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adish (Raphanus raphanistrum). Molecular Ecology, 11: 1419–1426. Gulden, R . H ., T homas A. G., a nd S hirtliffe S . J . 2003. S econdary s eeddormancy pr olongs persistence of volunteer canola (Brassica napus) in western Canada. Weed Sci. 51:904– 913. Haag, J. J., M. D. Coupe, Chahill JF. 2004. Antagonistic interactions between competition and insect herbivory on plant growth. Journal of Ecology 92: 156-167. Hails R S a nd M orley K. 2005. G enes i nvading n ew popul ations: a r isk assessment perspective. TRENDS in Ecology and Evolution, 20: 245-252 Halfhill M D, G ood LL, Basu C , Burris J , M ain Cr L, M ueller T C , Stewart C N J r . 2007. Transformation a nd s egregation of G FP f luorescence and g lyphosate resistance i n horseweed (Conyza canadensis) hybrids. Plant Cell Reports 26:303–311. Halfhill MD, Richards HA, Mabon SA and Stewart CN, Jr. 2001. E xpression of GFP and Bt transgenes in Brassica napus and hybridization with Brassica rapa. Theor Appl Genet, 103:659–667. Halfhill MD, Sutherland JP, Moon HS, Poppy GM, Warwick SI, Weissinger AK, Rufty TW, Raymer P L, S tewart CN. 2005. Growth, pr oductivity, and c ompetitiveness of introgressed weedy Brassica rapa hybrids selected for the presence of Bt cry1Ac and gfp transgenes. Mol. Ecol. 14: 3177–3189 Hall L., T opinka K ., H uffman J ., D avis L. 20 00. P ollen f low b etween he rbicide-resistant Brassica napus is th e cause o f mu ltiple-resistant B. napus volunteers. Weed S cience, 48:688–694 Hambäck, P. A ., a nd A. P. B eckerman. 2003. H erbivory a nd pl ant r esource c ompetition: a review of two interacting interactions. Oikos 101:26–37. Hammer K a nd P errino P. 1995. P lant g enetic r esources i n S outh Italy and S icily—studies toward i n s itu a nd on -farm co nservation. IPGRI P lant G enetic R esources N ewsletter, 103, 19–23. Hansen LB, S iegismund H R a nd J ørgensen R B. 2001. Introgression be tween oi lseed r ape (Brassica n apus L.) and its weedy relative B. rapa L. in a n atural population. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 48: 621–627 Hauser T.P, Shaw R.G., Østergård H. 1998. Fitness of F1 hybrids between weedy Brassica rapa and oilseed rape (B. napus). Heredity, 81: 429–435. Hauser, T. P., Jorgensen, R. B., & Ostergard, H. 1998. Fitness of backcross and F2 h ybrids 185
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Page 1 and 2:
UNIVERSITE DE BOURGOGNE THÈSE Pour
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REMERCIEMENTS My heartfelt thanks g
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forming many of the ideas I present
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Abstract In the framework of commer
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2.3 A rticle 2: Les r étrocroiseme
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Table 3.2. Parameters of linear reg
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experiment. BC1NS is separated into
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Fig. 4.7. Mean and standard error (
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INTRODUCTION GENERALE Dans le cadre
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chapitre 1 dressant l’état des c
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CHAPTER 1 LITERATURE REVIEW ON THE
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oilseed rape and B. oleracea is ver
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populations is reduced as the dista
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into hybrids would affect the morph
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Snow e t a l. ( 1999) f ound no f i
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1.5 Consequences of introgression I
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more flowers and larger plant size
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Moreover, beside the introgression
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their parental plants. Moon et al.
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2.1 Introduction CHAPTER 2 CONDITIO
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ARTICLE 1 The effect of seed size o
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plant growth was evaluated without
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These two experiments were kept wee
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interactions were found among the t
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2006) or m ore f it t han their pa
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they b ear b eneficial t ransgenes
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Diggle PK, Abrahamson NJ, Baker RL
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Ramachandran S , B untin G D, A ll
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Table 2.2. F -values f rom a f ive-
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Days to flowering Biomass Per. of s
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2.3 Article 2: Les rétrocroisement
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Photo.2.3. S praying chlorsulfuron
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Introduction In t he f ramework o f
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eceived p ollens f rom wild B. j un
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Statistical analysis Mean values ar
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Characteristics of the backcrosses
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Table 2.7. Mean (±95% CL) of plant
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plants w ith B. napus morphology t
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Productivity of the resistant proge
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References [1] A .A. Snow, D .A. A
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insight into adaptive life-history
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CHAPTER 3 EFFETS DE LA RESISTANCE A
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3.2 A rticle 3 : S imulation d e l
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compétition et le devenir des popu
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difficult to predict. Similarly, it
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Table 3.1: ANOVA results of the eff
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Table 3.2: Parameters of linear reg
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herbivores than when exposed to Bt
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esistant hybrid populations might i
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Letourneau D .K., H agen J .A., 200
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Germination rate 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.
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3.3 Article 4: Compétition entre p
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Introduction The invasion of transg
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Whether a popul ation w ill e volve
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while ensuring that the same ratio
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silique number, seed number, seed w
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Our ga rden e xperiments s howed t
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experiment, harsh growth conditions
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References Agrawal AA. 2004. R esis
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density- dependent c osts of vi ral
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Table 3.5. F values of the analysis
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Table 3.7. Results of Helmert contr
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Fig. 3.4. Examples of experimental
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Flowering date Seed weight Biomass
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No. viable seeds Biomass 50000 4000
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Photo 3.3. Cotton bollworm (Helicov
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Introduction Spontaneous introgress
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screening as transgenic BC2 (trBC2)
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2002), but certain studies showed n
Page 139 and 140: Acknowledgements We t hank Z hixi T
Page 141 and 142: 92, 368-374. Rieseberg, LH, and Bur
Page 143 and 144: Table 3.10. F-values of three-way A
Page 145 and 146: Seed number Biomass 140 120 100 80
Page 147 and 148: CHAPTER 4 RECHERCHE DES CONSEQUENCE
Page 149 and 150: Photo 4.1. Wild radish in a herbici
Page 151 and 152: Introduction Plant divergence is ge
Page 153 and 154: or t he popul ation of wild r adish
Page 155 and 156: estimated. All the seeds of every h
Page 157 and 158: Field experiment Number of siliques
Page 159 and 160: aphanistrum from hybrids and R. sat
Page 161 and 162: competition diminished the differen
Page 163 and 164: Conner, J. K., Rice A. M., Stewart
Page 165 and 166: Rattenbury J A. 1962. C yclic h ybr
Page 167 and 168: Fig. 4.1. Four r egions where w ild
Page 169 and 170: Fig. 4.3. Flower phot os showing pe
Page 171 and 172: Fig. 4.5. Plot of the first two axe
Page 173 and 174: Plant weight No. of seeds per plant
Page 175 and 176: Emergence rate Plant weight No.of a
Page 177 and 178: CONCLUSION 172
Page 179 and 180: véritable s uccès ad aptatif d an
Page 181 and 182: Dans l e cas d es p remières gén
Page 183 and 184: REFERENCES Abbott RJ, Comes HP.2007
Page 185 and 186: Bing D J, D owney R K and R akow G
Page 187 and 188: carinata and Brassica rapa. Plant B
Page 189: Hybridisation within Brassica and a
Page 193 and 194: Hybridization between oilseed rape
Page 195 and 196: Nosil P. 2008. Speciation with gene
Page 197 and 198: 32:305-32 Schadler, M., R. Brandl,
Page 199 and 200: Thalmann C, Guadagnuolo R, Felber F
Page 201 and 202: Zheng XM and Ge S. 2010. Ecological
Page 203 and 204: Therefore, after a review of the st
Page 205 and 206: more easily sieved out by harvester
Page 207 and 208: Transgenic F1 produced higher bioma
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