Mining_Methods_UnderGround_Mining - Mining and Blasting

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introduction Codelco, renowned for its refined copper output, is also the second ranked world supplier of molybdenum, as well as being a major producer of silver and sulphuric acid, both of which are by-products of its core copper production. The El Teniente mine, located high in the Andes at an elevation of 2,100 m, has been producing copper since 1904. The orebody is 2.8 km-long by 1.9 km-wide, and is 1.8 km-deep, with proven reserves of some 4,000 million t, sufficient for a mine life of 100 years. Approximately 2,800 miners work seven levels on a 24 h/day, 7 day/ week operation. El Teniente production increased si- gnificantly in 2005, when its new Es- meralda section came on line, using the pre-undercut panel caving method. Over- all mine output has increased by 31,000 t/day, with 45,000 t/day coming from the Esmeralda Project, making it the most important sector in the mine. The two new boxhole boring systems supplied by Atlas Copco Robbins are a vital part of this production system. BOxHOle BOring aT el TenienTe Boxhole boring at el Teniente The lieutenant marches on State owned Codelco is Chile’s largest company and the world’s largest producer of refined copper. The Codelco-owned El Teniente (The Lieutenant) mine is presently the world’s largest underground mining operation. The mine ave- rage production rate is currently 126,000 t/day. Boxhole boring between the production and haulage levels using Atlas Copco Robbins machines is a major component in achieving such high outputs. Recently, two raise borers modified to suit the El Teniente mine conditions were commissioned by Atlas Copco. They were evaluated for three months, during which time the crews were trained in their operation. Both exceeded the set target performance criteria. Mining method at El Teniente. Loading, LHD Dumping Ventilation shaft, 1.5 m diameter 35 m long Robbins 53RH BASiC FACTS in nEw OPERATiOn Main caving level Level: 2,210 m above sea level. Drifts: 15 m. Section: 3.6 x 3.4 m. Caving with horizontal cut: 4 m in height. Production level Level: 2,162 m above sea level. Drifts: 30 m. Sections: 4.0 x 3.6 m. Draw Bell: 17.3 m Robbins 34RH Orepasses Tapping Orebody (narrow cut) Slot hole 0.7 m diam/15 m long Production level Ventilation shaft, 1.5 m diameter 45 m long (max: 75 m) Transportation level Ventilation level The 3.6 x 3.6 m operating limits at the mine work sites demanded an extremely low reamer design with a quickly detachable stinger. This reamer is bolted onto the machine when not in use. When piloting, the stinger is removed from the reamer, to allow the drill string to be fed through. In reaming mode, the stinger is refitted using the pipe loader, and the locking bolts are tightened manually. underground mining methods 91
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Mining Methods in Underground Minin
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Contents Foreword 2 Foreword by Han
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Mining TrendS Trends in underground
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Rock production (2005) Ore (Mt) noi
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geOlOgy FOr Mining geology for unde
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Sandstone. Gneiss. Many salts, for
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drives within the mineral deposit,
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Mineral prospecting and exploration
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Atlas Copco underground core drilli
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Finding the right balance in explor
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% 100 80 60 40 20 0 Canada latin am
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Mine inFraSTruCTure underground min
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pumphouses and workshops. Drill/bla
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Principles of raise boring efficien
Page 29 and 30:
Typical operating installation of t
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MeCHanized BOlTing Mechanized bolti
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on the latest Boomer and Simba seri
Page 35 and 36:
Mining in steep orebodies Based on
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main level, providing access and ve
Page 39 and 40:
waste ratio during a typical muckin
Page 41 and 42: Mining in flat orebodies nearly hor
Page 43 and 44: crosscut drift Foot wall (The Fossu
Page 45 and 46: BaCkFilling Backfilling for safety
Page 47 and 48: Thickener Binder cement and/or slag
Page 49 and 50: History Mining has been conducted a
Page 51 and 52: 0.1% Cu, 99 g/t Ag and 0.3 g/t Au.
Page 53 and 54: This joint development process star
Page 55 and 56: zinkgruVan, Sweden Changing systems
Page 57 and 58: longhole open stoping has contribut
Page 59 and 60: flexibility during drilling and bol
Page 61 and 62: increasing outputs at lkaB iron ore
Page 63 and 64: 2 Groups of ore passes 7 Developmen
Page 65 and 66: keMi, Finland From surface to under
Page 67 and 68: The crusher station at the 560 m le
Page 69 and 70: Kemi is carrying out slot hole dril
Page 71 and 72: JelSˇ aVa, SlOVakia Mining magnesi
Page 73 and 74: Pillar between stopes 5.0 m-high, b
Page 75 and 76: kure, Turkey all change for asikoy
Page 77 and 78: m along the footwall contact, or in
Page 79 and 80: History The El Soldado and Los Bron
Page 81 and 82: Max 15.0 m Ventilation shaft 17 to
Page 83 and 84: Simba M6 C drilling radial holes. a
Page 85 and 86: Pioneering mass caving at el Tenien
Page 87 and 88: caving in primary rock. Currently,
Page 89 and 90: Production area 5 4 80 m 57,5 m 22,
Page 91: used is again panel caving with pre
Page 95 and 96: During pilot hole drilling and rea-
Page 97 and 98: 40 m in length were drilled each mo
Page 99 and 100: anTOFagaSTa, CHile Modernization at
Page 101 and 102: MOunT iSa, auSTralia Mount isa mine
Page 103 and 104: 4500N Advance south Stoping sequenc
Page 105 and 106: to the hanging wall. The fill used
Page 107 and 108: MelBOurne, auSTralia High speed hau
Page 109 and 110: The Minetruck MT5010 exits from the
Page 111 and 112: geology The Olympic Dam mineral dep
Page 113 and 114: Activity Overview Mucking Overview
Page 115 and 116: on site. Later stopes, which are no
Page 117 and 118: improved results at Meishan iron or
Page 119 and 120: ig, six hours/shift, two shifts/day
Page 121 and 122: Mechanized mining in low headroom a
Page 123 and 124: large scale copper mining adapted t
Page 125 and 126: tricky, because the pillars in the
Page 127 and 128: gerMany/SOuTH kOrea underground min
Page 129 and 130: which are spread over 10-130 Mpa. A
Page 131 and 132: CaMPO FOrMOSO, Brazil Sub level cav
Page 133 and 134: Slot drilling at Ferbasa: The Simba
Page 135 and 136: getting the best for Peñoles Speci
Page 137 and 138: They went from drilling 20 m downwa
Page 139 and 140: keeping a low profile at Panasqueir
Page 141 and 142: Boomer S1 L drill rig in operation.
Page 143 and 144:
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