Mining_Methods_UnderGround_Mining - Mining and Blasting

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keMi, Finland Access to the underground operations. 68 underground mining methods
JelSˇ aVa, SlOVakia Mining magnesite at Jelšava Mechanization of overhand stoping in thick deposits As Slovakia moved from centralized control in the early 1990s, the management of Jelsava magnesite mine faced the accumulated problems of over-exploitation and under-mechanization. In the intervening years, the mining method has been revised, the equipment inventory renewed, and the output quality improved. Despite the sometimes difficult economic situation, accompanied by political upheavals, the employee-owned company SMZ that controls the mining operation is doing well. Atlas Copco and its local distributor ISOP have been there to lend a helping hand, as a result of which Rocket Boomer drill rigs and Simba longhole drill rigs have become Jelšava’s main production tools. Producing clinker The fully mechanized underground mine at Jelsava, operated by SMZ, feeds high grade magnesite to on-site conversion facilities with a capacity of 370,000 t/y raw clinker. The process includes primary and secondary crushing, followed by dense medium separation to produce a concentrate for thermal treatment in shaft and rotary kilns. Electromagnetic separators differentiate magnetic brickmaking clinker from non-magnetic steelmaking clinker. SMZ’s raw Jelšava clinker is converted to materials for metallurgical, ceramic and agricultural use. Annual production is around 352,000 t, comprising 167,000 t steelmaking clinker, 160,000 t of brickmaking clinker, and 25,000 t of basic monolithic refractory mixes. Overall, 85% of SMZ output is exported to 28 different countries. To contain production costs SMZ has been investing in more cost effective mining, and plans to replace the rotary kilns with more efficient twin-shaft kilns that emit very little dust. Map of Slovakia showing Jelsˇava location (Industrial Minerals). geology The Dúbrava-Miková orebody that SMZ exploits is the largest of 12 significant magnesite deposits in Slovakia. These extend from Podrecany in the west to Bankov, near Košice, in the east and were all mined for varying periods during the 20 th Century. The mineralization is part of a magnesite belt extending from cen- tral Austria to the Slovakia-Ukraine border. Within Slovakia, the deposits occur mainly in the Slovenské Rudohorie mountains, and Jelšava is in the deeply dissected Revűcka highland area of this Rocket Boomer M2 C moving towards the faces. range. The magnesite deposit extends over 325 hectares within a spur of the Magura hill mass, and the maximum altitude of this spur is 675 m asl. The underground mine is accessed laterally from portals in the sides of the spur, and mineral moves through the process plant downhill from the primary crusher, which is outside the mine on the same level as the main haulage. The magnesite is part of a sedimentary sequence that has been subjected to tectonic forces and metamorphism, especially during the Variscan and Al- pine events. This sequence, underlain by underground mining methods 69
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Mining Methods in Underground Minin
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Contents Foreword 2 Foreword by Han
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Mining TrendS Trends in underground
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Rock production (2005) Ore (Mt) noi
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geOlOgy FOr Mining geology for unde
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Sandstone. Gneiss. Many salts, for
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drives within the mineral deposit,
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Mineral prospecting and exploration
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Atlas Copco underground core drilli
Page 19 and 20: Finding the right balance in explor
Page 21 and 22: % 100 80 60 40 20 0 Canada latin am
Page 23 and 24: Mine inFraSTruCTure underground min
Page 25 and 26: pumphouses and workshops. Drill/bla
Page 27 and 28: Principles of raise boring efficien
Page 29 and 30: Typical operating installation of t
Page 31 and 32: MeCHanized BOlTing Mechanized bolti
Page 33 and 34: on the latest Boomer and Simba seri
Page 35 and 36: Mining in steep orebodies Based on
Page 37 and 38: main level, providing access and ve
Page 39 and 40: waste ratio during a typical muckin
Page 41 and 42: Mining in flat orebodies nearly hor
Page 43 and 44: crosscut drift Foot wall (The Fossu
Page 45 and 46: BaCkFilling Backfilling for safety
Page 47 and 48: Thickener Binder cement and/or slag
Page 49 and 50: History Mining has been conducted a
Page 51 and 52: 0.1% Cu, 99 g/t Ag and 0.3 g/t Au.
Page 53 and 54: This joint development process star
Page 55 and 56: zinkgruVan, Sweden Changing systems
Page 57 and 58: longhole open stoping has contribut
Page 59 and 60: flexibility during drilling and bol
Page 61 and 62: increasing outputs at lkaB iron ore
Page 63 and 64: 2 Groups of ore passes 7 Developmen
Page 65 and 66: keMi, Finland From surface to under
Page 67 and 68: The crusher station at the 560 m le
Page 69: Kemi is carrying out slot hole dril
Page 73 and 74: Pillar between stopes 5.0 m-high, b
Page 75 and 76: kure, Turkey all change for asikoy
Page 77 and 78: m along the footwall contact, or in
Page 79 and 80: History The El Soldado and Los Bron
Page 81 and 82: Max 15.0 m Ventilation shaft 17 to
Page 83 and 84: Simba M6 C drilling radial holes. a
Page 85 and 86: Pioneering mass caving at el Tenien
Page 87 and 88: caving in primary rock. Currently,
Page 89 and 90: Production area 5 4 80 m 57,5 m 22,
Page 91 and 92: used is again panel caving with pre
Page 93 and 94: introduction Codelco, renowned for
Page 95 and 96: During pilot hole drilling and rea-
Page 97 and 98: 40 m in length were drilled each mo
Page 99 and 100: anTOFagaSTa, CHile Modernization at
Page 101 and 102: MOunT iSa, auSTralia Mount isa mine
Page 103 and 104: 4500N Advance south Stoping sequenc
Page 105 and 106: to the hanging wall. The fill used
Page 107 and 108: MelBOurne, auSTralia High speed hau
Page 109 and 110: The Minetruck MT5010 exits from the
Page 111 and 112: geology The Olympic Dam mineral dep
Page 113 and 114: Activity Overview Mucking Overview
Page 115 and 116: on site. Later stopes, which are no
Page 117 and 118: improved results at Meishan iron or
Page 119 and 120: ig, six hours/shift, two shifts/day
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Mechanized mining in low headroom a
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large scale copper mining adapted t
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tricky, because the pillars in the
Page 127 and 128:
gerMany/SOuTH kOrea underground min
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which are spread over 10-130 Mpa. A
Page 131 and 132:
CaMPO FOrMOSO, Brazil Sub level cav
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Slot drilling at Ferbasa: The Simba
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getting the best for Peñoles Speci
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They went from drilling 20 m downwa
Page 139 and 140:
keeping a low profile at Panasqueir
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Boomer S1 L drill rig in operation.
Page 143 and 144:
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