Diversifying crop rotations with temporary grasslands - Université de ...

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100 10 Frequency (%, log scale) y = 16.397e -0.043x R 2 = 0.996 1 0.1 0.01 209 0.001 MERAN POLCO VERHE VERPE CONAR POLAV SONAS VIOTR SENVU TAROF STEME GALAP CHEAL CAPBP SINAR ALOMY ANGAR SOLNI ATX VERAR CIRAR EPHHE POATR MELAL GERDI MYOAR APHAR PICEC LOL AVEFA LAMPU PAPRH KICSP BRO CVP SET PICHI DAUCA LAMAM FUMOF PARSE RES POAAN POLPE AMARE TOI RUB GERRT CER LACSE AGRRE SONOL CAGSE AMIMA ECHCG ARISE RUMCR VEBOF CPAIR TRF MAL SHRAR MATCH SLYMA RANPF VALLO THLAR LAPCO PAN GERMO EPHEX RUMOB DACGL VERAG BRSNI STA CHEHY SCAPV PLAMA RASRU FALVU PLALA FES CENCY LEGSV CARHI OTGUM AETCY ALL EPIAD RANSA CYNDA ADO VIC ARREB POLLA SSYOF PTLRE GERCO CHNMI DIGSA RANRE EPHPE RUMCO ANGCO EROCI CRU MEN MUS AGSST LIUUT HEEHE ARBTH URTDI AMBEL APESV ARTVU HYPPE OXASS CIRVU ANRSY ANRCA DATST SONAR DRAMU TORMA ANT FRAOF POAPR ATHOR SPRAR THLPE TROPR TROPR LITAR HOLLA LIN GALMO EUPCA MATIN BIFSS ERIFL LAMIN VESTH AEOPO ARFLA BELPE COPSS GERRO RAPRA SCRAN SINAL ALAPE BAR BYO BUPLA HEOEU CHYLE PAVSA PULDY RANAR ASRSQ CRX FOEVU IUNBU LYAEU PEDHY PRI FICVE RUMAA VLPMY ABG CHEPO EUOEU HRYRA KNAAR ONO POLAT RBIPE SCUSS TUSFA ACHMI DIWSI ERXCA GALVE LEB LEPCA MED MEU ORA PLAME RANAC Rosa SAL SXFTR SHR MYTAQ Weed species code Fig. 26: Weed species frequency distribution in the large-scale weed surveys (Chizé). See Table 14 for species codes and names. Frequencies were calculated as the number of micro-plots where the species was present on the total number of micro-plots surveyed (18441, pooling all 8 crops and 3 survey years) and plotted on a logarithmic scale. 134 out of the 197 taxa were present on less than 1% of the plots (less than 180 plots, rare species) while 13 species were present on more than 10% of the micro-plots (frequent species). The most frequent species, Mercurialis annua (MERAN), was present on 5774 micro-plots (= 31.3 %), the 16 least frequent species on only one micro-plot (0.0054 %). The frequency distribution of the 197 taxa followed a negative exponential function (regression line, R²=0.996). However, the four most frequent species had approximately two times higher frequencies than expected by the fitted exponential regression.
ERKLÄRUNG (DECLARATION FOR THE GIESSEN UNIVERSITY) Ich erkläre: Ich habe die vorgelegte Dissertation selbständig und ohne unerlaubte fremde Hilfe und nur mit den Hilfen angefertigt, die ich in der Dissertation angeben habe. Alle Textstellen, die wörtlich oder sinngemäß aus veröffentlichten Schriften entnommen sind, und alle Angaben, die auf mündlichen Auskünften beruhen, sind als solche kenntlich gemacht. Bei den von mir durchgeführten und in der Dissertation erwähnten Untersuchungen habe ich die Grundsätze guter wissenschaftlicher Praxis, wie sie in der ‘Satzung der Justus-Liebig- Universität Gießen zur Sicherung guter wissenschaftlicher Praxis’ niedergelegt sind, eingehalten. Between these two text lines are the references of the pdf- Between these two text lines are the references of the pdf-articles: DO NOT REMOVE!!!! ASD (e.g. Roberts, 1984; Gosse et al., 1988; Norris and Ayres, 1991; ANOSIM, Clarke, 1993; Liebman and Dyck, 1993; Swanton et al., 1993; Andersson and Milberg, 1996; ISA, Dufrene and Legendre, 1997; Zanin et al., 1997; sensu Belyea and Lancaster, 1999; Between these two text lines are the references of the pdf-articles: DO NOT REMOVE!!!!Doucet et al., 1999; Hald, 1999; McCune and Mefford, 1999; Ominski et al., 1999; Liebman and Davis, 2000; Schoofs and Entz, 2000; Gotelli and Colwell, 2001; Hammer et al., 2001; Entz et al., 2002; Kenkel et al., 2002; MRPP, McCune and Grace, 2002; Freyer, 2003; Gerowitt et al., 2003; Huarte and Arnold, 2003; Marshall et al., 2003; Bellinder et al., 2004; Teasdale et al., 2004; Albrecht, 2005; Khanh et al., 2005; Nazarko et al., 2005; Westerman et al., 2005; Graglia et al., 2006; , 2006; Holland et al., 2006; Katsvairo et al., 2006b; Murphy et al., 2006; Sosnoskie et al., 2006; Tilman et al., 2006; Smith and Gross, 2007; Fried et al., 2008; Hiltbrunner et al., 2008; Meiss et al., 2008; R Development Core Team, 2008; Oksanen et al., 2009)(Entz et al., 1995; Andersson and Milberg, 1996; Gill and Holmes, 1997; Clay and Aguilar, 1998; Ominski et al., 1999; Schoofs and Entz, 2000; Sjursen, 2001; Cardina et al., 2002a; Bellinder et al., 2004; Teasdale et al., 2004; Albrecht, 2005; Heggenstaller and Liebman, 2006; Sosnoskie et al., 2006; Cavigelli et al., 2008; Hiltbrunner et al., 2008) WRE (Liebman and Dyck, 1993; Colwell and Coddington, 1994; Entz et al., 1995; Andersson and Milberg, 1996; e.g., Zanin et al., 1997; Clay and Aguilar, 1998; Doucet et al., 1999; Ominski et al., 1999; Schoofs and Entz, 2000; Barberi and Lo Cascio, 2001; Chauvel et al., 2001; Booth and Swanton, 2002; Gerowitt et al., 2003; Huarte and Arnold, 2003; Marshall et al., 2003; Bellinder et al., 2004; Teasdale et al., 2004; Albrecht, 2005; Nazarko et al., 2005; see Anderson et al., 2006; Graglia et al., 2006; Heggenstaller and Liebman, 2006; Heggenstaller et al., 2006; Sosnoskie et al., 2006; Tilman et al., 2006; Smith and Gross, 2007, and references therein; Hiltbrunner et al., 2008; Oksanen et al., 2009; Ulber et al., 2009) AGEE (Jordan et al., 1995; Hulme, 1997; Andersson, 1998; Manson and Stiles, 1998; Zhang et al., 1998; Cromar et al., 1999; Kromp, 1999; Wilson et al., 1999; Honek and Jarosik, 2000; Mac Nally, 2000; Macdonald et al., 2000b; Menalled et al., 2000; Kollmann and Bassin, 2001; Moorcroft et al., 2002; Robinson and Sutherland, 2002; Davis and Liebman, 2003; , 2003a; Westerman et al., 2003c; Davis et al., 2004; Butler et al., 2005; Gallandt et al., 2005; Holmes and Froud-Williams, 2005; Landis et al., 2005; Lindegarth and Gamfeldt, 2005; Mauchline et al., 2005; , 2005; , 2006; Kauffman and Maron, 2006; Menalled et al., 2006; O'Rourke et al., 2006; Alignier et al., 2008; , 2008; Shearin et al., 2008; Shuler et al., 2008; , 2009) (1984; , 1991; , 1993; , 1997; , 1998; , 2001; , 2003; , 2005; , 2006; , 2009; , 2009) JPDP MEISS (Davidson and Milthorpe, 1966; Vincent and Ahmim, 1985; Belsky, 1987; Smith et al., 1989; Hume, 1991; Iwasa and Kubo, 1997; El-Shatnawi et al., 1999; Donald, 2000; Poorter and Nagel, 2000; Dalbies-Dulout and Dore, 2001; Andreasen et al., 2002; Kluth et al., 2003; , 2004; Vesk et al., 2004; De Cauwer et al., 2005; Graglia et al., 2006; Lestienne et al., 2006; Mager et al., 2006; Colbach et al., 2007; Diaz et al., 2007). JPDP ALIGNIER (Abbott, 1945; Chambers and MacMahon, 1994; Cardina et al., 1996; Holl and Lulow 1997; Hulme, 1997; Marino et al., 1997; Zhang et al., 1997; Hulme, 1998; Kollman et al., 1998; Cromar et al., 1999; Kollmann and Bassin, 2001; Cardina et al., 2002b; Kollman et al., 2002; Rey et al., 2002; Tooley and Brust, 2002; Hatcher and Melander, 2003; Marshall et al., 2003; SAS Institute, 2003; Westerman et al., 2003b; Westerman et al., 2003c; Ji-Qi and Zhi-Bin, 2004; Holmes and Froud-Williams, 2005; Marino et al., 2005; VanderWall et al., 2005; Heggenstaller et al., 2006; Honek et al., 2006; O'Rourke et al., 2006; Pullaro et al., 2006; Spafford et al., 2006; Storkey, 2006; Xiao et al., 2006; Menalled et al., 2007) Between these two text lines are the references of the pdf-articles: DO NOT REMOVE!!!! 210
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Diversifying crop rotations with te
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In Chizé, I am indebted to all the
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Talks . ...........................
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C.II.4.1 Differences between crop t
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INDEX OF FIGURES Fig. 1: Population
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ABSTRACTS (ENGLISH, FRENCH & GERMAN
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Extended summary in English Résum
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Extended summary in English Résum
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CONTEXT AND FUNDING This thesis is
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THESIS ORGANISATION This thesis ent
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8) Meiss, H., Lagadec, L. L., Munie
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Posters . 1) Meiss, H., Waldhardt,
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2007). Agriculture is increasingly
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term considerations (Munier-Jolain
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problematic for the production of d
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Newton, 2004). Several bird species
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A.III APPROACHES TO ALLEVIATE THE
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and higher production costs or even
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competitive yield loss (Cousens, 19
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2006; Makowski et al., 2007). Moreo
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Table 3: Four strategies for combin
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otations is thus an obvious approac
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iv) the availability of cheap and e
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Clay & Aguilar (1998) compared the
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Heggenstaller & Liebman (2006) comp
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growth of any (crop or weed) plant
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A.V DIVERSIFIED CROPPING SYSTEM CON
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crops will thus probably show rathe
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annual crops while increasing organ
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• Which species are suppressed, w
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B OVERWIEW OF THE MATERIALS & METHO
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A) France B) Study site ~1000 km Pe
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perennial crops with different mana
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B.III.2.4 Cutting height In 2008, t
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B.IV.3 Design of the seed predation
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Agron. Sustain. Dev. 30 (2010) 657-
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Contrasting weed species compositio
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Mean frequency in perennial lucerne
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C.I.2 Article 2: Meiss, H., Médiè
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332 H Meiss et al. communities (Boo
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334 H Meiss et al. functional group
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336 H Meiss et al. Table 3 Indicato
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338 H Meiss et al. Relative frequen
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340 H Meiss et al. MEISS H, MUNIER-
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perennial crop treatments, differen
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PFCs might inhibit the successful g
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during winter), T10 without soil ti
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The viability and germination abili
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Table 8: Organic carbon and total n
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The development of weed species ric
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C.II.3.1.2 Dynamics of weed communi
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C.II.3.1.3 Dynamics of individual w
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Time Fig. 14: Temporal development
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At the end of the experiment in spr
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Difference sown - unsown (plants m
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Cumulated BM production (g m -2 ) 1
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Weed biomass (g m -2 ) 500 400 300
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Table 12: Factors differing between
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However, some differences in densit
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Table 13: Mechanisms causing the im
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2007 and 2008, while big numbers of
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• Weed biomasses decreased in sum
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Our results show that different mec
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including exotic species (Palmer an
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XIII ème COLLOQUE INTERNATIONAL SU
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irradiation,…), and (ii) biotic i
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Table I: Species included in the ex
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Fig. 2: Mean biomass (harvestable d
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When both treatments were combined,
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C.IV WEED SEED PREDATION C.IV.1 Art
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XIII ème COLLOQUE INTERNATIONAL SU
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produites restent à la surface du
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Tableau 1 : Liste des espèces adve
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Insectes prédateurs Les principaux
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C.IV.3 Article 8: Meiss, H., Lagade
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Table 1 Studies investigating the i
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Table 2 Overview showing (i) mean s
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higher weed seed losses (e.g., Mena
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D GENERAL DISCUSSION Data from weed
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The first two limits could be addre
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composition that may be compared to
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Page 207 and 208: area needed for crop production. Gl
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Page 219 and 220: affected by experimental substrate.
Page 221 and 222: Vincent G., M. Ahmim. (1985) Note o
Page 223 and 224: ANNEXES ANNEXE 1: KEY WORDS IN ENGL
Page 225 and 226: genetically modified crop varieties
Page 227 and 228: ANNEXE 3: WEED SPECIES OF THE LARGE
Page 229 and 230: Name of species /genera Code Freq.
Page 231: Name of species /genera Code Freq.
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