Higher education in Asian countries and the role of international ...

286
under the same conditions as those pertaining to the holder of a comparable qualification or
certificate awarded in that State.
Recognition' of a foreign qualification in higher education with a view to the practice of a
profession means acceptance by the competent authorities of the professional preparation of the
holder for the practice of the profession concerned, without prejudice, however, to the legal and
professional rules or procedures in force in the States concerned and provided the holder would
be entitled to practice the same profession in the State in which the professional preparation and
qualification had been obtained; such recognition does not exempt the holder of the foreign
qualification from complying with any other conditions for the practice of the profession
concerned that may be laid down by the competent governmental or professional authorities in
the States concerned.
School life expectancy from primary to tertiary is the number of years a four-year old girl or
boy is expected to spend in education from primary to tertiary level, including years spent on
repetition. Data are disaggregated by sex.
Secondary education means studies of any kind that follow primary, elementary or basic
education and are a prerequisite for admission to higher education.
Technical assistance
Technical assistance is defined as “the transfer or adaptation of ideas, knowledge, practices,
technologies, or skills to foster economic development. The purposes of Bank technical
assistance are classified as follows: (a) Policy development, (b) Institutional development, (c)
Capacity building, and (d) Project or program support" (McMahon, 1997).
Technical assistance is the delivery of programmatic expert, professional and management
advice, suggestions, instructions, skills training, knowledge sharing services to governments,
organizations and communities to support the socio-economic development.
Technical Assistance (The World Bank definition)
“Technical assistance is professional technical advice from the Bank that supports legal, policy,
management, governance and other reforms needed to reach a country's economic, social and
poverty reduction goals. It falls under the category of non-lending” (The World Bank, 2010).
Technical assistance (ADB definition)
Technical assistance is a vital element of ADB's development strategy. Through its technical
assistance operations, ADB assists its developing member countries in