Higher education in Asian countries and the role of international ...
Higher education in Asian countries and the role of international ...
Higher education in Asian countries and the role of international ...
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<strong>education</strong> sector where 21% <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> total loans was <strong>in</strong>vested. The share <strong>of</strong> higher <strong>education</strong> sub-<br />
sector <strong>in</strong> loans for <strong>education</strong> sector st<strong>and</strong>s at 5% <strong>and</strong> 33% <strong>in</strong> terms <strong>of</strong> number <strong>of</strong> projects: $2.2<br />
billion loans for 28 projects for Indonesian higher <strong>education</strong> <strong>and</strong> two projects are still active. It is<br />
followed by <strong>the</strong> Philipp<strong>in</strong>es where <strong>the</strong> Bank has <strong>in</strong>vested $16.6 billion <strong>in</strong> 259 <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g $1.6<br />
billion for <strong>education</strong> sector <strong>in</strong> 21 projects. The share <strong>of</strong> higher <strong>education</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> loans st<strong>and</strong>s at<br />
3.7% ($0.57 billion) for eight projects.<br />
The World Bank <strong>in</strong>vestment <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> selected <strong>countries</strong> <strong>of</strong> South East Asia<br />
Country Type All fields Education<br />
Indonesia<br />
Malaysia<br />
Myanmar<br />
The Philipp<strong>in</strong>es<br />
Thail<strong>and</strong><br />
Vietnam<br />
<strong>Higher</strong><br />
<strong>education</strong><br />
Project 464 83 28<br />
Lend<strong>in</strong>g 45566.57 9456.78 2274.89<br />
Project 92 15 5<br />
Lend<strong>in</strong>g 4450.6 1316.2 336.8<br />
Project 34 0 0<br />
Lend<strong>in</strong>g 837.4 0 0<br />
Project 259 21 8<br />
Lend<strong>in</strong>g 16636.06 1620.5 567.4<br />
Project 170 15 4<br />
Lend<strong>in</strong>g 10058.79 738.8 128.9<br />
Project 181 33 8<br />
Lend<strong>in</strong>g 15256.99 3080.03 650.64<br />
Source: Table is produced by <strong>the</strong> research, data from The World Bank 2011, Lend<strong>in</strong>g unit is <strong>in</strong> Million US$<br />
Table 22 The World Bank <strong>in</strong>vestment <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> selected <strong>countries</strong> <strong>of</strong> South East Asia<br />
Projects for <strong>Higher</strong> Education<br />
Active First Last<br />
2 Dec-78 Jul-07<br />
0 May-82 Mar-93<br />
0 … …<br />
0 Oct-64 Feb-00<br />
0 May-72 Jun-96<br />
3 Aug-98 Jun-10<br />
Malaysia, Indonesia <strong>and</strong> Vietnam spent 7.5%, 4.9% <strong>and</strong> 4.2% respectively on higher <strong>education</strong><br />
<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> total loans for <strong>education</strong> sector. Here one th<strong>in</strong>g is worth mention<strong>in</strong>g that <strong>the</strong>re is no<br />
<strong>in</strong>vestment <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Bank <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>education</strong> sector <strong>in</strong> Myanmar. Likewise <strong>the</strong> Bank is no <strong>in</strong>vest<strong>in</strong>g<br />
<strong>the</strong> higher <strong>education</strong> <strong>of</strong> Malaysia, <strong>the</strong> Philipp<strong>in</strong>es <strong>and</strong> Thail<strong>and</strong> for <strong>the</strong> last decade or more as<br />
<strong>the</strong>re is no dem<strong>and</strong> from <strong>the</strong> <strong>countries</strong> (The World Bank, 2010)<br />
The Bank is no more <strong>in</strong>vest<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> higher <strong>education</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> selected three <strong>countries</strong> <strong>of</strong> East<br />
Asia. Two <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se <strong>countries</strong>, Japan <strong>and</strong> South Korea; have graduated <strong>in</strong> 1965 <strong>and</strong> 2001<br />
respectively as <strong>the</strong>y do not need any assistance from <strong>the</strong> Bank <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>y st<strong>and</strong>s <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> donors list.<br />
Whereas <strong>in</strong> Ch<strong>in</strong>a <strong>the</strong> Bank is still <strong>in</strong>vest<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> different fields: <strong>the</strong> Bank has <strong>in</strong>vested<br />
$51.7billion <strong>in</strong> 441 projects <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g 4.4billion for 40 projects <strong>in</strong> <strong>education</strong> sectors, 19 <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m<br />
were for <strong>the</strong> higher <strong>education</strong> sector. The Bank is no more <strong>in</strong>vest<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> Ch<strong>in</strong>ese higher<br />
<strong>education</strong>; <strong>the</strong> last <strong>in</strong>vestment was approved <strong>in</strong> 1999 for a project named “<strong>Higher</strong> Education
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