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1073–1079 Darmency H, Lefol E, Fleury A. 1998. Spontaneous hybridizations between oilseed rape and wild radish. Molecular Ecology, 7: 1467–1473. Darmency, H. 1994. The impact of hybrids between genetically modified crop plants and their related species: introgression and weediness. Molecular Ecology. 3: 37–40. Darmency, H., Fleury, A., Lefol, E., 1995. E ffect of transgenic release on weed biodiversity: oilseed r ape an d w ild radish. P roceedings of the 1995 B righton C rop P rotection Conference Weeds, 2: 433–438. Di K , Stewart C N J r, Wei W, Shen BC, Tang ZX, a nd M a K P. 2009. F itness a nd m aternal effects in hybrids formed between transgenic oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) and wild brown mustard [B. juncea (L.) Czern et Coss.] in the field. Pest Management Science 65: 753–760. Di, K. 2008. Fitness of hybrids formed between transgenic oilseed rpae (Brassica napus) and brown mustard (B. juncea) in the field. Thesis paper (Chinese with English abstract). Eber F , C hèvre A M, Baranger A, V allee P , Tanguy X, R enard M . 1994. S pontaneous hybridisation b etween a ma le-sterile o ilseed r ape an d t wo w eeds. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 88: 362–368. Ebert D , H aag C , K irkpatrick M , R iek M , H ottinger J W, P ajunen V I. 2002. A S elective Advantage to Immigrant Genes in a Daphnia Metapopulation. Science, 295: 485-488 Elam DR, Ridley CE, Goodell K, and NEllstrand NC. 2007. P opulation size and relatedness affect fitness of a self-incompatible invasive plant. PNAS, 104 : 549-552 Ellstrand N C, a nd S chirenbeck K A. 2000. Hybridization a s a s timulus f or t he evolution of invasiveness in plants? Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 97:7043–7050 Ellstrand N C, P rentice H C, H ancock J F. 1 999. G ene flow a nd introgression f rom domesticated plants into their wild relatives. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 30: 539–563. Escarré J, Lepart, J, Sans X, Sentuc JJ. and Gorse V. 1999. Effects of herbivory on the growth and r eproduction of P icris hi eracioides i n t he M editerranean region. J ournal of Vegetation Science 10: 101-110 Felber F, Kozlowski G, Arrigo N, Guadagnuolo R. 2007. Genetic and ecological consequences of transgene flow to the wild flora. Green gene technology: research in an area of social conflict, 107: 173-205 FitzJohn R G, A rmstrong T T, N ewstrom-Lloyd LE, W ilton A D, a nd Cochrane M . 2007. 183
Hybridisation within Brassica and allied genera: Evaluation of pot ential for transgene escape. Euphytica, 158: 209-230 Ford C S, A llainguillaume J , G rilli-Chantler P, C uccato G, A llender C J a nd W ilkinson M J. 2006. S pontaneous ge ne f low f rom rapeseed ( Brassica napus ) to wild Brassica oleracea. Proc. R. Soc. B, 273: 3111–3115 Frello S , Hansen K R, J ensen J a nd J ørgensen R B. 1995. Inheritance of rapeseed ( Brassica napus) specific RAPD markers and a t ransgene in the cross Brassica juncea×Brassica napus. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 91:236–241. Frello S , Hansen K R, J ensen J a nd J ørgensen R B. 1995. Inheritance of rapeseed ( Brassica napus) specific RAPD markers and a t ransgene in the cross Brassica juncea×Brassica napus. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 91:236–241. Friess N . a nd M aillet J. 1997. I nfluence of c ucumber m osaic vi rus i nfection on t he competitive ability and reproduction of chickweed (Stellaria media). New Phytol. 135, 667-674 Gadd ME, Young TP and Palmer TM. 2001. Effects of simulated shoot and leaf herbivory on vegetative growth and plant defense in Acacia drepanolobium. OIKOS, 92: 515–521. Gao Y L, F eng H Q, W u K M. 2010. R egulation of t he s easonal popul ation pa tterns of Helicoverpa armigera moths by Bt cotton planting. Transgenic Research, 19: 557–562 Gardner J. C. and Vanderlip R. L. 1989. Seed Size and Density Effects on Field Performance of Pearl Millet. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 92. 49- 59 Ghersa, C.M. and Martinez-Ghersa, M.A. 2000. Ecological correlates of weed seed size and persistence in th e s oil u nder d ifferent tillin g s ystems: imp lications f or w eed management. Field Crops Research 67, 141–148. Goldberg D E, F leetwood L. 1987. C ompetitive e ffect a nd r esponse i n f our a nnual pl ants. Journal of Ecology 75: 1131–1143. Grant V. 1981. Plant Speciation (Columbus Univ. Press, New York) 2nd ed. Guéritaine G , D armency H. 2001. P olymorphism f or i nterspecific h ybridisation w ithin a population of wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) pollinated by oilseed rape (Brassica napus). Sex Plant Reprod, 14:169–172 Guéritaine, G., S. Bazot, and H. Darmency. 2003. Emergence and growth of hybrids between Brassica napus and Raphanus raphanistrum. New Phytologist 158: 561–567. Guéritaine, G ., S ester, M., E ber, F., C hèvre, A.M. a nd D armency, H. 2002. F itness o f backcross s ix o f h ybrids b etween t ransgenic o ilseed r ape ( Brassica napu s) a nd w ild 184
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UNIVERSITE DE BOURGOGNE THÈSE Pour
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REMERCIEMENTS My heartfelt thanks g
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forming many of the ideas I present
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Abstract In the framework of commer
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2.3 A rticle 2: Les r étrocroiseme
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Table 3.2. Parameters of linear reg
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experiment. BC1NS is separated into
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Fig. 4.7. Mean and standard error (
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INTRODUCTION GENERALE Dans le cadre
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chapitre 1 dressant l’état des c
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CHAPTER 1 LITERATURE REVIEW ON THE
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oilseed rape and B. oleracea is ver
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populations is reduced as the dista
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into hybrids would affect the morph
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Snow e t a l. ( 1999) f ound no f i
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1.5 Consequences of introgression I
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more flowers and larger plant size
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Moreover, beside the introgression
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their parental plants. Moon et al.
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2.1 Introduction CHAPTER 2 CONDITIO
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ARTICLE 1 The effect of seed size o
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plant growth was evaluated without
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These two experiments were kept wee
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interactions were found among the t
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2006) or m ore f it t han their pa
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they b ear b eneficial t ransgenes
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Diggle PK, Abrahamson NJ, Baker RL
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Ramachandran S , B untin G D, A ll
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Table 2.2. F -values f rom a f ive-
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Days to flowering Biomass Per. of s
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2.3 Article 2: Les rétrocroisement
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Photo.2.3. S praying chlorsulfuron
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Introduction In t he f ramework o f
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eceived p ollens f rom wild B. j un
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Statistical analysis Mean values ar
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Characteristics of the backcrosses
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Table 2.7. Mean (±95% CL) of plant
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plants w ith B. napus morphology t
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Productivity of the resistant proge
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References [1] A .A. Snow, D .A. A
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insight into adaptive life-history
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CHAPTER 3 EFFETS DE LA RESISTANCE A
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3.2 A rticle 3 : S imulation d e l
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compétition et le devenir des popu
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difficult to predict. Similarly, it
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Table 3.1: ANOVA results of the eff
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Table 3.2: Parameters of linear reg
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herbivores than when exposed to Bt
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esistant hybrid populations might i
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Letourneau D .K., H agen J .A., 200
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Germination rate 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.
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3.3 Article 4: Compétition entre p
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Introduction The invasion of transg
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Whether a popul ation w ill e volve
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while ensuring that the same ratio
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silique number, seed number, seed w
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Our ga rden e xperiments s howed t
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experiment, harsh growth conditions
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References Agrawal AA. 2004. R esis
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density- dependent c osts of vi ral
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Table 3.5. F values of the analysis
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Table 3.7. Results of Helmert contr
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Fig. 3.4. Examples of experimental
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Flowering date Seed weight Biomass
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No. viable seeds Biomass 50000 4000
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Photo 3.3. Cotton bollworm (Helicov
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Introduction Spontaneous introgress
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screening as transgenic BC2 (trBC2)
Page 137 and 138: 2002), but certain studies showed n
Page 139 and 140: Acknowledgements We t hank Z hixi T
Page 141 and 142: 92, 368-374. Rieseberg, LH, and Bur
Page 143 and 144: Table 3.10. F-values of three-way A
Page 145 and 146: Seed number Biomass 140 120 100 80
Page 147 and 148: CHAPTER 4 RECHERCHE DES CONSEQUENCE
Page 149 and 150: Photo 4.1. Wild radish in a herbici
Page 151 and 152: Introduction Plant divergence is ge
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Page 155 and 156: estimated. All the seeds of every h
Page 157 and 158: Field experiment Number of siliques
Page 159 and 160: aphanistrum from hybrids and R. sat
Page 161 and 162: competition diminished the differen
Page 163 and 164: Conner, J. K., Rice A. M., Stewart
Page 165 and 166: Rattenbury J A. 1962. C yclic h ybr
Page 167 and 168: Fig. 4.1. Four r egions where w ild
Page 169 and 170: Fig. 4.3. Flower phot os showing pe
Page 171 and 172: Fig. 4.5. Plot of the first two axe
Page 173 and 174: Plant weight No. of seeds per plant
Page 175 and 176: Emergence rate Plant weight No.of a
Page 177 and 178: CONCLUSION 172
Page 179 and 180: véritable s uccès ad aptatif d an
Page 181 and 182: Dans l e cas d es p remières gén
Page 183 and 184: REFERENCES Abbott RJ, Comes HP.2007
Page 185 and 186: Bing D J, D owney R K and R akow G
Page 187: carinata and Brassica rapa. Plant B
Page 191 and 192: etween weedy Brassica rapa and oils
Page 193 and 194: Hybridization between oilseed rape
Page 195 and 196: Nosil P. 2008. Speciation with gene
Page 197 and 198: 32:305-32 Schadler, M., R. Brandl,
Page 199 and 200: Thalmann C, Guadagnuolo R, Felber F
Page 201 and 202: Zheng XM and Ge S. 2010. Ecological
Page 203 and 204: Therefore, after a review of the st
Page 205 and 206: more easily sieved out by harvester
Page 207 and 208: Transgenic F1 produced higher bioma
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