Higher education in Asian countries and the role of international ...
Higher education in Asian countries and the role of international ...
Higher education in Asian countries and the role of international ...
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friendly policies <strong>and</strong> strategies. In <strong>the</strong> member <strong>countries</strong> UNESCO is play<strong>in</strong>g its <strong>role</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
establishment <strong>of</strong> higher <strong>education</strong> system by <strong>the</strong> follow<strong>in</strong>g measures:<br />
National capacity build<strong>in</strong>g <strong>and</strong> streng<strong>the</strong>n<strong>in</strong>g<br />
Teacher tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g <strong>and</strong> policy development<br />
Support <strong>in</strong> research <strong>and</strong> knowledge shar<strong>in</strong>g<br />
ICTs <strong>in</strong> <strong>education</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>in</strong> lifelong learn<strong>in</strong>g<br />
UNESCO's activities globally concentrate on three priority areas: women, African <strong>countries</strong> <strong>and</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> least developed <strong>countries</strong>. To achieve its goals UNESCO <strong>the</strong>refore give first priority to<br />
<strong>education</strong> for good citizenship <strong>and</strong> for values, which promote peace <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> fulfillment <strong>of</strong> human<br />
rights. UNESCO also promotes literacy as a basic human right <strong>and</strong> as a necessity for durable<br />
development. It is <strong>the</strong> coord<strong>in</strong>at<strong>in</strong>g agency for <strong>the</strong> United Nations Literacy Decade (2003-2012),<br />
Education for All (EFA) <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> Decade for Education for Susta<strong>in</strong>able Development (2005-<br />
2014).<br />
5.1.2.1 UNESCO’s legal contribution to higher <strong>education</strong><br />
Unlike trade <strong>and</strong> commerce <strong>the</strong> expansion <strong>of</strong> higher <strong>education</strong> is a recent phenomenon <strong>and</strong> <strong>in</strong><br />
many regions it is still <strong>in</strong> a develop<strong>in</strong>g stage. Until recent past <strong>the</strong>re did not exist any legal<br />
<strong>in</strong>struments at <strong>in</strong>ternational <strong>and</strong> regional levels that could guide <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>teraction <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>stitutions <strong>and</strong><br />
personnel, <strong>and</strong> flow <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>formation, shar<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> experiences <strong>and</strong> exchange <strong>of</strong> students. In this<br />
context UNESCO be<strong>in</strong>g a lead<strong>in</strong>g organization <strong>of</strong> UN system <strong>in</strong> higher <strong>education</strong> has played an<br />
important <strong>role</strong> <strong>of</strong> a statutory body by erect<strong>in</strong>g, adopt<strong>in</strong>g <strong>and</strong> facilitat<strong>in</strong>g different legal<br />
<strong>in</strong>struments, s<strong>in</strong>ce its <strong>in</strong>ception, <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> fields where it has been m<strong>and</strong>ated. In <strong>the</strong> field <strong>of</strong> higher<br />
<strong>education</strong> also UNESCO has <strong>in</strong>troduced legal <strong>in</strong>struments that <strong>in</strong>clude: conventions,<br />
recommendations, treaties <strong>and</strong> agreement at <strong>in</strong>ternational, regional <strong>and</strong> sub-regional levels.<br />
These UNESCO legal <strong>in</strong>struments on higher <strong>education</strong> serve <strong>the</strong> purpose <strong>of</strong> students, teachers,<br />
<strong>in</strong>stitutions <strong>and</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r stakeholders who are l<strong>in</strong>ked with higher <strong>education</strong>. Likewise member<br />
states use <strong>the</strong>se to frame national laws, policies <strong>and</strong> to establish l<strong>in</strong>ks with o<strong>the</strong>r nations.<br />
Worldwide <strong>the</strong>se legal or formal documents ensure equal opportunities, wider access to quality<br />
higher <strong>education</strong>, <strong>in</strong>ternationalization <strong>of</strong> higher <strong>education</strong>, <strong>and</strong> enhanced mobility <strong>of</strong> students,
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