Higher education in Asian countries and the role of international ...
Higher education in Asian countries and the role of international ...
Higher education in Asian countries and the role of international ...
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Annex I - Def<strong>in</strong>itions<br />
284<br />
Annexes<br />
Adult literacy rate is <strong>the</strong> percentage <strong>of</strong> population aged 15 years <strong>and</strong> over who can both read<br />
<strong>and</strong> write with underst<strong>and</strong><strong>in</strong>g a short simple statement on his/her everyday life.<br />
Capacity build<strong>in</strong>g is planned development <strong>of</strong> or an <strong>in</strong>crease <strong>in</strong> knowledge, skills, competencies,<br />
abilities, efficiencies, <strong>and</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r capabilities <strong>of</strong> people, communities or organization through<br />
acquisition, <strong>in</strong>centives, technology, <strong>and</strong>/or tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g.<br />
Gross enrolment ratio <strong>in</strong> tertiary <strong>education</strong> is <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> pupils enrolled <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> tertiary<br />
level <strong>of</strong> <strong>education</strong>, regardless <strong>of</strong> age, expressed as a percentage <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> population <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong>oretical age group for <strong>the</strong> same level <strong>of</strong> <strong>education</strong>. For <strong>the</strong> tertiary level, <strong>the</strong> population used is<br />
<strong>the</strong> five-year age group follow<strong>in</strong>g on from <strong>the</strong> secondary school leav<strong>in</strong>g age.<br />
<strong>Higher</strong> <strong>education</strong> it means all types <strong>of</strong> studies, tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g or tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g for research at <strong>the</strong> post-<br />
secondary level, provided by universities or o<strong>the</strong>r <strong>education</strong>al establishments which are approved<br />
as <strong>in</strong>stitutions <strong>of</strong> higher <strong>education</strong> by <strong>the</strong> competent State authorities.<br />
Internationalization is a variety <strong>of</strong> policies <strong>and</strong> programs that universities <strong>and</strong> governments<br />
implement to respond globalization that may <strong>in</strong>clude send<strong>in</strong>g students to study abroad, sett<strong>in</strong>g up<br />
a branch campus overseas, or engag<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> some type <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>ter-<strong>in</strong>stitutional partnership (Altbach,<br />
Reisberg et Rumbley 2009).<br />
International organization mean <strong>in</strong>stitutions that have a formal system <strong>of</strong> rules, objectives, <strong>and</strong><br />
adm<strong>in</strong>istrative structure, <strong>and</strong>, which have an <strong>in</strong>volvement <strong>of</strong>, <strong>in</strong>teraction between <strong>in</strong>dividuals,<br />
groups, o<strong>the</strong>r organizations or nations, generally beyond national boundaries.<br />
Intergovernmental Organizations or IGOs are formal, cont<strong>in</strong>uous structure established by<br />
agreement between members states, whe<strong>the</strong>r governmental representatives from sovereign states<br />
work to pursue common <strong>in</strong>terest <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> member <strong>countries</strong>.<br />
Literacy is <strong>the</strong> ability to read <strong>and</strong> write with underst<strong>and</strong><strong>in</strong>g a simple statement related to one‟s<br />
daily life. It <strong>in</strong>volves a cont<strong>in</strong>uum <strong>of</strong> read<strong>in</strong>g <strong>and</strong> writ<strong>in</strong>g skills, <strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong>ten <strong>in</strong>cludes also basic<br />
arithmetic skills (numeracy).<br />
Net enrolment ratio <strong>in</strong> primary <strong>education</strong> is <strong>the</strong> number <strong>of</strong> pupils <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>the</strong>oretical school-age<br />
group for primary <strong>education</strong>, expressed as a percentage <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> total population <strong>in</strong> that age group.<br />
Qualification <strong>in</strong> higher <strong>education</strong> means any diploma, degree or o<strong>the</strong>r qualify<strong>in</strong>g certificate that