Higher education in Asian countries and the role of international ...
Higher education in Asian countries and the role of international ...
Higher education in Asian countries and the role of international ...
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3 CONCEPTUAL WORK ................................................................................................................................... 27<br />
3.1 DEFINING INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS ............................................................................................................. 27<br />
3.2 HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION: IGOS .................................................................................................. 29<br />
3.3 CLASSIFICATION OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS ................................................................................................. 30<br />
3.3.1 Classification on <strong>the</strong> basis <strong>of</strong> nature .................................................................................................... 31<br />
3.3.1.1 Inter-governmental organizations (IGOs), ................................................................................................. 31<br />
3.3.1.2 International non-governmental organizations (NGOs)............................................................................. 31<br />
3.3.1.3 Mult<strong>in</strong>ational enterprises (MNE) ............................................................................................................... 31<br />
3.3.2 Classification on <strong>the</strong> basis <strong>of</strong> membership ........................................................................................... 32<br />
3.3.2.1 Umbrella organizations .............................................................................................................................. 32<br />
3.3.2.2 Universal organizations .............................................................................................................................. 32<br />
3.3.2.3 Intercont<strong>in</strong>ental organizations ................................................................................................................... 32<br />
3.3.2.4 Regional organizations ............................................................................................................................... 32<br />
3.3.3 Classification on <strong>the</strong> basis <strong>of</strong> titles ....................................................................................................... 32<br />
3.3.3.1 General term<strong>in</strong>ologies ............................................................................................................................... 33<br />
3.3.3.2 Treaty related terms .................................................................................................................................. 33<br />
3.3.3.3 Conference ................................................................................................................................................. 33<br />
3.3.3.4 Council ....................................................................................................................................................... 33<br />
3.3.3.5 Secretariat .................................................................................................................................................. 34<br />
3.3.3.6 Events ........................................................................................................................................................ 34<br />
3.3.3.7 Program or projects ................................................................................................................................... 34<br />
3.3.4 Classification on <strong>the</strong> basis <strong>of</strong> characteristics ........................................................................................ 35<br />
3.3.4.1 Structural characteristics ........................................................................................................................... 35<br />
3.3.4.1.1 Hybrid character ................................................................................................................................... 36<br />
3.3.4.1.2 Dependent character ............................................................................................................................ 36<br />
3.3.4.1.3 Semi-autonomous character ................................................................................................................ 36<br />
3.3.4.1.4 Relationship to leadership .................................................................................................................... 36<br />
3.3.4.1.5 Region based group<strong>in</strong>gs ........................................................................................................................ 36<br />
3.3.4.1.6 Heterogeneous membership ................................................................................................................ 37<br />
3.3.4.1.7 Complex character ................................................................................................................................ 37<br />
3.3.4.1.8 M<strong>in</strong>imal structure ................................................................................................................................. 37<br />
3.3.4.1.9 Multi-national structure ....................................................................................................................... 37<br />
3.4 THEORIES OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS ........................................................................................................ 38<br />
3.4.1 Realism................................................................................................................................................. 38<br />
3.4.1.1 Classical realism ......................................................................................................................................... 39<br />
3.4.1.2 Neo-realism or structural realism .............................................................................................................. 39<br />
3.4.2 Liberalism ............................................................................................................................................. 40