Mining_Methods_UnderGround_Mining - Mining and Blasting

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BOxHOle BOring aT el TenienTe input to future development of boxhole boring technology. With production results exceeding expectations, it has also proved to be a new milestone in the ap- plication of boxhole boring machines. acknowledgement Atlas Copco is grateful to the management and staff at El Teniente for their help and assistance with this article. Robbins 53RH-EX under test. Rock Type Composition Density UCS Young’s Poisson’s [%] [ton/m 3] [MPa] Modulus Ratio [MPa] [---] Andesite Fw 36 2.75 100 55 0.12 Andesite Hw 24 2.75 125 55 0.17 Anhydrite Breccha 20 2.70 115 55 0.17 Andesite Breccha 12 2.70 100 50 0.12 Diorite 8 2.75 140 60 0.15 Rock properties at El Teniente. 96 underground mining methods
anTOFagaSTa, CHile Modernization at Sierra Miranda Computerized systems The Sierra Miranda copper mine in Chile has undergone a complete transformation over the last year, as a result of which it is now rated as one of the most modern mines in Latin America. Along the way, the mine has acquired a purposematched fleet of new generation Atlas Copco equipment, capable of high output without the availability of a high tension underground electricity supply. To support this process of modernization, proactive and preventive service and maintenance is essential, and the management at Sierra Miranda know that good aftermarket support for this type of advanced equipment is vital in order to achieve their production goals. It was for this reason that the mine entrusted Atlas Copco as a true partner, having confidence in their reputation as a serious company with a lot of experience. large operation The Sierra Miranda Mine, located about 60 km northeast of the city of Antofa- gasta, is one of Chile’s largest underground mining operations and has a history of using the most modern mining techniques and equipment available. Sierra Miranda lacks a substantial power facility, with the exception of electricity for lighting and ventilation, and has no water or air supply lines. As a result, to mechanize effectively, all of its underground equipment has to be self-sufficient. The drill rigs, for example, are all diesel-hydraulic with independent water-mist flushing systems. The mine’s total production is 3.3 million t/y, 1.1 million t of which is waste rock from development work, and the remaining 2.2 million t is copper ore with an average grade of 0.75%. The host rock is volcanic andesite and the mineral deposit is principally copper malachite, a combination of At the controls of a Rocket Boomer L1 C drill rig. Operators at the Sierra Miranda mine appreciate the benefits of the computerized systems. copper pitch ore and chryssocholla, with sporadic atacamite. Three years ago, the mine owner star- ted the first stage of modernizing the mine’s operations. This required the latest generation of equipment in order to improve the systems for extraction and the mining processes. atlas Copco fleet Sierra Miranda is one of the few, and possibly the only mine of its size in the world, that is equipped with dieselhydraulic machines. Currently, the mine production drilling fleet is all Atlas Copco, including a Simba M6 C, four Rocket Boomer L1 C drill rigs equipped with the RCS computerized rig control system, and a Scaletec scaling rig, which is the first of its kind in Latin America. In addition, the mine has five Atlas Copco ROC 460 PC drill rigs, and Diamec U6 and CT14 exploration rigs, as well as various mobile compressors. The production fleet of mobile equipment comprises four Scooptram ST1020 remote controlled loaders. A Scooptram ST2G loader and an additional Simba are also expected to join the fleet this year. The owner is investing in the latest generation of equipment in order to grow the mine as quicly as possible, and the selection of Atlas Copco machines has provided the exact match for this requirement. efficient production Sierra Miranda has a workforce of about 300, including contractors’ personnel. The mining method is sub-level stoping, without backfill. As the orebody is relatively narrow at 4-10 m-wide it is necessary to use an extraction method that is both precise and focused. The deposit is situated near the surface, which from a geo-mechanical point of view is favourable, as the support pillars in the mine are not subjected to excessive pressure. Until recently, Atlas Copco ROC 460 truck-mounted drill rigs with short feeds and DTH hammers were used underground mining methods 97
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Mining Methods in Underground Minin
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Contents Foreword 2 Foreword by Han
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Mining TrendS Trends in underground
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Rock production (2005) Ore (Mt) noi
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geOlOgy FOr Mining geology for unde
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Sandstone. Gneiss. Many salts, for
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drives within the mineral deposit,
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Mineral prospecting and exploration
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Atlas Copco underground core drilli
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Finding the right balance in explor
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% 100 80 60 40 20 0 Canada latin am
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Mine inFraSTruCTure underground min
Page 25 and 26:
pumphouses and workshops. Drill/bla
Page 27 and 28:
Principles of raise boring efficien
Page 29 and 30:
Typical operating installation of t
Page 31 and 32:
MeCHanized BOlTing Mechanized bolti
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on the latest Boomer and Simba seri
Page 35 and 36:
Mining in steep orebodies Based on
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main level, providing access and ve
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waste ratio during a typical muckin
Page 41 and 42:
Mining in flat orebodies nearly hor
Page 43 and 44:
crosscut drift Foot wall (The Fossu
Page 45 and 46:
BaCkFilling Backfilling for safety
Page 47 and 48: Thickener Binder cement and/or slag
Page 49 and 50: History Mining has been conducted a
Page 51 and 52: 0.1% Cu, 99 g/t Ag and 0.3 g/t Au.
Page 53 and 54: This joint development process star
Page 55 and 56: zinkgruVan, Sweden Changing systems
Page 57 and 58: longhole open stoping has contribut
Page 59 and 60: flexibility during drilling and bol
Page 61 and 62: increasing outputs at lkaB iron ore
Page 63 and 64: 2 Groups of ore passes 7 Developmen
Page 65 and 66: keMi, Finland From surface to under
Page 67 and 68: The crusher station at the 560 m le
Page 69 and 70: Kemi is carrying out slot hole dril
Page 71 and 72: JelSˇ aVa, SlOVakia Mining magnesi
Page 73 and 74: Pillar between stopes 5.0 m-high, b
Page 75 and 76: kure, Turkey all change for asikoy
Page 77 and 78: m along the footwall contact, or in
Page 79 and 80: History The El Soldado and Los Bron
Page 81 and 82: Max 15.0 m Ventilation shaft 17 to
Page 83 and 84: Simba M6 C drilling radial holes. a
Page 85 and 86: Pioneering mass caving at el Tenien
Page 87 and 88: caving in primary rock. Currently,
Page 89 and 90: Production area 5 4 80 m 57,5 m 22,
Page 91 and 92: used is again panel caving with pre
Page 93 and 94: introduction Codelco, renowned for
Page 95 and 96: During pilot hole drilling and rea-
Page 97: 40 m in length were drilled each mo
Page 101 and 102: MOunT iSa, auSTralia Mount isa mine
Page 103 and 104: 4500N Advance south Stoping sequenc
Page 105 and 106: to the hanging wall. The fill used
Page 107 and 108: MelBOurne, auSTralia High speed hau
Page 109 and 110: The Minetruck MT5010 exits from the
Page 111 and 112: geology The Olympic Dam mineral dep
Page 113 and 114: Activity Overview Mucking Overview
Page 115 and 116: on site. Later stopes, which are no
Page 117 and 118: improved results at Meishan iron or
Page 119 and 120: ig, six hours/shift, two shifts/day
Page 121 and 122: Mechanized mining in low headroom a
Page 123 and 124: large scale copper mining adapted t
Page 125 and 126: tricky, because the pillars in the
Page 127 and 128: gerMany/SOuTH kOrea underground min
Page 129 and 130: which are spread over 10-130 Mpa. A
Page 131 and 132: CaMPO FOrMOSO, Brazil Sub level cav
Page 133 and 134: Slot drilling at Ferbasa: The Simba
Page 135 and 136: getting the best for Peñoles Speci
Page 137 and 138: They went from drilling 20 m downwa
Page 139 and 140: keeping a low profile at Panasqueir
Page 141 and 142: Boomer S1 L drill rig in operation.
Page 143 and 144: Want peace of mind? Visit our Maste
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