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introgression: greater survival and fecundity of hybrids in a new environment. Ecology Letters, 11:1198–1209. Center T D, Van T K., Dray F A, Franks S J, R ebelo M T, P ratt P D., R ayamajhi M B.2005. Herbivory a lters c ompetitive in teractions b etween tw o in vasive a quatic p lants. Biological Control, 33: 173-185. Chadoeuf, R., Darmency, H., Maillet, J. and Renard, M. (1998) Survival of buried seeds of interspecific hybrids between oilseed rape, hoary mustard and wild radish. Field Crops Research, 58:197–204. Chang C T, U esugi R , K ana H ondo K , K akihara F, a nd K ato M . 2007. T he e ffect of t he cytoplasms of B rassica napus a nd B. j uncea on s ome c haracteristics of B . c arinata, including flower morphology. Euphytica, 158: 261–270 Chapman M A, a nd A bbott RJ. 2010. Introgression of f itness genes across a pl oidy barrier. New Phytologist, 186: 63–71 Chase J M., Abrams PA., Grover JP., Diehl S, Chesson P, Holt RD., Richards SA., Nisbet RM. and C ase TJ. 2002. T he i nteraction be tween pr edation a nd c ompetition: a r eview a nd synthesis. Ecology Letters, 5: 302-315. Cheam AH, Code GR. 1995. The biology of Australian weeds. 24. Raphanus raphanistrum L. Plant Protection Quarterly, 10: 2–13. Chèvre A M, E ber F, B aranger A , H ureau G , B arret P , P icault H , R enard M . 1998. Characterization of backcross generations obtained under field conditions from oilseed rape-wild radish F1 interspecific h ybrids: an assessment of transgene dispersal. Theor Appl Genet, 97: 90-98 Chèvre AM, E ber F, Baranger A , K erlan M C, B arret P , V allée P , R enard M . 1996. Interspecific gene flow as a component of risk assessment for transgenic Brassicas. Acta Hort, 407 : 169-179 Chèvre AM, Eber F, Baranger A, Renard M. 1997. Gene flow from transgenic crops. Nature, 389, 924. Chèvre A M, E ber F, D armency H, Fleury A , P icault H, L etanneur JC, Renard M . 2000. Assessment of i nterspecific h ybridization be tween t ransgenic oi lseed r ape a nd w ild radish under normal agronomic conditions. Theor Appl Genet, 100:1233–1239 Choe, H.S., Chu, C., Koch, G., Gorham, J . and Mooney, H.A. 1988. Seed weight and s eed resources in relation to plant growth rate. Oecologia 76:158-159. Choudhary BR, Joshi P and Ramarao S. 2000. Interspecific h ybridization between Brassica 181
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UNIVERSITE DE BOURGOGNE THÈSE Pour
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REMERCIEMENTS My heartfelt thanks g
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forming many of the ideas I present
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Abstract In the framework of commer
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2.3 A rticle 2: Les r étrocroiseme
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Table 3.2. Parameters of linear reg
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experiment. BC1NS is separated into
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Fig. 4.7. Mean and standard error (
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INTRODUCTION GENERALE Dans le cadre
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chapitre 1 dressant l’état des c
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CHAPTER 1 LITERATURE REVIEW ON THE
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oilseed rape and B. oleracea is ver
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populations is reduced as the dista
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into hybrids would affect the morph
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Snow e t a l. ( 1999) f ound no f i
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1.5 Consequences of introgression I
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more flowers and larger plant size
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Moreover, beside the introgression
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their parental plants. Moon et al.
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2.1 Introduction CHAPTER 2 CONDITIO
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ARTICLE 1 The effect of seed size o
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plant growth was evaluated without
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These two experiments were kept wee
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interactions were found among the t
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2006) or m ore f it t han their pa
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they b ear b eneficial t ransgenes
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Diggle PK, Abrahamson NJ, Baker RL
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Ramachandran S , B untin G D, A ll
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Table 2.2. F -values f rom a f ive-
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Days to flowering Biomass Per. of s
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2.3 Article 2: Les rétrocroisement
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Photo.2.3. S praying chlorsulfuron
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Introduction In t he f ramework o f
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eceived p ollens f rom wild B. j un
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Statistical analysis Mean values ar
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Characteristics of the backcrosses
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Table 2.7. Mean (±95% CL) of plant
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plants w ith B. napus morphology t
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Productivity of the resistant proge
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References [1] A .A. Snow, D .A. A
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insight into adaptive life-history
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CHAPTER 3 EFFETS DE LA RESISTANCE A
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3.2 A rticle 3 : S imulation d e l
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compétition et le devenir des popu
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difficult to predict. Similarly, it
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Table 3.1: ANOVA results of the eff
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Table 3.2: Parameters of linear reg
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herbivores than when exposed to Bt
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esistant hybrid populations might i
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Letourneau D .K., H agen J .A., 200
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Germination rate 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.
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3.3 Article 4: Compétition entre p
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Introduction The invasion of transg
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Whether a popul ation w ill e volve
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while ensuring that the same ratio
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silique number, seed number, seed w
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Our ga rden e xperiments s howed t
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experiment, harsh growth conditions
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References Agrawal AA. 2004. R esis
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density- dependent c osts of vi ral
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Table 3.5. F values of the analysis
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Table 3.7. Results of Helmert contr
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Fig. 3.4. Examples of experimental
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Flowering date Seed weight Biomass
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No. viable seeds Biomass 50000 4000
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Photo 3.3. Cotton bollworm (Helicov
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Introduction Spontaneous introgress
Page 135 and 136: screening as transgenic BC2 (trBC2)
Page 137 and 138: 2002), but certain studies showed n
Page 139 and 140: Acknowledgements We t hank Z hixi T
Page 141 and 142: 92, 368-374. Rieseberg, LH, and Bur
Page 143 and 144: Table 3.10. F-values of three-way A
Page 145 and 146: Seed number Biomass 140 120 100 80
Page 147 and 148: CHAPTER 4 RECHERCHE DES CONSEQUENCE
Page 149 and 150: Photo 4.1. Wild radish in a herbici
Page 151 and 152: Introduction Plant divergence is ge
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Page 155 and 156: estimated. All the seeds of every h
Page 157 and 158: Field experiment Number of siliques
Page 159 and 160: aphanistrum from hybrids and R. sat
Page 161 and 162: competition diminished the differen
Page 163 and 164: Conner, J. K., Rice A. M., Stewart
Page 165 and 166: Rattenbury J A. 1962. C yclic h ybr
Page 167 and 168: Fig. 4.1. Four r egions where w ild
Page 169 and 170: Fig. 4.3. Flower phot os showing pe
Page 171 and 172: Fig. 4.5. Plot of the first two axe
Page 173 and 174: Plant weight No. of seeds per plant
Page 175 and 176: Emergence rate Plant weight No.of a
Page 177 and 178: CONCLUSION 172
Page 179 and 180: véritable s uccès ad aptatif d an
Page 181 and 182: Dans l e cas d es p remières gén
Page 183 and 184: REFERENCES Abbott RJ, Comes HP.2007
Page 185: Bing D J, D owney R K and R akow G
Page 189 and 190: Hybridisation within Brassica and a
Page 191 and 192: etween weedy Brassica rapa and oils
Page 193 and 194: Hybridization between oilseed rape
Page 195 and 196: Nosil P. 2008. Speciation with gene
Page 197 and 198: 32:305-32 Schadler, M., R. Brandl,
Page 199 and 200: Thalmann C, Guadagnuolo R, Felber F
Page 201 and 202: Zheng XM and Ge S. 2010. Ecological
Page 203 and 204: Therefore, after a review of the st
Page 205 and 206: more easily sieved out by harvester
Page 207 and 208: Transgenic F1 produced higher bioma
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