Diversifying crop rotations with temporary grasslands - Université de ...

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Name of species /genera Code Freq. Life cycle Mono/Dicot Morphology FG Aster squamatus ASRSQ 3 A D rosette 4 Atriplex patula +prostrata +sp ATX 1201 A D upright 1 Avena fatua AVEFA 828 A M grass 7 Barbarea intermedia BAR 4 I D rosette 5 Bellis perennis BELPE 5 P D rosette 6 Bifora sp BIFSS 6 A D rosette 4 Brassica nigra BRSNI 119 A D upright 1 Bromus sterilis +mollis +sp BRO 665 A M grass 7 Bryonia dioica BYO 4 P D climbing 6 Buglossoides arvensis LITAR 9 A D upright 1 Bupleurum subovatum BUPLA 4 A D upright 1 Calepina irregularis CPAIR 227 A D rosette 4 Calystegia sepium CAGSE 299 P D climbing 6 Capsella bursa-pastoris CAPBP 1836 A D rosette 4 Cardamine hirsuta CARHI 76 A D rosette 4 Carduus spp CRU 27 P D rosette 6 Carex spp CRX 3 A M upright 7 Centaurea cyanus CENCY 81 A D upright 1 Cerastium arvense +glomeratum CER 355 A D creeping, other 3 Chaenorrhinum minus CHNMI 38 A D upright 1 Chenopodium album CHEAL 1956 A D upright 1 Chenopodium hybridum CHEHY 114 A D upright 1 Chenopodium polyspermum CHEPO 2 A D upright 1 Cirsium arvense CIRAR 1169 P D rosette 6 Cirsium vulgare CIRVU 16 P D rosette 6 Convolvulus arvensis CONAR 3106 P D climbing 6 Conyza sumatrensis ERIFL 6 A D upright 1 Coronopus sp COPSS 5 A D rosette 4 Crepis sancta +vesicaria +sp CVP 649 A D rosette 4 Cynodon dactylon CYNDA 57 P M grass 8 Dactylis glomerata DACGL 134 P M grass 8 Datura stramonium DATST 13 A D upright 1 Daucus carota DAUCA 572 I D rosette 5 Digitaria sanguinalis DIGSA 38 A M grass 7 Dipsacus fullonum DIWSI 1 I D upright 5 Draba muralis DRAMU 12 I D rosette 5 Echinochloa crus-galli ECHCG 288 A M grass 7 Elytrigia repens 20 AGRRE 333 P M grass 8 Epilobium tetragonum EPIAD 65 P D upright 6 Erodium cicutarium EROCI 28 A D rosette 4 Eryngium campestre ERXCA 1 P D upright 6 Euonymus europaeus EUOEU 2 P D upright 6 Eupatorium cannabinum EUPCA 7 P D upright 6 Euphorbia exigua EPHEX 143 A D upright 1 Euphorbia helioscopia EPHHE 1162 A D upright 1 Euphorbia peplus EPHPE 33 A D upright 1 Falcaria vulgaris FALVU 92 P D rosette 6 Fallopia convolvulus POLCO 5562 A D climbing 2 Festuca rubra +sp FES 82 P M grass 8 Foeniculum vulgare FOEVU 3 I D upright 5 Fraxinus excelsior FRAOF 11 P D upright 6 Fumaria officinalis +sp FUMOF 533 A D upright 1 Galium aparine GALAP 1981 A D climbing 2 20 (syn. Elymus repens) 205
Name of species /genera Code Freq. Life cycle Mono/Dicot Morphology FG Galium mollugo GALMO 8 A D climbing 2 Galium verum GALVE 1 A D climbing 2 Geranium columbinum GERCO 41 A D rosette 4 Geranium dissectum GERDI 1016 A D rosette 4 Geranium molle GERMO 153 A D rosette 4 Geranium robertianum GERRO 5 A D upright 1 Geranium rotundifolium GERRT 358 A D rosette 4 Hedera helix HEEHE 25 P D climbing 6 Heliotropium europaeum HEOEU 4 A D upright 1 Holcus lanatus HOLLA 9 P M grass 8 Hypericum perforatum HYPPE 18 P D upright 6 Hypochaeris radicata HRYRA 2 I D rosette 5 Juncus bufonius IUNBU 3 P M upright 8 Kickxia spuria +sp KICSP 802 A D creeping, other 3 Knautia arvensis KNAAR 2 P D upright 6 Lactuca serriola LACSE 339 A D rosette 4 Lamium amplexicaule LAMAM 547 A D upright 1 Lamium hybridum LAMIN 6 A D upright 1 Lamium purpureum LAMPU 826 A D upright 1 Lapsana communis +sp LAPCO 163 A D rosette 4 Legousia speculum veneris LEGSV 78 A D upright 1 Leontodon sp LEB 1 P D rosette 6 Lepidium campestre LEPCA 1 I D rosette 5 Leucanthemum vulgare CHYLE 4 P D upright 6 Linaria spp LIN 9 A D upright 1 Linum usitatissimum LIUUT 26 A D upright 1 Lolium multiflorum LOL 872 A M grass 7 Lycopus europaeus LYAEU 3 P D upright 6 Malva neglecta +sylvestris +sp MAL 204 I D upright 5 Matricaria perforata MATIN 7 A D rosette 4 Matricaria recutita MATCH 189 A D rosette 4 Medicago arabica MED 1 P D upright 6 Melilotus spp MEU 1 P D creeping, other 6 Mentha spicata MEN 27 P D upright 6 Mercurialis annua MERAN 5774 A D upright 1 Misopates orontium ATHOR 10 A D upright 1 Muscari sp MUS 27 P M upright 8 Myosotis arvensis +sp MYOAR 931 A D upright 1 Ononis spinosa ONO 2 P D upright 6 Ornithogalum umbellatum OTGUM 75 P M upright 8 Orobanche spp ORA 1 A D upright 1 Oxalis sp OXASS 18 I D creeping, other 5 Panicum miliaceum PAN 155 A M grass 7 Papaver argemone PAPRH 804 A D rosette 4 Pastinaca sativa PAVSA 4 P D rosette 6 Petroselinum segetum PARSE 531 I D rosette 5 Petasites hybridus PEDHY 3 P D rosette 6 Picris echioides PICEC 880 I D rosette 5 Picris hieracioides PICHI 577 I D rosette 5 Plantago lanceolata PLALA 89 P D rosette 6 Plantago major PLAMA 98 P D rosette 6 Plantago media PLAME 1 P D rosette 6 Poa annua POAAN 490 A M grass 7 Poa pratensis POAPR 11 P M grass 8 Poa trivialis POATR 1091 P M grass 8 Polygonum amphibium POLAT 2 P D upright 6 Polygonum aviculare POLAV 3104 A D creeping, other 3 206
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Diversifying crop rotations with te
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In Chizé, I am indebted to all the
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Talks . ...........................
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C.II.4.1 Differences between crop t
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INDEX OF FIGURES Fig. 1: Population
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ABSTRACTS (ENGLISH, FRENCH & GERMAN
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Extended summary in English Résum
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Extended summary in English Résum
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CONTEXT AND FUNDING This thesis is
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THESIS ORGANISATION This thesis ent
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8) Meiss, H., Lagadec, L. L., Munie
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Posters . 1) Meiss, H., Waldhardt,
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2007). Agriculture is increasingly
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term considerations (Munier-Jolain
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problematic for the production of d
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Newton, 2004). Several bird species
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A.III APPROACHES TO ALLEVIATE THE
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and higher production costs or even
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competitive yield loss (Cousens, 19
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2006; Makowski et al., 2007). Moreo
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Table 3: Four strategies for combin
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otations is thus an obvious approac
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iv) the availability of cheap and e
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Clay & Aguilar (1998) compared the
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Heggenstaller & Liebman (2006) comp
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growth of any (crop or weed) plant
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A.V DIVERSIFIED CROPPING SYSTEM CON
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crops will thus probably show rathe
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annual crops while increasing organ
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• Which species are suppressed, w
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B OVERWIEW OF THE MATERIALS & METHO
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A) France B) Study site ~1000 km Pe
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perennial crops with different mana
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B.III.2.4 Cutting height In 2008, t
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B.IV.3 Design of the seed predation
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Agron. Sustain. Dev. 30 (2010) 657-
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Contrasting weed species compositio
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Mean frequency in perennial lucerne
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C.I.2 Article 2: Meiss, H., Médiè
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332 H Meiss et al. communities (Boo
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334 H Meiss et al. functional group
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336 H Meiss et al. Table 3 Indicato
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338 H Meiss et al. Relative frequen
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340 H Meiss et al. MEISS H, MUNIER-
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perennial crop treatments, differen
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PFCs might inhibit the successful g
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during winter), T10 without soil ti
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The viability and germination abili
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Table 8: Organic carbon and total n
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The development of weed species ric
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C.II.3.1.2 Dynamics of weed communi
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C.II.3.1.3 Dynamics of individual w
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Time Fig. 14: Temporal development
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At the end of the experiment in spr
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Difference sown - unsown (plants m
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Cumulated BM production (g m -2 ) 1
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Weed biomass (g m -2 ) 500 400 300
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Table 12: Factors differing between
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However, some differences in densit
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Table 13: Mechanisms causing the im
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2007 and 2008, while big numbers of
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• Weed biomasses decreased in sum
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Our results show that different mec
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including exotic species (Palmer an
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XIII ème COLLOQUE INTERNATIONAL SU
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irradiation,…), and (ii) biotic i
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Table I: Species included in the ex
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Fig. 2: Mean biomass (harvestable d
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When both treatments were combined,
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C.IV WEED SEED PREDATION C.IV.1 Art
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001234564787938494694783 34564789@A
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XIII ème COLLOQUE INTERNATIONAL SU
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produites restent à la surface du
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Tableau 1 : Liste des espèces adve
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Insectes prédateurs Les principaux
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C.IV.3 Article 8: Meiss, H., Lagade
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Table 1 Studies investigating the i
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Table 2 Overview showing (i) mean s
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higher weed seed losses (e.g., Mena
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D GENERAL DISCUSSION Data from weed
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Page 183 and 184: crops (Clay and Aguilar, 1998; Card
Page 185 and 186: Such diversified crop rotations cou
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Page 191 and 192: 1) The absence of soil tillage and
Page 193 and 194: D.III.2 Predicting weed regrowth af
Page 195 and 196: Future studies must determine the s
Page 197 and 198: (illustrated in Fig. 24). Later, re
Page 199 and 200: D.III.3 Factors determining weed se
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Page 203 and 204: natural conditions, weed species po
Page 205 and 206: This PhD research project documente
Page 207 and 208: area needed for crop production. Gl
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Page 211 and 212: Fried G., S. Petit, F. Dessaint, X.
Page 213 and 214: at the Eastern base of the Meissner
Page 215 and 216: Lindegarth M., L. Gamfeldt. (2005)
Page 217 and 218: Murphy S.D., D.R. Clements, S. Bela
Page 219 and 220: affected by experimental substrate.
Page 221 and 222: Vincent G., M. Ahmim. (1985) Note o
Page 223 and 224: ANNEXES ANNEXE 1: KEY WORDS IN ENGL
Page 225 and 226: genetically modified crop varieties
Page 227: ANNEXE 3: WEED SPECIES OF THE LARGE
Page 231 and 232: Name of species /genera Code Freq.
Page 233 and 234: ERKLÄRUNG (DECLARATION FOR THE GIE
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