Diversifying crop rotations with temporary grasslands - Université de ...
Diversifying crop rotations with temporary grasslands - Université de ...
Diversifying crop rotations with temporary grasslands - Université de ...
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C.II.4.1 Differences between <strong>crop</strong> treatments .......................................................... 95<br />
C.II.4.1.1 Plant <strong>de</strong>nsities ........................................................................................................... 96<br />
C.II.4.1.2 Species composition .................................................................................................. 96<br />
C.II.4.2 Grassland management practices ................................................................ 97<br />
C.II.4.2.1 Sowing date ............................................................................................................... 97<br />
C.II.4.2.2 Crop species .............................................................................................................. 97<br />
C.II.4.2.3 Cutting frequency ...................................................................................................... 98<br />
C.II.4.3 Un<strong>de</strong>rlying mechanisms .............................................................................. 99<br />
C.II.4.3.1 Soil tillage (A) ......................................................................................................... 100<br />
C.II.4.3.2 Competition (B) ...................................................................................................... 103<br />
C.II.4.3.3 Hay cuttings (C) ...................................................................................................... 104<br />
C.II.4.3.4 Interactions between the three factors ..................................................................... 105<br />
C.II.4.4 Strength, limits, perspectives and preliminary recommendations ............. 106<br />
C.III REGROWTH AFTER CUTTING ............................................................................... 109<br />
C.III.1 Article 4: Meiss, H., Munier-Jolain, N., Henriot, F. & Caneill, J. (2008b)<br />
Effects of biomass, age and functional traits on regrowth of arable weeds after cutting.<br />
J. Plant Dis. Prot. XXI, 493-499. .............................................................................. 109<br />
C.III.2 Article 5: Meiss, H., Bonnot, R., Strbik, F., Waldhardt, R., Caneill, J. &<br />
Munier-Jolain, N. (2009) Cutting and competition reduce weed growth: additive or<br />
interactive effects? XIII th International Conference on Weed Biology, Dijon, 28-37. 117<br />
C.IV WEED SEED PREDATION ....................................................................................... 128<br />
C.IV.1 Article 6: Alignier, A., Meiss, H., Petit, S. & Reboud, X. (2008) Variation of<br />
post-dispersal weed seed predation according to weed species, space and time. J. Plant<br />
Dis. Prot., XXI, 221-226. ........................................................................................... 128<br />
C.IV.2 Article 7: Cor<strong>de</strong>au, S.; Meiss, H.; Boursault, A. (2009) Ban<strong>de</strong>s enherbées:<br />
Quelle flore, quelles prédateurs, quelle prédation? XIII th International Conference on<br />
Weed Biology, Dijon, 50-59. ...................................................................................... 135<br />
C.IV.3 Article 8: Meiss, H., Laga<strong>de</strong>c, L. L., Munier-Jolain, N., Waldhardt, R. &<br />
Petit, S. (2010c) Weed seed predation increases <strong>with</strong> vegetation cover in arable fields.<br />
Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 138, 10-16. .......................................................................... 144<br />
D GENERAL DISCUSSION ............................................................................................. 152<br />
D.I EVIDENCE OF THE IMPACTS OF PFCS ON WEEDS .............................................. 153<br />
D.I.1 Differences in species composition between current <strong>crop</strong>s ......................... 153<br />
D.I.2 Weed community trajectories during <strong>crop</strong> <strong>rotations</strong> ................................... 154<br />
D.I.3 Weed population dynamics un<strong>de</strong>r various <strong>crop</strong> management practices in the<br />
small-scale field experiment ....................................................................................... 155<br />
D.I.4 Comparison of weed species reactions between the large-scale surveys and<br />
the small-scale field experiment ................................................................................. 156<br />
D.I.5 Functional groups ........................................................................................ 159<br />
D.I.5.1 Annual vs. perennial weed species ............................................................ 159<br />
D.I.5.2 Small vs. tall or climbing species .............................................................. 159<br />
D.I.5.3 Grasses vs. broadleaved species ................................................................ 159<br />
D.I.6 Weed abundance and diversity .................................................................... 160<br />
D.I.7 Conclusion: PFCs, useful tools for Integrated Weed Management ............ 161<br />
D.II UNDERLYING MECHANISMS ................................................................................. 162<br />
D.II.1 Absence of soil tillage (A) .......................................................................... 162<br />
D.II.2 Competition (B) ........................................................................................... 163<br />
D.II.3 Hay cuttings (C) .......................................................................................... 163<br />
D.II.4 Interactions between cuttings and competition (B*C) ................................ 165<br />
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