Higher education in Asian countries and the role of international ...

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316 A glance at education Pakistan Total population (million) 177.0 GDP per capita (PPP) US$ 2542.5 Combined GER (ISCED 1 to 6) 42.0 School life expectancy (years). Primary to tertiary. Total 6.9 Duration of compulsory education 5.0 Adult (15+) literacy rate (%). Total 55.5 Youth (15-24) literacy rate (%). Total 71.1 GER. Secondary. All programs. Total 43.5 GER. Upper secondary. All programs. Total 24.2 GER. Tertiary (ISCED 5 and 6). Total 5.6 Expenditure in primary as % of total educational expenditure 63.0 Expenditure in secondary as % of total educational expenditure 23.5 Expenditure in tertiary as % of total educational expenditure 12.0 Public expenditure per pupil as a % of GDP per capita. All levels n.a. Public expenditure per pupil as a % of GDP per capita. Primary 17.6 Public expenditure per pupil as a % of GDP per capita. Secondary 11.3 Public expenditure per pupil as a % of GDP per capita. Tertiary 55.5 Table is based on the data from UNESCO 2010 GER. Gross Enrolment Ratio n.a. Data not available ISCED. International Standard Classification of Education . A glance at education Sri Lanka Total population (million) 20.1 GDP per capita (PPP) US$ 4571.2 Combined GER (ISCED 1 to 6) 66.0 School life expectancy (years). Primary to tertiary. Total 12.7 Duration of compulsory education 9.0 Adult (15+) literacy rate (%). Total 90.6 Youth (15-24) literacy rate (%). Total 98.0 GER. Secondary. All programs. Total 87.0 GER. Upper secondary. All programs. Total 71.7 GER. Tertiary (ISCED 5 and 6). Total n.a. Expenditure in primary as % of total educational expenditure n.a. Expenditure in secondary as % of total educational expenditure n.a. Expenditure in tertiary as % of total educational expenditure n.a. Public expenditure per pupil as a % of GDP per capita. All levels n.a. Public expenditure per pupil as a % of GDP per capita. Primary n.a. Public expenditure per pupil as a % of GDP per capita. Secondary n.a. Public expenditure per pupil as a % of GDP per capita. Tertiary Table is based on the data from UNESCO 2010 GER. Gross Enrolment Ratio n.a. Data not available ISCED. International Standard Classification of Education . n.a.
317 A glance at education in Afghanistan Total population (million) 27.2 GDP per capita (PPP) US$ 1104.6 Combined GER (ISCED 1 to 6) 60.2 School life expectancy (years). Primary to tertiary. Total 9.1 Duration of compulsory education 9.0 Adult (15+) literacy rate (%). Total n.a. Youth (15-24) literacy rate (%). Total n.a. GER. Secondary. All programs. Total 43.8 GER. Upper secondary. All programs. Total 23.9 GER. Tertiary (ISCED 5 and 6). Total 3.6 Expenditure in primary as % of total educational expenditure n.a. Expenditure in secondary as % of total educational expenditure n.a. Expenditure in tertiary as % of total educational expenditure n.a. Public expenditure per pupil as a % of GDP per capita. All levels n.a. Public expenditure per pupil as a % of GDP per capita. Primary n.a. Public expenditure per pupil as a % of GDP per capita. Secondary n.a. Public expenditure per pupil as a % of GDP per capita. Tertiary n.a. Table is based on the data from UNESCO 2010 GER. Gross Enrolment Ratio n.a. Data not available ISCED. International Standard Classification of Education . A glance at education in Iran (Islamic Republic of) Total population (million) 73.3 GDP per capita (PPP) US$ 11328.1 Combined GER (ISCED 1 to 6) 69.9 School life expectancy (years). Primary to tertiary. Total 12.7 Duration of compulsory education 8.0 Adult (15+) literacy rate (%). Total 85.0 Youth (15-24) literacy rate (%). Total 98.7 GER. Secondary. All programs. Total 83.1 GER. Upper secondary. All programs. Total 73.5 GER. Tertiary (ISCED 5 and 6). Total 36.5 Expenditure in primary as % of total educational expenditure 25.4 Expenditure in secondary as % of total educational expenditure 49.4 Expenditure in tertiary as % of total educational expenditure 22.0 Public expenditure per pupil as a % of GDP per capita. All levels 19.4 Public expenditure per pupil as a % of GDP per capita. Primary 15.1 Public expenditure per pupil as a % of GDP per capita. Secondary 21.0 Public expenditure per pupil as a % of GDP per capita. Tertiary 22.2 Table is based on the data from UNESCO 2010 GER. Gross Enrolment Ratio n.a. Data not available ISCED. International Standard Classification of Education .
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Higher education in Asian countries
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ii Dedicated to my parents
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ii 3 CONCEPTUAL WORK ..............
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iv 4.2.3 Europeans in Asia ........
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vi 5.2 ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC CO
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viii 5.3.8.1.2.2 The Robert S. McNa
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Figures x Table 24 The World Bank i
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xii Abbreviations ADB Asian Develop
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xiv UNLD United Nations Literacy De
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2 productivity that has become esse
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4 Central Commission for Navigation
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6 and international levels and over
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1 Presentation of the research 1.1
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10 tertiary level is less than 15%,
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12 These hypotheses are general in
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14 the scope of the study and by de
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16 Participation observation to ha
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18 The count of IGO‟s activities
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20 aims, objectives, priorities and
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22 important actors at internationa
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24 capital theory in order to study
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26 performed by that organization.
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28 According to Bernoux (1985) “E
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30 Before World War I, IGOs were mo
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32 3.3.2 Classification on the basi
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34 council exercise certain of its
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3.3.4.1.1 Hybrid character 36 Conve
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3.4 Theories of International Organ
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40 translate into loss of powers if
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3.4.4.1 Neo-institutionalism 42 Neo
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44 socio-economic development at na
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46 changing needs and meet the new
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48 Game theory deals with parties (
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50 perfect information and imperfec
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3.5.1.2 Cooperative game 52 In a co
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54 economic development, national n
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3.6 Definition of higher education
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58 between 17 to 20 years and durat
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4 Asia and higher education 4.1 Int
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1. East Asia: China, Japan, Mongoli
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65 Similarly in East Asian region a
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4.3 History of Education 67 Educati
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69 institutions, financing and fund
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71 because in these economies the e
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73 capacity, and for developing oth
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75 This region is passing through a
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77 Whereas the average value for As
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79 is evident from the state polici
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81 Thailand and Malaysia are the le
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83 According to the World Bank, wid
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Source: The University of Texas Lib
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4.8 Economic Growth and higher educ
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89 provide objective and effective
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91 purpose of existence and t three
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93 general and of human knowledge,
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95 To approve the draft program sub
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97 non UN intergovernmental organiz
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99 The Bureau of Field Coordination
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101 4. UNESCO Office in Beijing - C
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Chairs And Networks Field Offices 5
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105 and centers function as capacit
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107 5.1.1.7.1 International Institu
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7. Caribbean Development Bank 8. Co
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111 34. International Association o
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113 5. Netherlands Organization for
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115 friendly policies and strategie
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117 Protocol Instituting a Concili
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119 In today‟s globalized world i
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121 and a bridge between research,
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Figure 9 Distribution of UNESCO cha
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5.1.2.7 Open Distant Education (ODL
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127 In this regard both organizatio
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129 At national level UNESCO, throu
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131 was adopted by WCHE in 1998, to
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5.1.2.13 Cluster offices 133 A clus
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2. Jakarta Regional Bureau for Scie
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137 Regional Bureau for Education B
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139 Assessment, Information System
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141 concerned. It assists in the pr
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143 5.1.4 UNESCO-Bangkok office rol
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145 has produced 51 publications on
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147 In the field of higher educatio
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Summary 149 UNESCO is the heir of I
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151 policy reforms. APEID is contri
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5.2.2 History and creation of OECD
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5.2.3.2 Council 155 Governance stru
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157 Directorate for Employment, Lab
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159 Non-Members (CCNM) develops and
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161 laws against spam. They may als
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163 5.2.5.1.1 Program for Internati
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165 students, at age 15, are prepar
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167 The CELE is actively working to
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169 33rd session of its General Con
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171 Phase 2: an exploration of appr
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173 European Federation for Retirem
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UN Development Group (UNDG) UN Deve
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177 5.2.8 OECD in the World and its
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179 Status of the Asian Countries i
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181 Knowledge based economy and inf
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183 documents belongs to these cate
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185 A large part of the OECD‟s ac
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5.3.1 A glance at the World Bank 18
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of payments and international reser
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191 these countries to meet the ter
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193 by the president of the World B
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5.3.2 The World Bank 195 The World
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197 including early childhood educa
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Member states of: 199 All five WBG
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201 The European Bank for Reconstru
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203 transforming and changing in al
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205 graduate studies that are award
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207 despite of two economic recessi
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209 Summary of the total lending in
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211 education sector where 21% of t
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213 West Asia comprises of 15 sover
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215 South East Asia where the Bank
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217 Several projects successfully
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219 infrastructure development; fro
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221 The Independent Evaluation Grou
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223 countries has achieved 100% GER
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225 universities. State and institu
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Malaysia 227 In Malaysia all educat
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229 primary, secondary and tertiary
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231 government gave more focus to v
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233 transform the higher education
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235 Development (DESD) in 2005, UNE
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237 The time series data, from 1970
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239 Present higher education system
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241 toolkits for teachers and other
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243 these legal instruments. IIEP i
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245 partner countries in Asia and n
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6.3 Response to research questions
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7 Discussion 249 What is the role o
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251 development of human capital, w
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253 In the 1980s the differences be
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255 certainly today we have had a d
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7.4 A shift in IGOs’ stance 257 A
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259 as responsive and high quality
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261 education. The following table
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Conclusions 263 The increased numbe
Page 283 and 284: 265 the countries, for the last two
Page 285 and 286: 267 Outcomes; quality teaching in h
Page 287 and 288: 269 Barnett, M., & Press, M. F. (20
Page 289 and 290: 271 Dincauze, D. F. (2000). Environ
Page 291 and 292: 273 IIEP-UNESCO. (2010). Strategic
Page 293 and 294: 275 McLean, I., & McMillan, A. (200
Page 295 and 296: 277 Powersa, J. B., & McDougall, P.
Page 297 and 298: 279 The World Bank. (2000). Higher
Page 299 and 300: 281 UNESCO. (2010). Recognition of
Page 301 and 302: 283 Yusuf, S. (2007). University-In
Page 303 and 304: 285 is awarded by an institution of
Page 305 and 306: 287 identifying, formulating, and i
Page 307 and 308: 289 Annex II- List of the UNESCO-AP
Page 309 and 310: 291 20th AAOU Annual Conference: Re
Page 311 and 312: 1997-1998 293 Regional Conference o
Page 313 and 314: Source: Table is based on the data
Page 315 and 316: Net enrolment rate. Secondary. All
Page 317 and 318: 299 School life expectancy (years).
Page 319 and 320: 301 Educational expenditure by natu
Page 321 and 322: 303 . Public expenditure per pupil
Page 323 and 324: 305 Arab and European States Border
Page 325 and 326: . 307 Convention on the Recognition
Page 327 and 328: 309 Higher education UNESCO-Bangkok
Page 329 and 330: . . 311 A glance at education Repub
Page 331 and 332: . A glance at education Philippines
Page 333: 315 A glance at education in India
Page 337 and 338: 319 A glance at education Syrian Ar
Page 339 and 340: Annex VI - List of the UNESCO Chair
Page 341 and 342: 323 UNITWIN Network on emergency pr
Page 343 and 344: 325 UNITWIN Network on Economics Te
Page 345 and 346: 327 Major higher education UNESCO p
Page 347 and 348: Résumé L'augmentation du nombre d
Page 349 and 350: 331 comment, quand et pourquoi ces
Page 351 and 352: 333 laboratoire d'idées, un produc
Page 353 and 354: 335 différents. Le bureau de Bangk
Page 355 and 356: 337 Direction de l'Education de l'O
Page 357 and 358: 339 spécialisées de l'ONU, dix-se
Page 359 and 360: 341 Les résultats des activités d
Page 361 and 362: L’OCDE 343 OCDE n'est pas puremen
Page 363: Author’s introduction Mr. Amjad A
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