Diversifying crop rotations with temporary grasslands - Université de ...
Diversifying crop rotations with temporary grasslands - Université de ...
Diversifying crop rotations with temporary grasslands - Université de ...
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At the end of the experiment in spring 2009, the emerged weed communities were<br />
characterized by a number of indicator species for different <strong>crop</strong> treatments (Table 10). Ten<br />
weed species were significantly associated <strong>with</strong> one or several annual <strong>crop</strong> successions (T9-<br />
T11) and appeared only occasionally in the perennial <strong>crop</strong>s. Six species were significantly<br />
associated <strong>with</strong> spring-sown alfalfa (T5) and one species (T. officinale) <strong>with</strong> both spring-sown<br />
perennial <strong>crop</strong>s. Only one species (S. media)<br />
had an increased and nearly significant indicator<br />
value in autumn sown alfalfa (T2) while all other autumn sown perennial <strong>crop</strong> treatments had<br />
no significant indicator species. The ten indicator species of annual <strong>crop</strong>s inclu<strong>de</strong>d the most<br />
abundant weed species, while most of the indicators for perennial <strong>crop</strong>s were less abundant<br />
(see column ‘Total abundance’ in Table 10).<br />
Table 10: Indicator Species Analysis of emerged weed communities in 9 <strong>crop</strong> treatments at the end of the<br />
experiment in spring 2009.<br />
Species<br />
Total Total<br />
freq. abund.<br />
(1) (2)<br />
Treatment (3)<br />
Alfalfa Cocksfoot Wheat-Barley<br />
Aut. Spring Aut. T+ T+ T-<br />
C- C+ C+ C+ C+ C- M<br />
T2 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 T9 T11 T10<br />
T.<br />
IVmax<br />
p-value<br />
# # ---------------Indicator Values-------------<br />
Indicators for autumn sown perennial <strong>crop</strong>s<br />
Stellaria media 15 36 13 0 2 0 0 0 1 1 1 T2 0.0728 ns<br />
Indicators for spring-sown perennial <strong>crop</strong>s<br />
Poa annua<br />
C. album +polysp.<br />
Atriplex patula<br />
Anagallis arvensis<br />
Capsella bursa-pastoris<br />
Sonchus asper +oleraceus<br />
6<br />
12<br />
4<br />
41<br />
6<br />
60<br />
7<br />
23<br />
22<br />
109<br />
7<br />
105<br />
0 0 11 1<br />
0 0 15 0<br />
0 0 18 0<br />
1 4 24 1<br />
1 0 27 0<br />
12 2 13 0<br />
3<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
4<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
1<br />
0<br />
1<br />
0<br />
2<br />
0<br />
9<br />
0<br />
4<br />
0<br />
4<br />
0<br />
5<br />
0<br />
1<br />
0<br />
3<br />
0<br />
4<br />
0.0326 *<br />
|<br />
0.0322 *<br />
|<br />
0.0022 **<br />
T5<br />
0.0004 ***<br />
|<br />
0.0002 ***<br />
|<br />
0.1082 ns<br />
Taraxacum officinale 21 31 1 0 16 20 0 0 0 0 0 T6 0.0012 **<br />
Indicators for annual <strong>crop</strong>s<br />
P. pers. +lapathifolium 11 68 0 0 0 0 0 0 29 0 0 | 0.0026 **<br />
Fallopia convolvulus 56 218 8 16 1 0 0 0 31 4 5 | 0.0002 ***<br />
Polygonum aviculare 41 151 0 15 0 0 0 0 23 2 15 T9 0.0038 **<br />
Veronica persica 73 502 8 5 2 0 0 0 27 22 7 | 0.0016 **<br />
Sinapis arvensis 42 1062 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 38 1 | 0.0002 ***<br />
Papaver rhoeas 16 33 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 24 9 | 0.0008 ***<br />
Galium aparine 59 3707 0 0 0 0 0 0 36 50 13 T11 0.0002 ***<br />
Alopecurus myosuroi<strong>de</strong>s 62 1347 1 0 0 0 0 0 35 39 22 | 0.0002 ***<br />
Lolium multiflorum<br />
Bromus sterilis<br />
35<br />
23<br />
132<br />
119<br />
1<br />
1<br />
0<br />
0<br />
2<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
3<br />
0<br />
3<br />
0<br />
54<br />
81<br />
0.0002 ***<br />
T10<br />
0.0002 ***<br />
High Indicator Values (IV) are sha<strong>de</strong>d in darker grey <strong>with</strong> three steps: IV≥10, IV≥20 and IV≥30.<br />
(1) Total number of quadrats where the species is present (total = 152 quadrats, thus 16-18 quadrats/treatment).<br />
(2) Total number of plants in all quadrats.<br />
(3) See Table 1 for <strong>crop</strong> treatments T2-T11.<br />
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