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C.III.2 Article 5: Meiss, H., Bonnot, R., Strbik, F., Waldhardt, R., Caneill, J. & Munier- Jolain, N. (2009) Cutting and competition reduce weed growth: additive or interactive effects? XIII th International Conference on Weed Biology, Dijon, 28-37. 117
XIII ème COLLOQUE INTERNATIONAL SUR LA BIOLOGIE DES MAUVAISES HERBES DIJON – 8 - 10 SEPTEMBRE 2009 CUTTING AND COMPETITION REDUCE WEED GROWTH: ADDITIVE OR INTERACTIVE EFFECTS? H. MEISS 1,2 , R. BONNOT 1 , F. STRBIK 1 , R. WALDHARDT 2 , 1 J. CANEILL , N. MUNIER-JOLAIN 1 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR 1210 Biologie et Gestion des Adventices, 17 rue Sully, BP 86510, F-21065 Dijon cedex, France. 2 Institute of Landscape Ecology and Resources Management, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, IFZ, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. E-mails: helmut.meiss@dijon.inra.fr, remi_bnt@hotmail.com, rainer.waldhardt@umwelt.uni-giessen.de, jacques.caneill@dijon.inra.fr, munierj@dijon.inra.fr SUMMARY: Weed growth may be affected by disturbance or competition. Both processes are important in pluriannual forage crops (lucernes, clovers, grasses,…) that are mown 1-5 times per year. We conducted an experiment to test for possible interactions between the effects of cutting and competition on weed growth. Twelve annual weed species were grown under two levels of competition (presence or absence of lucerne) and with or without an early cutting treatment (2x2 factorial design). Both treatments had negative effects. When cutting and high competition were combined, all species produced lowest amounts of biomass. Our results suggest that both effects were purely additive for most of the species (neither compensation nor disproportionate amplification of the effects). This knowledge will be useful for designing innovative cropping systems combining productivity and sustainability. Key words: Regrowth, Mowing, Temporary Grasslands, Integrated Weed Control. LES EFFETS DE LA FAUCHE ET DE LA COMPETITION SUR LA CROISSANCE DES ADVENTICES : SONT-ILS ADDITIFS OU INTERACTIFS ? RÉSUMÉ : La croissance des adventices peut être affectée par des perturbations et par la compétition. Ces deux processus opposés sont importants dans des prairies temporaires (cultures fourragères pluriannuelles fauchées 1-5 fois par an). Une expérimentation a été réalisée pour tester les interactions entre ces deux processus. Douze espèces annuelles ont été cultivées 118 1
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Diversifying crop rotations with te
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In Chizé, I am indebted to all the
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Talks . ...........................
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C.II.4.1 Differences between crop t
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INDEX OF FIGURES Fig. 1: Population
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ABSTRACTS (ENGLISH, FRENCH & GERMAN
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Extended summary in English Résum
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Extended summary in English Résum
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CONTEXT AND FUNDING This thesis is
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THESIS ORGANISATION This thesis ent
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8) Meiss, H., Lagadec, L. L., Munie
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Posters . 1) Meiss, H., Waldhardt,
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2007). Agriculture is increasingly
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term considerations (Munier-Jolain
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problematic for the production of d
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Newton, 2004). Several bird species
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A.III APPROACHES TO ALLEVIATE THE
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and higher production costs or even
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competitive yield loss (Cousens, 19
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2006; Makowski et al., 2007). Moreo
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Table 3: Four strategies for combin
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otations is thus an obvious approac
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iv) the availability of cheap and e
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Clay & Aguilar (1998) compared the
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Heggenstaller & Liebman (2006) comp
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growth of any (crop or weed) plant
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A.V DIVERSIFIED CROPPING SYSTEM CON
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crops will thus probably show rathe
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annual crops while increasing organ
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• Which species are suppressed, w
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B OVERWIEW OF THE MATERIALS & METHO
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A) France B) Study site ~1000 km Pe
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perennial crops with different mana
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B.III.2.4 Cutting height In 2008, t
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B.IV.3 Design of the seed predation
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Agron. Sustain. Dev. 30 (2010) 657-
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Contrasting weed species compositio
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Mean frequency in perennial lucerne
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C.I.2 Article 2: Meiss, H., Médiè
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332 H Meiss et al. communities (Boo
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334 H Meiss et al. functional group
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336 H Meiss et al. Table 3 Indicato
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Page 93 and 94: perennial crop treatments, differen
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Page 99 and 100: The viability and germination abili
Page 101 and 102: Table 8: Organic carbon and total n
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Page 105 and 106: C.II.3.1.2 Dynamics of weed communi
Page 107 and 108: C.II.3.1.3 Dynamics of individual w
Page 109 and 110: Time Fig. 14: Temporal development
Page 111 and 112: At the end of the experiment in spr
Page 113 and 114: Difference sown - unsown (plants m
Page 115 and 116: Cumulated BM production (g m -2 ) 1
Page 117 and 118: Weed biomass (g m -2 ) 500 400 300
Page 119 and 120: Table 12: Factors differing between
Page 121 and 122: However, some differences in densit
Page 123 and 124: Table 13: Mechanisms causing the im
Page 125 and 126: 2007 and 2008, while big numbers of
Page 127 and 128: • Weed biomasses decreased in sum
Page 129 and 130: Our results show that different mec
Page 131 and 132: including exotic species (Palmer an
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Page 143 and 144: irradiation,…), and (ii) biotic i
Page 145 and 146: Table I: Species included in the ex
Page 147 and 148: Fig. 2: Mean biomass (harvestable d
Page 149 and 150: When both treatments were combined,
Page 151 and 152: C.IV WEED SEED PREDATION C.IV.1 Art
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Page 159 and 160: XIII ème COLLOQUE INTERNATIONAL SU
Page 161 and 162: produites restent à la surface du
Page 163 and 164: Tableau 1 : Liste des espèces adve
Page 165 and 166: Insectes prédateurs Les principaux
Page 167 and 168: C.IV.3 Article 8: Meiss, H., Lagade
Page 169 and 170: Table 1 Studies investigating the i
Page 171 and 172: Table 2 Overview showing (i) mean s
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Page 175 and 176: D GENERAL DISCUSSION Data from weed
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Page 181 and 182: Frequency in field experiment (Epoi
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Page 185 and 186: Such diversified crop rotations cou
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1) The absence of soil tillage and
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D.III.2 Predicting weed regrowth af
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Future studies must determine the s
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(illustrated in Fig. 24). Later, re
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D.III.3 Factors determining weed se
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governing the presence and abundanc
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natural conditions, weed species po
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This PhD research project documente
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area needed for crop production. Gl
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seed characteristics, tillage and s
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Fried G., S. Petit, F. Dessaint, X.
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at the Eastern base of the Meissner
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Lindegarth M., L. Gamfeldt. (2005)
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Murphy S.D., D.R. Clements, S. Bela
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affected by experimental substrate.
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Vincent G., M. Ahmim. (1985) Note o
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ANNEXES ANNEXE 1: KEY WORDS IN ENGL
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genetically modified crop varieties
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ANNEXE 3: WEED SPECIES OF THE LARGE
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Name of species /genera Code Freq.
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Name of species /genera Code Freq.
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ERKLÄRUNG (DECLARATION FOR THE GIE
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