Higher education in Asian countries and the role of international ...

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laws against spam. They may also result in guidelines, for example “Guidelines for Quality
Provision in Cross-Border Higher Education”, or on “corporate governance or environmental
practices”. 25
5.2.4.2 Approaches towards knowledge sharing
OECD uses publications as its principal tool for presenting and disseminating its research work
and intellectual output. Every year OECD publishes regular outlooks, annual overviews, reports
and comparative statistical studies. OECD website is one of the biggest and richest data
resources of the world, and on 17 July 2009 the OECD iLibrary was also made available to
enrich it further. This iLibrary is accessible to subscribed institutions and organization only.
5.2.4.3 OECD Budget
The OECD governing council sets the budget and scope of work on a two-yearly basis. With the
approval of the Council, countries may also make voluntary contributions to special programs or
outputs not funded from the main budget. The OECD budget for 2011-12 is € 324 million.
OECD is funded by its 30 member countries. National contributions are based on a formula,
which takes account of the size of each member's economy. The largest contributor is the United
States which provides nearly 22.2% of the budget, followed by Japan with 12.2%, Germany
8.3%, France 6.4% and the U.K 6.2%.
5.2.4.4 How the budget is managed
The size of OECD's budget and its program of work are determined on a two-year basis by
member countries. The Organization's planning, budgeting and management are all organised on
a results-based system. Independent external auditing of the Organization‟s accounts and
financial management is performed by a Supreme Audit Institution of an OECD Member
Country, appointed by the Council.
5.2.5 Role of OECD in education
OECD is not purely an educational organization but it considers education as a mean to achieve
its objectives so the Organization works on education to bring economic development in the
member countries. OECD drives its mandate to work in the field of education from the Article 2
of the convention signed on 14 December 1960. According to the section-b of this article OECD
25 OECD