Mining_Methods_UnderGround_Mining - Mining and Blasting

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Mine inFraSTruCTure Atlas Copco Robbins 53RH-EX raise boring machine. be used to excavate raises where there is limited, or no, access to the upper level. In this boxhole boring method, the machine is set up on the lower level, and a full diameter raise is bored upward. This method is used for slot hole drilling in sub level caving and block caving methods. The cuttings are carried by gravity down the raise, and are deflected Simba MC 6-ITH with slot hammer. from the machine by the use of a muck collector and a muck chute. An alternative method to excavate box holes is to use longhole drilling with extremely accurate holes to enable blasting in one shot. The Simba MC 6-ITH shown below is modified for slot drilling so that the holes will closely follow each other, providing sufficient open space for consecutive blasting. The drilling and blasting results are shown below. Hole opening, or downreaming, using a small-diameter reamer to enlarge an existing pilot hole, can also be carried out by an RBM. The capital cost of an RBM is high, but, if used methodically and consistently, the return on investment is very worthwhile. Not only will raises be constructed safer and faster, they will be longer, smoother, less disruptive than blasting, and yield less overbreak. The rock chips produced by an RBM are con- sistent in size and easy to load. The BorPak is a small, track-mounted machine for upward boring of inclined raises. It starts boring upwards through a launching tube. Once into rock, grippers hold the body, while the head ro- tates and bores the rock fullface. BorPak can bore blind raises with diameters from 1.2 m to 1.5 m, up to 300 m-long. gunnar nord Holes at breakthrough after 32 m. Sufficient expansion space is created for production blast holes to follow. 24 underground mining methods
Principles of raise boring efficiency and safety Raise boring is the process of me- chanically boring, drilling or reaming a vertical or inclined shaft or raise between two or more levels. Some 40 years ago, the world’s first modern raise boring machine was introduced by the Robbins Company. It launched a revolution in underground mining and construc- tion, and the technique is now accepted as the world standard for mechanical raise excavation. New products from Atlas Copco, such as the BorPak, concepts such as automatic operation and computerization, and techniques such as horizontal reaming, are creating exciting new opportunities in the underground environment. Atlas Copco Robbins supplies the complete raise boring package for all situations, together with technical and spares backup. raise boring concept The raise boring machine (RBM) is set up at the surface or upper level of the two levels to be connected, and a smalldiameter pilot hole is drilled down to the lower level using a string of drill pipes and a tricone bit. A reamer is then attached to the drill string at the lower level, and the RBM provides the rotational torque and pulling power to ream back to the upper level. The cuttings from the reamer fall to the lower level for removal. Raise bore holes of over 6 m-diameter have been bored in medium to soft rock, and single passes in hard rock can be up to 1 km in length. Advantages of raise boring are that miners are not required to enter the excavation while it is underway, no explosives are used, a smooth profile is obtained, and manpower requirements are reduced. Above all, an operation that previously was classified as very dangerous can now be routinely undertaken as a safe and controlled activity. Specific applications of bored raises in mining are: transfer of material; ventilation; personnel access; and ore Robbins 73RH C derrick assembly layout. Raise boring process. raiSe BOring underground mining methods 25
Page 1 and 2: Mining Methods in Underground Minin
Page 3 and 4: Contents Foreword 2 Foreword by Han
Page 5 and 6: Mining TrendS Trends in underground
Page 7 and 8: Rock production (2005) Ore (Mt) noi
Page 9 and 10: geOlOgy FOr Mining geology for unde
Page 11 and 12: Sandstone. Gneiss. Many salts, for
Page 13 and 14: drives within the mineral deposit,
Page 15 and 16: Mineral prospecting and exploration
Page 17 and 18: Atlas Copco underground core drilli
Page 19 and 20: Finding the right balance in explor
Page 21 and 22: % 100 80 60 40 20 0 Canada latin am
Page 23 and 24: Mine inFraSTruCTure underground min
Page 25: pumphouses and workshops. Drill/bla
Page 29 and 30: Typical operating installation of t
Page 31 and 32: MeCHanized BOlTing Mechanized bolti
Page 33 and 34: on the latest Boomer and Simba seri
Page 35 and 36: Mining in steep orebodies Based on
Page 37 and 38: main level, providing access and ve
Page 39 and 40: waste ratio during a typical muckin
Page 41 and 42: Mining in flat orebodies nearly hor
Page 43 and 44: crosscut drift Foot wall (The Fossu
Page 45 and 46: BaCkFilling Backfilling for safety
Page 47 and 48: Thickener Binder cement and/or slag
Page 49 and 50: History Mining has been conducted a
Page 51 and 52: 0.1% Cu, 99 g/t Ag and 0.3 g/t Au.
Page 53 and 54: This joint development process star
Page 55 and 56: zinkgruVan, Sweden Changing systems
Page 57 and 58: longhole open stoping has contribut
Page 59 and 60: flexibility during drilling and bol
Page 61 and 62: increasing outputs at lkaB iron ore
Page 63 and 64: 2 Groups of ore passes 7 Developmen
Page 65 and 66: keMi, Finland From surface to under
Page 67 and 68: The crusher station at the 560 m le
Page 69 and 70: Kemi is carrying out slot hole dril
Page 71 and 72: JelSˇ aVa, SlOVakia Mining magnesi
Page 73 and 74: Pillar between stopes 5.0 m-high, b
Page 75 and 76: kure, Turkey all change for asikoy
Page 77 and 78:
m along the footwall contact, or in
Page 79 and 80:
History The El Soldado and Los Bron
Page 81 and 82:
Max 15.0 m Ventilation shaft 17 to
Page 83 and 84:
Simba M6 C drilling radial holes. a
Page 85 and 86:
Pioneering mass caving at el Tenien
Page 87 and 88:
caving in primary rock. Currently,
Page 89 and 90:
Production area 5 4 80 m 57,5 m 22,
Page 91 and 92:
used is again panel caving with pre
Page 93 and 94:
introduction Codelco, renowned for
Page 95 and 96:
During pilot hole drilling and rea-
Page 97 and 98:
40 m in length were drilled each mo
Page 99 and 100:
anTOFagaSTa, CHile Modernization at
Page 101 and 102:
MOunT iSa, auSTralia Mount isa mine
Page 103 and 104:
4500N Advance south Stoping sequenc
Page 105 and 106:
to the hanging wall. The fill used
Page 107 and 108:
MelBOurne, auSTralia High speed hau
Page 109 and 110:
The Minetruck MT5010 exits from the
Page 111 and 112:
geology The Olympic Dam mineral dep
Page 113 and 114:
Activity Overview Mucking Overview
Page 115 and 116:
on site. Later stopes, which are no
Page 117 and 118:
improved results at Meishan iron or
Page 119 and 120:
ig, six hours/shift, two shifts/day
Page 121 and 122:
Mechanized mining in low headroom a
Page 123 and 124:
large scale copper mining adapted t
Page 125 and 126:
tricky, because the pillars in the
Page 127 and 128:
gerMany/SOuTH kOrea underground min
Page 129 and 130:
which are spread over 10-130 Mpa. A
Page 131 and 132:
CaMPO FOrMOSO, Brazil Sub level cav
Page 133 and 134:
Slot drilling at Ferbasa: The Simba
Page 135 and 136:
getting the best for Peñoles Speci
Page 137 and 138:
They went from drilling 20 m downwa
Page 139 and 140:
keeping a low profile at Panasqueir
Page 141 and 142:
Boomer S1 L drill rig in operation.
Page 143 and 144:
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