Higher education in Asian countries and the role of international ...
Higher education in Asian countries and the role of international ...
Higher education in Asian countries and the role of international ...
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
177<br />
5.2.8 OECD <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> World <strong>and</strong> its enlargement<br />
OECD has 34 member states <strong>and</strong> four centers <strong>in</strong> Germany, Japan, Mexico <strong>and</strong> United States. For<br />
<strong>the</strong> last few years <strong>the</strong> OECD has embarked on extension process <strong>of</strong> OECD circle by establish<strong>in</strong>g<br />
work<strong>in</strong>g relations with stable <strong>and</strong> emerg<strong>in</strong>g economies <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> world. The process <strong>of</strong> OECD<br />
enlargement is complex <strong>and</strong> long as non-<strong>countries</strong> cannot get accession to <strong>the</strong> Organization<br />
directly but as <strong>the</strong>y have to enter <strong>in</strong>to <strong>the</strong> enhanced engagement first for some period that can<br />
later on lead to membership. The accession procedure also <strong>in</strong>volves a series <strong>of</strong> exam<strong>in</strong>ations to<br />
assess <strong>and</strong> evaluate c<strong>and</strong>idate country‟s ability to meet OECD st<strong>and</strong>ards <strong>in</strong> a wide range <strong>of</strong><br />
policy areas.<br />
In 2007 <strong>the</strong> OECD Council at M<strong>in</strong>isterial level adopted a resolution to streng<strong>the</strong>n <strong>the</strong> co-<br />
operation with selected <strong>countries</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> world <strong>the</strong>y agreed enlarge OECD by <strong>in</strong>vit<strong>in</strong>g Chile,<br />
Estonia, Israel, Russia <strong>and</strong> Slovenia for membership. These <strong>countries</strong> except Russia became<br />
OECD members <strong>in</strong> 2010. The council also <strong>of</strong>fered Brazil, Ch<strong>in</strong>a, India, Indonesia <strong>and</strong> South<br />
Africa OECD cooperation with enhanced engagement <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> same meet<strong>in</strong>g. This resolution was<br />
adopted <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> light <strong>of</strong> articles 1, 2, 5, 12 <strong>and</strong> 16 <strong>of</strong> OECD convention <strong>and</strong> its 14 December 1960<br />
developments <strong>and</strong> reports C(2004)60, C/M(2006)9, <strong>and</strong> C(2007)42 & CORR1 & 2. The council<br />
also passed a resolution, which gave an <strong>in</strong>dication <strong>of</strong> fur<strong>the</strong>r expansion <strong>of</strong> OECD umbrella over<br />
Asia. Accord<strong>in</strong>g to this resolution “Council Invites <strong>the</strong> Secretary-General to explore <strong>and</strong> develop<br />
recommendations to Council on how to exp<strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> OECD‟s relations,… <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> priority will be<br />
given to South East Asia with a view to identify<strong>in</strong>g <strong>countries</strong> for possible membership”. The<br />
OECD‟s Centre for Co-operation with Non-Members acts as a l<strong>in</strong>k<strong>in</strong>g l<strong>in</strong>e between <strong>the</strong><br />
Organization <strong>and</strong> non-member economies. This centre also develops, directs <strong>and</strong> supervises <strong>the</strong><br />
strategic orientation <strong>of</strong> relationship with non-member <strong>countries</strong>.<br />
5.2.9 OECD <strong>in</strong> Asia<br />
Soon after its birth <strong>the</strong> OCED <strong>in</strong>creased its presence <strong>in</strong> Asia by giv<strong>in</strong>g an entry to Japan <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
Organization <strong>in</strong> 1964, whereas Turkey was already a member <strong>of</strong> this organization. Though<br />
OECD like OEEC is not purely European or regional organization, until 1995 it did not give<br />
membership to any <strong>Asian</strong> country. In 1996 Korea <strong>and</strong> <strong>in</strong> 2010 Israel became its members. OECD<br />
fur<strong>the</strong>r <strong>in</strong>creased its presence <strong>and</strong> visibility <strong>in</strong> Asia by giv<strong>in</strong>g Enhanced Engagement status to<br />
three <strong>Asian</strong> <strong>countries</strong> namely Ch<strong>in</strong>a, India <strong>and</strong> Indonesia. Today after 50 years <strong>of</strong> its creation <strong>the</strong><br />
members table shows that still OECD has very low presence <strong>and</strong> visibility <strong>in</strong> this cont<strong>in</strong>ent with