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Xiao Z., Y. Wang, M. Harris, Z. Zhang. (2006) Spatial and temporal variation of seed predation and removal of sympatric large-seeded species in relation to innate seed traits in a subtropical forest, Southwest China. For. Ecol. Manag. 222, 46-54. Xuan T.D., T. Eiji, T. Shinkichi, T.D. Khanh. (2004) Methods to determine allelopathic potential of crop plants for weed control. Allelopath. J. 13 (2), 149-164. Xuan T.D., E. Tsuzuki. (2002) Varietal differences in allelopathic potential of alfalfa. J. Agron. Crop Sci. 188 (1), 2-7. Zanin G., S. Otto, L. Riello, M. Borin. (1997) Ecological interpretation of weed flora dynamics under different tillage systems. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 66 (3), 177-188. DOI: 10.1016/S0167- 8809(97)00081-9. Zhang J., F.A. Drummond, M. Liebman, A. Hartke. (1997) Insect predation of seeds and plant population dynamics. MAFES Technical Bulletin 163, 1-32. Zhang J.X., F.A. Drummond, M. Leibman. (1998) Effect of crop habitat and potato management practices on the population abundance of adult Harpalus rufipes (Coleoptera : Carabidae) in Maine. J. Agric. Entomol. 15 (1), 63-74. Zimdahl R.L. (2004) Weed-crop competition - A review, second Edition. Balckwell Publishing. 199
ANNEXES ANNEXE 1: KEY WORDS IN ENGLISH, FRENCH & GERMAN English key words Mot clés français Deutsche Stichwörter Agri-environmental scheme Mesure agri-environnemental Agrar-Umwelt Maßnahme Agroecology Agro-écologie Agrarökologie Alfalfa, lucerne (Medicago sativa) Luzerne, alfalfa Luzerne, Alfalfa, Schneckenklee Biodiversity Biodiversité, diversité biologique Biodiversität, biologische Vielfalt Biomass Biomasse Biomasse Clover, trefoil, sweet clover (Trifolium, Melilotus) Trèfle, mélilot Klee (Rot-, Stein-) Cocksfoot, orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata) Dactyle aggloméré /pelotonné (Wiesen-) Knaulgrass, Gewöhnliches Knäuelgras Community composition Composition de communauté Zusammensetzung der (Art-) Gemeinschaft Competition Compétition Konkurrenz Cover crop Culture de couverture, interculture Zwischenfrucht Crop rotation Rotation de culture Fruchtfolge (-wechsel) Ecosystem service Service d'écosystèmique Ökosystemdienstleistung Fallow, set-aside Friche, jachère, gel des terres Brache, Flächenstilllegung Food chain /-web Chaîne /réseau trophique Nahrungskette /-netz Forage, fodder crop, - plant Culture, plante fourragère Futterkultur /-pflanze Grass, graminoids Herbe (graminée) Gras Integrated (Weed /Pest) Management (IPM /IWM) Gestion intégrée des adventices /mauvaises herbes /bioaggresseurs Integrierter Pflanzenschutz Integrated farming Agriculture /production intégrée Integrierte Landwirtschaft /Produktion /Integrierter Anbau Ley farming, mixed cropping Agriculture mixte Feldgraswirtschaft Mowing, hay cutting Fauche, broyage Mahd, Heu-Schnitt Organic farming /agriculture Agriculture biologique Ökologischer Landbau, Biologische Landwirtschaft Perennial /pluriannual forage Culture fourragère pérenne Mehrjährige /ausdauernde crop (PFC) /pluriannuelle Futterkultur, Ackerfutterbau Population dynamic Dynamique de population Populationsdynamik Regrowth after cutting Croissance post-fauche Nachwachsen nach Schnittmaßnahmen Seed predation, granivory Prédation de graines Samenprädation Soil cover Couverture du sol Bodenbedeckung Soil tillage Travail du sol Bodenbearbeitung Stubble field Chaume Stoppelfeld /-brache Sustainable agriculture Agriculture durable Nachhaltige Landwirtschaft Temporary grassland (TG) Prairie temporaire /artificielle Temporäres Grünland Weed, segetal-vegetation Mauvais herbe, plante adventice, plante messicole Unkraut, Ungras, Ackerwildkraut, Segetalvegetation Weed control /management Contrôle /gestion des mauvaises herbes Unkrautkontrolle /-bekämpfung /Beikrautregulierung Yield Rendement Ertrag The most important key words are in bold. 200
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Diversifying crop rotations with te
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In Chizé, I am indebted to all the
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Talks . ...........................
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C.II.4.1 Differences between crop t
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INDEX OF FIGURES Fig. 1: Population
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ABSTRACTS (ENGLISH, FRENCH & GERMAN
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Extended summary in English Résum
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Extended summary in English Résum
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CONTEXT AND FUNDING This thesis is
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THESIS ORGANISATION This thesis ent
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8) Meiss, H., Lagadec, L. L., Munie
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Posters . 1) Meiss, H., Waldhardt,
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2007). Agriculture is increasingly
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term considerations (Munier-Jolain
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problematic for the production of d
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Newton, 2004). Several bird species
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A.III APPROACHES TO ALLEVIATE THE
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and higher production costs or even
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competitive yield loss (Cousens, 19
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2006; Makowski et al., 2007). Moreo
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Table 3: Four strategies for combin
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otations is thus an obvious approac
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iv) the availability of cheap and e
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Clay & Aguilar (1998) compared the
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Heggenstaller & Liebman (2006) comp
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growth of any (crop or weed) plant
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A.V DIVERSIFIED CROPPING SYSTEM CON
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crops will thus probably show rathe
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annual crops while increasing organ
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• Which species are suppressed, w
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B OVERWIEW OF THE MATERIALS & METHO
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A) France B) Study site ~1000 km Pe
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perennial crops with different mana
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B.III.2.4 Cutting height In 2008, t
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B.IV.3 Design of the seed predation
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Agron. Sustain. Dev. 30 (2010) 657-
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Contrasting weed species compositio
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Mean frequency in perennial lucerne
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C.I.2 Article 2: Meiss, H., Médiè
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332 H Meiss et al. communities (Boo
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334 H Meiss et al. functional group
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336 H Meiss et al. Table 3 Indicato
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338 H Meiss et al. Relative frequen
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340 H Meiss et al. MEISS H, MUNIER-
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perennial crop treatments, differen
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PFCs might inhibit the successful g
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during winter), T10 without soil ti
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The viability and germination abili
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Table 8: Organic carbon and total n
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The development of weed species ric
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C.II.3.1.2 Dynamics of weed communi
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C.II.3.1.3 Dynamics of individual w
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Time Fig. 14: Temporal development
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At the end of the experiment in spr
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Difference sown - unsown (plants m
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Cumulated BM production (g m -2 ) 1
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Weed biomass (g m -2 ) 500 400 300
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Table 12: Factors differing between
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However, some differences in densit
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Table 13: Mechanisms causing the im
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2007 and 2008, while big numbers of
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• Weed biomasses decreased in sum
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Our results show that different mec
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including exotic species (Palmer an
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XIII ème COLLOQUE INTERNATIONAL SU
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irradiation,…), and (ii) biotic i
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Table I: Species included in the ex
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Fig. 2: Mean biomass (harvestable d
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When both treatments were combined,
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C.IV WEED SEED PREDATION C.IV.1 Art
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XIII ème COLLOQUE INTERNATIONAL SU
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produites restent à la surface du
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Tableau 1 : Liste des espèces adve
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Insectes prédateurs Les principaux
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C.IV.3 Article 8: Meiss, H., Lagade
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Table 1 Studies investigating the i
Page 171 and 172: Table 2 Overview showing (i) mean s
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Page 175 and 176: D GENERAL DISCUSSION Data from weed
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Page 181 and 182: Frequency in field experiment (Epoi
Page 183 and 184: crops (Clay and Aguilar, 1998; Card
Page 185 and 186: Such diversified crop rotations cou
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Page 189 and 190: field margin strips (compare Articl
Page 191 and 192: 1) The absence of soil tillage and
Page 193 and 194: D.III.2 Predicting weed regrowth af
Page 195 and 196: Future studies must determine the s
Page 197 and 198: (illustrated in Fig. 24). Later, re
Page 199 and 200: D.III.3 Factors determining weed se
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Page 203 and 204: natural conditions, weed species po
Page 205 and 206: This PhD research project documente
Page 207 and 208: area needed for crop production. Gl
Page 209 and 210: seed characteristics, tillage and s
Page 211 and 212: Fried G., S. Petit, F. Dessaint, X.
Page 213 and 214: at the Eastern base of the Meissner
Page 215 and 216: Lindegarth M., L. Gamfeldt. (2005)
Page 217 and 218: Murphy S.D., D.R. Clements, S. Bela
Page 219 and 220: affected by experimental substrate.
Page 221: Vincent G., M. Ahmim. (1985) Note o
Page 225 and 226: genetically modified crop varieties
Page 227 and 228: ANNEXE 3: WEED SPECIES OF THE LARGE
Page 229 and 230: Name of species /genera Code Freq.
Page 231 and 232: Name of species /genera Code Freq.
Page 233 and 234: ERKLÄRUNG (DECLARATION FOR THE GIE
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