Diversifying crop rotations with temporary grasslands - Université de ...
Diversifying crop rotations with temporary grasslands - Université de ...
Diversifying crop rotations with temporary grasslands - Université de ...
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Should be cut here<br />
Should be cut here<br />
Should be cut here<br />
Bookmark PhD thesis Helmut MEISS<br />
Overview of treatments<br />
CHAPTER C.I: LARGE-SCALE WEED SURVEYS<br />
Table B1: Crop species surveyed in the first study (see Table 2 in Article 1 ASD).<br />
Crop species Type Sowing season<br />
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) perennial autumn or spring<br />
Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) annual autumn<br />
Oilseed rape (Brassica napus) annual autumn<br />
Pea (Pisum sativum) annual autumn or spring<br />
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) annual spring-summer<br />
Maize (Zea mays) annual spring-summer<br />
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) annual spring-summer<br />
Table B2: Groups of fields surveyed in the second study representing four stages of<br />
a <strong>crop</strong> rotation (see Table 1 in Article 2 WRE).<br />
Group Crop and prece<strong>de</strong>nt<br />
a) Wheat after annual <strong>crop</strong>s<br />
b) Alfalfa 1 year<br />
c) Alfalfa 2-6 years<br />
d) Wheat after alfalfa<br />
CHAPTER C.II: FIELD EXPERIMENT<br />
Table B3: Nine <strong>crop</strong> treatments (T2-T11) of the Epoisses experiment<br />
(see Table 6 of Manuscript 3 for <strong>de</strong>tails).<br />
Treatment<br />
co<strong>de</strong><br />
Symbol<br />
Type<br />
Crop<br />
Species<br />
Management Inter<strong>crop</strong><br />
Sowing Cutting Autum soil Cover<br />
season frequency tillage <strong>crop</strong><br />
T2 Med Aut C-<br />
Medicago sativa Autumn 3/y C- / /<br />
T4 Med Aut C+ Medicago sativa Autumn 5/y C+ / /<br />
T5 Med Spr C+ Medicago sativa Spring 5/y C+ / /<br />
T6 Dac Spr C+ Dactylis glomerata Spring 5/y C+ / /<br />
T7 Dac Aut C+ Dactylis glomerata Autumn 5/y C+ / /<br />
T8 Dac Aut C- Dactylis glomerata Autumn 3/y C- / /<br />
T9 WB T+<br />
T10 WB T-<br />
T11 WB T+M<br />
Annual<br />
Wheat-Barley<br />
Wheat-Barley<br />
Wheat-Barley<br />
See Table 4B<br />
Yes T+<br />
No T-<br />
Yes T+<br />
No<br />
No<br />
Mustard<br />
Perrennial<br />
CHAPTER C.III: REGROWTH AFTER CUTTING<br />
Cutted<br />
Experimental<br />
treatments<br />
Control<br />
(3)<br />
Plant<br />
age<br />
(2) size<br />
(2) size<br />
12/01 -<br />
02/02 -<br />
23/02 -<br />
● = sowing<br />
= plants un<strong>de</strong>r partial shadow<br />
1 st 2 nd 3 rd 4 th (5 th cuttings<br />
)<br />
02/04 -<br />
02/05 -<br />
01/06 -<br />
Time (dates in 2007)<br />
211<br />
16/07 -<br />
06/09 -<br />
(1)<br />
differences<br />
between<br />
species<br />
Fig. B1: Overview of the experimental treatments, sowing and cutting dates of the<br />
regrowth trials in 2007 (see Methods of Article 4 JPDP for <strong>de</strong>tails).<br />
Table B4: Four treatments for interaction between competition (presence of alfalfa)<br />
and cutting (2x2 factorial <strong>de</strong>sign, see Methods of Article 5 BMH for <strong>de</strong>tails).<br />
Treatment Competition Early cutting<br />
A) Weak (no alfalfa) No<br />
B) Strong (alfalfa) No<br />
C) Weak (no alfalfa) Yes<br />
D) Strong (alfalfa) Yes<br />
CHAPTER C.IV: SEED PREDATION<br />
Crop treatments<br />
Type, species, cutting<br />
Perennial Annual<br />
Bare soil<br />
Spring barley<br />
Medicago C+<br />
Medicago C-<br />
Dactylis C+<br />
Dactylis C-<br />
Festuca<br />
Margin mix C+<br />
Margin mix C-<br />
T<br />
T S<br />
30 Jan<br />
25 Feb<br />
1.<br />
April<br />
T<br />
27 Mar<br />
01 Apr<br />
C<br />
C<br />
C<br />
16 Apr<br />
18 Apr<br />
29 Apr<br />
29 Apr<br />
2.<br />
May<br />
14 May<br />
Predation trials 3.<br />
July<br />
T<br />
C<br />
C<br />
C<br />
C<br />
C<br />
29 May<br />
Time (dates in 2008)<br />
Fig. B2: Crop treatments of the seed predation study (cf. Fig. 1 in Article 8 AGEE<br />
and Article 7). T, soil tillage; S, sowing; C, cutting dates.<br />
C<br />
C<br />
18 Jun<br />
C<br />
C<br />
10 Jul<br />
14 Jul<br />
29 Jul