Higher education in Asian countries and the role of international ...
Higher education in Asian countries and the role of international ...
Higher education in Asian countries and the role of international ...
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Source: The University <strong>of</strong> Texas Libraries 13<br />
85<br />
S<strong>in</strong>ce 2000, <strong>in</strong> Armenia <strong>the</strong> participation rate at higher <strong>education</strong> level has doubled; from 23.6%<br />
to 50.1%. Likewise <strong>in</strong> all o<strong>the</strong>r <strong>countries</strong> also an <strong>in</strong>crease was seen except Georgia <strong>and</strong><br />
Uzbekistan where a decrease was seen. Despite <strong>of</strong> this decrease school life expectancy has<br />
improved <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong>se <strong>countries</strong> dur<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> same period.<br />
<strong>Higher</strong> <strong>education</strong> <strong>in</strong> central Asia<br />
Country Gross enrolment ratio Tertiary School life expectancy <strong>in</strong> years<br />
(ISCED 5 <strong>and</strong> 6)<br />
(Primary to tertiary)<br />
1990 2000 2009 1990 2000 2009<br />
Central Asia ... 20.7 24.7 ... 11.0 12.3<br />
Armenia 23.2 23.6 50.1 ... 11.0 12.0<br />
Azerbaijan 22.9 15.7 19.1 10.6 10.7 11.8<br />
Georgia ... 38.0 25.8 12.4 11.7 13.1<br />
Kazakhstan 39.1 28.2 41.0 12.4 12.3 15.0<br />
Kyrgyzstan 26.5 34.7 50.8 11.8 11.9 12.5<br />
Mongolia 18.3 30.1 52.7 10.0 9.5 14.1<br />
Tajikistan 21.8 14.0 19.8 11.9 9.9 11.4<br />
Turkmenistan 12.1 ... ... ... ... ...<br />
Uzbekistan 17.0 13.0 9.8 11.3 10.8 11.4<br />
… = Data not available Table is based on <strong>the</strong> data from UIS-UNESCO 2011<br />
Table 7 A glance at higher <strong>education</strong> <strong>in</strong> Central Asia<br />
4.7.5 Western Asia<br />
The Western part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Asia ma<strong>in</strong>ly comprises on <strong>the</strong> region that is famous as Middle East. A<br />
majority <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> states are Arab States. Usually thirteen <strong>countries</strong> are called western Asia:<br />
Bahra<strong>in</strong>, Iraq, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, UAE <strong>and</strong><br />
Yemen. This area has low population density <strong>and</strong> higher per capita GDP. Education has<br />
developed <strong>and</strong> spread <strong>in</strong> this sub-region dur<strong>in</strong>g past few decades. In most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>countries</strong> <strong>of</strong> this<br />
sub-region participation rate at secondary level is more than 85% except that <strong>of</strong> Iraq <strong>and</strong> Syria<br />
where it is 37 <strong>and</strong> 45 percent respectively. The participation rate at higher <strong>education</strong> level has a<br />
great diversity; it ranges from merely 10.2% <strong>in</strong> Qatar to 63% <strong>in</strong> Turkey. The school life<br />
expectancy shows a ris<strong>in</strong>g trend <strong>in</strong> all <strong>countries</strong> <strong>of</strong> this sub-region. It is 15.5 years <strong>in</strong> Turkey <strong>and</strong><br />
Israel <strong>and</strong> less than twelve years <strong>in</strong> Oman. Accord<strong>in</strong>g to <strong>the</strong> UNESCO data <strong>the</strong> participation rate<br />
at tertiary level is cont<strong>in</strong>uously ris<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> all <strong>countries</strong> <strong>of</strong> this region except Qatar where it has<br />
13 Courtesy <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> University <strong>of</strong> Texas Libraries, The University <strong>of</strong> Texas at Aust<strong>in</strong> [Open source:<br />
(http://www.lib.utexas.edu/usage_statement.html?maps=yes)]
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