Diversifying crop rotations with temporary grasslands - Université de ...
Diversifying crop rotations with temporary grasslands - Université de ...
Diversifying crop rotations with temporary grasslands - Université de ...
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XIII ème<br />
COLLOQUE INTERNATIONAL SUR LA BIOLOGIE DES MAUVAISES HERBES<br />
DIJON – 8 - 10 SEPTEMBRE 2009<br />
CUTTING AND COMPETITION REDUCE WEED GROWTH:<br />
ADDITIVE OR INTERACTIVE EFFECTS?<br />
H. MEISS 1,2 , R. BONNOT 1 , F. STRBIK 1 , R. WALDHARDT 2<br />
,<br />
1<br />
J. CANEILL , N. MUNIER-JOLAIN<br />
1 Institut National <strong>de</strong> la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR 1210 Biologie et Gestion <strong>de</strong>s<br />
Adventices, 17 rue Sully, BP 86510, F-21065 Dijon ce<strong>de</strong>x, France.<br />
2<br />
Institute of Landscape Ecology and Resources Management, Justus-Liebig-University<br />
Giessen, IFZ, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.<br />
E-mails: helmut.meiss@dijon.inra.fr, remi_bnt@hotmail.com, rainer.waldhardt@umwelt.uni-giessen.<strong>de</strong>,<br />
jacques.caneill@dijon.inra.fr, munierj@dijon.inra.fr<br />
SUMMARY:<br />
Weed growth may be affected by disturbance or competition. Both processes are important in<br />
pluriannual forage <strong>crop</strong>s (lucernes, clovers, grasses,…) that are mown 1-5 times per year.<br />
We conducted an experiment to test for possible interactions between the effects of cutting<br />
and competition on weed growth. Twelve annual weed species were grown un<strong>de</strong>r two levels<br />
of competition (presence or absence of lucerne) and <strong>with</strong> or <strong>with</strong>out an early cutting treatment<br />
(2x2 factorial <strong>de</strong>sign). Both treatments had negative effects. When cutting and high<br />
competition were combined, all species produced lowest amounts of biomass. Our results<br />
suggest that both effects were purely additive for most of the species (neither compensation<br />
nor disproportionate amplification of the effects). This knowledge will be useful for <strong>de</strong>signing<br />
innovative <strong>crop</strong>ping systems combining productivity and sustainability.<br />
Key words: Regrowth, Mowing, Temporary Grasslands, Integrated Weed Control.<br />
LES EFFETS DE LA FAUCHE ET DE LA COMPETITION SUR LA CROISSANCE DES<br />
ADVENTICES : SONT-ILS ADDITIFS OU INTERACTIFS ?<br />
RÉSUMÉ :<br />
La croissance <strong>de</strong>s adventices peut être affectée par <strong>de</strong>s perturbations et par la compétition.<br />
Ces <strong>de</strong>ux processus opposés sont importants dans <strong>de</strong>s prairies temporaires (cultures<br />
fourragères pluriannuelles fauchées 1-5 fois par an). Une expérimentation a été réalisée pour<br />
tester les interactions entre ces <strong>de</strong>ux processus. Douze espèces annuelles ont été cultivées<br />
118<br />
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