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C.IV.2 Article 7: Cordeau, S.; Meiss, H.; Boursault, A. (2009) Bandes enherbées: Quelle flore, quelles prédateurs, quelle prédation? XIII th International Conference on Weed Biology, Dijon, 50-59. 135
XIII ème COLLOQUE INTERNATIONAL SUR LA BIOLOGIE DES MAUVAISES HERBES DIJON – 8 - 10 SEPTEMBRE 2009 BANDES ENHERBEES : QUELLE FLORE, QUELS PREDATEURS, QUELLE PREDATION ? S. Cordeau 1 , H. Meiss 1,2 , A. Boursault 1 1 INRA - UMR1210 INRA-ENESAD-UB Biologie et Gestion des Adventices. 17 rue Sully, BP 86510, 21065 Dijon cedex, France. 2 Institute of Landscape Ecology and Resources Management, Division of Landscape Ecology and Landscape Planning, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26- 32, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. Email : stephane.cordeau@dijon.inra.fr RESUME Les bandes enherbées implantées pour des raisons environnementales le long des cours d’eau pourraient aussi faire office de réservoir de biodiversité végétale et animale. De plus, les adventices étant à la base des chaines trophiques, leurs graines constituent une nourriture non négligeable pour des oiseaux, des rongeurs et des invertébrés comme les carabiques. Ces organismes sont souvent abondants dans les agro-écosystèmes. Néanmoins, la prédation de graines dans les bandes enherbées est encore très mal connue. Par conséquent, connaissant de la flore adventice des bandes enherbées, quelle ressource en graines est potentiellement disponible pour les animaux ? Les bandes enherbées sontelles un milieu riche en prédateurs de graines ? Quel taux de prédation peut-on y observer et varie t-il avec le mode gestion ? Nos résultats préliminaires montrent que les bandes enherbées sont un milieu riche en espèces adventices, dont les espèces les plus fréquentes sont vivaces. Les bandes non fauchées sont plus riches en adventices. Le taux de prédation de graines varie fortement entre les 7 espèces adventices testées (20-77%) mais aucune différence de prédation n’a été observée entre les zones fauchées et non-fauchées. Enfin la diversité des groupes de prédateurs est grande. Même si les agriculteurs ne souhaitent pas laisser grainer les adventices sur les bandes enherbées, la richesse floristique présente offre potentiellement beaucoup de nourriture aux animaux, notamment aux Carabidae. C’est donc un milieu, qui, de part la flore qui s’y développe, est potentiellement attractif pour l’entomofaune. Mots clés : bandes enherbées, adventices, graine, prédation, insecte, Carabidae. Title: Sown field margin strips: What flora, what seed predators, what weed seed predation? ABSTRACT Field margin strips sown alongside watercourses for environmental reasons may also constitute a refuge for plants and animals. Weed seeds may be important for the diets of birds, small mammals and various invertebrates, notably beetles. Such organisms may be abundant in agro-ecosystems, but weed seed predation has rarely been studied in field margin strips. Knowing the weed flora of the margin strips, what seed resources could be available for predators? Are sown field margin strips habitats with high seed predator abundances and diversities? What seed predation rates can be observed? Our preliminary results show that weed communities were very diverse and mostly characterized by perennial species. Uncut plots had higher plant species richness than cut plots. Seed predation rates varied strongly between 7 tested weed species (from 20 to 77% on average) but differences between cut and uncut plots were not significant. Seed predator diversities were high. Though most farmers don’t like weed seed production on margin strips, the high floristic diversity on margin strips may offer a lot of food resources for farmland animals, especially beetles. Therefore, it can be an attractive habitat for weed seed predators. Key words: Field margin strips, weed, seed, predation, insect, Carabidae 136
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Diversifying crop rotations with te
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In Chizé, I am indebted to all the
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Talks . ...........................
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C.II.4.1 Differences between crop t
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INDEX OF FIGURES Fig. 1: Population
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ABSTRACTS (ENGLISH, FRENCH & GERMAN
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Extended summary in English Résum
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Extended summary in English Résum
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CONTEXT AND FUNDING This thesis is
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THESIS ORGANISATION This thesis ent
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8) Meiss, H., Lagadec, L. L., Munie
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Posters . 1) Meiss, H., Waldhardt,
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2007). Agriculture is increasingly
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term considerations (Munier-Jolain
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problematic for the production of d
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Newton, 2004). Several bird species
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A.III APPROACHES TO ALLEVIATE THE
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and higher production costs or even
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competitive yield loss (Cousens, 19
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2006; Makowski et al., 2007). Moreo
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Table 3: Four strategies for combin
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otations is thus an obvious approac
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iv) the availability of cheap and e
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Clay & Aguilar (1998) compared the
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Heggenstaller & Liebman (2006) comp
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growth of any (crop or weed) plant
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A.V DIVERSIFIED CROPPING SYSTEM CON
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crops will thus probably show rathe
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annual crops while increasing organ
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• Which species are suppressed, w
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B OVERWIEW OF THE MATERIALS & METHO
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A) France B) Study site ~1000 km Pe
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perennial crops with different mana
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B.III.2.4 Cutting height In 2008, t
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B.IV.3 Design of the seed predation
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Agron. Sustain. Dev. 30 (2010) 657-
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Contrasting weed species compositio
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Mean frequency in perennial lucerne
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C.I.2 Article 2: Meiss, H., Médiè
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332 H Meiss et al. communities (Boo
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334 H Meiss et al. functional group
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336 H Meiss et al. Table 3 Indicato
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338 H Meiss et al. Relative frequen
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340 H Meiss et al. MEISS H, MUNIER-
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perennial crop treatments, differen
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PFCs might inhibit the successful g
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during winter), T10 without soil ti
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The viability and germination abili
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Table 8: Organic carbon and total n
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The development of weed species ric
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C.II.3.1.2 Dynamics of weed communi
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Page 109 and 110: Time Fig. 14: Temporal development
Page 111 and 112: At the end of the experiment in spr
Page 113 and 114: Difference sown - unsown (plants m
Page 115 and 116: Cumulated BM production (g m -2 ) 1
Page 117 and 118: Weed biomass (g m -2 ) 500 400 300
Page 119 and 120: Table 12: Factors differing between
Page 121 and 122: However, some differences in densit
Page 123 and 124: Table 13: Mechanisms causing the im
Page 125 and 126: 2007 and 2008, while big numbers of
Page 127 and 128: • Weed biomasses decreased in sum
Page 129 and 130: Our results show that different mec
Page 131 and 132: including exotic species (Palmer an
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Page 141 and 142: XIII ème COLLOQUE INTERNATIONAL SU
Page 143 and 144: irradiation,…), and (ii) biotic i
Page 145 and 146: Table I: Species included in the ex
Page 147 and 148: Fig. 2: Mean biomass (harvestable d
Page 149 and 150: When both treatments were combined,
Page 151 and 152: C.IV WEED SEED PREDATION C.IV.1 Art
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Page 161 and 162: produites restent à la surface du
Page 163 and 164: Tableau 1 : Liste des espèces adve
Page 165 and 166: Insectes prédateurs Les principaux
Page 167 and 168: C.IV.3 Article 8: Meiss, H., Lagade
Page 169 and 170: Table 1 Studies investigating the i
Page 171 and 172: Table 2 Overview showing (i) mean s
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Page 175 and 176: D GENERAL DISCUSSION Data from weed
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Page 181 and 182: Frequency in field experiment (Epoi
Page 183 and 184: crops (Clay and Aguilar, 1998; Card
Page 185 and 186: Such diversified crop rotations cou
Page 187 and 188: the leaves (needed for photosynthes
Page 189 and 190: field margin strips (compare Articl
Page 191 and 192: 1) The absence of soil tillage and
Page 193 and 194: D.III.2 Predicting weed regrowth af
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Page 197 and 198: (illustrated in Fig. 24). Later, re
Page 199 and 200: D.III.3 Factors determining weed se
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Page 207 and 208: area needed for crop production. Gl
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seed characteristics, tillage and s
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Fried G., S. Petit, F. Dessaint, X.
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at the Eastern base of the Meissner
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Lindegarth M., L. Gamfeldt. (2005)
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Murphy S.D., D.R. Clements, S. Bela
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affected by experimental substrate.
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Vincent G., M. Ahmim. (1985) Note o
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ANNEXES ANNEXE 1: KEY WORDS IN ENGL
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genetically modified crop varieties
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ANNEXE 3: WEED SPECIES OF THE LARGE
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Name of species /genera Code Freq.
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Name of species /genera Code Freq.
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ERKLÄRUNG (DECLARATION FOR THE GIE
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