Diversifying crop rotations with temporary grasslands - Université de ...
Diversifying crop rotations with temporary grasslands - Université de ...
Diversifying crop rotations with temporary grasslands - Université de ...
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North<br />
T5 Med<br />
Spr C+<br />
T10 WB<br />
T-<br />
T8 Dac<br />
Aut C-<br />
T6 Dac<br />
Spr C+<br />
T7 Dac<br />
Aut C+<br />
T2 Med<br />
Aut C-<br />
T8 Dac<br />
Aut C-<br />
T9 WB<br />
T+<br />
A) 36 experimental plots<br />
T5 Med<br />
Spr C+<br />
T11 WB<br />
T+M<br />
T10 WB<br />
T-<br />
T7 Dac<br />
Aut C+<br />
T6 Dac<br />
Spr C+<br />
T9 WB<br />
T+<br />
T11 WB<br />
T+M<br />
T8 Dac<br />
Aut C-<br />
T7 Dac<br />
Aut C+<br />
T4 Med<br />
Aut C+<br />
T5 Med<br />
Spr C+<br />
T4 Med<br />
Aut C+<br />
T4 Med<br />
Aut C+<br />
T6 Dac<br />
Spr C+<br />
T9 WB<br />
T+<br />
T11 WB<br />
T+M<br />
T2 Med<br />
Aut C-<br />
T10 WB<br />
T-<br />
T5 Med<br />
Spr C+<br />
T2 Med<br />
Aut C-<br />
T7 Dac<br />
Aut C+<br />
T9 WB<br />
T+<br />
T8 Dac<br />
Aut C-<br />
T11 WB<br />
T+M<br />
77<br />
T6 Dac<br />
Spr C+<br />
T10 WB<br />
T-<br />
T4 Med<br />
Aut C+<br />
T2 Med<br />
Aut C-<br />
West South<br />
East<br />
BM<br />
BM<br />
BM<br />
B) One plot<br />
BM<br />
Q1<br />
Q2<br />
Q3<br />
a b c d e<br />
6 micro-plots<br />
Fig. 10: A) Spatial set up of the 36 experimental plots (9 <strong>crop</strong> treatments * 4 repetitions) on an experimental field<br />
<strong>with</strong> 6*9=54 plots. B) Localisation of plant <strong>de</strong>nsity and biomass measurements on the 6 micro-plots of each plot.<br />
Each plot measures 7.5 m x 10 m = 75 m². Black lines are 4 m wi<strong>de</strong> alleys around the plots. Grey plots were not<br />
used. For practical reasons, both spring-sown <strong>crop</strong> treatments (T5 and T6) were grouped together (in the upper<br />
line of the graph). Each plot is composed by 6 micro-plots (a-f, about 1.5 m wi<strong>de</strong>). On five micro-plots (a-e),<br />
weed seeds had been ad<strong>de</strong>d to the soil (see section C.II.2.1.1), micro-plot f was the unsown control (striped).<br />
Quadrats (Q1-Q3) show the location of the fixed zones where weed plant <strong>de</strong>nsities were regularly measured;<br />
quadrats (BM) show the non-fixed zones, where the <strong>crop</strong> and weed biomasses were successively measured<br />
(<strong>de</strong>structive in the annual <strong>crop</strong>s, ‘quasi non-<strong>de</strong>structive’ in the perennial <strong>crop</strong>s due to hay cuttings few days later<br />
and regrowth); small red dots show the approximate location of the 8 soil cores taken for seed bank evaluation,<br />
the black dot the soil cores taken for chemical analysis.<br />
C.II.2.2.3<br />
Chemical soil parameters<br />
Soil samples were taken 7 weeks after the beginning of the experiment and after two years at<br />
two soil layers (1: 0-30cm, 2: 30-60cm) using a ‘ Pürkhauer’<br />
type soil core sampler (diameter<br />
= 5 cm) on micro-plots d (see <strong>de</strong>tails in Fig. 10).<br />
Chemical soil analyses of both sampling<br />
dates were performed by an external service ‘Laboratoire Départemental <strong>de</strong> la Côte d’Or’<br />
using standardized methods.<br />
Results of the chemical soil analysis are summarized in Table 8. Both organic carbon and total<br />
nitrogen concentrations <strong>de</strong>creased always <strong>with</strong> soil <strong>de</strong>pth. While carbon concentrations did not<br />
change from the first to the second sampling date, total nitrogen showed an increasing<br />
ten<strong>de</strong>ncy which led to narrower C/N ratios.<br />
Q1<br />
Q2<br />
Q3<br />
f