Higher education in Asian countries and the role of international ...

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3 CONCEPTUAL WORK ................................................................................................................................... 27
3.1 DEFINING INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS ............................................................................................................. 27
3.2 HISTORY OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION: IGOS .................................................................................................. 29
3.3 CLASSIFICATION OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS ................................................................................................. 30
3.3.1 Classification on the basis of nature .................................................................................................... 31
3.3.1.1 Inter-governmental organizations (IGOs), ................................................................................................. 31
3.3.1.2 International non-governmental organizations (NGOs)............................................................................. 31
3.3.1.3 Multinational enterprises (MNE) ............................................................................................................... 31
3.3.2 Classification on the basis of membership ........................................................................................... 32
3.3.2.1 Umbrella organizations .............................................................................................................................. 32
3.3.2.2 Universal organizations .............................................................................................................................. 32
3.3.2.3 Intercontinental organizations ................................................................................................................... 32
3.3.2.4 Regional organizations ............................................................................................................................... 32
3.3.3 Classification on the basis of titles ....................................................................................................... 32
3.3.3.1 General terminologies ............................................................................................................................... 33
3.3.3.2 Treaty related terms .................................................................................................................................. 33
3.3.3.3 Conference ................................................................................................................................................. 33
3.3.3.4 Council ....................................................................................................................................................... 33
3.3.3.5 Secretariat .................................................................................................................................................. 34
3.3.3.6 Events ........................................................................................................................................................ 34
3.3.3.7 Program or projects ................................................................................................................................... 34
3.3.4 Classification on the basis of characteristics ........................................................................................ 35
3.3.4.1 Structural characteristics ........................................................................................................................... 35
3.3.4.1.1 Hybrid character ................................................................................................................................... 36
3.3.4.1.2 Dependent character ............................................................................................................................ 36
3.3.4.1.3 Semi-autonomous character ................................................................................................................ 36
3.3.4.1.4 Relationship to leadership .................................................................................................................... 36
3.3.4.1.5 Region based groupings ........................................................................................................................ 36
3.3.4.1.6 Heterogeneous membership ................................................................................................................ 37
3.3.4.1.7 Complex character ................................................................................................................................ 37
3.3.4.1.8 Minimal structure ................................................................................................................................. 37
3.3.4.1.9 Multi-national structure ....................................................................................................................... 37
3.4 THEORIES OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS ........................................................................................................ 38
3.4.1 Realism................................................................................................................................................. 38
3.4.1.1 Classical realism ......................................................................................................................................... 39
3.4.1.2 Neo-realism or structural realism .............................................................................................................. 39
3.4.2 Liberalism ............................................................................................................................................. 40