Higher education in Asian countries and the role of international ...

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xii Abbreviations ADB Asian Development Bank AHELO Assessment of Higher Education Learning Outcomes AIMS Assessment, Information Systems, Monitoring and Statistics APEID Asia-Pacific Program of Educational Innovation for Development APPEAL Asia-Pacific Program of Education for All APQN Asia-Pacific Quality Network ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations () BP Before Present CARs Central Asian Republics CASs Country Assistance Strategies CCNR Commission Centrale pour la Navigation du Rhin CELE Center for Effective Learning Environments CEPES UNESCO European Centre for Higher Education CERI Centre for Educational Research and Innovation CHED Commission on Higher Education CSOs The World Bank and civil society organizations EFA Education For All EPR Education Policy and Reform ESD Education for Sustainable Development EU European Union FAO Food and Agriculture Organization FY Fiscal Year G8 The Group of Eight GATS General Agreement on Trade in Services GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade GDP Gross Domestic Product GEN Global Educational Network GER Gross Enrolment Ratio GIQAC Global Initiative for Quality Assurance Capacity HE Higher Education HEC Higher Education Commission HEIs Higher Education Institutions HP2 The HIV Prevention and Health Promotion IAU International Association of Universities IBRD The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development ICSID The International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes ICT Information and Communications Technology IDA International Development Association IEG Independent Evaluation Group
IFC International Finance Corporation IGOs Intergovernmental Organizations IIEP International Institute for Educational Planning IKM Information and Knowledge Management ILO International Labor Organization IMF International Monetary Fund IMHE Program on Institutional Management in Higher Education INGOs International Non-governmental Organizations INQAAHE International Network for Quality Assurance Agencies in Higher Education IOs International Organizations IR International Relations ISCED International Standard Classification of Education ITU International Telecommunication Union JIPS Japan Indonesia Presidential Scholarship Program LDCs Less Developed Countries MDGs Millennium Development Goals MIGA Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency MNE Multinational enterprises NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization NER Net Enrolment Ration NGOs Nongovernmental Organizations OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development OEEC the Organization for European Economic Co-operation OIC Organization of the Islamic Conference PISA Program for International Student Assessment PPP Purchasing Power Parity PRSPs Poverty Reduction Strategies SAARC South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation SEAMEO Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization TERO Teacher Education Reform Office TVET Technical and Vocational Education and Training UIA Union of International Associations UN United Nations UNDP United Nations Development Program UNEP United Nations Environment Program UNEP the United Nations Environment Program UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UNICEF United Nations Children's Fund UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organization UNISIST United Nations International Scientific Information System UNITWIN University Twinning xiii
Page 1 and 2: Higher education in Asian countries
Page 4 and 5: ii Dedicated to my parents
Page 6 and 7: ii 3 CONCEPTUAL WORK ..............
Page 8 and 9: iv 4.2.3 Europeans in Asia ........
Page 10 and 11: vi 5.2 ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC CO
Page 12 and 13: viii 5.3.8.1.2.2 The Robert S. McNa
Page 14 and 15: Figures x Table 24 The World Bank i
Page 18 and 19: xiv UNLD United Nations Literacy De
Page 20 and 21: 2 productivity that has become esse
Page 22 and 23: 4 Central Commission for Navigation
Page 24 and 25: 6 and international levels and over
Page 26 and 27: 1 Presentation of the research 1.1
Page 28 and 29: 10 tertiary level is less than 15%,
Page 30 and 31: 12 These hypotheses are general in
Page 32 and 33: 14 the scope of the study and by de
Page 34 and 35: 16 Participation observation to ha
Page 36 and 37: 18 The count of IGO‟s activities
Page 38 and 39: 20 aims, objectives, priorities and
Page 40 and 41: 22 important actors at internationa
Page 42 and 43: 24 capital theory in order to study
Page 44 and 45: 26 performed by that organization.
Page 46 and 47: 28 According to Bernoux (1985) “E
Page 48 and 49: 30 Before World War I, IGOs were mo
Page 50 and 51: 32 3.3.2 Classification on the basi
Page 52 and 53: 34 council exercise certain of its
Page 54 and 55: 3.3.4.1.1 Hybrid character 36 Conve
Page 56 and 57: 3.4 Theories of International Organ
Page 58 and 59: 40 translate into loss of powers if
Page 60 and 61: 3.4.4.1 Neo-institutionalism 42 Neo
Page 62 and 63: 44 socio-economic development at na
Page 64 and 65: 46 changing needs and meet the new
Page 66 and 67:
48 Game theory deals with parties (
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50 perfect information and imperfec
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3.5.1.2 Cooperative game 52 In a co
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54 economic development, national n
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3.6 Definition of higher education
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58 between 17 to 20 years and durat
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4 Asia and higher education 4.1 Int
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1. East Asia: China, Japan, Mongoli
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65 Similarly in East Asian region a
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4.3 History of Education 67 Educati
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69 institutions, financing and fund
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71 because in these economies the e
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73 capacity, and for developing oth
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75 This region is passing through a
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77 Whereas the average value for As
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79 is evident from the state polici
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81 Thailand and Malaysia are the le
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83 According to the World Bank, wid
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Source: The University of Texas Lib
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4.8 Economic Growth and higher educ
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89 provide objective and effective
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91 purpose of existence and t three
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93 general and of human knowledge,
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95 To approve the draft program sub
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97 non UN intergovernmental organiz
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99 The Bureau of Field Coordination
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101 4. UNESCO Office in Beijing - C
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Chairs And Networks Field Offices 5
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105 and centers function as capacit
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107 5.1.1.7.1 International Institu
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7. Caribbean Development Bank 8. Co
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111 34. International Association o
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113 5. Netherlands Organization for
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115 friendly policies and strategie
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117 Protocol Instituting a Concili
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119 In today‟s globalized world i
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121 and a bridge between research,
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Figure 9 Distribution of UNESCO cha
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5.1.2.7 Open Distant Education (ODL
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127 In this regard both organizatio
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129 At national level UNESCO, throu
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131 was adopted by WCHE in 1998, to
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5.1.2.13 Cluster offices 133 A clus
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2. Jakarta Regional Bureau for Scie
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137 Regional Bureau for Education B
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139 Assessment, Information System
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141 concerned. It assists in the pr
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143 5.1.4 UNESCO-Bangkok office rol
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145 has produced 51 publications on
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147 In the field of higher educatio
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Summary 149 UNESCO is the heir of I
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151 policy reforms. APEID is contri
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5.2.2 History and creation of OECD
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5.2.3.2 Council 155 Governance stru
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157 Directorate for Employment, Lab
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159 Non-Members (CCNM) develops and
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161 laws against spam. They may als
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163 5.2.5.1.1 Program for Internati
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165 students, at age 15, are prepar
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167 The CELE is actively working to
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169 33rd session of its General Con
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171 Phase 2: an exploration of appr
Page 191 and 192:
173 European Federation for Retirem
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UN Development Group (UNDG) UN Deve
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177 5.2.8 OECD in the World and its
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179 Status of the Asian Countries i
Page 199 and 200:
181 Knowledge based economy and inf
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183 documents belongs to these cate
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185 A large part of the OECD‟s ac
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5.3.1 A glance at the World Bank 18
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of payments and international reser
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191 these countries to meet the ter
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193 by the president of the World B
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5.3.2 The World Bank 195 The World
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197 including early childhood educa
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Member states of: 199 All five WBG
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201 The European Bank for Reconstru
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203 transforming and changing in al
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205 graduate studies that are award
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207 despite of two economic recessi
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209 Summary of the total lending in
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211 education sector where 21% of t
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213 West Asia comprises of 15 sover
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215 South East Asia where the Bank
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217 Several projects successfully
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219 infrastructure development; fro
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221 The Independent Evaluation Grou
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223 countries has achieved 100% GER
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225 universities. State and institu
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Malaysia 227 In Malaysia all educat
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229 primary, secondary and tertiary
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231 government gave more focus to v
Page 251 and 252:
233 transform the higher education
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235 Development (DESD) in 2005, UNE
Page 255 and 256:
237 The time series data, from 1970
Page 257 and 258:
239 Present higher education system
Page 259 and 260:
241 toolkits for teachers and other
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243 these legal instruments. IIEP i
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245 partner countries in Asia and n
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6.3 Response to research questions
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7 Discussion 249 What is the role o
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251 development of human capital, w
Page 271 and 272:
253 In the 1980s the differences be
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255 certainly today we have had a d
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7.4 A shift in IGOs’ stance 257 A
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259 as responsive and high quality
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261 education. The following table
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Conclusions 263 The increased numbe
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265 the countries, for the last two
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267 Outcomes; quality teaching in h
Page 287 and 288:
269 Barnett, M., & Press, M. F. (20
Page 289 and 290:
271 Dincauze, D. F. (2000). Environ
Page 291 and 292:
273 IIEP-UNESCO. (2010). Strategic
Page 293 and 294:
275 McLean, I., & McMillan, A. (200
Page 295 and 296:
277 Powersa, J. B., & McDougall, P.
Page 297 and 298:
279 The World Bank. (2000). Higher
Page 299 and 300:
281 UNESCO. (2010). Recognition of
Page 301 and 302:
283 Yusuf, S. (2007). University-In
Page 303 and 304:
285 is awarded by an institution of
Page 305 and 306:
287 identifying, formulating, and i
Page 307 and 308:
289 Annex II- List of the UNESCO-AP
Page 309 and 310:
291 20th AAOU Annual Conference: Re
Page 311 and 312:
1997-1998 293 Regional Conference o
Page 313 and 314:
Source: Table is based on the data
Page 315 and 316:
Net enrolment rate. Secondary. All
Page 317 and 318:
299 School life expectancy (years).
Page 319 and 320:
301 Educational expenditure by natu
Page 321 and 322:
303 . Public expenditure per pupil
Page 323 and 324:
305 Arab and European States Border
Page 325 and 326:
. 307 Convention on the Recognition
Page 327 and 328:
309 Higher education UNESCO-Bangkok
Page 329 and 330:
. . 311 A glance at education Repub
Page 331 and 332:
. A glance at education Philippines
Page 333 and 334:
315 A glance at education in India
Page 335 and 336:
317 A glance at education in Afghan
Page 337 and 338:
319 A glance at education Syrian Ar
Page 339 and 340:
Annex VI - List of the UNESCO Chair
Page 341 and 342:
323 UNITWIN Network on emergency pr
Page 343 and 344:
325 UNITWIN Network on Economics Te
Page 345 and 346:
327 Major higher education UNESCO p
Page 347 and 348:
Résumé L'augmentation du nombre d
Page 349 and 350:
331 comment, quand et pourquoi ces
Page 351 and 352:
333 laboratoire d'idées, un produc
Page 353 and 354:
335 différents. Le bureau de Bangk
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337 Direction de l'Education de l'O
Page 357 and 358:
339 spécialisées de l'ONU, dix-se
Page 359 and 360:
341 Les résultats des activités d
Page 361 and 362:
L’OCDE 343 OCDE n'est pas puremen
Page 363:
Author’s introduction Mr. Amjad A
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