Diversifying crop rotations with temporary grasslands - Université de ...
Diversifying crop rotations with temporary grasslands - Université de ...
Diversifying crop rotations with temporary grasslands - Université de ...
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DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3180.2010.00784.x<br />
Perennial lucerne affects weed community trajectories<br />
in grain <strong>crop</strong> <strong>rotations</strong><br />
HMEISS* , SMÉDIE` NEà, R WALDHARDT , J CANEILL*, V BRETAGNOLLE§,<br />
XREBOUD*&NMUNIER-JOLAIN*<br />
*INRA, UMR 1210 Biologie et Gestion <strong>de</strong>s Adventices, Dijon, France, Division of Landscape Ecology and Landscape Planning, Institute of<br />
Landscape Ecology and Resources Management, IFZ, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany, àAgroParisTech, UMR 211 INRA-<br />
AgroParisTech, Thiverval-Grignon, France, and §CEBC-CNRS, Beauvoir-sur-Niort, France<br />
Received 29 September 2009<br />
Revised version accepted 24 February 2010<br />
Summary<br />
Complex <strong>crop</strong> <strong>rotations</strong> may be beneficial for weed<br />
management. We analysed how pluriannual forage<br />
<strong>crop</strong>s may affect weed composition during cereal-based<br />
<strong>crop</strong> <strong>rotations</strong>. Using a space-for-time-substitution<br />
<strong>de</strong>sign, we compared weed composition and diversity<br />
before, during and after perennial <strong>crop</strong>s. We surveyed<br />
four groups of fields: (a) winter wheat (Triticum aestivum<br />
L.) following annual <strong>crop</strong>s, (b) 1-year old lucerne<br />
(Medicago sativa L.) following annual <strong>crop</strong>s, (c)<br />
2–6 years old lucerne and (d) winter wheat following<br />
pluriannual lucerne in western France (420 fields in<br />
total). Weed composition varied among the four groups,<br />
suggesting a cyclic trajectory corresponding to the<br />
phases of the <strong>crop</strong> rotation. Indicator Species Analysis<br />
showed that these differences were due to at least 40<br />
species, including the most common weeds. A functional<br />
group analysis showed that perennial lucerne <strong>crop</strong>s<br />
shifted the communities away from several problematic<br />
weeds, especially annual broad-leaved species <strong>with</strong> an<br />
upright or climbing morphology. This effect was also<br />
visible in the wheat following lucerne. Other species<br />
(including perennials, annuals <strong>with</strong> rosettes and some<br />
grasses) benefited from the particular growth conditions<br />
in lucerne but <strong>de</strong>creased in the following wheat. The<br />
diversification of arable <strong>crop</strong> <strong>rotations</strong> <strong>with</strong> perennial<br />
<strong>crop</strong>s may thus be useful for Integrated Weed Management,<br />
reducing the need for herbici<strong>de</strong>s. Other species less<br />
harmful to annual <strong>crop</strong>s were favoured, resulting in<br />
increased floristic diversity.<br />
Keywords: Integrated Weed Management, <strong>crop</strong> diversification,<br />
<strong>temporary</strong> grassland, perennial forage <strong>crop</strong>s,<br />
Medicago sativa, weed functional group, community<br />
dynamics.<br />
MEISS H, ME´DIÈNE S, WALDHARDT R, CANEILL J, BRETAGNOLLE V, REBOUD X&MUNIER-JOLAIN N (2010). Perennial<br />
lucerne affects weed community trajectories in grain <strong>crop</strong> <strong>rotations</strong>. Weed Research 50, 331–340.<br />
Introduction<br />
Most current <strong>crop</strong>ping systems are mainly based on<br />
chemical pest and weed control. The sustainability of<br />
such systems is questioned more and more because<br />
of groundwater pollution, loss of biodiversity, selection<br />
of resistance, pestici<strong>de</strong> residues in food and high<br />
economic costs (Nazarko et al., 2005). As a consequence,<br />
there is a growing interest in <strong>de</strong>signing <strong>crop</strong>ping<br />
systems less reliant on pestici<strong>de</strong>s, including herbici<strong>de</strong>s. It<br />
is wi<strong>de</strong>ly recognised that <strong>crop</strong> rotation (i.e., temporal<br />
<strong>crop</strong> diversification) may play a significant role in weed<br />
management (Liebman & Dyck, 1993; Bellin<strong>de</strong>r et al.,<br />
2004; Smith & Gross, 2007; and references therein).<br />
Each <strong>crop</strong> provi<strong>de</strong>s specific weed growth conditions,<br />
<strong>de</strong>termined by <strong>crop</strong>-specific characteristics and associated<br />
management practices (Doucet et al., 1999), hence<br />
acting like a filter <strong>de</strong>termining the assembly of weed<br />
Correspon<strong>de</strong>nce: Nicolas Munier-Jolain, Institut National <strong>de</strong> la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 1210 Biologie et Gestion <strong>de</strong>s Adventices,<br />
INRA ⁄ AgroSup Dijon ⁄ Universite´ <strong>de</strong> Bourgogne, 17 rue Sully, BP 86510, F-21065 Dijon ce<strong>de</strong>x, France.<br />
Tel: (+33) 380 69 3035; Fax: (+33) 380 69 3262; E-mail: munierj@dijon.inra.fr<br />
Ó 2010 INRA<br />
Journal Compilation Ó 2010 European Weed Research Society Weed Research 50, 331–340