 2: 356-364 Scheffler J A. 1995. E valuating t he e ffectiveness of isolation d istances f or f iled p lots o f oilseed r ape ( Brassica napus ) us ing a he rbicide-reistance t ransgene as a s electable marker. Plant Breeding, 114: 317-321 Schelfhout CJ, Snowdon R, Cowling WA, Wroth JM. 2006. Tracing B-genome chromatin in Brassica napus x B. juncea interspecific progeny. Genome 49:1490-1497. Schooler S, Baron Z, M Julien M. 2006. Effect of simulated and actual herbivory on alligator weed,Alternanthera philoxeroides, growth and reproduction. Biological Control 36: 74– 79 Simard M.-J., Légère A., Pageau D., Lajeunesse J. & Warwick S. 2002. The frequency and persistence of vol unteer c anola ( Brassica n apus) i n Q uébec c ropping s ystems. Weed Technol. 16, 433–439. Snogerup S, Gustafsson M, von B othmer R. 1990. Brassica sect. Brassica (Brassicaceae) 1. Taxonomy and variation. Willdenowia, 19: 271–365. Snow A. A. , Culley T. M., Campbell L. G., Sweeney P. M., Hegde S. G. and Ellstrand N. C. 2010. L ong-term p ersistence o f c rop a lleles i n w eedy populations o f w ild r adish (Raphanus raphanistrum). New Phytologist, 186: 537–548 Snow AA, Andow DA, Gepts P, Hallerman EM, Power A, Tiedje JM, Wolfenbarger LL. 2005. Genetically engineered o rganisms and t he en vironment: current s tatus an d recommendations. Ecological Applications 15: 377–404. Snow AA, Pilson D, Rieseberg LH, Paulsen MJ, Pleskac N, Reagon MR, Wolf DE, Selbo SM. 2003. A B t t ransgene reduces he rbivory and e nhances f ecundity i n w ild s unflowers. Ecological Applications 13: 279– 286. Snow A A, U thus K L, C ulley T M. 2001. F itness of h ybrids be tween weedy and cu ltivated radish: implications for weed evolution. Ecological Applications 11: 934–943. Snow, A . A ., B . A ndersen, a nd R . B . Jorgensen. 1999. Costs of t ransgenic he rbicide resistance introgressed from Brassica napus into weedy B. rapa. Molecular Ecology, 8: 605–615. Song XL, Huangfu CH, Qiang S. 2007. Gene flow from transgenic glufosinate- or glyphosate- 192
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UNIVERSITE DE BOURGOGNE THÈSE Pour
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REMERCIEMENTS My heartfelt thanks g
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forming many of the ideas I present
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Abstract In the framework of commer
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2.3 A rticle 2: Les r étrocroiseme
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Table 3.2. Parameters of linear reg
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experiment. BC1NS is separated into
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Fig. 4.7. Mean and standard error (
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INTRODUCTION GENERALE Dans le cadre
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chapitre 1 dressant l’état des c
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CHAPTER 1 LITERATURE REVIEW ON THE
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oilseed rape and B. oleracea is ver
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populations is reduced as the dista
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into hybrids would affect the morph
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Snow e t a l. ( 1999) f ound no f i
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1.5 Consequences of introgression I
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more flowers and larger plant size
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Moreover, beside the introgression
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their parental plants. Moon et al.
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2.1 Introduction CHAPTER 2 CONDITIO
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ARTICLE 1 The effect of seed size o
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plant growth was evaluated without
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These two experiments were kept wee
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interactions were found among the t
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2006) or m ore f it t han their pa
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they b ear b eneficial t ransgenes
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Diggle PK, Abrahamson NJ, Baker RL
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Ramachandran S , B untin G D, A ll
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Table 2.2. F -values f rom a f ive-
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Days to flowering Biomass Per. of s
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2.3 Article 2: Les rétrocroisement
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Photo.2.3. S praying chlorsulfuron
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Introduction In t he f ramework o f
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eceived p ollens f rom wild B. j un
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Statistical analysis Mean values ar
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Characteristics of the backcrosses
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Table 2.7. Mean (±95% CL) of plant
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plants w ith B. napus morphology t
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Productivity of the resistant proge
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References [1] A .A. Snow, D .A. A
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insight into adaptive life-history
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CHAPTER 3 EFFETS DE LA RESISTANCE A
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3.2 A rticle 3 : S imulation d e l
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compétition et le devenir des popu
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difficult to predict. Similarly, it
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Table 3.1: ANOVA results of the eff
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Table 3.2: Parameters of linear reg
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herbivores than when exposed to Bt
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esistant hybrid populations might i
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Letourneau D .K., H agen J .A., 200
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Germination rate 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.
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3.3 Article 4: Compétition entre p
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Introduction The invasion of transg
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Whether a popul ation w ill e volve
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while ensuring that the same ratio
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silique number, seed number, seed w
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Our ga rden e xperiments s howed t
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experiment, harsh growth conditions
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References Agrawal AA. 2004. R esis
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density- dependent c osts of vi ral
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Table 3.5. F values of the analysis
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Table 3.7. Results of Helmert contr
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Fig. 3.4. Examples of experimental
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Flowering date Seed weight Biomass
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No. viable seeds Biomass 50000 4000
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Photo 3.3. Cotton bollworm (Helicov
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Introduction Spontaneous introgress
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screening as transgenic BC2 (trBC2)
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2002), but certain studies showed n
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Acknowledgements We t hank Z hixi T
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92, 368-374. Rieseberg, LH, and Bur
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Table 3.10. F-values of three-way A
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Page 147 and 148: CHAPTER 4 RECHERCHE DES CONSEQUENCE
Page 149 and 150: Photo 4.1. Wild radish in a herbici
Page 151 and 152: Introduction Plant divergence is ge
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Page 155 and 156: estimated. All the seeds of every h
Page 157 and 158: Field experiment Number of siliques
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Page 161 and 162: competition diminished the differen
Page 163 and 164: Conner, J. K., Rice A. M., Stewart
Page 165 and 166: Rattenbury J A. 1962. C yclic h ybr
Page 167 and 168: Fig. 4.1. Four r egions where w ild
Page 169 and 170: Fig. 4.3. Flower phot os showing pe
Page 171 and 172: Fig. 4.5. Plot of the first two axe
Page 173 and 174: Plant weight No. of seeds per plant
Page 175 and 176: Emergence rate Plant weight No.of a
Page 177 and 178: CONCLUSION 172
Page 179 and 180: véritable s uccès ad aptatif d an
Page 181 and 182: Dans l e cas d es p remières gén
Page 183 and 184: REFERENCES Abbott RJ, Comes HP.2007
Page 185 and 186: Bing D J, D owney R K and R akow G
Page 187 and 188: carinata and Brassica rapa. Plant B
Page 189 and 190: Hybridisation within Brassica and a
Page 191 and 192: etween weedy Brassica rapa and oils
Page 193 and 194: Hybridization between oilseed rape
Page 195: Nosil P. 2008. Speciation with gene
Page 199 and 200: Thalmann C, Guadagnuolo R, Felber F
Page 201 and 202: Zheng XM and Ge S. 2010. Ecological
Page 203 and 204: Therefore, after a review of the st
Page 205 and 206: more easily sieved out by harvester
Page 207 and 208: Transgenic F1 produced higher bioma
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