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specific R APD m arkers an d a t ransgene i n t he cr oss Brassica j uncea×Brassica napus . Theoretical and Applied Genetics 91:236–241. Fuchs, M., E. M. Chirco, J. R. McFerson, and D. Gonsalves. 2004. C omparative fitness of a wild s quash s pecies and t hree generations of hybrids b etween w ild × vi rus-resistant transgenic squash. Environmental Biosafety Research 3:17–28. Halfhill MD, Richards HA, Mabon SA and Stewart CN, Jr. 2001. E xpression of GFP and Bt transgenes i n Brassica n apus and h ybridization w ith Brassica r apa. T heor A ppl G enet 103:659–667. Hawkes VH and Sullivan JJ. 2001. T he impact of herbivory on plants in different resource conditions: a meta-analysis. Ecology, 82: 2045–2058. Letourneau D K, a nd H agen J A, 2009. P lant f itness a ssessment f or w ild r elatives of i nsect resistant crops. Environ. Biosafety Res, 8, 45–55. Lexer, C ., W elch, M .E., R aymond, O . & R ieseberg, L.H. ( 2003). T he o rigin of e cological divergence in Helianthus paradoxus (Asteraceae): selection on transgressive characters in a novel hybrid habitat. Evolution, 57, 1989–2000. Linder C R, T aha I, S eiler G J, S now A A, R ieseberg LH. 1998. Long-term i ntrogression of crop genes into wild sunflower populations. Theoretical and Applied Genetics. 96: 339– 347. Liu Y.B., Wei W., D armency H . 2009. S imulation of i nsect-resistance i n g ene flow s tudy between Brassica napus and wild B. juncea. In XIIIème Col. Int. Biologie des Mauvaises Herbes, DIJON. Association Française pour la Protection des Plantes, 144-153 Liu Y B, Wei W, M a KP, D armency H. 2010 a. B ackcrosses t o Brassica napus of h ybrids between B. juncea and B. napus as a source of new herbicide-resistant volunteer-like feral populations. Plant Science, doi:10.1016/j.plantsci.2010.07.005. Liu YB, Wei W, Ma KP, Darmency H. 2010b. S imulated insect-resistant v ersus s usceptible Brassica juncea intra-population competition (in review) Laughlin K D, P ower AG, S now A A, S pencer LJ. 2009. R isk a ssessment of genetically engineered crops: Fitness effects o f v irus-resistance transgenes in wild Cucurbita pepo. Ecological Applications, 19: 1091-1101 Palmisano S, Fox LR. 1997. Effects of mammal and insect herbivory on population dynamics of a native Californian thistle, Cirsium occidentale. Oecologia 111: 413-421. Ramachandran S , B untin G D, A ll JN, Raymer P L, S tewart C N. 2000. Intraspecific competition of an insect-resistant transgenic canola in seed mixtures. Agronomy Journal 135
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UNIVERSITE DE BOURGOGNE THÈSE Pour
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REMERCIEMENTS My heartfelt thanks g
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forming many of the ideas I present
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Abstract In the framework of commer
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2.3 A rticle 2: Les r étrocroiseme
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Table 3.2. Parameters of linear reg
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experiment. BC1NS is separated into
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Fig. 4.7. Mean and standard error (
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INTRODUCTION GENERALE Dans le cadre
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chapitre 1 dressant l’état des c
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CHAPTER 1 LITERATURE REVIEW ON THE
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oilseed rape and B. oleracea is ver
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populations is reduced as the dista
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into hybrids would affect the morph
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Snow e t a l. ( 1999) f ound no f i
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1.5 Consequences of introgression I
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more flowers and larger plant size
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Moreover, beside the introgression
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their parental plants. Moon et al.
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2.1 Introduction CHAPTER 2 CONDITIO
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ARTICLE 1 The effect of seed size o
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plant growth was evaluated without
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These two experiments were kept wee
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interactions were found among the t
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2006) or m ore f it t han their pa
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they b ear b eneficial t ransgenes
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Diggle PK, Abrahamson NJ, Baker RL
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Ramachandran S , B untin G D, A ll
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Table 2.2. F -values f rom a f ive-
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Days to flowering Biomass Per. of s
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2.3 Article 2: Les rétrocroisement
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Photo.2.3. S praying chlorsulfuron
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Introduction In t he f ramework o f
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eceived p ollens f rom wild B. j un
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Statistical analysis Mean values ar
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Characteristics of the backcrosses
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Table 2.7. Mean (±95% CL) of plant
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plants w ith B. napus morphology t
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Productivity of the resistant proge
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References [1] A .A. Snow, D .A. A
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insight into adaptive life-history
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CHAPTER 3 EFFETS DE LA RESISTANCE A
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3.2 A rticle 3 : S imulation d e l
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compétition et le devenir des popu
Page 89 and 90: difficult to predict. Similarly, it
Page 91 and 92: Table 3.1: ANOVA results of the eff
Page 93 and 94: Table 3.2: Parameters of linear reg
Page 95 and 96: herbivores than when exposed to Bt
Page 97 and 98: esistant hybrid populations might i
Page 99 and 100: Letourneau D .K., H agen J .A., 200
Page 101 and 102: Germination rate 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.
Page 103 and 104: 3.3 Article 4: Compétition entre p
Page 105 and 106: Introduction The invasion of transg
Page 107 and 108: Whether a popul ation w ill e volve
Page 109 and 110: while ensuring that the same ratio
Page 111 and 112: silique number, seed number, seed w
Page 113 and 114: Our ga rden e xperiments s howed t
Page 115 and 116: experiment, harsh growth conditions
Page 117 and 118: References Agrawal AA. 2004. R esis
Page 119 and 120: density- dependent c osts of vi ral
Page 121 and 122: Table 3.5. F values of the analysis
Page 123 and 124: Table 3.7. Results of Helmert contr
Page 125 and 126: Fig. 3.4. Examples of experimental
Page 127 and 128: Flowering date Seed weight Biomass
Page 129 and 130: No. viable seeds Biomass 50000 4000
Page 131 and 132: Photo 3.3. Cotton bollworm (Helicov
Page 133 and 134: Introduction Spontaneous introgress
Page 135 and 136: screening as transgenic BC2 (trBC2)
Page 137 and 138: 2002), but certain studies showed n
Page 139: Acknowledgements We t hank Z hixi T
Page 143 and 144: Table 3.10. F-values of three-way A
Page 145 and 146: Seed number Biomass 140 120 100 80
Page 147 and 148: CHAPTER 4 RECHERCHE DES CONSEQUENCE
Page 149 and 150: Photo 4.1. Wild radish in a herbici
Page 151 and 152: Introduction Plant divergence is ge
Page 153 and 154: or t he popul ation of wild r adish
Page 155 and 156: estimated. All the seeds of every h
Page 157 and 158: Field experiment Number of siliques
Page 159 and 160: aphanistrum from hybrids and R. sat
Page 161 and 162: competition diminished the differen
Page 163 and 164: Conner, J. K., Rice A. M., Stewart
Page 165 and 166: Rattenbury J A. 1962. C yclic h ybr
Page 167 and 168: Fig. 4.1. Four r egions where w ild
Page 169 and 170: Fig. 4.3. Flower phot os showing pe
Page 171 and 172: Fig. 4.5. Plot of the first two axe
Page 173 and 174: Plant weight No. of seeds per plant
Page 175 and 176: Emergence rate Plant weight No.of a
Page 177 and 178: CONCLUSION 172
Page 179 and 180: véritable s uccès ad aptatif d an
Page 181 and 182: Dans l e cas d es p remières gén
Page 183 and 184: REFERENCES Abbott RJ, Comes HP.2007
Page 185 and 186: Bing D J, D owney R K and R akow G
Page 187 and 188: carinata and Brassica rapa. Plant B
Page 189 and 190: Hybridisation within Brassica and a
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etween weedy Brassica rapa and oils
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Hybridization between oilseed rape
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Nosil P. 2008. Speciation with gene
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32:305-32 Schadler, M., R. Brandl,
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Thalmann C, Guadagnuolo R, Felber F
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Zheng XM and Ge S. 2010. Ecological
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Therefore, after a review of the st
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more easily sieved out by harvester
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Transgenic F1 produced higher bioma
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