Higher education in Asian countries and the role of international ...

54
economic development, national need, cultural forces and ideologies. In an organization all
members or players or actors are engaged in same program but all players do not necessarily
have the same choices and sometimes members are bound to adopt or play some strategy against
its will. In other words, in some cases all, players are not free to make choices. Furthermore,
unlike a real game, states can enter or leave an IGO or coalition and enter into another one. In
such a complicated network, which is based on multifaceted cooperation and coordination
among the player, it is difficult to see one single game in isolation. As maintained by realist
school of thought that “big powers in an IGO” play dominated strategy, even in both
coordination and cooperative games as a result the Nash equilibrium is not in the favor of other
member countries. According to this school, as big powers always keep their payoff or interests
at the first place so for other states the payoff are very less as compared to big powers.
In today‟s interlinked world neither a state nor an organization can survive in isolation so both
states and organization form or enter into networks. Multiple IGOs and State Network is a simple
example of such IGO-IGO, State-State and IGOs-States interaction and collaboration where each
entity is linked with the other/s. This results into a complex web of networks.
3.5.2 Growth of IGOs
The growth of international organizations and the emergence of an international public sector
have been neither predicted by international relations theory, nor does much of the theory
explain how it works. (Haack & Mathiason, 2010) For the last few decades international
organizations have become a prominent element of international politics and development. With
the passage of time IO factor is further intensifying, which is also evident from the rapid growth
of both intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and
from enhanced presence of IOs in our daily life.
3.5.3 Organization as field of study
With the proliferation of organization in the world a new domain of studies in the social sciences
has emerged. Researcher and students from variety of disciplines, economics, international
relations, management, psychology and sociology, are studying different aspects of the
organizations that may include organizational behavior, structure, communication, function,
classification, analysis, reforms, process of transformation, role, impact and networking. Due to
such a wide scope of organizational studies, today in the social sciences, organizations are
studied by researchers who present an array of disciplines; the most common of, which are